RESUMO
La seguridad alimentaria es cuando toda persona en todo momento tiene acceso económico y físico a suficientes alimentos inocuos y nutritivos para satisfacer sus necesidades alimentarias y preferencias en cuanto alimentos a fin de llevar una vida sana y activa. Por lo que el objetivo evaluar seguridad alimentaria y calidad de vida de la población vulnerable en la provincia Cusco, Perú. Para lo que se aplicó metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, basada en cuestionarios aplicados y entrevistas a una muestra de estudio (249 pobladores), la misma que previo a su aplicación superó las pruebas de validez y confiabilidad. Se realizó pruebas de frecuencia a los resultados de la opinión de los encuestados y correlación de Sperman's. Se evidencia que en un 65,9% la percepción de la población es que existe una inadecuada seguridad alimentaria, asimismo en un 85,1% que existe una mala calidad de vida, y desde una perspectiva estadística entre las citadas variables se obtuvo una significancia de 0,000 con un Rho de Sperman de 0,442, lo que demuestra la vulnerabilidad que se encuentra la población de Cusco. Concluyendo que entre las dos variables de estudio existe una relación directamente proporcional y de nivel moderado, denotando que en la media que se mejora los aspectos asociados a las dimensiones de la seguridad alimentaria, por consecuencia se tendría una mejora calidad de vida de la población de la provincia de Cusco, lo que evidencia que en la medida que se refuerce los aspectos asociados a la seguridad alimentaria, el bienestar físico y psicológico aspecto relacionado a la salud de dichas personas tendrá la oportunidad de mejorar.
Food security is when everyone at all times has economic and physical access to sufficient safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy and active life. Therefore, the objective is to evaluate food security and quality of life of the vulnerable population in the province of Cusco, Peru. For which a methodology with a quantitative approach was applied, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, based on questionnaires applied and interviews to a study sample (249 residents), which, prior to its application, passed the validity and reliability tests. Frequency tests were carried out on the results of the respondents' opinion and Sperman's correlation. It is evident that in 65.9% the perception of the population is that there is inadequate food security, also in 85.1% that there is a poor quality of life, and from a statistical perspective, a significance was obtained between the aforementioned variables of 0.000 with a Sperman's Rho of 0.442, which demonstrates the vulnerability of the population of Cusco. Concluding that between the two study variables there is a directly proportional relationship and of a moderate level, denoting that on average the aspects associated with the dimensions of food security are improved, consequently there would be an improved quality of life for the population of the province of Cusco, which shows that to the extent that the aspects associated with food security are reinforced, the physical and psychological well-being, an aspect related to the health of these people, will have the opportunity to improve
A segurança alimentar é quando todos têm, em todos os momentos, acesso económico e físico a alimentos seguros e nutritivos suficientes para satisfazer as suas necessidades dietéticas e preferências alimentares para levar uma vida saudável e activa. Portanto, o objetivo é avaliar a segurança alimentar e a qualidade de vida da população vulnerável na província de Cusco, Peru. Para o qual foi aplicada uma metodologia de abordagem quantitativa, com desenho transversal não experimental, baseada na aplicação de questionários e entrevistas a uma amostra do estudo (249 residentes), que, antes da sua aplicação, passou em testes de validade e fiabilidade. Foram realizados testes de frequência sobre os resultados das opiniões dos entrevistados e correlação de Spearman. Evidencia-se que em 65,9% a percepção da população é que há segurança alimentar inadequada, também em 85,1% que há má qualidade de vida, e do ponto de vista estatístico obteve-se significância entre as variáveis citadas de 0,000, com um Speman Rho de 0,442, o que demonstra a vulnerabilidade da população de Cusco. Concluindo que entre as duas variáveis do estudo existe uma relação diretamente proporcional e moderada, denotando que em média os aspectos associados às dimensões da segurança alimentar são melhorados, consequentemente haveria uma melhoria na qualidade de vida da população do província de Cusco, o que mostra que à medida que se reforçam os aspectos associados à segurança alimentar, o bem-estar físico e psicológico, aspecto relacionado à saúde dessas pessoas, terá a oportunidade de melhorar
