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BACKGROUND: Cleft lip and palate is an anomaly that affects both women and men. It is considered to be among the most frequent congenital abnormalities and is related to modifications in chromosomal DNA and multiple genetic alterations. This anomaly can also be associated with various environmental factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, medication use, and exposure to different environmental and industrial toxic substances. The objective of this study was to document the frequency of risk factors related to cleft lip and palate through a systematic review of Mexican studies. METHODS: In this systematic review, a bibliographic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in the databases Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and EBSCO. Keywords related to cleft lip and palate, epidemiology, and risk factors were used. In all, 3 independent reviewers (J.A.S.L., S.L.V., and N.M.F.) selected and evaluated a total of 17 articles included in this analysis, achieving a coefficient of κ = 0.84. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that the highest frequency of conducted studies was in the State of Mexico. The most common risk factors identified were environmental, pharmacological, consumption habits, and gynecological factors. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying the main risk factors for cleft lip and palate in the Mexican population will enable the implementation of preventive measures aimed at reducing exposure to these factors. Additionally, early intervention can improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.
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Euphorbiaceae is a family of dicotyledonous angiosperm plants that occur mainly in the tropics and produce a variety of secondary metabolites. Given the abundance of the Euphorbiaceae species and the diversity of substances they produce, this study aims to investigate paten documents concerning inventions and models involving the pharmacological use of these species, contributing to the study of their medicinal potential. The present review delves into patent documents in the Patentscope database, from the application of search criteria, such as "simple search" with the "Euphorbiaceae" keyword, limited to the front page, with stemming, without language limitation, from any patent office, and excluding non-patent literature (NPL). The selected patents were prevalently published in East Asian offices between 1998 and 2023, including 41 species of Euphorbiaceae of 19 genera, with 31 metabolites represented. The collected metabolites predominantly exhibited anti-tumoral (N = 21), anti-inflammatory (N = 10), antioxidant (N = 7), and anti-bacterial (N = 6) activities. Additionally, some substances have shown valid properties for treating non-communicable diseases (N = 8). The patents demonstrate the biotechnological potential of species from the Euphorbiaceae family, which are exceptionally satile regarding their applications in the health sector. However, the small number of patents that identify specific metabolites hinders a more thorough investigation of the activities of the products extracted from these species.
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As intoxicações configuram-se como problema de saúde pública em âmbito mundial. No Brasil, estima-se que 33% dos casos de intoxicação medicamentosa pertençam ao grupo de crianças menores de nove anos de idade. Analisar as notificações compulsórias por intoxicação em crianças de zero a nove anos no Estado do Paraná, entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Por meio de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, referente aos casos de notificação por intoxicação em crianças no Estado do Paraná, no período de 2016 a 2020. Realizado análise descritiva e distribuição espacial dos dados. Por se tratar de dados secundários o estudo dispensou apreciação ética. Foram notificados 8.595 casos de intoxicação em crianças no período em estudo. Houve predominância da faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos (73,5 %), sexo masculino (54,9%) e da cor branca (73,1%). Os agentes tóxicos mais frequentes foram os medicamentos (45%) e os produtos de uso domiciliar (20,5%). Quanto ao tipo de exposição foi a aguda-repetida (93,6%), em que o desfecho foi cura sem sequela (94,8%). Os casos de intoxicações estão relacionados às crianças nas fases iniciais de vida, destacando que muitos acidentes podem ser evitados por meio de boas práticas de armazenamento de produtos.
Intoxications constitute a worldwide public health issue. In Brazil, it is estimated that 33% of drug intoxication cases belong to children under nine years of age. This study aimed to analyze compulsory notifications of intoxication in children aged zero to nine years in the State of Paraná between the years 2016 and 2020. Using an epidemiological, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, the cases of notification due to child intoxication in the State of Paraná were examined from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive analysis and spatial distribution of the data were performed. As the study involved secondary data, ethical approval was not required. A total of 8,595 cases of child intoxication were reported during the study period. The age group of 1 to 4 years predominated (73.5%), as well as male gender (54.9%) and white ethnicity (73.1%). The most frequent toxic agents were medications (45%) and household products (20.5%). Regarding the type of exposure, acute-repeated exposure (93.6%) was the most common, with an outcome of cure without sequelae (94.8%). Cases of intoxication are linked to children in the early stages of life, emphasizing that many accidents can be prevented through proper product storage practices.
