RESUMO
The Brazilian superfruit called Açaí or Assaí has gained interested from researcher and consumers worldwide, due to its health-related properties. In this context, this pioneering study aimed to compare the physicochemical, nutritional, and thermal properties of vegetable oils obtained from two varieties of açaí (Euterpe oleracea), purple and white. Both açaí oils from white (WAO) and purple (PAO) varieties were obtained by using the conventional solid-liquid extraction, which resulted in oil yields ranging from 52 to 61%. WAO and PAO were analyzed by their edibility quality parameters given the recommendations from Codex Alimentarius; their nutritional functionality indices and their composition of fatty acids and triglycerides content were estimated. Both oils showed low levels of acidity and peroxides, <1.8 mg KOH g-1 and < 1.7 mEq kg-1, respectively, which are good indicators of their preservation status, agreeing with the food regulations. PAO and WAO showed differences among the composition of fatty acids, mainly related to the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), which were 62.5 and 39.5%, respectively, mainly oleic acid. Regarding the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the WAO showed up to 23% of linoleic acid, whereas the PAO exhibited up to 11% of it. These differences reflect on the values of the nutritional functionality indices, atherogenic (AI), thrombogenic (IT), and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (H/H). Both PAO and WAO showed low levels of AI and TI and superior values of H/H than other oilseeds from the literature. These results indicate the nutritional properties of açaí oils regarding a potential cardioprotective effect when included in a regular dietary intake. The thermogravimetric behavior and the evaluation of oxidation status by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were also studied. Both açaí oils demonstrated higher thermal stability (with an onset temperature ranging from 344 to 350 °C) and low indications of oxidation status, as no chemical groups related to it were noted in the FTIR spectrum, which agrees with the determined acidity and peroxide content. Moreover, the FTIR analysis unveiled characteristic chemical groups related to fatty acids and triglycerides, agreeing with the literature reports. These findings collectively contribute to a deeper comprehension of the nutritional and functional properties between white and purple açaí oils, offering valuable insights into their potential health, food, and industrial applications.
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This study aimed to develop potentially synbiotic yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) beverages added with fructooligosaccharides and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496. Six formulations of yellow mombin beverages were prepared to measure the influence of fermentation and pH, which was adjustment to 4.5 for stability and quality parameters. Formulations were evaluated for probiotic survival, pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity for 28 days at 4 °C. Additionally, the proximate composition, color, sensory aspects, and survival to simulated gastrointestinal conditions were studied. At 21 days of storage, the viability of L. plantarum was 9 CFU/mL for the fermented symbiotic (SYNf) and non-fermented symbiotic with adjusted pH (SYNa) formulations. In addition, the fermented synbiotic with an adjusted pH beverage (SYNfA) showed a count of 8.2 log CFU/mL at 28 days. The formulations showed a high TPC (234-431 mg GAE/L), antioxidant activity (48-75 µM trolox), and a potential use as low-calorie beverages. The SYNf formulation showed an acceptability index higher than 70% and a high purchase intent. The SYNf and SYNa formulations maintained suitable probiotic counts after exposure to the simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, it was possible to develop a new potentially synbiotic yellow mombin beverage with a high sensory acceptance, supplying the market with a new functional food alternative.
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This study evaluated the efficacy of potentially probiotic fruit-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains loaded into sodium alginate (SA) coatings to control the anthracnose development in guava cv. Paluma and mango cv. Palmer caused by distinct pathogenic Colletotrichum species (C. asianum, C. fructicola, C. tropicale, C. siamense, C. karstii, and C. gloeosporioides) during 15 days of room temperature storage (25 ± 0.5 °C). The effects of the formulated coatings on physicochemical parameters indicative of overall postharvest quality of guava and mango were evaluated. The eight examined LAB strains caused strong inhibition on the mycelial growth of all target Colletotrichum species in vitro. LAB strains with the highest inhibitory effects (Levilactobacillus brevis 59, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 129, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum 263) on the target Colletotrichum species were incorporated into SA coatings. These strains had viable counts of > 6 log CFU/mL in SA coatings during 15 days of room temperature storage. Application of coatings with SA + L. brevis 59, SA + L. pentosus 129, and SA + L. fermentum 263 delayed the development and decreased the severity of anthracnose lesions in guava and mango artificially contaminated with either of the tested Colletotrichum species. These coatings impacted positively on some physicochemical parameters indicative of postharvest quality and more prolonged storability of guava and mango. The formulated SA coatings loaded with tested fruit-derived potentially probiotic LAB strains could be innovative and effective strategies to control postharvest anthracnose and extend the storability of guava and mango.