Assuntos
Abastecimento de AlimentosRESUMO
Resumo A população em situação de rua (PSR) vem aumentando nos últimos anos. Ações governamentais são implementadas para melhorar as condições de vida dessa população, especialmente as voltadas à assistência à saúde. Este estudo tem como questão norteadora: quais são as estratégias de atenção à saúde dos serviços e programas voltados à população em situação de rua no Brasil? O objetivo é analisar quais são as estratégias de atenção à saúde adotadas pelos serviços e programas voltados à população em situação de rua no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), tendo como resultado 21 artigos. A análise revelou os alcances e desafios das redes de atenção à saúde, indicando o uso de drogas como principal motivo para busca dos serviços, sendo o Consultório na Rua (CnaR) um dispositivo importante, capaz de promover a criação de vínculos entre a PSR e os demais setores de saúde. A importância do trabalho em rede e a complexidade do cuidado com a saúde de populações foram temas recorrentes nas discussões, pois tratam de ações destinadas a pessoas vulnerabilizadas, estigmatizadas, apresentando necessidades e singularidades no modo de viver em sociedade.
Abstract The number of homeless people (HP) has been increasing in recent years. Government actions have been implemented to improve the living conditions for this population, especially those focused on health care. This study has as research question: What are the healthcare strategies of services and programs being offered to the homeless population in Brazil? Its objective is to analyze the health care strategies adopted by services and programs offered to the homeless population in Brazil. To achieve this purpose, a search was conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, resulting in 21 articles. The analysis revealed the scope and challenges of the health care networks, indicating drug use as the main reason for seeking the services, with the Street Clinics (CnaR, Consultório na Rua) being an important service capable of promoting the creation of links between the HP and other sectors. of health. The importance of networking and the complexity of population health care were recurring topics in the discussions, as they deal with actions aimed at vulnerable and stigmatized people, showing needs and singularities in the way of living in society.
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La seguridad alimentaria es "cuando toda persona en todo momento tiene acceso económico y físico a suficientes alimentos inocuos y nutritivos para satisfacer sus necesidades alimentarias y preferencias en cuanto alimentos a fin de llevar una vida sana y activa". Por lo que el objetivo evaluar seguridad alimentaria y calidad de vida de la población vulnerable en la provincia Cusco, Perú. Para lo que se aplicó metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal, basada en cuestionarios aplicados y entrevistas a una muestra de estudio (249 pobladores), la misma que previo a su aplicación superó las pruebas de validez y confiabilidad. Se realizó pruebas de frecuencia a los resultados de la opinión de los encuestados y correlación de Sperman's. Se evidencia que en un 65,9% la percepción de la población es que existe una inadecuada seguridad alimentaria, asimismo en un 85,1% que existe una mala calidad de vida, y desde una perspectiva estadística entre las citadas variables se obtuvo una significancia de 0,000 con un Rho de Sperman de 0,442, lo que demuestra la vulnerabilidad que se encuentra la población de Cusco. Concluyendo que entre las dos variables de estudio existe una relación directamente proporcional y de nivel moderado, denotando que en la media que se mejora los aspectos asociados a las dimensiones de la seguridad alimentaria, por consecuencia se tendría una mejora calidad de vida de la población de la provincia de Cusco, lo que evidencia que en la medida que se refuerce los aspectos asociados a la seguridad alimentaria, el bienestar físico y psicológico aspecto relacionado a la salud de dichas personas tendrá la oportunidad de mejorar.