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La ataxia es una alteración de la coordinación motora voluntaria y del control postural. Es una entidad poco frecuente en la infancia, siendo la principal causa de ataxia aguda descripta en la bibliografía, de origen inmunológico (post infecciosa), seguida de las intoxicaciones. Para el diagnóstico es fundamental una anamnesis detallada, cronología de los síntomas, antecedentes infecciosos o de contacto con sustancias tóxicas y un examen neurológico completo. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar retrospectivamente la causa de ataxia aguda como signo neurológico predominante en pacientes que consultaron en el Hospital Juan P. Garrahan. Diseño: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo y de corte transversal. Población: niños de 1 a 18 años, con o sin patología previa conocida, que consultaron al servicio de emergencias del hospital por ataxia entre enero de 2013 y octubre de 2018. Método: recolección y análisis de historias clínicas comprendidas en esa fecha, con alteración en la marcha como síntoma de consulta. Resultados: de un total de 237 pacientes, la causa más frecuente de ataxia aguda fue la inmunológica (incluyendo en este grupo a las postinfecciosas y a las no asociadas a infección). Conclusión: En nuestro hospital con tercer nivel de atención, la causa más frecuente de ataxia aguda fue la inmunológica. En segundo lugar, las intoxicaciones y, en tercer lugar, las enfermedades neurológicas. (AU)
Ataxia is a disorder of voluntary motor coordination and postural control, which is rare in childhood. The main cause of acute ataxia described in the literature is immune-mediated inflammation (postinfectious), followed by intoxication. A detailed anamnesis, chronology of symptoms, history of infection or contact with toxic substances, and a complete neurological examination are essential in the diagnostic work-up. The aim of our study was to retrospectively analyze the cause of acute ataxia as a predominant neurological sign in patients who consulted at Hospital Juan P. Garrahan. Study design: A descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. Study population: children aged 1 to 18 years, with or without known previous disease, who presented to the hospital emergency department for ataxia between January 2013 and October 2018. Method: collection and analysis of medical records from that period of patients with gait disturbance as the reason for consultation. Results: out of a total of 237 patients, the most frequent cause of acute ataxia was immune-mediated inflammation (both post-infectious and noninfectious). Conclusion: In our tertiary care hospital, the most frequent cause of acute ataxia was immune-mediated inflammation. The second most frequent cause was intoxication and the third neurological diseases (AU)
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Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Ataxia/diagnóstico , Ataxia/etiologia , Ataxia/induzido quimicamente , Exame Neurológico , Doença Aguda , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
Resumo Introdução A intoxicação exógena é um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Objetivo Analisar os casos de intoxicação por metais na população do estado do Paraná e estimar a taxa de prevalência, bem como os fatores associados. Método Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com base nas intoxicações notificadas no período de 2007 a 2015. Resultados foram identificados 117 casos de intoxicação por metais e estimada uma prevalência de 1,2 caso por milhão de habitantes, com predomínio de casos no macrorregional norte da saúde. Com relação aos agentes tóxicos, mercúrio (41%) e chumbo (40,2%) foram confirmados como os mais frequentes. Dentre esses casos, houve predomínio do sexo masculino (57,3%), na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos (55,6%), seguido da faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos (28,2%). Além disso, a residência e o local de trabalho foram destacados como locais de maior exposição, sendo relatados como acidentais em 70,1% dos casos, dos quais 41,9% necessitaram de cuidados hospitalares, 91% evoluíram para cura e houve um óbito. Conclusão A intoxicação por metais tem afetado principalmente crianças e trabalhadores, sugerindo medidas educativas e preventivas.
Abstract Background Exogenous intoxication is an important public health problem in Brazil. Objective Analyze cases of metal poisoning in the population of Paraná state and estimate the prevalence rate, as well as the associated factors. Method A descriptive study based on intoxications that were reported from 2007 to 2015 was performed. Results 117 cases of metal poisoning were identified and a prevalence rate of 1.2 cases per million inhabitants was estimated, with a predominance of cases on the northern health macro-regional complex. With respect to toxic agents, mercury (41%) and lead (40.2%) were confirmed as the most frequent ones. Among these cases, there was a predominance of males (57.3%), aged between 20 and 59 years old (55.6%), followed by the age group from 1 to 4 years old (28.2%). In addition, the residence and work place were highlighted as places of greatest exposure, being reported as accidental one in 70.1% of the cases, of which 41.9% required hospital cares, 91% evolved to cure and there was one death. Conclusion The metal poisoning has affected mainly children and workers, suggesting educational and preventive measures.
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Introducción: Las intoxicaciones por accidentes constituyen causas crecientes de morbilidad, hospitalización, invalidez e incluso mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos en niños y adolescentes con intoxicaciones agudas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo en niños y adolescentes ingresados por intoxicación exógena en los servicios de Atención Continuada a pacientes en estado grave y de Misceláneas del Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Dr. Antonio María Béguez César de Santiago de Cuba, de enero del 2016 a igual mes del 2018. Resultados: Las intoxicaciones presentaron una elevada incidencia en el grupo etario de 15-18 años (61,7 %) y en el sexo femenino (85,1 %); la mayoría se produjo de modo voluntario (85,1 %), principalmente en el hogar (84,1 %) y con predominio de los medicamentos como agente causal (86,9 %). La evolución clínica resultó ser satisfactoria en 68,2 % de los pacientes; en el resto no fue así debido a la aparición de complicaciones, sobre todo de gastritis medicamentosa (30,8 %). Conclusiones: Las intoxicaciones en la infancia y la adolescencia son una causa importante de morbilidad luego de las infecciones respiratorias, y constituyen un motivo usual de urgencia médica en los hospitales pediátricos.