Assuntos
Colletotrichum , Mangifera , Psidium , Mangifera/microbiologia , Psidium/microbiologia , Frutas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Among the extant beer types, Berliner Weisse is mainly characterized by its blend of barley and wheat malts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae for alcoholic fermentation, and Lactobacillus spp. for lactic fermentation. In this study, three formulations of Berliner Weisse were developed with various concentrations of barley, wheat malts, and hops. No variations were made in the concentrations of S. cerevisiae, Lacticaseibacillus casei, or cashew pulp. A L. casei-free formulation was used as a control. Physicochemical and sensory parameters were evaluated to characterize the formulations. The physicochemical data allowed for differentiation of the beverages in all evaluated parameters, except for the percentages of titratable acidity and diacetyl. From a sensory perspective, panelists classified the beer as acidic or fruity. The cashew peduncle pulp was proven to be a viable and attractive alternative for the production of Berliner Weisse-style beer with national characteristics and versatility in physicochemical and sensory parameters.(AU)
Dentre os tipos de cerveja existentes, a cerveja Berliner Weisse tem como principal característica ser produzida a partir de um blend de maltes de cevada e trigo, Saccharomyces cerevisiae para a fermentação alcoólica e Lactobacillus spp. para a fermentação láctica. Neste estudo, foram desenvolvidas três formulações de Berliner Weisse com variações na concentração de maltes de cevada e trigo e lúpulo. Não houve variação nas concentrações de S. cerevisiae, Lacticaseibacillus casei e polpa de caju. Uma formulação isenta de L. casei foi formulada como controle. Foram avaliados parâmetros físico-químicos e sensoriais para caracterização das formulações. Os dados físico-químicos permitiram diferenciar as bebidas em todos os parametros avaliados, exceto quanto a porcentagem de acidez tilulável e diacetil. Do ponto de vista sensorial, os avaliadores classificaram as cervejas como ácidas e frutadas. A utilização da polpa do pedúnculo de caju se mostrou uma alternativa viável e atraente para a produção de cerveja estilo Berliner Weisse com características nacionais e versatilidade em seus parâmetros físico-químicos e sensoriais.(AU)
Assuntos
Cerveja/análise , Anacardium/química , Fermentação , Fenômenos Químicos , FrutasRESUMO
Dragon fruit cultivation is an emerging industry in Ecuador. In August of 2020, yellow dragon fruit plants (Hylocereus megalantus) showing brown hardened scabs on cladodes and fruits were observed in a field in Guayas, a coastal province of Ecuador (Fig. 1A). Symptoms were observed in ~ 40% of the assessed plants (n=100) with damage varying from mild (necrotic spots) to severe (canker). Ten cladode sections of ~ 10 cm2 with signs of canker were collected from five affected plants (two from each plant). Symptomatic cladode sections were sliced, surface-sterilized with a solution of 1% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed with sterile water, transferred into potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, and incubated at 28°C for five days in the dark. Three fungal isolates recovered from the cladodes produced colonies with dense dark aerial mycelia that matched the morphological description for Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Crous et al 2006) (Fig 1B, 1C). Arthric chains of cylindrical conidia were observed under the microscope and presented zero or one septum with sizes between 10.9 ± 0.27 x 4.97 ± 0.36 µm (n=50). Pycnidia produced ellipsoid-shaped conidia, and sizes ranged from 4.5 ± 0.3 x 11.02 ± 0.5 µm (n=50). Cultured isolates were subjected to DNA extractions using the fungal DNA mini kit (Omega, Bio-Tek, Inc) for molecular identification by amplifying the 5.8S rDNA and adjacent internal transcriber spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions using primers (ITS1 / ITS4) as described (White et al., 1990). In addition, the ß-tubulin and elongation factor 1-α targets were amplified by primers Bt2a / Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson, 1995) and EF1-728 F / EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn, 1999), respectively, following the recommended PCR conditions. Amplified products were cloned using a pGEMT-easy kit (Promega, USA) and sequenced. Sequence comparisons for each target revealed that the three isolates were 100% identical to each other. Sequences obtained from a single plant were submitted to NCBI Genbank and assigned acc. Numbers OP377444, OP381216, and OP381217, for the ITS, ß-tubulin, and elongation factor, respectively. BLAST analyses of the three amplified targets confirmed homology to counterparts from N. dimitiatum, with 99-100 % identities to isolates from China (JX524168), United Arab Emirates (MN447201), and Israel (KF020895). To fulfill Koch´s postulates, thirteen 4-month-old healthy plants were inoculated either with the pathogen (n=10) or mock-inoculated (n=3). In addition, two detached yellow dragon fruits and a mock were inoculated following the same protocol as stems. Inoculation was performed by making small wounds on cladodes or fruits using a sterile needle and placing a 2-mm agar plug containing mycelia from a 7-day-old colony. For mock inoculations, 2-mm plugs with clean PDA media were used. The inoculated area was wrapped with black plastic film for seven days at 27 to 32°C. At ten days post-inoculation, brown scab lesions with an orange halo were observed in the inoculated plants but not in the mock-inoculated plants and fruit (Fig. 1D, 1E). N. dimidiatum was re-isolated from experimentally-induced canker lesions, and morphologically identified. Stem canker caused by N. dimidiatum is a severe disease affecting dragon fruit production worldwide (Chuang et al., 2021). In Ecuador, this pathogen was found affecting yellow dragon fruit (H. megalantus) under natural conditions; however, under experimental conditions, red dragon fruit (H. undatus), which is widely produced in several coastal provinces of the country, was also found to be susceptible. Further studies are needed to investigate epidemiological aspects of this important pathogen, which threatens dragon fruit production in Ecuador.