Food security is "when everyone at all times has economic and physical access to sufficient safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for a healthy and active life." Therefore, the objective is to evaluate food security and quality of life of the vulnerable population in the province of Cusco, Peru. For which a methodology with a quantitative approach was applied, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design, based on questionnaires applied and interviews to a study sample (249 residents), which, prior to its application, passed the validity and reliability tests. Frequency tests were carried out on the results of the respondents' opinion and Sperman's correlation. It is evident that in 65.9% the perception of the population is that there is inadequate food security, also in 85.1% that there is a poor quality of life, and from a statistical perspective, a significance was obtained between the aforementioned variables of 0.000 with a Sperman's Rho of 0.442, which demonstrates the vulnerability of the population of Cusco. Concluding that between the two study variables there is a directly proportional relationship and of a moderate level, denoting that on average the aspects associated with the dimensions of food security are improved, consequently there would be an improved quality of life for the population of the province of Cusco, which shows that to the extent that the aspects associated with food security are reinforced, the physical and psychological well-being, an aspect related to the health of these people, will have the opportunity to improve.
A segurança alimentar é "quando todos têm, em todos os momentos, acesso económico e físico a alimentos seguros e nutritivos suficientes para satisfazer as suas necessidades dietéticas e preferências alimentares para levar uma vida saudável e activa". Portanto, o objetivo é avaliar a segurança alimentar e a qualidade de vida da população vulnerável na província de Cusco, Peru. Para o qual foi aplicada uma metodologia de abordagem quantitativa, com desenho transversal não experimental, baseada na aplicação de questionários e entrevistas a uma amostra do estudo (249 residentes), que, antes da sua aplicação, passou em testes de validade e fiabilidade. Foram realizados testes de frequência sobre os resultados das opiniões dos entrevistados e correlação de Spearman. Evidencia-se que em 65,9% a percepção da população é que há segurança alimentar inadequada, também em 85,1% que há má qualidade de vida, e do ponto de vista estatístico obteve-se significância entre as variáveis citadas de 0,000, com um Speman Rho de 0,442, o que demonstra a vulnerabilidade da população de Cusco. Concluindo que entre as duas variáveis do estudo existe uma relação diretamente proporcional e moderada, denotando que em média os aspectos associados às dimensões da segurança alimentar são melhorados, consequentemente haveria uma melhoria na qualidade de vida da população do província de Cusco, o que mostra que à medida que se reforçam os aspectos associados à segurança alimentar, o bem-estar físico e psicológico, aspecto relacionado à saúde dessas pessoas, terá a oportunidade de melhorar.
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SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to derive the equations for sex determination and to test the accuracy of discrimination between sexes using measurements of the patella in the Thai population. The sample comprised 254 Thai skeletons (134 males and 120 females) aged between 22 and 97 years, with an average age of 63.3years, obtained from the Osteology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai. Six variables were measured in 254 pairs of normal patellae. The mean values of patellar measurements in males were significantly greater than those in females for all variables (P<0.05). Statistical analysis further showed that all variables were useful in sex determination. Stepwise discriminant function analysis yielded an accuracy of 83.2 % (83.8 % male, 82.5 % female) and 85.5 % (85.3 % male, 85.8 % female) for the left and right patellae, respectively. These results suggested that measurement of the right patella is preferable for skeletal sexing. If this is not available, the forensic specialist can use the left patella instead, with an average accuracy of more than 80.0 % in giving a correct classification. The findings of this study demonstrate that the patella is an important bone in sex determination. They suggest that either the left or right patella can be used for sex determination, especially in the Northern Thai population.
