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Changes in psychoanalytic therapy have been traditionally attributed to self-knowledge (insight) in the client, provided by the therapist's interpretations. In recent years there has been growing realization that such changes can also be the consequence of the development of new forms of relatedness through client-therapist interaction, particularly through special intersubjective moments called moments of meeting. Drawing on the methods and findings of Conversation Analysis about the sequential organization of psychotherapeutic interaction, this single-case study examines the unfolding of a moment of meeting in the final session of a brief psychoanalytic therapy in Peru (in Spanish) with a female client victim of domestic violence. Our analysis shows that the moment of meeting, which resolves a challenge to the intersubjective relationship posed by a now moment, comes about interactionally through a sequentially accomplished shared practice of co-animation. In this sequence the client, who had previously assumed a passive role, exercises her own agency to assume an active role, which the therapist ratifies through his response. In this way, a momentary but significant transformation in the here-and-now relationship between client and therapist occurs. Thus, our analysis contributes to the understanding of how a transformation of relation-the transitory emergence of a new form of relatedness-can take place in and through sequentially organized talk and action in psychotherapy. Our study also sheds light on the role of language in moments of meeting, as the moment of meeting in our segment does not occur in parallel with the exchange of linguistic utterances between client and therapist, but through the exchange of such linguistic utterances and through the sequence of actions carried out by that exchange. In this way, the sequential doing-together with words leads to a moment of meeting, bringing about change, at least momentarily, in the implicit ways-of-being-with-others of the client.

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Abstract This paper examines the triadic dynamics of baby-teacher-book during shared reading in an Early Childhood Education School to explain how educational teaching practices can enhance initial reading experiences and development processes in Early Childhood. A ten-months-old baby and a teacher participated in this study and, as an instrument for data collection, reading situations were registered and later these sessions were weighted through use of microgenetic analysis. From the analysis of the data present in the detailed case, it was identified the emergence of qualitative indicators that favoured the involvement of the baby in the activity, the mediation and educational actions of the teacher and the use of the book were more frequent. The effective use of the object book with that baby has contributed to qualitative changes in the baby's development and learning and emphasizes the incentive to share reading with other children.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar a dinâmica da tríade bebê-professora-livro durante a leitura compartilhada em uma Escola de Educação Infantil a fim de explicar como as práticas educativas de ensino potencializam experiências iniciais de leitura e processos de desenvolvimento na Primeira Infância. Uma bebê de dez meses e uma professora participaram desse estudo e como instrumento para coleta de dados foi utilizado a vídeogravação de momentos de leitura e posteriormente essas sessões foram ponderadas através da análise microgenética. A partir das análises dos dados presentes no caso detalhado, identificou-se a emergência de indicadores qualitativos que favoreceram o engajamento da bebê na atividade, sendo que a mediação e ações educativas da professora e do uso do livro foram mais frequentes. O uso efetivo do livro-objeto pode ter contribuído para mudanças qualitativas no desenvolvimento e aprendizagem da bebê e enfatiza a necessidade de incentivar o compartilhamento da leitura nessas idades.

Resumen Este artículo tuvo como objetivo examinar la dinámica de la tríada bebé-maestra-libro durante la lectura compartida en una Escuela de Educación Infantil con el fin de explicar cómo las prácticas docentes educativas pueden potenciar las experiencias iniciales de lectura y los procesos de desarrollo en la Primera Infancia. En este estudio participó una bebé de diez meses y una maestra y como instrumento de recolección de datos se utilizó la grabación en video de los momentos de lectura y posteriormente estas sesiones fueron ponderadas a través del análisis microgenético. A partir del análisis de los datos presentes en este caso, se identificó la emergencia de indicadores cualitativos que favorecen la participación de la bebé en la actividad, siendo más frecuentes la mediación y las acciones educativas de la docente, así como el uso del libro. El uso efectivo del libro objeto con la bebé ha contribuido a cambios cualitativos en el desarrollo y aprendizaje de los niños y enfatiza el incentivo de compartir la lectura con otros niños pequeños.

