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Introducción: La llegada a Cuba en el siglo XIX de los culíes contratados para realizar los trabajos agrícolas, conllevó la llegada de médicos chinos, practicantes de la medicina herbolaria. Objetivo: Caracterizar la vida y obra de dos médicos inmigrantes chinos del siglo XIX desde sus historias, quienes alcanzaron notoriedad en su época por sus comportamientos profesional y humano en la práctica de la Medicina, lejanos uno del otro en la Isla. Material y Métodos: Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de las publicaciones periódicas indexadas en las bases de datos SciELO y Google Académico; libros, artículos periodísticos y publicaciones periódicas de la época que se encuentran como fondos de la Biblioteca Nacional de Cuba José Martí. Se consultaron como fuentes básicas Emilio Roig, Chouffat Latour, Delgado García y Portel Vilá. Desarrollo: Se obtuvo que los médicos herbolarios Siam y Juan Chambombiá permitieron lograr salvar a enfermos desahuciados en esa época, y ganar por ello notoriedad; mostraron cualidades humanas de desinterés y ayuda a los humildes. Las disputas referidas a la paternidad de la frase A ese no lo salva ni el médico chino, que ha quedado en el hablar popular cubano, finalmente fue conferida a Juan Chambombiá. Conclusiones: Siam y Chambombiá se caracterizaron por ser hombres cultos, dedicados a la profesión médica con desinterés y humanismo. Ambos sufrieron persecución e incomprensiones; prejuicios y celos, consecuencia del éxito en el tratamiento a pacientes incurables. Sus huellas han quedado en Cuba por sus comportamientos profesionales y humanos(AU)

Introduction: The arrival of coolies to Cuba in the 19th century, hired to carry out plantation labor, involved the arrival of Chinese doctors who were practicing members of the herbalist medicine. Objective:To characterize the life and work of two Chinese immigrant doctors of the XIX century who became well-known in their epoch because of their human and professional behaviors in the medical practice, even living away from each other in the island. Material and Methods:A bibliographic review of the periodical publications index-linked in SciELO database, and Google Scholar is presented. Books, journalistic articles, and periodical publications of the epoch that are part of the stock of José Martí National Library were reviewed. Basic sources such as Emilio Roig, Chouffat Latour, Delgado García, and Portel Vilá were also consulted. Development:It was known that the herbalist doctors Siam and Juan Chambombiá could cure sick people who were given up all hope of saving in that epoch, thus becoming well-known doctors; they both showed human qualities of lack of interest, and help to the humbles. The arguments referred to the authorship of the phrase: Not even the Chinese doctor can save him, which has remained in the Cuban collection of proverbs, was finally conferred to Juan Chambombiá. Conclusions:Siam and Chambombiá were characterized by being cultured men, dedicated to the medical profession with unselfishness and humanism. Both of them suffered for persecutions, and lack of understanding; prejudices, and jealousy as a consequence of their success in the treatment to incurable patients. Their traces have remained in Cuba because of their professional and human behaviors(AU)

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Access to oral health care for vulnerable populations is one of the concerns addressed by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration HIV/AIDS Bureau's Community-Based Dental Partnership Program (CBDPP). The program introduces dental students and residents at several dental schools to care for vulnerable patients through didactic and clinical work in community-based dental settings. This study of the dental students and residents in this program answered three questions: 1) What are their HIV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors? 2) How has participation in the CBDPP impacted their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors? 3) Has the intervention affected their work placement decisions and attitudes after graduation, particularly with respect to treating people living with HIV and other underserved populations? A total of 305 first- through fourth-year dental students and first- and second-year residents at five dental schools across the United States completed surveys before and after a community-based rotation and following graduation. Response rates at each of the five schools ranged from 82.4 to 100 percent. The results showed an increase in the participants' knowledge and positive attitudes regarding treatment for patients with HIV and other vulnerable populations post-rotation compared to pre-rotation. Results after graduation found that most respondents were practicing in private settings or in academic institutions as residents but were willing to treat a diverse patient population. These findings support the role of training programs, such as the CBDPP, for expanding the dental workforce to treating vulnerable populations including people living with HIV/AIDS.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a multifaceted intervention among skilled birth attendants on the use of oxytocin during the third stage of labor, the active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL), and the rate of routine episiotomy during vaginal births in two health districts in Nicaragua. METHODS: An uncontrolled before-and-after study design was used. The rates of oxytocin use in the third stage of labor, AMTSL, and episiotomy were measured for vaginal births occurring in eight hospitals and health centers during 2011-2012, before and after implementation of a multifaceted facility-based intervention. The intervention involved the use of opinion leaders, interactive workshops to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines, academic detailing, the use of reminders, and feedback on the rates of oxytocin use and episiotomy. RESULTS: Oxytocin use during the third stage of labor increased significantly from 95.3% to 97.4% (P=0.003). The episiotomy rate dropped significantly from 31.2% to 21.2% overall, and from 59.6% to 40.5% in primiparous women (P<0.001 for both comparisons). CONCLUSION: The multifaceted intervention improved the targeted care practices during childbirth. However, a further decrease in the routine use of episiotomy would be desirable.

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