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Psidium is the fourthth largest genus of Myrtaceae in the Neotropics. Psidium guajava is widely cultivated in the tropics for its edible fruit. It is commercially under threat due to the disease guava decline. Psidium cattleyanum is one of the 100 most invasive organisms in the world. Knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships within Psidium is poor. We aim to provide a review of the biology, morphology and ecology of Psidium, a phylogenetic tree, an infrageneric classification and a list of species. METHODS: Morphological and geographic data were obtained by studying Psidium in herbaria and in the field between 1988 and 2020. Forty-six herbaria were visited personally. A database of approx. 6000 specimens was constructed, and the literature was reviewed. Thirty species (about a third of the species in the genus) were sampled for molecular phylogenetic inference. Two chloroplast (psbA-trnH and ndhF) and two nuclear (external transcribed spacer and internal transcribed spacer) regions were targeted. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using maximum likelihood (ML; RaxML) and Bayesian inference (BI; MrBayes). KEY RESULTS: Psidium is a monophyletic genus with four major clades recognized as sections. Section Psidium (ten species), to which P. guajava belongs, is sister to the rest of the genus; it is widespread across the Neotropics. Section Obversifolia (six species; restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest), which includes P. cattleyanum, is sister to the innermost clade composed of sister sections Apertiflora (31 species; widespread but most diverse in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest)â +â Mitranthes (26 species; widespread in dry forests and probably diverse in the Caribbean). Characters associated with diversification within Psidium are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Research on pre-foliation, colleters, leaf anatomy, leaf physiology, staminal development, placentation and germination associated with the anatomy of the opercular plug is desirable. Studies are biased towards sections Psidium and Obversifolia, with other sections poorly known.
Assuntos
Myrtaceae , Psidium , Teorema de Bayes , Florestas , Myrtaceae/anatomia & histologia , Myrtaceae/genética , Filogenia , Psidium/genéticaRESUMO
The physicochemical properties, proximate composition, minerals, total polyphenols, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of ciricote (Cordia dodecandra A. DC.) tropical fruit were investigated. Minerals were quantified by using micro-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. Lutein and ß-carotene were identified in ciricote fruit by using UPLC-PDA analysis. The highest values of the total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity were presented in ethanolic crude extracts obtaining by the ultrasonic-assisted method with freeze-dried fruit. The phenolic acids profile was identified and quantified by UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS. The main phenolic acids were caffeoyl hexoside, rufescenolide, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, and rosmarinic acid. The ciricote extracts presented antibacterial activity against Staphylococus aureus (Gram+) and Salmonella typhymurium (Gram-). In conclusion, the ciricote (Cordia dodecandra A. DC.) tropical fruits could be very useful source of biological macromolecules, micro-elements, and phytochemical compounds for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes , Cordia , Frutas , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cordia/química , Frutas/química , México , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Physicochemical characterization, amino acids contents, minerals composition, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of Cuban wines from different raw materials were studied. The wines studied were grape wines, tropical fruit wines, and rice wines. Twenty-one amino acids were identified and quantified, being Asp and Glu detected in all wines. The highest concentration of total amino acid content was found in wines elaborated from Cimarrona grape subjected to maceration with grape skins, while the raisined mixture grape wine presented the lowest values, probably caused by the amino acid degradation during the dehydration process by sun exposure. Minerals quantified were range amount limits of acceptable according to the OIV recommendation. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity showed the greatest values in wine from roasting rice. No statistical separation could be clearly observed by multivariate principal component analysis; however, 3 wine groups could be defined taking account the scores on the PC1.
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This paper aimed to evaluate crop yield and physical and chemical characteristics of acerola (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Mociño ex DC) clones grown in the Alta Paulista region, Brazil. The evaluation comprised 7 clones, namely: Olivier, BRS 238-Frutacor, BRS 236-Cereja, BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 237-Roxinha, Okinawa, and Waldy-CATI 30, studiedfrom October 2018 to April 2019. Crop yield was analyzed based on the accumulated production of 12 harvests, with fresh mass expressed in kg fruit·plant-1. Considering the capacity of30 harvests per plant within the complete cropping period, total fruit mass (in kg fruit·plant-1) and crop yield (in tha-1) were estimated. Samples were collected from 4 of the 12 harvests in order to determine average fruit mass (g); average fruit size, fruit height/diameter ratio, and pulp yield (%). Regarding fruit pulp, the analysis consisted of quantifying the soluble solids, expressed in degrees Brix, and the technological index (i.e. pulp yield x °Brix/100). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with 7 treatments and 4 repetitions. The obtained data were statistically processed by analysis of variance using the F test, and the means were compared using the Tukeystest at the 0.05 significance level. The study concluded that, given the soil and weather conditions of the Alta Paulista region, Olivier, Apodi and Frutacor are the clones mainly recommended for the agro-industrial market, being the Olivier cultivar the first option among the three and appearing in a greater proportion in the area of the commercial orchard studied. Regarding the acerola production for fresh consumption, Olivier and Roxinha are the most suitable clones. Olivier stands out for its good fruit yield, adequate physical and chemical characteristics, and easy manual harvesting.
Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e características físico-químicas de clones de acerola cultivados na região Alta Paulista. Avaliou-se 7 clones: Olivier, BRS 238-Frutacor, BRS 236-Cereja, BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 237-Roxinha, Okinawa e Waldy-CATI 30, no período de outubro de 2018 a abril de 2019. Analisou-se produção acumulada de 12 colheitas, sendo expressa a massa fresca em kg de frutos.planta-1. Seguindo a premissa de 30 colheitas por planta ao longo de uma safra completa, estimou-se a produção total de frutos em kg frutos planta-1e a produtividade em t ha-1. Em 4 das 12 colheitas, foram retiradas amostras para avaliação da massa média do fruto (g); tamanho médio do fruto, relação altura: diâmetro e rendimento de polpa (%). Na polpa foram quantificados os sólidos solúveis expressos em ° Brix e o índice tecnológico (rendimento de polpa x °Brix/100). Como delineamento experimental utilizou-se blocos ao acaso, com 7 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância para o Teste F e as médias comparadas pelo Teste Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. Concluiu-se que nas condições de clima e solo da região Alta Paulista recomenda-se o plantio dos clones Olivier, Apodi e Frutacor principalmente visando o mercado agroindustrial, sendo o clone Olivier a primeira opção e em maior proporção na área de implantação do pomar comercial. No cultivo de acerola voltado para consumo in natura indicam-se clones Olivier e Roxinha. O clone Olivier se destaca pela boa produtividade, características físico-químicas adequadas e facilidade de colheita manual dos frutos.
Assuntos
Células Clonais , Malpighiaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Malpighiaceae/fisiologia , BrasilRESUMO
This paper aimed to evaluate crop yield and physical and chemical characteristics of acerola (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Mociño ex DC) clones grown in the Alta Paulista region, Brazil. The evaluation comprised 7 clones, namely: Olivier, BRS 238-Frutacor, BRS 236-Cereja, BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 237-Roxinha, Okinawa, and Waldy-CATI 30, studiedfrom October 2018 to April 2019. Crop yield was analyzed based on the accumulated production of 12 harvests, with fresh mass expressed in kg fruit·plant-1. Considering the capacity of30 harvests per plant within the complete cropping period, total fruit mass (in kg fruit·plant-1) and crop yield (in tha-1) were estimated. Samples were collected from 4 of the 12 harvests in order to determine average fruit mass (g); average fruit size, fruit height/diameter ratio, and pulp yield (%). Regarding fruit pulp, the analysis consisted of quantifying the soluble solids, expressed in degrees Brix, and the technological index (i.e. pulp yield x °Brix/100). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with 7 treatments and 4 repetitions. The obtained data were statistically processed by analysis of variance using the F test, and the means were compared using the Tukeystest at the 0.05 significance level. The study concluded that, given the soil and weather conditions of the Alta Paulista region, Olivier, Apodi and Frutacor are the clones mainly recommended for the agro-industrial market, being the Olivier cultivar the first option among the three and appearing in a greater proportion in the area of the commercial orchard studied. Regarding the acerola production for fresh consumption, Olivier and Roxinha are the most suitable clones. Olivier stands out for its good fruit yield, adequate physical and chemical characteristics, and easy manual harvesting.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e características físico-químicas de clones de acerola cultivados na região Alta Paulista. Avaliou-se 7 clones: Olivier, BRS 238-Frutacor, BRS 236-Cereja, BRS 235-Apodi, BRS 237-Roxinha, Okinawa e Waldy-CATI 30, no período de outubro de 2018 a abril de 2019. Analisou-se produção acumulada de 12 colheitas, sendo expressa a massa fresca em kg de frutos.planta-1. Seguindo a premissa de 30 colheitas por planta ao longo de uma safra completa, estimou-se a produção total de frutos em kg frutos planta-1e a produtividade em t ha-1. Em 4 das 12 colheitas, foram retiradas amostras para avaliação da massa média do fruto (g); tamanho médio do fruto, relação altura: diâmetro e rendimento de polpa (%). Na polpa foram quantificados os sólidos solúveis expressos em ° Brix e o índice tecnológico (rendimento de polpa x °Brix/100). Como delineamento experimental utilizou-se blocos ao acaso, com 7 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância para o Teste F e as médias comparadas pelo Teste Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. Concluiu-se que nas condições de clima e solo da região Alta Paulista recomenda-se o plantio dos clones Olivier, Apodi e Frutacor principalmente visando o mercado agroindustrial, sendo o clone Olivier a primeira opção e em maior proporção na área de implantação do pomar comercial. No cultivo de acerola voltado para consumo in natura indicam-se clones Olivier e Roxinha. O clone Olivier se destaca pela boa produtividade, características físico-químicas adequadas e facilidade de colheita manual dos frutos.(AU)