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Numerosos estudios apuntan a las dificultades del lenguaje oral que pueden presentar las personas con discapacidad auditiva a lo largo de su desarrollo. No obstante, se conoce poco acerca del nivel de competencia pragmática que alcanzan y cómo esta área se desarrolla. En esta investigación se pretenden abordar las características pragmáticas de cuatro adultos españoles con discapacidad auditiva congénita a través del Protocolo Rápido de Evaluación Pragmática Revisado (PREP-R), que evalúa diferentes niveles de pragmática: textual, enunciativa e interactiva y, además,aporta un índice de habilidad pragmática general, específica y de base gramatical. Los participantes fueron evaluados mediante videograbaciones de muestras de lenguaje espontáneo en conversación con un familiar. Los resultados indican que, en general, los cuatro sujetos presentan un buen nivel de competencia pragmática, que se manifiesta a la hora de ajustar los actos de habla. Sin embargo, para regular su lenguaje, tienden a utilizar conductas compensatorias como: estrategias verbales que les permiten ganar tiempo extra para la construcción de sus emisiones, empleo de actos verbales y/o paraverbales compensatorios y el uso de gestos que completan su producción verbal. Estos datos indican que, aunque los participantes de este estudio presentan buenas habilidades pragmáticas, es necesario seguir desarrollando estrategias a nivel de intervención que les permitan comunicarse sin dificultades en diferentes contextos y con distintos interlocutores.

Numerous studies reveal the oral language difficulties that people with hearing loss may present throughout their development. However, little is known about the level of pragmatic competence they achieve and how this area evolves. This research aims to address the pragmatic characteristics of four Spanish adults with congenital hearing loss through Protocolo Rápido de Evaluación Pragmática -Revisado (PREP-R, which can be translated as Quick Protocol for Pragmatic Evaluation -Revised). This test assesses different levels of pragmatics: textual, enunciative, and interactional, and also provides an indicator for general, specific, and grammatically-based pragmatic ability. The participants were assessed by videotaping spontaneous speech samples in conversation with a family member. The results indicate that, in general, the four subjects present an adequate level of pragmatic competence, which is manifested in their adjustment of speech acts. Nevertheless, they show a tendency to use compensatory behaviors toregulate their speech, such as verbal strategies that allow them to gain extra time to construct their utterances, compensatory verbal and/or paraverbal acts, and gestures that complement their verbal productions. These data indicate that, although the participants of this study show good pragmatic skills, it is necessary to continue developing intervention strategies that allow them to communicate without difficulties in different contexts and with different communication partners.

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To reduce ambiguity across a conversation, interlocutors reach temporary conventions or referential precedents on how to refer to an entity. Despite their central role in communication, the cognitive underpinnings of the interpretation of precedents remain unclear, specifically the role and mechanisms by which information related to the speaker is integrated. We contrast predictions of one-stage, original two-stage, and extended two-stage models for the processing of speaker information and provide evidence favoring the latter: we show that both stages are sensitive to speaker-specific information. Using an experimental paradigm based on visual-world eye tracking in the context of a referential communication task, we look at the moment-by-moment interpretation of precedents and focus on the temporal profile of the influence of the speaker and linguistic information when facing ambiguity. We find two clearly identifiable moments where speaker-specific information has its effects on reference resolution. We conclude that these two stages reflect two distinct cognitive mechanisms, with different timings, and rely on different representational formats for encoding and accessing information about the speaker: a cue-driven memory retrieval process that mediates language processing and an inferential mechanism based on perspective-taking abilities.

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A negative reference, such as "not the sculpture" (where the sculpture is a name the speaker had only just invented to describe an unconventional-looking object and where the negation is saying that she does not currently desire that object), seems like a perilous and linguistically underdetermined way to point to another object, especially when there are three objects to choose from. To succeed, it obliges listeners to rely on contextual elements to determine which object the speaker has in mind. Prior work has shown that pragmatic inference-making plays a crucial role in such an interpretation process. When a negative reference leaves two candidate objects to choose from, listeners avoid an object that had been previously named, preferring instead an unconventional-looking object that had remained unnamed (Kronmüller et al., 2017). In the present study, we build over these findings by maintaining our focus on the two remaining objects (what we call the second and third objects) as we systematically vary two features. With respect to the second object - which is always unconventional looking - we vary whether or not it has been given a name. With respect to the third object - which is never named - we vary whether it is unconventional or conventional looking (for the latter, imagine an object that clearly resembles a bicycle). As revealed by selection patterns and eye-movements in a visual-world eye-tracking paradigm, we replicate our previous findings that show that participants choose randomly when both of the remaining objects are unconventional looking and unnamed and that they opt reliably in favor of the most nondescript (the unnamed unconventional looking) object when the second object is named. We show further that (unnamed) conventional-looking objects provide similar outcomes when juxtaposed with an unnamed unconventional object (participants prefer the most non-descript as opposed to the conventional-looking object). Nevertheless, effects emerging from the conventional (unnamed) case are not as strong as those found with respect to those reported when an unconventional object is named. In describing participants' choices in the non-random cases, we propose that addressees rely on the construction of an ad hoc implicature that takes into account which object can be eliminated from consideration, given that the speaker did not explicitly name it.