El objetivo de este estudio fue derivar las ecuaciones para la determinación del sexo y probar la precisión de la discriminación entre sexos utilizando mediciones de la patela en la población tailandesa. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 254 esqueletos tailandeses (134 hombres y 120 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 22 y 97 años, con una edad promedio de 63,3 años, del Centro de Investigación y Capacitación en Osteología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai. Se midieron seis variables en 254 pares de patelas normales. Los valores medios de las mediciones patelares en los hombres fueron significativamente mayores que los de las mujeres, para todas las variables (P <0,05). Además, el análisis estadístico mostró que todas las variables fueron útiles para la determinación del sexo. El análisis de la función discriminante por pasos arrojó una precisión del 83,2 % (83,8 % hombres, 82,5 % mujeres) y 85,5 % (85,3 % hombres, 85,8 % mujeres) para las patelas izquierda y derecha, respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren que la medición de la patela derecha es preferible para la determinación del sexo en esqueletos. En caso de no estar disponible y para dar una clasificación correcta, el especialista forense puede utilizar la patela izquierda, con una precisión promedio de más del 80,0 %. Los hallazgos de este estudio demuestran que la patela es un hueso importante en la determinación del sexo. Se sugiere que se pueda utilizar la patela izquierda o derecha para determinar el sexo, especialmente en la población del norte de Tailandia.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Patela/anatomia & histologia , Antropologia Forense , Determinação do Sexo pelo Esqueleto , TailândiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the association of oxidative stress markers with sarcopenia in the general United States population under the age of 60. METHODS: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2011â2014 and performed Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) plots, weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis to calculate ratio ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals, and subgroup analysis based on age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index stratification to determine the association of markers of oxidative stress with the prevalence of sarcopenia. RESULTS: The present analysis included a total of 8,782 participants. Firstly, the RCS plots showed a roughly L-shaped curve association of total bilirubin and serum iron with a prevalence of sarcopenia. Secondly, albumin was negatively and linearly associated with the risk of sarcopenia. Finally, with the increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase, the prevalence of sarcopenia showed a trend of first rising and then declining as a result of the iron increase. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a nonlinear association between markers of oxidative stress and sarcopenia. The need to focus more on levels of oxidative stress in the body could provide better prevention strategies for sarcopenia.
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Biomarcadores , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estresse Oxidativo , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Sarcopenia/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Prevalência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Ferro/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Bilirrubina/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The pervasiveness of the Internet in everyday life, especially among young people, has raised concerns about its effects on mental health, education, and, recently, oral health. Previous research has suggested a complex relationship between Problematic Internet Use (PIU), lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life, highlighting the need to examine these interactions further. This study seeks to explore the PIU as a predictor of oral health-related quality of life and examine the mediating role of lifestyles between both in a sample of Peruvian schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 293 Peruvian students aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.42, SD = 1.5), using structural equations to analyze the relationship between PIU, lifestyles, and quality of life related to oral health. The data collection procedure was through a face-to-face survey. Validated instruments measured PIU, lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life. The study's theoretical model was analyzed through structural equation modeling with the MLR estimator. The fit assessment was performed using the comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). RESULTS: They indicated significant correlations between PIU, lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life. A negative influence of PIU on lifestyles (ß = -0.30, p < .001) and on oral health-related quality of life (ß = -0.35, p < .001) was observed, as well as a positive relationship between PIU and oral health-related quality of life (ß = 0.29, p < .001). The mediation of lifestyles was statistically significant, suggesting that they mediate the relationship between PIU and oral health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that PIU can negatively affect adolescents' oral health-related quality of life, mediated by unhealthy lifestyles. It underlines the importance of promoting balanced Internet use and healthy lifestyles among young people to improve their oral well-being.