Assuntos
Malpighiaceae/fisiologia , Malpighiaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Células Clonais , BrasilRESUMO
Consumption of foods rich in phenolic compounds can be beneficial for health. This study aimed to examine whether the consumption of a phenolic-rich smoothie, based on juçara, strawberry and banana, ameliorates metabolic status and liver damage of diet-induced obese mice. Forty male C57BL/6J mice were assigned into four groups (n = 10) and fed control diet with free access to water (C) or phenolic-rich smoothie (C-S), or fed high-fat diet with free access to water (HF) or phenolic-rich smoothie (HF-S) for five weeks. HF and HF-S groups had higher body weight gains than the C group, however the HF had a greater adipose index, higher plasma levels of glucose, insulin and leptin, as well as higher plasma and hepatic steatosis than C, C-S and HF-S groups. The liver oxidative stress markers were reduced in C-S and HF-S groups and the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were higher compared with their counterparts. The present study suggests that regular consumption of a phenolic-rich smoothie improves the liver antioxidant status, prevents metabolic disorders and ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease caused by high-fat diet consumption.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Obesos , Obesidade/induzido quimicamente , Fenóis/químicaRESUMO
AIMS: This study evaluated whether by-products from industrial processing of acerola (Malpighia glabra L.; AB) and guava (Psidium guajava L.; GB) fruit may stimulate the growth and metabolism of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and induce changes in human colonic microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ability of non-digested and digested AB or GB to stimulate the growth ad metabolism of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05, Lactobacillus casei L-26 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 was evaluated. Changes in populations of distinct bacterial groups of human colonic microbiota induced by digested AB and GB were evaluated using an in vitro colonic fermentation system. Non-digested and digested AB and GB favoured probiotic growth. No difference among counts of probiotics in media with glucose, fructooligosaccharides and non-digested and digested AB and GB was found during a 48-h cultivation. Cultivation of probiotics in media with non-digested and digested AB and GB resulted in decreased pH, increased organic acid production and sugar consumption over time. Digested AB and GB caused overall beneficial changes in abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus-Enterococcus, Eubacterium rectall-Clostridium coccoides and Bacteroides-Provotella populations, besides to decrease the pH and increase the short-chain fatty acid production during a 24-h in vitro colonic fermentation. CONCLUSION: AB and GB could be novel prebiotic ingredients because they can stimulate the growth and metabolism of probiotics and induce overall beneficial changes in human colonic microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: AB and GB stimulated the growth and metabolism of probiotics, in addition to induce beneficial alterations in human colonic microbiota composition and increase short-chain fatty acid production. These results characterize AB and GB as potential prebiotic ingredients and fruit processing by-products as sources of added-value compounds.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium animalis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Colo/microbiologia , Lactobacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Malpighiaceae/metabolismo , Prebióticos/análise , Probióticos/análise , Psidium/metabolismo , Resíduos/análise , Bifidobacterium animalis/metabolismo , Clostridiales , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fermentação , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Lactobacillus acidophilus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Malpighiaceae/química , Oligossacarídeos/análise , Oligossacarídeos/metabolismo , Probióticos/metabolismo , Psidium/químicaRESUMO
Phosphorylation is a posttranslational reversible modification related to signaling and regulatory mechanisms. Protein phosphorylation is linked to structural changes that modulate protein activity, interaction, or localization and therefore the cell signaling pathways. The use of techniques for phosphoprotein enrichment along with mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool for the characterization of signal transduction in model organisms. However, limited efforts have focused on the establishment of protocols for the analysis of the phosphoproteome in nonmodel organisms such as tropical fruits. This chapter describes a potential pipeline for sample preparation and enrichment of phosphorylated proteins/peptides before MS analysis of peels of some species of tropical fruits.