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Above and beyond the critical contributions of left perisylvian regions to language, the neural networks supporting pragmatic aspects of verbal communication in native and non-native languages (L1s and L2, respectively) have often been ascribed to the right hemisphere (RH). However, several reports have shown that left-hemisphere activity associated with pragmatic domains (e.g., prosody, indirect speech, figurative language) is comparable to or even greater than that observed in the RH, challenging the proposed putative role of the latter for relevant domains. Against this background, we report on an adult bilingual patient showing preservation of pragmatic verbal skills in both languages (L1: Spanish, L2: English) despite bilateral damage mainly focused on the RH. After two strokes, the patient sustained lesions in several regions previously implicated in pragmatic functions (vast portions of the right fronto-insulo-temporal cortices, the bilateral amygdalae and insular cortices, and the left putamen). Yet, comparison of linguistic and pragmatic skills with matched controls revealed spared performance on multiple relevant tasks in both her L1 and L2. Despite mild difficulties in some aspects of L2 prosody, she showed no deficits in comprehending metaphors and idioms, or understanding indirect speech acts in either language. Basic verbal skills were also preserved in both languages, including verbal auditory discrimination, repetition of words and pseudo-words, cognate processing, grammaticality judgments, equivalent recognition, and word and sentence translation. Taken together, the evidence shows that multiple functions of verbal communication can be widely spared despite extensive damage to the RH, and that claims for a putative relation between pragmatics and the RH may have been overemphasized in the monolingual and bilingual literature. We further discuss the case in light of previous reports of pragmatic and linguistic deficits following brain lesions and address its relation to cognitive compensation in bilingual patients.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a interface entre cognição social e linguagem, analisando as relações entre a teoria da mente e a pragmática da linguagem em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Participaram da pesquisa 24 crianças com TEA, entre 6 e 12 anos de idade. Para a avaliação das habilidades sociocognitivas foram utilizadas tarefas da escala de teoria da mente e, para a avaliação da pragmática, um instrumento de compreensão de enunciados literais e não literais (avaliados nas subcategorias: implicaturas conversacionais e expressões idiomáticas). Os resultados indicaram que: 1) as crianças manifestaram compreensão da linguagem literal significativamente superior à compreensão das implicaturas conversacionais e das expressões idiomáticas; e 2) que as crianças que acertaram as tarefas de falsa crença foram as que tiveram um desempenho melhor nos enunciados não literais de expressões idiomáticas. Esses achados dão suporte à hipótese de associação positiva entre compreensão da falsa crença e pragmática.

The aim of this study was to investigate the interface between social cognition and language, analyzing the relationships between theory of mind and pragmatics in autistic children. Twenty-Four Brazilian autistic children, between 6 and 12 years of age, participated in the study. The Theory of Mind Scale was utilized to assess the social cognitive skills; and, to evaluate pragmatics, it was used tasks that requested the child to make judgments about literal and non-literal statements (assessed in two subcategories: conversational implicatures and idiomatic expressions). The results indicate that 1) the children manifested a comprehension of literal language significantly superior to the comprehension that they showed towards non literal language, and, 2) the children who had success on false belief tasks had higher scores on idiomatic expressions. These findings support the hypothesis of a positive association between false belief and pragmatic understanding.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la interfaz entre cognición social y lenguaje, analizando las relaciones entre teoría de la mente y pragmática en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Participaron 24 niños con TEA entre 6 y 12 años. Para la evaluación de las habilidades sociocognitivas se utilizaron tareas de la escala de teoría de la mente, y para la pragmática, un instrumento de comprensión de enunciados literales y no literales (implicaciones conversacionales y expresiones idiomáticas). Los resultados indicaron que 1) los niños manifestaron comprensión del lenguaje literal significativamente superior a la comprensión de las implicaciones conversacionales y de las expresiones idiomáticas, y 2) que los niños que acertaron las tareas de falsa creencia fueron las que tuvieron un desempeño mejor en los enunciados no literales de expresiones idiomáticas. Estos hallazgos apoyan la hipótesis de asociación positiva entre comprensión de la falsa creencia y pragmática.