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Estilo de Vida , Saúde Bucal , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Adolescente , Peru , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Criança , Internet , Transtorno de Adição à Internet/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Introduction: Although estimate models have been proposed to determine free-roaming (both stray and semi-domiciled) dog populations, to date, no study has focused on the three major border areas of Brazil. Therefore, the present study assessed the free-roaming dog population of Foz do Iguaçu, a major far-west Brazilian city located in a three-border area (Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay), which is considered among the top five Brazilian tourist destinations. Methods: Capture-release sampling was performed in three phases with a 6-month interval and 10-day duration of each phase, totaling 18 months, between 2018 and 2019. Results: A total of 1,273 dogs were estimated in the first [95% confidence interval (CI), 468-2,078 dogs], 904 in the second (95%CI, 452-1,355 dogs), and 1,564 in the third (95%CI, 521-2,607 dogs) capture phases in this area, suggesting a population density of 18.4 dogs/km2 (6.1-30.6 dogs/km2, 95% CI). Of all free-roaming dogs, 452/1,125 (40.2%) were stray with no confirmed ownership or household, whereas 672/1,125 (59.8%) had a known origin, among which 625/1,125 (55.6%) were semi-domiciled with ownership or a household, 36/1,125 (3.2%) were neighborhood dogs with maintainers, and 11/1,125 (1.0%) were owned by recycling material collectors and homeless individuals. The majority of the 1,125 dogs (862/1,125; 76.6%) had an ideal body condition score. The high outdoor access of owned dogs is likely caused by cultural behavior. However, because 533/1,125 (47.4%) of the free-roaming dogs presented with clinical abnormalities, irresponsible ownership may have negatively impacted dog health and welfare. Discussion: This study was the first to establish the density of free-roaming dogs, the ratio of stray and semi-domiciled dogs, and their dynamics over time in Foz do Iguaçu. The findings may serve as a warning for the high level of dog outdoor access and irresponsible guardianship, which may negatively affect animal health and welfare, leading to diseases, accidents, trauma, and animal cruelty.
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BACKGROUND: Escalating street violence and criminal homicides have an adverse impact on psychological well-being. However, these consequences have been difficult to evaluate. Using a recently validated scale, we aimed to assess the impact of fear of crime on the psychological status of middle-aged and older adults living in a rural setting afflicted by endemic violence. METHODS: Participants were selected from Atahualpa residents included in previous studies targeting psychological distress in the population. A validated scale was used to objectively quantify fear of crime in participants. Differences in symptoms of depression and anxiety between baseline and follow-up were used as distinct dependent variables and the continuous score of the fear of crime scale was used as the independent variable. Linear regression models were fitted to assess the association between the exposure and the outcomes, after adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS: A total of 653 participants (mean age = 53.2 ± 11.5 years; 57% women) completed the requested tests. We found a 13% increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety during the peak of violence in the village compared with previous years. Linear regression models showed a significant association between the total score on the fear of crime questionnaire and worsening symptoms of depression (ß = .24; 95% CI = 0.14-0.35) and anxiety (ß = .31; 95% CI = 0.24-0.37), after adjustment for relevant confounders. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a significant aggravating effect of fear of crime on pre-existing symptoms of depression and anxiety and a deleterious effect of these conditions on overall well-being.
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Ansiedade , Crime , Depressão , Medo , População Rural , Violência , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medo/psicologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Crime/psicologia , Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Violência/psicologia , Adulto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Vida Independente/psicologia , Estudos de Coortes , Modelos Lineares , Bem-Estar PsicológicoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Despite cervical cancer (CC) being a preventable disease, its incidence remains high in marginalized communities due to inequalities that restrict access to health services. This article investigates the experiences, perceptions, and attitudes regarding the screening of indigenous women in a region of the Colombian Amazon during a cervical cancer prevention initiative facilitated by community participation. DESIGN: Qualitative study based on interviews conducted with women and indigenous leaders from Paujil reserve. They participated in research focused on cervical cancer prevention, which employed a methodology of collaboration between academia and communities aimed at enhancing women's health and reducing inequalities in access to healthcare services. The analysis utilized a deductive and inductive approach. RESULTS: Five main themes were addressed: 'Barriers within health services'; 'Individual and cultural constraints'; 'Motivations and facilitators'; 'Positive experiences within the research framework'; and 'Suggestions for encouraging women's participation.' Challenges related to appointment scheduling and result delivery were frequently cited as obstacles to access. Misinformation, feelings of shame, fear, and distrust towards health services played significant roles in the reluctance to undergo screening. Factors such as support from family and community networks, respectful treatment, ease of scheduling appointments, the presence of female healthcare professionals, and involvement of leaders fluent in indigenous languages were identified as positive facilitators of screening acceptance. CONCLUSION: Understanding the factors that influence access to screening is crucial for reducing inequalities in service delivery for indigenous women. The involvement of trained leaders who can identify these factors and motivate women can have a positive impact on the acceptance and guidance of cervical cancer prevention programs.