Assuntos
Frutas/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteômica/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Fosforilação/fisiologia , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologiaRESUMO
This study set out to determine the physical and mechanical properties of edible films made from native starch extracted from non-exportable Ecuadorian bananas (Musa sapientum L.). The following treatments were applied: 0.5% starch - 0.25% glucose (T1), 0.5% starch - 0.5% glucose (T2), 1% starch - 0.25% glucose (T3), and 1% starch - 0.5% glucose (T4). Variables such as physicochemical properties, amylose content, maximum gelation temperature, and the morphology of native starch granules were assessed. Variables in the film, such as thickness, opacity, film solubility, and tensile strength, were also measured. The fruit used in this study was composed of 88.55% starch (dry basis, 15.35% amylose). The starch granules had a dominant ovoid morphology with an average diameter of 25 - 30 m. The peak gelatinization temperature was 73.80 °C. The maximum value for viscosity was 3,836 cP at 86.8 °C. Films that presented good malleability, thickness, transparency, tensile strength, and low solubility were obtained from T4, which turned out to be the best treatment.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar propriedades físicas e mecânicas em filmes comestíveis obtidos a partir de amido nativo de banana equatoriana não exportada (Musa sapientum L.). Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 0,5% de amido - 0,25% de glicose (T1), 0,5% de amido - 0,5% de glicose (T2), 1% de amido - 0,25% de glicose (T3) e 1% de amido - 0,5% de glicose (T4). Foram determinadas variáveis como características físico-químicas, teor de amilose, temperatura de gelatinização máxima, morfologia dos grânulos de amido nativo. Foram obtidas variáveis em filmes como espessura, opacidade, solubilidade do filme. E a resistência à tração (por texturometria) foi medida. Os frutos utilizados nesta pesquisa apresentaram 88,55% de amido (base seca; amilose representou 15,35% do mencionado). A morfologia dominante encontrada nos grânulos de amido era ovóide e 25 - 30 m de diâmetro médio. A temperatura máxima de gelatinização foi de 73,80 °C. O valor máximo de viscosidade ocorrido foi de 3.836 cP a 86,8 °C. Filmes com boa maleabilidade, espessura, transparência, resistência à tração e baixa solubilidade foram obtidos de T4, tornando-se o melhor tratamento.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Físicos , Musa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Musa/química , Técnica de Nutrientes em FilmesRESUMO
This study set out to determine the physical and mechanical properties of edible films made from native starch extracted from non-exportable Ecuadorian bananas (Musa sapientum L.). The following treatments were applied: 0.5% starch - 0.25% glucose (T1), 0.5% starch - 0.5% glucose (T2), 1% starch - 0.25% glucose (T3), and 1% starch - 0.5% glucose (T4). Variables such as physicochemical properties, amylose content, maximum gelation temperature, and the morphology of native starch granules were assessed. Variables in the film, such as thickness, opacity, film solubility, and tensile strength, were also measured. The fruit used in this study was composed of 88.55% starch (dry basis, 15.35% amylose). The starch granules had a dominant ovoid morphology with an average diameter of 25 - 30 m. The peak gelatinization temperature was 73.80 °C. The maximum value for viscosity was 3,836 cP at 86.8 °C. Films that presented good malleability, thickness, transparency, tensile strength, and low solubility were obtained from T4, which turned out to be the best treatment.(AU)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar propriedades físicas e mecânicas em filmes comestíveis obtidos a partir de amido nativo de banana equatoriana não exportada (Musa sapientum L.). Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 0,5% de amido - 0,25% de glicose (T1), 0,5% de amido - 0,5% de glicose (T2), 1% de amido - 0,25% de glicose (T3) e 1% de amido - 0,5% de glicose (T4). Foram determinadas variáveis como características físico-químicas, teor de amilose, temperatura de gelatinização máxima, morfologia dos grânulos de amido nativo. Foram obtidas variáveis em filmes como espessura, opacidade, solubilidade do filme. E a resistência à tração (por texturometria) foi medida. Os frutos utilizados nesta pesquisa apresentaram 88,55% de amido (base seca; amilose representou 15,35% do mencionado). A morfologia dominante encontrada nos grânulos de amido era ovóide e 25 - 30 m de diâmetro médio. A temperatura máxima de gelatinização foi de 73,80 °C. O valor máximo de viscosidade ocorrido foi de 3.836 cP a 86,8 °C. Filmes com boa maleabilidade, espessura, transparência, resistência à tração e baixa solubilidade foram obtidos de T4, tornando-se o melhor tratamento.(AU)
Assuntos
Musa/química , Musa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenômenos Físicos , Técnica de Nutrientes em FilmesRESUMO
This study evaluated the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05, Lactobacillus plantarum LP299v and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in tropical mango juice, the resistance of the strains to gastrointestinal conditions simulated in vitro and the microbiological, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the products obtained. The viabilities of L. rhamnosus GG and L. plantarum LP299v were greater than 7.96 log CFU mL <->1 and 7.74 log CFU mL <->1, respectively, during the 28 days of storage at 8 ºC. However, there was a reduction (p < 0.05) in the viability of L. acidophilus La-5 after 21 days of storage, with counts of 3.81 log UFC mL <->1. The parameters of pH, total soluble solids, luminosity (L*) and the color coordinates, a* and b*, did not differ between the treatments. However, the pH and acidity varied during the storage time, probably due to the fermentative action of the microorganisms. For the in vitro gastrointestinal resistance test, there was a difference in the gastric phase for enteric phases I and II. The mean viability of the microorganisms in the gastric phase was 5.11 log CFU mL <->1, decreasing to 4.02 and 3.97 log CFU mL <->1 in enteric phases I and II, respectively. Juices containing L. rhamnosus GG and L. plantarum LP299 were evaluated sensorially, presenting good acceptability. The results suggest that the tropical mango juice was a good carrier matrix for L. rhamnosus GG and L. plantarum LP 299v, being well accepted and therefore an alternative for populations with dietary restrictions.(AU)