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Adult semiotic mediation in the origin and evolution of the first symbolic uses of objects by infants in contexts of triadic interactions was investigated. Six infant-parent dyads interacting together with ten objects were observed longitudinally from 9 to 15 months of age, with an interval of three months between each observation. The communicative mediators used by adults, in the form of demonstrations and ostensive gestures, decrease as infants grow up. The orchestration of these semiotic mediators also decreases and the functions of the demonstrations change. At the beginning, the adults use them merely to demonstrate the symbolic uses of object, but later they use them to evaluate, complete or correct the symbolic uses by the infants. The semiotic mediators are first used to guide the child at the level of attention and later at the level of cultural practices of symbolic uses of objects. These changes in communicative mediators and their functions reveal the educational role of adults through adjustment in communication, always in tune with the infant's knowledge and performance.

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AIMS: Identifying effective methods for stimulating language and communication of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is fundamental to the effective use of available resources to support these children. This pilot study was designed to explore the potential benefits of a program of stimulation of executive functions (SEF) on the functional aspects of language and communication through the assessment of the functional communicative profile and social-cognitive performance. METHODS: Twenty children, aged 5-12 years, with a diagnosis of ASD participated in the study. Two stimulation programs were offered over a 10- to 12-week period as part of the regular services offered to these children through a University's speech and language therapy outpatient clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. Children either received SEF intervention in their home implemented by their parent/s, with close monitoring by the speech-language pathologist (SLP) (group 1), or they received SEF by the SLP during regular speech-language therapy individual sessions (group 2). RESULTS: The findings suggested that there were differences between the children's pre- and posttest performance. Significantly different performances were observed in the areas of occupation of communication space, proportion of communicative interactivity, and social-cognitive performance. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of activities to stimulate executive function abilities in language intervention for children with ASD warrants further investigation.

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Este trabalho pretende identificar pontos de aproximação entre a psicanálise e os estudos sobre a linguagem presentes na obra do filósofo austríaco Ludwig Wittgenstein. Para tal, parte-se da construção da noção de sintoma, sua definição no campo médico e psiquiátrico até sua demarcação no campo psicanalítico, elemento que só se define por sua relação com as práticas discursivas do sujeito. Ao introduzir a noção de jogos de linguagem, Wittgenstein destaca o caráter pragmático da linguagem: as regras de uso estabelecidas em determinado contexto conferem o significado a uma expressão linguística. Se para a psicanálise o sintoma implica uma articulação simbólica, é na relação entre significantes, própria do jogo linguístico, que se estabelecem as possibilidades de significação do próprio sujeito.

Cette étude vise à identifier les points de rapprochement entre la psychanalyse et les études sur la langue présentes chez le philosophe autrichien Ludwig Wittgenstein. Pour cela, on part de la construction de la notion de symptôme, sa définition dans le domaine médical et psychiatrique, jusqu'à sa délimitation dans le domaine psychanalytique, un élément qui est seulement défini par sa relation avec les pratiques discursives du sujet. En introduisant le concept des jeux de langage, Wittgenstein souligne le caractère pragmatique de la langue : les règles d'utilisation établies dans un contexte particulier confèrent un sens à une expression linguistique. Si pour la psychanalyse le symptôme implique une articulation symbolique, c'est dans la relation entre signifiants, caractéristique du jeu linguistique, où s'établissent les possibilités de signification du sujet lui-même.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los puntos de aproximación entre el psicoanálisis y los estudios sobre el lenguaje presente en la obra del filósofo austríaco Ludwig Wittgenstein. Para eso, parte desde la construcción de la noción de los síntomas, su definición en el campo médico y psiquiátrico hasta su demarcación en el campo psicoanalítico, elemento que sólo se define por su relación con las prácticas discursivas de la materia. Al introducir el concepto de juegos de lenguaje, Wittgenstein hace hincapié en el carácter pragmático del lenguaje: las normas de uso establecidas en un contexto particular confieren sentido a una expresión lingüística. Si para el psicoanálisis el síntoma implica una articulación simbólica, es la relación entre significantes, del propio juego de lenguaje, en la que se establecen las posibilidades de significado del sujeto.