Introduction: Poisonings due to accidents are increasing causes of morbidity, hospitalization, disability and even mortality. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects in children with acute intoxications. Method: An observational, descriptive and prospective study was carried out in children and adolescent patients admitted with the diagnosis of exogenous intoxication in the services of Continuous Care to severely ill and Miscellaneous patients from Dr. Antonio María Béguez César Southern Pediatric Teaching Hospital, in Santiago de Cuba from January, 2016 to January, 2018. Results: Poisoning had a high incidence in the 15 - 18 years group (61,7 %) and in the female sex (85,1 %); most of them took place voluntarily (85,1 %), mainly at home (84,1 %) and with predominance of drugs as causal agent (86,9 %). Clinical course was satisfactory in 68,2 % of the patients; it was not the same in the rest due to the emergence of complications, above all due to drug gastritis (30,8 %) Conclusions: Poisoning in childhood and adolescence is an important cause of morbidity, after the respiratory infections, and constitute an usual reason of medical emergencies in pediatric hospitals.
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Intoxicação/prevenção & controle , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Hospitais Pediátricos , Criança , Adolescente , Serviços Médicos de EmergênciaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La intoxicación aguda por plaguicidas, asociada al suicidio, es un problema de salud pública cuyo estudio es primordial por los organismos estatales. Objetivo: Establecer la relación de intencionalidad en pacientes con intoxicación aguda por plaguicidas, junto a la descripción de algunas características sociodemográficas y de exposición registrados en un hospital de Ibagué desde 2013 a 2016. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo en 137 registros notificados con intoxicación aguda por plaguicida según los códigos del CIE 10. Desarrollo de análisis estadístico descriptivo y estratificado para encontrar la asociación de características con la intencionalidad de la intoxicación. Resultados: El 50% de los casos correspondían a personas menores de 20 años; el 79,6% de las intoxicaciones tenían fines suicidas y se observó que el 45% realizaron un intento de suicidio previo; un nivel educativo alto correspondió a un bajo riesgo de envenenamiento intencional [OR=0,05; IC95% (0,01-0,56); p=0,01]. Conclusiones: Es necesaria la cooperación entre las autoridades en salud e instituciones públicas para implementar medidas de control y demás estrategias que prevengan las intoxicaciones con plaguicidas, particularmente la exposición voluntaria asociada al suicidio, fenómeno creciente en esta ciudad.
Abstract Introduction: Acute pesticide poisoning associated with suicide is a public health problem that requires special attention by state agencies. Objective: To establish the relationship of patient's intent with acute pesticide poisoning and describe some sociodemographic and exposure characteristics registered by a hospital in Ibagué (Colombia), from 2013 to 2016. Materials and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study was conducted on 137 reports of acute pesticide poisoning that were registered according to ICD 10 codes. A descriptive and stratified statistical analysis was applied to establish the association between characteristics of poisoning intentionality. Results: 50% of the cases corresponded to people who were under 20 years of age. 79.6% of the poisonings were due to suicide attempt and 45% had had a previous attempt. A high educational level corresponded to a lower risk of intentional poisoning [OR=0.05; IC95% (0.01-0.56); p=0.01]. Conclusions: Cooperation between health care authorities and public institutions is necessary to implement measures and strategies in order to prevent acute pesticide poisoning events, especially those associated with suicide attempts, the frequency of which is growing in this city.
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Praguicidas , Substâncias Tóxicas , Compostos Organofosforados , Tentativa de Suicídio , Inibidores da ColinesteraseRESUMO
Intoxications represent a serious public health problem. According to the World Health Organization, 193,000 deaths per year are caused by unintended intoxications worldwide. This study aims to know the profile of intoxications at the 24-hour Emergency Service Unit in Divinópolis, in the state of Minas Gerais. This is a descriptive study in which the study population chosen were all patients treated for intoxications in the period from 2017 to 2018, registered in the health service; 421 cases of intoxications were recorded. The female gender was the most prevalent, and the age group with the most cases was 21 to 30 years. The main circumstance found was attempted suicide (83.1%), and the main causative agent was drugs (76.5%), with benzodiazepines being the main class responsible for intoxications. The most used treatment was gastric lavage and activated charcoal. This study demonstrates that knowledge about the city's intoxication profile is important for the development of treatment and patient management methods to better suit the demands of the municipality.