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BACKGROUND: Nonspecific acute tropical febrile illnesses (NEATFI) are common in the Latin American tropics. Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, Mayaro, and Usutu, among others, can coexist in the American tropics. This study aimed to surveil the arboviruses that cause| acute febrile syndrome in patients in the Meta department, Colombia. METHODS: Between June 2021 and February 2023, an epidemiological surveillance study was conducted in the Llanos of the Meta department in Eastern Colombia. RESULTS: One hundred patients in the acute phase with typical prodromal symptoms of NEATFI infection who attended the emergency department of the Villavicencio Departmental Hospital were included. ELISA tests were performed for Dengue, Usutu, Chikungunya, and Mayaro. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the arboviruses Usutu, Dengue, Zika, Mayaro, and Oropouche. The seroprevalence for the Chikungunya, Mayaro, and Usutu viruses was 41 % (28/68), 40 % (27/67), and 62 % (47/75), respectively. Seroconversion for Chikungunya was observed in one patient; two seroconverted to Mayaro and one to Usutu. The NS5 gene fragment of the Usutu virus was detected in nine febrile patients. RT-qPCR of the remaining arboviruses was negative. The clinical symptoms of the nine Usutu-positive patients were very similar to those of Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and Mayaro infections. CONCLUSIONS: The pervasive detection of unexpected viruses such as Usutu and Mayaro demonstrated the importance of searching for other viruses different from Dengue. Because Usutu infection and Mayaro fever have clinical features like Dengue, a new algorithm should be proposed to improve the accuracy of acute tropical fevers.
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Infecções por Arbovirus , Arbovírus , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Arbovírus/isolamento & purificação , Arbovírus/genética , Infecções por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Arbovirus/virologia , Infecções por Arbovirus/diagnóstico , Adulto , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Febre/epidemiologia , Febre/virologia , Criança , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Pré-Escolar , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/diagnóstico , Idoso , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção EnzimáticaRESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1195779.].
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Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia or Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia (MEH), also known as Heck's disease, is considered a rare pathology of the oral mucosa associated with human papillomavirus types 13 and 32. For reasons not fully understood, MEH disproportionally affects specific populations of indigenous groups around the world. After the first reports in Native Americans, the epidemiology of the disease has been described in different geographical regions mainly related to particular indigenous populations, the majority of the studies are clinical case reports, but the biological determinants are still unknown. Some suggested risk factors include chronic irritation caused by smoking, a galvanic current, vitamin A deficiency, and/or a familial-genetic predisposition; however, the scientific evidence is not solid due the scarcity of case-control studies or longitudinal cohorts. In light of the evidence, further study of the pathology of MEH should be considered and proper clinical trials for effective treatments should be designed. The disease warrants further study as it is considered as neglected by research and it affects rural/remote population groups usually living in adverse socioeconomic conditions.