This study aims to identify confluences between psychoanalysis and studies on language presented in Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein's work. In order to do so, one starts from the construction of the notion of symptom, its definition in the medical and psychiatric fields, to its demarcation in the psychoanalytical field, where the symptom is only defined by its relationship with the discursive practices of the subject. When introducing the concept of language-game, Wittgenstein emphasizes the pragmatic aspect of language: the rules of use established in a particular context give meaning to a linguistic expression. If, for psychoanalysis, the symptom implies a symbolic articulation, it is in the relationship between signifiers, proper to the language game, that the possibilities of signification of the subject himself are established.

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Resumen Autores: Dra. Myriam M. Velarde IncháusteguI 1 Dr. Jorge A. Vattuone Echevarría 2 Dra.Myriam E. Gómez Velarde 3 99 La pragmática estudia el lenguaje en su relación con los usuarios y las circunstancias de la comunicación. Se hace un recuento histórico desde el Síndrome Semántico Pragmático de Rapin y Allen (1980), pasando por Bishop (2000), Trastorno Pragmático del Lenguaje (TPL), hasta el Manual Estadístico de Enfermedades Mentales, DSM-5, (2013) donde aparece una nueva categoría tipi cada como Trastorno de la Comunicación Social (Pragmático) TCS, incluida dentro de los Trastornos de la Comunicación. La DSM-5 da cuatro criterios diagnósticos para la TCS: A. Dificultades en el uso de la comunicación verbal y no verbal. B. Dificultades que causan limitaciones funcionales en la comunicación. C. Los síntomas se manifiestan en edades tempranas. D. No es atribuible a déficit sensorial, motor o neurológico. Se hace diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades que tienen compromiso pragmático: el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad (TDAH) no muestra déficit en "relaciones sociales" ni en "comunicación no verbal". Con el Trastorno de Aprendizaje no verbal o Procedimental (TAP), el déficit pragmático es común en ambos grupos, pero en el TCS es más grave y "coherencia y comprensión" se ven más afectados. Con el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) la diferencia es que los autistas manifiestan intereses restringidos y conductas motoras estereotipadas. Se revisan las pruebas más comunes donde la prueba Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) de Bishop es una prueba útil para valorar la pragmática en los escolares, ya adaptada y validada al idioma español.

Abstract Pragmatics studies how language relates with its users and the circumstances of communication. This study is a historical account from the Pragmatic Semantic Syndrome of Rapin and Allen (1980), through Bishop (2000), Pragmatic Language Disorder (PLD), to the Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses, DSM-5, (2013) where a new category appears and is categorized as Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder SCD and is included in Communication Disorders. The DSM-5 provides four diagnostic criteria for the SCD: A. Difficulties in the use of verbal and non-verbal communication. B. Difficulties that cause functional limitations in e ective communication. C. Symptoms shown at early age. D. Not attributable to sensory, motor or neurological deficit; illness, intellectual disability. Differential diagnosis with other entities that have pragmatic commitment, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), do not show a de cit in 'social relations' or in 'non-verbal communication' factors. With non-verbal or Procedural Learning Disorder (PLD), pragmatic deficit is common in both groups, but in SCD it is more severe and 'coherence and understanding' are more affected. The main difference with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is that autistic individuals exhibit restricted interests and stereotyped motor behaviors. Finally, the most common tests are reviewed where the Bishop's Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) is a useful test to evaluate pragmatics in schoolchildren, which is already adapted and validated in Spanish.

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In this article, we set out, first, a general overview of metaphor and metaphorical thought research within cognitive psychology and developmental psychology. We claim that, although research efforts broadened perspectives that considered metaphors to be ornaments of poetic language, certain predominance of a linguistic point of view within investigations led to relatively little attention paid to (i) non-verbal and non-written metaphorical instantiations, and (ii) the pre-linguistic and cultural origins of metaphorical thought. Next, we attempt to delve into, and model, the ontogenetic origins of metaphor, taking into consideration social and cultural elements. To that end, we consider the Vygotskian perspective and contemporary research from the pragmatics of the object. We propose that metaphorical thought is an emerging result of a complex web of dynamic relationships between pre-linguistic and socioculturally regulated semiotic systems. The analysis undertaken shows the need for a research programme with a developmental orientation that considers metaphor to be a product of the intertwining between the individual and social dimensions of cognitive development. We suggest this programme should find its roots in the analysis of the semiotic skills that precede the acquisition of metaphorical language.