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Análise de MediaçãoRESUMO
Introducción: Actualmente, el suicidio es un problema de salud que constituye la tercera causa de muerte a nivel mundial en los adolescentes entre 11 y 18 años, y en Cuba es la cuarta causa de muerte en las edades de 10 a 19 años. Los métodos empleados para cometer el intento de suicidio y el suicidio están en dependencia de su disponibilidad, el acceso que la persona tenga a un método particular, el antecedente familiar que tenga del uso de uno u otros métodos, entre otros. Objetivo: Identificar el método utilizado para cometer el intento de suicidio y el suicidio en adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, que forma parte de varias tareas incluidas en el Proyecto de investigación Estrategia de prevención de la conducta suicida en adolescentes de provincias seleccionadas, que duró 10 años. Resultados: Los métodos empleados fueron consumo de psicofármacos y los tóxicos para los intento de suicidio y en los casos de suicidios, fueron, prioritariamente, ahorcamiento e incineración. Las sustancias mayormente empleadas fueron: herbicidas y lociones de uso externo para la piel. Conclusiones: Los métodos empleados que predominaron para los intentos de suicidio fueron los psicofármacos y tóxicos, y el ahorcamiento e incineración para el suicidio, lo que pudiera estar en correspondencia con la disponibilidad de los mismos(AU)
Introduction: Suicide is a current health problem constituting the third leading cause of death worldwide among 11-18-year-old teenagers. In Cuba it is the fourth leading cause of death in the 10-19 years age group. The methods used to commit a suicide attempt or suicide depend on their availability, the person's access to a given method, and family antecedents of the use of one method or another, among others. Objective: Identify the methods used by teenagers to commit attempted or actual suicide. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted as part of the various tasks included in the research project Strategy to prevent suicidal behavior among teenagers from selected provinces, which was developed for ten years. Results: The methods used in suicide attempts were the intake of psycholeptics and toxic substances, whereas the methods used for actual suicide were mainly hanging and burning. The most common substances were herbicides and topical skin lotions. Conclusions: The methods most frequently used were the intake of psycholeptics and toxic substances for suicide attempts and hanging and burning for suicide. This could be associated to the availability of resources required to commit the act(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Suicídio , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , CubaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess, in vitro, the influence on cytotoxicity of heat treatment applied before photopolymerization, while mixing three self-adhesive resin cements, in an NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell culture, based on cell viability measures. METHODS: Samples were divided into three groups: (1) no heat treatment while mixing (control), (2) 37°C, and (3) 60°C heat treatment while mixing. Cements were light-cured immediately after mixing and immersed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media for the extraction of possibly uncured products after 24 h and 7 days. Cultures contained 0.5 mL of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts per well at a concentration of 0.4 × 105 cells/mL and specific extracts for each sample. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls (significance of 5%). RESULTS: Cement cytotoxicity increased with time, as shown by the higher values observed at 7 days. There was a slight difference in intragroup cytotoxicity levels between 24 h and 7 days. Heat treatment at 60°C was associated with a major decrease in cytotoxicity levels in all three groups, both at 24 h and at 7 days, with no differences among the cements. CONCLUSIONS: Heat treatment at 60°C should be considered as a strategy to reduce cytotoxicity of self-adhesive resin cements, as evidenced by the results observed at 24 h and 7 days of analysis.
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La dignidad humana se reconoce como el principio ético básico que fundamenta la forma de gobierno democrática adoptada constitucionalmente en Paraguay. Este principio se entiende como autonomía o como posibilidad de diseñar un plan vital y de determinarse según características propias, requiere de ciertas condiciones materiales concretas de existencia y exige protección de la integridad física e integridad moral. Desde esta perspectiva, se reflexiona, a partir del análisis de estudios sobre poblaciones expuestas a sustancias tóxicas en diferentes contextos, acerca de la vida posible de dichas poblaciones, condicionada por la vulneración de derechos básicos, situación que plantea desafíos para promover una educación para la paz desde dichas realidades.
Human dignity is recognized as the basic ethical principle that underlies the form of democratic government constitutionally adopted in Paraguay. This principle is understood as autonomy or as the possibility to design a life plan and to determine one's own choices according to one's own characteristics. It requires certain basic material conditions of existence, which include the protection of an individual's physical and moral integrity. Based on this perspective, we reflect about the possible life of populations exposed to toxic substances, using analyses of overpopulation studies exposed to toxic substances in different contexts, conditioned by the violation of basic human rights, a reality that poses challenges in the promotion of education towards a peaceful existence.
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Thirteen Jamaican-grown food crops - ackee (Blighia sapida), banana (Musa acuminate), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), carrot (Daucus carota), cassava (Manihot esculenta), coco (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), dasheen (Colocasia esculenta), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and turnip (Brassica rapa) - were analysed for aluminium, arsenic, cadmium and lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. The fresh weight mean concentrations in these food crops (4.25-93.12 mg/kg for aluminium; 0.001-0.104 mg/kg for arsenic; 0.015-0.420 mg/kg for cadmium; 0.003-0.100 mg/kg for lead) were used to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) and target cancer risk (TCR) for arsenic, associated with dietary exposure to these potentially toxic elements. Each food type had a THQ and HI < 1 indicating no undue non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to a single or multiple potentially toxic elements from the same food. The TCR for arsenic in these foods were all below 1 × 10-4, the upper limit used for acceptable cancer risk. There is no significant health risk to the consumer associated with the consumption of these Jamaican-grown food crops.