Este estudo avaliou a viabilidade de Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05, Lactobacillus plantarum LP299v e Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG em suco tropical de manga, a resistência das estirpes às condições gastrointestinais simuladas em ensaio in vitro e as características microbiológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais dos produtos obtidos. A viabilidade de L. rhamnosus GG e L. plantarum LP299v foi superior a 7,96 log UFC mL <->1 e 7,74 log UFC mL <->1, respectivamente, ao longo dos 28 dias de armazenamento a 8 ºC. Entretanto, houve redução (p < 0,05) da viabilidade de L. acidophilus La-5 após 21 dias de armazenamento, com contagens de 3,81 log UFC mL <->1. pH, sólidos solúveis totais, luminosidade (L*) e as coordenadas a* e b* não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Entretanto, houve diferença de pH e acidez ao longo do tempo de armazenamento provavelmente devido a ação fermentativa dos microrganismos. No ensaio in vitro de resistência gastrointestinal, houve diferença da fase gástrica para as fases entéricas I e II. A média da viabilidade dos microrganismos na fase gástrica foi de 5,11 log UFC mL <->1, decaindo para 4,02 e 3,97 log UFC mL <->1 nas fases entéricas I e II, respectivamente. Os sucos contendo L. rhamnosus GG e L. plantarum LP299 foram avaliados sensorialmente, apresentando boa aceitabilidade. Os resultados de viabilidade e resistência ao trato gastrointestinal simulado in vitro sugerem que o suco tropical de manga é uma ótima matriz carreadora de L. rhamnosus GG e L. plantarum LP 299v, sendo bem aceitos e, portanto, uma alternativa para a população que apresenta restrições na dieta.(AU)
Assuntos
Probióticos/análise , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/microbiologia , Mangifera/microbiologia , Viabilidade Microbiana , Trato Gastrointestinal , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus plantarum , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Técnicas In VitroRESUMO
This study evaluated the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05, Lactobacillus plantarum LP299v and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in tropical mango juice, the resistance of the strains to gastrointestinal conditions simulated in vitro and the microbiological, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the products obtained. The viabilities of L. rhamnosus GG and L. plantarum LP299v were greater than 7.96 log CFU mL
Este estudo avaliou a viabilidade de Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05, Lactobacillus plantarum LP299v e Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG em suco tropical de manga, a resistência das estirpes às condições gastrointestinais simuladas em ensaio in vitro e as características microbiológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais dos produtos obtidos. A viabilidade de L. rhamnosus GG e L. plantarum LP299v foi superior a 7,96 log UFC mL
Assuntos
Mangifera/microbiologia , Probióticos/análise , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/microbiologia , Trato Gastrointestinal , Viabilidade Microbiana , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus plantarum , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Técnicas In VitroRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Borojoa sorbilis (Ducke) is an Amazonian species with edible fruits that are widely consumed by the local population, but little studied and not yet economically explored. Thus the aim of this study was to describe the chemical composition, volatile compounds, nutritional aspects and antioxidant activity of the fruit pulp and peel of B. sorbilis. RESULTS: Headspace solid-phase microextraction, using polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB) fiber, resulted in the identification of 59 substances in the pulp and peel of B. sorbilis fruits after analysis of the chromatograms obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using polar and nonpolar columns. Esters were the most abundant. Moisture, lipids, protein, dietary fiber, ash, carbohydrate, total energy value, titratable acid, soluble solids and pH were measured. Protein amount, fat content and antioxidant activity were low in both pulp and peel. Carbohydrate content was 179.2 and 134.9 g kg-1 in pulp and peel, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the chemical characteristics, flavor and nutritional aspects of B. sorbilis fruit, which is essential to its economic exploitation. The high energy value associated with the carbohydrate content, plus the low fat content, contribute to a possible use of B. sorbilis fruits as a food supplement. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Frutas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Rubiaceae/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Brasil , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