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The present work proposes a pragmatic perspective of the development of personal identity. Such perspective is based on a unifying vision that incorporates the contribution of communicative pragmatics and becomes aware of the contribution of semiotics to psychology, without leaving aside the eriksonian point of view and other significant contributions in the field. The article defines identity in adolescence from a development approach, and adopts a systemic perspective concerning the insertion of adolescents in their context of formation as individuals. It then proposes a way to understand identity from a pragmatic-communicative perspective. Finally, it introduces two communicative use contexts from which personal identity can emerge, showing the importance of communication and language in the formation and development of identity.

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This study examines modality in doctor-patient interactions during psychiatric interviews. Twenty three interviews were conducted in Spanish and were video-recorded. The patients are members of a small community in rural California. Using the interpersonal metafunction (Eggins 2004; Halliday 1994) and approaches in pragmatics literature this work reveals the lexicogrammatical choices the patients and the doctor make using both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Spanish modalization can be realized through modal operators (e.g. might), mood adjuncts (e.g. possibly), and the conditional and future tenses. In addition to these, oral contexts have alternative forms of expressing modalization such as using the preposition como 'like' and tag questions (e.g. right?) as the pragmatics literature has described. This work makes a methodological contribution by highlighting the analytical tools that alternative approaches to discourse analysis (pragmatics in this case) make available and how they complement the interpersonal metafunction. The results of this study reveal that patients use modalization at particular moments in the interview, for instance when discussing their symptoms and conditions to deliver their information carefully and to recognize the social status of the doctor. The doctor also strategically uses modalization when he asks sensitive questions in order to displace responsibility from the patients and avoid a face-threatening situation.

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Zinacantec Family Homesign (Z) is a new sign language emerging spontaneously over the past three decades in a single family in a remote Mayan Indian village. Three deaf siblings, their Tzotzil-speaking age-mates, and now their children, who have had contact with no other deaf people, represent the first generation of Z signers. I postulate an augmented grammaticalization path, beginning with the adoption of a Tzotzil cospeech holophrastic gesture-meaning "come!"-into Z, and then its apparent stylization as an attention-getting sign, followed by grammatical regimentation and pragmatic generalization as an utterance initial change of speaker or turn marker.

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Los Zenúes son un pueblo amerindio que hablaba la lengua Guajiba o Guamacó, pero en la ac-tualidad hacen uso exclusivo del español, aunque conservan producciones que evidencian rasgos fonéticos y semánticos específicos poco conocidos. El desconocimiento de su filiación lingüís-tica y el de sus particularidades motivó el presente trabajo, el cual muestra la caracterización del lenguaje oral de la población del resguardo indígena Zenú de San Andrés de Sotavento de Sucre, buscando reconocer las diferencias en contenido, forma y uso que permitirían rescatar su riqueza lingüística y el acervo cultural de ello para la costa Caribe. El estudio fue descriptivo y de corte transversal, incluyó técnicas de recolección mixtas aplicadas a 381 indígenas del resguardo mencionado. Los resultados evidenciaron procesos de simplificación en fonemas y sílabas, omi-sión de elementos sintácticos, preferencia de verbos en presente y pasado, cambios en referentes semánticos, léxico receptivo limitado y básico pero coherente, presencia de sobreextensiones en la significación y argumentación, características conversacionales pasivas para mantener, esperar y ceder turnos y empleo de gestos naturales como mediadores de la interacción. Se concluyó que existen particularidades fonológicas atribuidas al contexto socio cultural de la población; a nivel morfosintáctico predomina el empleo de estructuras gramaticales simples y complejas de tipos yuxtapuestas y coordinadas. En los niveles semántico y pragmático se evidenció reconocimiento de conceptos, empleo de vocablos contextualizados; introversión y escasas destrezas conversacio-nales que dan cuenta de pasividad en la interacción.