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Several ongoing international multidisciplinary projects have examined linkages between environmental chemicals and health. In contrast to Arctic regions, information for the Southern Hemisphere is scarce. Because of the inherent practice of pesticide utilisation and mismanagement, food security is potentially threatened. The most vulnerable period in human life occurs during pregnancy and early childhood, thus a focus on the body burdens of PTS in pregnant or delivering women is warranted. The current study was designed to investigate health risks related to exposure to PTS and food security in two regions of Argentina (Ushuaia and Salta). Our aims were to quantify concentrations of organic and inorganic toxins in serum or whole blood of delivering women and to collect pertinent dietary and medical information. The overall study design, the basic demographic features and essential clinical chemistry findings are described in the current paper. The socioeconomic differences between the two study areas were evident. On average, the women in Ushuaia were 4 years older than those in Salta (28.8 vs. 24.7 years). Respectively, the proportion of current smokers was 4.5 vs. 9.6%; and Salta had a higher birth rate, with 15.6% being para four or more. Saltanean women reported longer breastfeeding periods. Caesarean sections were more frequent in Ushuaia, with 43% of Caesarean deliveries compared with only 6% in Salta. Employment was high in both communities. Recognised environmental pollution sources in the vicinity of participant dwellings were widespread in Salta (56.1%) compared to Ushuaia (9%). The use of pesticides for insect control in homes was most common in Salta (80%). There is an urgent need for a comprehensive assessment of exposures in areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Our data set and the planned publications of observed concentrations of inorganic and organic environmental contaminants in both mothers and their newborns will contribute to this objective.
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Exposição Ambiental , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Abastecimento de Alimentos , Substâncias Perigosas/análise , Adulto , Regiões Antárticas , Argentina , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Aleitamento Materno/etnologia , Culinária/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Poluentes Ambientais/urina , Feminino , Substâncias Perigosas/sangue , Substâncias Perigosas/urina , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estilo de Vida , Gravidez , Projetos de Pesquisa , Características de Residência , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivos: Identificar necesidades educativas sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual en adolescentes del municipio La Habana Vieja. Métodos: Se conformaron grupos pareados. Se definió como grupo estudio todos los adolescentes diagnosticados con alguna ITS durante el 2013 (n= 110) y el grupo control se conformó con adolescentes no diagnosticados con ITS en el mismo período y que tuvieran las mismas características en cuanto a edad, sexo, grado escolar, consejo popular de residencia y área de salud donde reciben atención. Resultados: Los conocimientos sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual y su prevención resultaron insuficientes. La frecuencia en que se presentaron las actitudes protectoras fue baja. Los sentimientos afectivos y los valores se tuvieron poco en cuenta en las prácticas de sexualidad. La edad promedio de inicio de las relaciones sexuales fue 12 años para ambos sexos. Se encontró una baja percepción de riesgo. Conclusiones: Se identificaron las necesidades educativas sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual y su prevención. Se comprobó que ambos grupos eran homogéneos respecto a las necesidades educativas identificadas(AU)
Objectives: To identify educational requirements of adolescents from Old Havana municipality in relation sexually transmitted diseases. Methods: Paired groups were formed. All adolescents diagnosed with some STI during 2013 (n= 110) were defined as the study group and the adolescents with no diagnosis of sexually-transmitted disease made up the control group in the same period and who had the same characteristics in terms of age, sex, educational level, area of residence and health area where they receive medical assistance. Results: Knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and their prevention was not broad. The frequency of protective attitudes was low. Emotional feelings and moral values were almost ignored in sexual practice. The average age of onset of sexual intercourse was 12 years for both sexes. A low perception of risk was found. Conclusions: The educational requirements about sexually transmitted infections and their prevention are considered. Both groups are homogeneous with respect to the identified educational requirements(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Condições Sociais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/etiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controle , CubaRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar as formas utilizadas para tentativa de suicídio e características sociodemográficas de pacientes atendidos no serviço de emergência de um hospital de ensino. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal retrospectivo, com busca ativa em prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes atendidos entre janeiro e dezembro de 2015 no serviço de emergência de um hospital de ensino, que integra a rede pública de saúde do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram incluídos todos os casos de tentativa de suicídio, independente de sua forma. Não foram investigados os casos que resultaram em óbito por suicídio. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e foram avaliadas associações por análise univariada, sendo aplicado o teste do quiquadrado de Pearson. RESULTADOS: No período estudado foram encaminhados 233 pacientes atendidos na emergência para realização de avaliação psiquiátrica, sendo 122 casos caracterizados por tentativa de suicídio. Desses, a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 36,8±14,3 anos, com mínima de 14 e máxima de 88 anos e, 74 (60,6%) eram do sexo feminino. As formas mais utilizadas de tentativa de suicídio foram ingesta de medicamentos (72 casos, 59%) e ingesta de agrotóxicos (14 casos, 11,5%). Do total de pacientes, 119 (97,5%) residiam no município de Santa Cruz do Sul, com predominância nos moradores da zona urbana (103 pacientes, 84,4%). Dos 50 (41,0%) encaminhamentos, 32 (64,0%) foram para o Centro de Atendimento Psicossocial, 7 (14%) para Centro de Atendimento Psicossocial da Infância e Adolescência, 6 (12%) para internação em unidade de saúde mental e 5 (10%) para o Centro de Atendimento Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas. Em 66 (54,1%) pacientes não foi encontrado nenhum registro em prontuário eletrônico sobre o desfecho após a alta e 6 (4,9%) pacientes evadiram. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos pacientes atendidos por tentativa de suicídio foram adultos jovens do sexo feminino. Como principal forma utilizada para a tentativa de suicídio identificou-se a ingesta de medicamentos e em seguida a de agrotóxicos.