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Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal , Mucosa Bucal , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Hiperplasia Epitelial Focal/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Etnicidade , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is an economically important nut crop known for its genetic diversity and adaptability to various climates. Understanding the growth variability, phenological traits, and population structure of pecan populations is crucial for breeding programs and conservation. In this study, plant growth and phenological traits were evaluated over three consecutive seasons (2015-2017) for 550 genotypes from 26 provenances. Significant variations in plant height, stem diameter, and budbreak were observed among provenances, with Southern provenances exhibiting faster growth and earlier budbreak compared to Northern provenances. Population structure analysis using SNP markers revealed eight distinct subpopulations, reflecting genetic differentiation among provenances. Notably, Southern Mexico collections formed two separate clusters, while Western collections, such as 'Allen 3', 'Allen 4', and 'Riverside', were distinguished from others. 'Burkett' and 'Apache' were grouped together due to their shared maternal parentage. Principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis further supported subpopulation differentiation. Genetic differentiation among the 26 populations was evident, with six clusters highly in agreement with the subpopulations identified by STRUCTURE and fastSTRUCTURE. Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed distinct groups, corresponding to subpopulations identified by genetic analysis. Discriminant analysis of PCA (DAPC) based on provenance origin further supported the genetic structure, with clear separation of provenances into distinct clusters. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity and growth patterns of pecan populations. Understanding the genetic basis of phenological traits and population structure is essential for selecting superior cultivars adapted to diverse environments. The identified subpopulations can guide breeding efforts to develop resilient rootstocks and contribute to the sustainable management of pecan genetic resources. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of pecan genetic diversity and informs conservation and breeding strategies for the long-term viability of pecan cultivation.
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Carya , Variação Genética , Fenótipo , Carya/genética , Carya/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Filogenia , Genótipo , México , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Análise de Componente Principal , Genética PopulacionalRESUMO
Capuchins can employ several strategies to deal with environmental challenges, such as using stone tools to access encapsulated resources. Nut-cracking is customary in several capuchin populations and can be affected by ecological and cultural factors; however, data on success and efficiency are only known for two wild populations. In this work, using camera traps, we assessed palm nut-cracking success and efficiency in two newly studied wild bearded capuchin populations (Sapajus libidinosus) and compared them with other sites. We tested the hypothesis that the overall success and efficiency of nut-cracking would be similar between sites when processing similar resources, finding partial support for it. Although using hammerstones of different sizes, capuchins had a similar success frequency. However, efficiency (number of strikes to crack a nut) was different, with one population being more efficient. We also tested whether success and efficiency varied between sexes in adults. We predict adult males would be more successful and efficient when cracking hard nuts. We found no differences between the sexes in one site but found sex differences in the other, although also for the low-resistant nut, which was unexpected. Our data add to the knowledge of capuchin nut-cracking behaviour flexibility, variance and potential cultural traits.
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Introduction Congenital Syphilis (CS) is considered the second leading cause of preventable death in developing countries. The last report of the incidence rate of CS was made in 2017. Objective The objective of the study was to estimate the incidence of CS between 2019-2023. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study for which data were obtained from the new cases of CS reported in the Epidemiological Bulletin for 2019-2023 and from the newborn population records reported in the National Institute of Statistics and Geography and the National Population Council. Results In Mexico, the incidence rate of CS is 3.20 per 10,000 births. An increment of CS cases was observed between 2019-2023, with a higher number of cases in 2022. Conclusion A democratization of detection and prompt management is needed to reduce transmission, particularly among the most vulnerable population.
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Leukemia is associated with exposure to radiation, benzene derivatives, and pesticides. Previous research has documented an increase in work-related leukemia in the Latin American Andean region. To date, there are only few studies in Ecuador on the impact of oil exploitation on adjacent indigenous communities. Our study aims to show the impact of leukemia on the working-age population. For the calculation of morbidity and mortality rates, we used hospital discharge and death records from the National Institute of Statistics of Ecuador. These data were collected and adjusted to the corresponding province's population for further analysis. Large differences were observed between provinces in adjusted rates of leukemia mortality and morbidity in the working-age population. The variations in altitude among different areas in Ecuador give the provinces a distinct geographic identity. Likewise, the provinces with the highest morbidity and mortality rankings, such as Azuay, Loja, Imbabura, and Tungurahua, have an average altitude above 2000 meters. As a result, there are variations in the average temperature, exposure to solar and cosmic radiation, and mining and farming methods. The observed differences warrant the future collection of geolocation data for affected individuals. This could help to better understand how leukemia cases have demogrpahic hotspots in the country, identify possible risk factors associated with the disease in each region, and design more effective prevention and control strategies.