The Zenúes are an Amerindian people who spoke the Guamacó language, but today they use the Spanish, although they retain productions that demonstrate specific and little known semantic and phonetic features. The neglect of their linguistic affiliation and their particularities motiva-ted the research team to develop this work, which presents the characterization of oral language of the population of the Zenú indigenous reservation of San Andrés de Sotavento in the depart-ment of Sucre, seeking recognition of the differences in content, form and use, that would allow rescue its rich linguistic and cultural heritage of this for the Caribbean Coast. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional; it included mixed collection techniques which were applied to 381 indigenous people belonging to the reservation mentioned above. The results showed simpli-fication processes in phonemes and syllables, omission of grammatical elements and preference of present and past verbs, changes in semantic referents, limited and basic receptive vocabulary, nevertheless, it is consistent; they also showed presence of overextension in the significance and argumentation, passive conversational features to keep, to wait and to give up the turn and using of natural gestures as mediator of the interaction. In conclusion, this study reveals that there are phonological particularities attributed to socio-cultural population context; it shows predomi-nant use of simple and complex grammatical structures of juxtaposed and coordinated type in the morphosyntactic level; as well as recognition of concepts and use of contextualized words; and at pragmatic level, most people are characterized as introverted, they have poor conversatio-nal skills, so that, they are passive actors in the conversation

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Objetivo: El presente trabajo pretende comprobar la capacidad de diferenciación y detección de perfiles pragmáticos de la traducción española de la Children´s Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2). Método: Se realizó el perfil normativo del instrumento en una muestra de 100 sujetos de habla española. Para determinar hasta qué punto la traducción española de la CCC-2 puede diferenciar entre niños con trastornos pragmáticos del lenguaje y niños con trastornos del lenguaje expresivo se realizó una comparación entre 10 sujetos con síndrome de Asperger y 10 sujetos con síndrome Down con un grupo Control. Resultados: La traducción española de la CCC-2 es capaz de identificar perfiles pragmáticos y de diferenciar entre perfiles normativos y clínicos como el del síndrome de Asperger y el del síndrome de Down. Además, este instrumento es capaz de obtener una imagen del perfil cuantitativo de las dificultades de comunicación de estos niños.

Objective: The current study aims to check the ability of the Spanish translation of the Children´s Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2) to discriminate and identify pragmatic profiles. Method: A normative profile of the instrument was performed on a 100 Spanish-speaking sample. To determinate to what extend the Spanish translation of the CCC-2 is able to discriminate between children with a pragmatic language disorder and an expressive language disorder a comparison was made between 10 subjects with an Asperger syndrome and 10 subjects with Down syndrome versus a Control group. Results: The Spanish translation of the CCC-2 is able to identify pragmatic profiles and to discriminate between normative and clinic profiles as Asperger syndrome and Down syndrome. Furthermore, this instrument is able to obtain a quantitative profile picture of the communication impairments of those children.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo aborda a formação em psicologia em contexto de intervenção num projeto de extensão acadêmica com jovens em medida socioeducativa e equipes que operam essa política pública. Esta demanda, enunciada na universidade através da extensão acadêmica, força um encontro entre a vida destes jovens e os modos de formar-praticar psicologia neste contexto. A problematização do processo de formação em psicologia nessas práticas é construída com os conceitos de experimentação, pragmática e enunciação, no diálogo com a esquizoanálise. Sob orientação da pesquisa-intervenção foi analisada uma ferramenta metodológica construída na experiência do grupo da psicologia nessas atividades, através de uma modalidade de escrita em ambiente à distância (lista de discussão) que constitui a proposta de diário coletivo. O estudo contribui na análise dos saberes pedagógicos e metodológicos, no uso deste tipo de ferramenta e nos modos de constituir a formação em ensino superior.(AU)

This study approaches psychology higher education in the context of an intervention in a higher academic extension project with youngsters fulfilling social-educative measure and the workers that operate in this public policy. This demand, enunciated at the university through the academic extension program, forces a meeting between the life of these youngsters and the process of forming and practicing psychology in this field. The questioning of the higher education psychology process in these practices is constructed with the concepts of experimentation, pragmatics and enunciation, in a dialogue with schizo-analysis. Upon orientation of the interventional research, a methodological tool was built upon the experience of the psychology work group on these activities. Through the use of a online writing environment (discussion lists), it was created a collective journal. This study contributes to the analysis of pedagogical and methodological knowledge, the use of type of tool and in higher educational experience.(AU)