AIMS: To describe the methods used in suicide attempts and sociodemographic characteristics of suicidal patients treated at the emergency department of a teaching hospital. METHODS: Observational and descriptive study, with active search for electronic medical records of patients treated at the emergency department of a public teaching hospital in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from January to December 2015. All cases of suicide attempt were included, regardless of the suicide methods used. Successful suicide cases were not investigated. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 233 patients treated at the emergency department were referred for psychiatric evaluation, and 122 of them had attempted suicide. The mean age of the suicidal patients was 36.8±14.3 years, (minimum of 14 years and maximum of 88 years) and 74 (60.6%) of them were female. The most common suicide attempt methods were ingestion of medications (72 cases, 59%) and of pesticide (14 cases, 11.5%). Of all patients, 119 (97.5%) lived in Santa Cruz do Sul, predominantly in the urban area (103 patients, 84.4%). Of the 50 (41.0%) referrals, 32 (64.0%) were sent to the Center for Psychosocial Care, 7 (14%) to the Center for Children's and Adolescents' Psychosocial Care, 6 (12%) were admitted to a mental health unit, and 5 (10%) were sent to Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Sixty-six (54.1%) patients had no electronic medical records of their outcome after discharge and 6 (4.9%) were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the treated suicidal patients were young adult females. The most common method of suicide attempt was the ingestion of medications, followed by the ingestion of pesticides.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Tentativa de Suicídio , Suicídio , Substâncias Tóxicas , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hospitais de EnsinoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: descrever o perfil das intoxicações que levaram à internação de crianças cadastradas no Centro de Controle de Intoxicações do Hospital Universitário Regional de Maringá no período de 2006 a 2011. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, com dados secundários das fichas de Ocorrência Toxicológica (OT) referentes a vítimas de intoxicação na idade de zero a 14 anos, internadas por um período mínimo de 12 horas. RESULTADOS: foram registradas 694 internações por intoxicação, sendo os medicamentos os principais responsáveis (42,4%); a maioria das internações ocorreu na faixa etária de um a quatro anos (66,7%); o sexo masculino apresentou maior número de internações, em todas as faixas etárias; e a maioria das intoxicações ocorreu no período da manhã (55,6%). CONCLUSÃO: os medicamentos foram o principal agente causador de intoxicações; entre as vítimas internadas, predominaram crianças de menor idade e do sexo masculino.
OBJECTIVE: to describe the profile of poisoning leading to children's hospitalizations, as registered at the Maringá Regional University Hospital Poisoning Control Center in the period 2006 to 2011. METHODS: this was a descriptive epidemiological study using secondary data from Intoxication Incident Report Forms, involving poisoned children aged between 0 and 14 years, hospitalized for at least 12 hours. RESULTS: 694 hospitalizations due to poisoning were registered, with medication poisoning accounting for 42.4% of cases; the 1-4 age group was the most affected (66.7%); males accounted for a higher number of hospital admissions in all age groups; most poisoning cases occurred in the morning (55.6%). CONCLUSION: medication was the main cause of poisoning; younger children and males were predominant among hospitalized victims.