The expansion of the genetic base of cultivated materials is an ongoing activity of the cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) breeding program. However, the parents involved need to be genotypically and phenotypically characterized to ensure compatibility of crossings, as well as to assist in the selection of more promising individuals for hybridization. This study aimed to identify and select T. grandiflorum clones that are compatible and genetically divergent using tools such as the estimates of genotypic, phenotypic, and combined distances, as well as the compatibility rates among clones. The genetic distance analysis of the clones was performed with 14 heterologous microsatellite primers of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) that amplify the DNA of cupuassu. Phenotypic characterization was based on 14 variables related to fruit production. The joint dissimilarity matrix was obtained by means of the sum of the phenotypic and molecular dissimilarity matrices. The intra- and inter-clonal compatibility was estimated through controlled crossings. A low correlation was noted between the dissimilarity matrices based on the molecular and agronomic data. As for compatibility, all clones were self-incompatible, with different compatibility rates when crossed. The compatibility index was strongly influenced by the degree of relationship of the clones. It was possible to identify and select the most promising sets of cupuassu clones to be used in breeding programs, despite their genetic relationship.(AU)
A ampliação da base genética dos materiais de cultivo é trabalho contínuo do programa de melhoramento genético do cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum). Há necessidade, entretanto, que os parentais envolvidos estejam caracterizados fenotípica e genotipicamente, para auxiliar na escolha dos indivíduos que serão hibridizados, bem como para garantir os mecanismos de rastreabilidade e proteção das cultivares. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e selecionar clones de cupuaçuzeiro inter-compatíveis e geneticamente divergentes, utilizando como ferramentas as distâncias genotípica, fenotípica e combinada mistas, assim como as taxas de compatibilidade entre os clones. Estimativas das distâncias genéticas entre os clones foram realizadas com base em 14 iniciadores microssatélites heterólogos de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao) que amplificam o DNA do cupuaçuzeiro. Para a caracterização fenotípica foram empregadas 14 variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos. A matriz de dissimilaridade conjunta foi obtida por meio da soma das matrizes de dissimilaridade fenotípica e molecular. A compatibilidade intra e inter-clonal foi estimada através de cruzamentos controlados. Houve uma baixa correlação entre as matrizes de dissimilaridade com base nos dados moleculares e agronômicos. Quanto à compatibilidade, todos os clones foram auto-incompatíveis, contudo, compatíveis entre si, com diferentes taxas. O índice de compatibilidade foi fortemente influenciado pelo grau de relacionamento dos clones. Foi possível identificar e selecionar os conjuntos de clones de cupuaçuzeiro mais promissores para ser usados em melhoramento genético, apesar da ocorrência de relação genética entre eles.(AU)
Assuntos
Malvaceae/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal/métodos , Fenótipo , Variação GenéticaRESUMO
ABSTRACT The expansion of the genetic base of cultivated materials is an ongoing activity of the cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) breeding program. However, the parents involved need to be genotypically and phenotypically characterized to ensure compatibility of crossings, as well as to assist in the selection of more promising individuals for hybridization. This study aimed to identify and select T. grandiflorum clones that are compatible and genetically divergent using tools such as the estimates of genotypic, phenotypic, and combined distances, as well as the compatibility rates among clones. The genetic distance analysis of the clones was performed with 14 heterologous microsatellite primers of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) that amplify the DNA of cupuassu. Phenotypic characterization was based on 14 variables related to fruit production. The joint dissimilarity matrix was obtained by means of the sum of the phenotypic and molecular dissimilarity matrices. The intra- and inter-clonal compatibility was estimated through controlled crossings. A low correlation was noted between the dissimilarity matrices based on the molecular and agronomic data. As for compatibility, all clones were self-incompatible, with different compatibility rates when crossed. The compatibility index was strongly influenced by the degree of relationship of the clones. It was possible to identify and select the most promising sets of cupuassu clones to be used in breeding programs, despite their genetic relationship.
RESUMO A ampliação da base genética dos materiais de cultivo é trabalho contínuo do programa de melhoramento genético do cupuaçuzeiro (Theobroma grandiflorum). Há necessidade, entretanto, que os parentais envolvidos estejam caracterizados fenotípica e genotipicamente, para auxiliar na escolha dos indivíduos que serão hibridizados, bem como para garantir os mecanismos de rastreabilidade e proteção das cultivares. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e selecionar clones de cupuaçuzeiro inter-compatíveis e geneticamente divergentes, utilizando como ferramentas as distâncias genotípica, fenotípica e combinada mistas, assim como as taxas de compatibilidade entre os clones. Estimativas das distâncias genéticas entre os clones foram realizadas com base em 14 iniciadores microssatélites heterólogos de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao) que amplificam o DNA do cupuaçuzeiro. Para a caracterização fenotípica foram empregadas 14 variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos. A matriz de dissimilaridade conjunta foi obtida por meio da soma das matrizes de dissimilaridade fenotípica e molecular. A compatibilidade intra e inter-clonal foi estimada através de cruzamentos controlados. Houve uma baixa correlação entre as matrizes de dissimilaridade com base nos dados moleculares e agronômicos. Quanto à compatibilidade, todos os clones foram auto-incompatíveis, contudo, compatíveis entre si, com diferentes taxas. O índice de compatibilidade foi fortemente influenciado pelo grau de relacionamento dos clones. Foi possível identificar e selecionar os conjuntos de clones de cupuaçuzeiro mais promissores para ser usados em melhoramento genético, apesar da ocorrência de relação genética entre eles.