Este estudio se ocupa de la formación en psicología en contexto de intervención en un proyecto de extension académica con jóvenes que cumplen medida socioeducativa y equipos que llevan a cabo esa política pública. Esa demanda, que se evidencia en la universidadpor la extensión académica, obliga a un encuentro entre las vidas de estos jóvenes y los modos de formar-practicar psicologia en ese contexto. La problematización del proceso de formación en psicología en estas prácticasse construye con los conceptos de experimentación, pragmática y enunciación, en el diálogo con el esquizoanálisis. Bajo la orientación de la investigación-intervención se ha analisado una herramienta metodológica construída en la experiência del grupo de psicología en esas actividades, a través de un modo de escribir en un ambiente a la distancia (listas de correo) que constituye la propuesta de diário colectivo. El estudio contribuye en el análisis de los saberes pedagógicos y metodológicos, en la utilización de este tipo de herramienta y en los modos de constituir la formación en enseñanza superior.(AU)

RESUMO

As experiências existenciais comportam um aspecto subjetivo e não podem receber uma expressão que as tornam integralmente comunicáveis. Mas isso não implica a aceitação do solipsismo a que condenam as filosofias da consciência, como a fenomenologia husserliana ou sartreana. E se o cognitivismo mostra que, na experiência subjetiva, há um suplemento não objetivável, a hermenêutica indica como é possível, pela linguagem narrativa, conceber certa comunicabilidade, embora semanticamente limitada, dos estados subjetivos. A Psicologia cognitiva, de outra maneira, com base na teoria das categorias e da ideia de aprendizagem, aponta para um universal parcial, tornando possível certa comunicação das emoções. No entanto, é somente na ação comum, na pragmática, que as hipóteses interpretativas podem superar sua indeterminação e ser eventualmente confirmadas.

Existential experiences involve a subjective aspect and cannot accommodate an expression that makes them integrally communicable. But this does not mean the acceptance of the solipsism implied by philosophies of consciousness, such as Husserl’s and Sartre’s phenomenology. If cognitivism indicates that, in subjective experience, there is a supplement that cannot be rendered objective, hermeneutics shows how it is possible, through narrative language, to conceive some communicability, although semantically limited, of subjective states. On the other hand, with basis on the theory of categories and the idea of learning, cognitive psychology points out a partial universal, making possible some communication of emotions. However, it is only in common action, in pragmatics, that interpretive hypotheses can overcome their indetermination and be eventually confirmed.

Las experiencias existenciales comportan un aspecto subjetivo y no pueden tomar una expresión que las haga totalmente comunicables. Pero esto no implica la aceptación del solipsismo a que filosofías de la conciencia, como la fenomenología husserliana o sartreana las condenan. Ahora, si el cognitivismo muestra que en la experiencia subjetiva existe un componente no objetivable, la hermenéutica indica como es posible, a través del lenguaje narrativo, concebir una cierta comunicabilidad, todavia que semanticamente limitada, de los estados subjetivos. La psicología cognitiva, de outra forma, a partir de la teoria de las categorías y de la idea de aprendizado, apunta para un universal parcial, haciendo posible cierta comunicación de las emociónes. Sin embargo, es sólo en la acción comun, en la pragmática, que las hipótesis interpretativas pueden superar su indeterminación y ser eventualmente confirmadas.

Les expériences existentielles comportent um aspect subjectif et ne peuvent recevoir une expression que les rende integralement communicables. Mais cela n’implique pas que nous soyons condamnés au solipsisme des philosophies de la conscience, comme la phénoménologie de Husserl ou de Sartre. Et si le cognitivisme montre que, dans l’expérience subjective, il y a un supplément non objectivable, l’herméneutique indique comment il est possible, au moyen du langage narratif, de concevoir une certaine communicabilité, bien que sémantiquement limitée, des états subjectifs. La psychologie cognitive, quant à elle, partant de la théorie des catégories et de l’idée d’apprentissage, soutient la possibilité d’un universel partiel rendant possible une certaine communication des émotions. Néanmoins, c’est seulement dans l’action commune, pragmatiquement, que les hypothèses interprétatives peuvent surmonter leur indétermination et être eventuellememt confirmées.

Assuntos