OBJETIVO: describir el perfil de las intoxicaciones que llevaron a la internación de niños, registradas en el Centro de Control por Envenenamiento del Hospital Universitario Regional de Maringá en el periodo de 2006-2011. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo con datos secundarios obtenidas de las fichas de Ocurrencia Toxicología (OT), referentes a víctimas de intoxicación en niños entre cero y 14 años, hospitalizados por un mínimo de 12 horas. RESULTADOS: fueron 694 hospitalizaciones por intoxicación, siendo los fármacos los principales responsables (42,4%); el grupo de edad de uno a cuatro años fue el más afectado (66,7%); los hombres tuvieron un mayor número de hospitalizaciones en todos los grupos etarios; la mayoría de casos fue en la mañana (55,6%). CONCLUSIÓN: las drogas fueron la principal causa de intoxicación; entre las víctimas hospitalizadas predominaron niños más pequeños y de sexo masculino.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Acidentes Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/administração & dosagem , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Abstract Great response variability caused by genetic and/or environmental factors has been observed among organisms exposed to hazardous chemicals. This subject has been a topic of intense discussion in the USA since President Obama announced support for an “era of precision medicine”, which consists in the inclusion of genetic data of patients in the treatment design, imposing a new approach to risk assessment. Personalized evaluation must consider the phenotypic factors of an individual. Among the markers that have been developed to evaluate any alteration in the structure or function of organisms, biomarkers of susceptibility are of great importance because they indicate the natural characteristics of a given organism which make it more sensitive to a specific adverse effect or disease, or more responsive to exposure to a specific chemical/drug. The ‘-omics’ technologies provide an insight into the relationship between chemical effects and molecular mechanisms of action. These technologies are the pillars for a personalized toxicology and precision medicine. Predictive toxicology requires a more comprehensive knowledge on specific individual factors or susceptibilities predisposing to diseases, enabling personalized risk assessment and adequate medical treatment.
Resumo Há uma grande variabilidade nas respostas observadas entre os organismos expostos a uma substância química perigosa. Essa variabilidade é causada por causas genéticas e / ou ambientais. Esse assunto tem sido intensamente discutido, mesmo nos Estados Unidos, desde que o presidente Obama anunciou o apoio a uma “era da medicina de precisão”, a qual consiste na inclusão de dados genéticos do paciente no projeto do tratamento, impondo uma nova abordagem para avaliação de risco. A avaliação personalizada deve considerar fatores fenotípicos de um indivíduo. Entre os biomarcadores que foram desenvolvidos para avaliar qualquer alteração da estrutura ou função do organismo, os biomarcadores de susceptibilidade têm uma grande importância, uma vez que indicam as características naturais de um dado organismo, que o tornam mais sensíveis a um efeito ou doença adversa específica ou em resposta a uma determinada exposição. As tecnologias “ômicas” permitem a compreensão da relação entre os efeitos químicos e dos mecanismos moleculares de ação. Essas tecnologias “ômicas” são os pilares para a toxicologia personalizada e para a medicina de precisão. Toxicologia preditiva exige uma melhor compreensão dos fatores ou susceptibilidades individuais específicas predisponentes a doenças, permitindo uma avaliação de riscos personalizada e um tratamento médico adequado.
RESUMO
Introducción: el panorama mundial muestra un incremento de inadecuados comportamientos no saludables del adolescente, como el inicio de las relaciones sexuales tempranas, la alta incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual y el consumo de sustancias tóxicas. Todo esto pudiera estar influenciado por la presencia de factores relacionados con el medio en que se desarrollan los jóvenes, entre ellos el ambiente familiar y la comunidad.Objetivos: identificar necesidades educativas sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual y consumo de sustancias tóxicas en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años de edad residentes en La Habana Vieja, Cuba.Métodos: investigación cualitativa realizada en curso académico 2014-2015. Se evaluó la opinión de adolescentes mediante la realización de un grupo nominal. La información fue analizada y clasificada por los autores en unidades de significación.Resultados: se definieron cinco categorías: incrementar conocimientos sobre los riesgos para las infecciones de transmisión sexual, incrementar conocimientos sobre las prácticas de prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, recibir información sobre las consecuencias del consumo de sustancias tóxicas, actualizar e incrementar conocimientos sobre el uso adecuado del condón y cómo conversar sobre sexualidad y hábitos tóxicos en el hogar, la escuela y el barrio.Conclusiones: las categorías que obtuvieron la mayor puntuación y están en las primeras prioridades para el desarrollo de una estrategia de intervención educativa fueron: recibir información sobre las consecuencias del consumo de sustancias tóxicas, incrementar conocimientos sobre las prácticas de prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y cómo conversar sobre sexualidad y hábitos tóxicos en el hogar, la escuela y el barrio(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Substâncias Tóxicas , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Uso de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Uso de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Educação Sexual/métodos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Introducción: el panorama mundial muestra un incremento de inadecuados comportamientos no saludables del adolescente, como el inicio de las relaciones sexuales tempranas, la alta incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual y el consumo de sustancias tóxicas. Todo esto pudiera estar influenciado por la presencia de factores relacionados con el medio en que se desarrollan los jóvenes, entre ellos el ambiente familiar y la comunidad. Objetivos: identificar necesidades educativas sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual y consumo de sustancias tóxicas en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años de edad residentes en La Habana Vieja, Cuba. Métodos: investigación cualitativa realizada en curso académico 2014-2015. Se evaluó la opinión de adolescentes mediante la realización de un grupo nominal. La información fue analizada y clasificada por los autores en unidades de significación. Resultados: se definieron cinco categorías: incrementar conocimientos sobre los riesgos para las infecciones de transmisión sexual, incrementar conocimientos sobre las prácticas de prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, recibir información sobre las consecuencias del consumo de sustancias tóxicas, actualizar e incrementar conocimientos sobre el uso adecuado del condón y cómo conversar sobre sexualidad y hábitos tóxicos en el hogar, la escuela y el barrio. Conclusiones: las categorías que obtuvieron la mayor puntuación y están en las primeras prioridades para el desarrollo de una estrategia de intervención educativa fueron: recibir información sobre las consecuencias del consumo de sustancias tóxicas, incrementar conocimientos sobre las prácticas de prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y cómo conversar sobre sexualidad y hábitos tóxicos en el hogar, la escuela y el barrio(AU)
Introduction: The world panorama shows an increase in adolescents' unhealthy inadequate behaviors, such as starting sexual intercourse early, the high incidence of sexually transmitted infections and the consumption of toxic substances. All this might be influenced by the presence of factors related with the environment the adolescent are raised in, among them the family and community. Objective: To identify the educational needs about sexually transmitted infections and toxic substances consumption in adolescents at ages 12-15 years residents of the Old Havana Municipality (Cuba). Methods: Qualitative research carried out in the academic year 2014-2015. The adolescents' opinion was assessed by the realization of a nominal group. The information was analyzed and classified by the authors into signification units. Results: Fiver categories were defined: increasing knowledge about the risk for sexually transmitted infections, increasing knowledge about the practices for preventing sexually transmitted infections, receiving information about the consequences of toxic substances consumption, updating and increasing knowledge about the condom's adequate use, and how to talk about sexuality and toxic habits in the home, the school and the neighborhood. Conclusions: The categories that obtained the highest marking and among the first priorities for developing an educational intervention strategy were: receiving information about the consequences of toxic substances consumption, increasing knowledge about the practices for preventing sexually transmitted infections, and how to talk about sexuality and toxic habits in the home, the school and the neighborhood(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Educação Sexual/métodos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Uso de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Uso de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Substâncias Tóxicas , Pesquisa Qualitativa , CubaRESUMO
Introducción: el panorama mundial muestra un incremento de inadecuados comportamientos no saludables del adolescente, como el inicio de las relaciones sexuales tempranas, la alta incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual y el consumo de sustancias tóxicas. Todo esto pudiera estar influenciado por la presencia de factores relacionados con el medio en que se desarrollan los jóvenes, entre ellos el ambiente familiar y la comunidad. Objetivos: identificar necesidades educativas sobre infecciones de transmisión sexual y consumo de sustancias tóxicas en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años de edad residentes en La Habana Vieja, Cuba. Métodos: investigación cualitativa realizada en curso académico 2014-2015. Se evaluó la opinión de adolescentes mediante la realización de un grupo nominal. La información fue analizada y clasificada por los autores en unidades de significación. Resultados: se definieron cinco categorías: incrementar conocimientos sobre los riesgos para las infecciones de transmisión sexual, incrementar conocimientos sobre las prácticas de prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual, recibir información sobre las consecuencias del consumo de sustancias tóxicas, actualizar e incrementar conocimientos sobre el uso adecuado del condón y cómo conversar sobre sexualidad y hábitos tóxicos en el hogar, la escuela y el barrio. Conclusiones: las categorías que obtuvieron la mayor puntuación y están en las primeras prioridades para el desarrollo de una estrategia de intervención educativa fueron: recibir información sobre las consecuencias del consumo de sustancias tóxicas, incrementar conocimientos sobre las prácticas de prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y cómo conversar sobre sexualidad y hábitos tóxicos en el hogar, la escuela y el barrio(AU)
Introduction: The world panorama shows an increase in adolescents' unhealthy inadequate behaviors, such as starting sexual intercourse early, the high incidence of sexually transmitted infections and the consumption of toxic substances. All this might be influenced by the presence of factors related with the environment the adolescent are raised in, among them the family and community. Objective: To identify the educational needs about sexually transmitted infections and toxic substances consumption in adolescents at ages 12-15 years residents of the Old Havana Municipality (Cuba). Methods: Qualitative research carried out in the academic year 2014-2015. The adolescents' opinion was assessed by the realization of a nominal group. The information was analyzed and classified by the authors into signification units. Results: Fiver categories were defined: increasing knowledge about the risk for sexually transmitted infections, increasing knowledge about the practices for preventing sexually transmitted infections, receiving information about the consequences of toxic substances consumption, updating and increasing knowledge about the condom's adequate use, and how to talk about sexuality and toxic habits in the home, the school and the neighborhood. Conclusions: The categories that obtained the highest marking and among the first priorities for developing an educational intervention strategy were: receiving information about the consequences of toxic substances consumption, increasing knowledge about the practices for preventing sexually transmitted infections, and how to talk about sexuality and toxic habits in the home, the school and the neighborhood(AU)