La leucemia es una enfermedad a consecuencia, además de factores genéticos, de la exposición a radiaciones, derivados del benceno y pesticidas. Investigaciones anteriores han documentado un aumento de la leucemia ocupacional en la región andina de América Latina. Hasta la fecha, existen sólo unos pocos estudios en Ecuador sobre el impacto de la explotación petrolera en las comunidades indígenas. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar el impacto de la leucemia en la población en edad de trabajar. Para el cálculo de las tasas de morbimortalidad se utilizaron los registros de altas hospitalarias y defunciones del Instituto Nacional de Estadística del Ecuador. Estos datos fueron recopilados y estimadas las tasas ajustadas. Se observaron grandes diferencias entre provincias en las tasas ajustadas de mortalidad y morbilidad por leucemia en la población en edad de trabajar. Asimismo, las provincias con mayor ranking de morbilidad y mortalidad, como Azuay, Loja, Imbabura y Tungurahua, coinciden en tener una altitud promedio superior a los 2000 metros. Hay provincias de baja altitud en la costa y provincias por encima de los 2000 metros en la sierra, lo que le da a las provincias del Ecuador una identidad geográfica distintiva. Como resultado, existen variaciones en la temperatura promedio, la exposición a la radiación solar y cósmica, y actividades de minería y agricultura. Las diferencias observadas, recomiendan la recopilación futura de datos de geolocalización de las personas afectadas. Esto podría ayudarnos a comprender mejor cómo se distribuyen los casos de leucemia, identificar posibles factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad en cada región y diseñar estrategias de prevención y control más efectivas.
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To investigate the potential relationship between HLA alleles and haplotypes and the age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1DAgeD) in an admixed Brazilian population. This nationwide study was conducted in public clinics across 12 Brazilian cities. We collected demographic and genetic data from 1,600 patients with T1D. DNA samples were utilised to determine genomic ancestry (GA) and perform HLA typings for DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1. We explored allele and haplotype frequencies and GA in patients grouped by T1DAgeD categories (<6 years, ≥6-<11 years, ≥11-<19 years and ≥19 years) through univariate and multivariate analyses and primary component analyses. Additionally, we considered self-reported colour-race and identified a familiar history of T1D in first-degree relatives. The homozygosity index for DRB1~DQA1~DQB1 haplotypes exhibited the highest variation among T1DAgeD groups, and the percentages of Sub-Saharan African and European ancestries showed opposite trends in principal component analysis (PCA) analyses. Regarding the association of alleles and haplotypes with T1DAgeD, risk alleles such as HLA-DQB1*03:02g, -DQA1*03:01g, -02:01g, DRB1*04:05g and -04:02g were more frequently observed in heterozygosity or homozygosity in T1D patients with an early disease onset. Conversely, alleles such as DRB1*07:01g, -13:03g, DQB1*06:02g and DQA1*02:01 were more prevalent in older T1D patients. The combination DR3/DR4.5 was significantly associated with early disease onset. However, gender, GA, familiar history of T1D and self-reported colour-race identity did not exhibit significant associations with the onset of T1D. It is worth noting that the very common risk haplotype DRB1*03:01g~DQA1*05:01g~DQB1*02:01g did not differentiate between T1DAgeD groups. In the admixed Brazilian population, the high-risk haplotype DRB1*04:05~DQA1*03:01~DQB1*03:02 was more prevalent in individuals diagnosed before 6 years of age. In contrast, the protective alleles DQA1*01:02g, DQB1*06:02g, DRB1*07:01g and DRB1*13:03g and haplotypes DRB1*13:03g~DQA1*05:01g~DQB1*03:01g and DRB1*16:02g~DQA1*01:02g~DQB1*05:02g were more frequently observed in patients diagnosed in adulthood. Notably, these associations were independent of factors such as sex, economic status, GA, familiar history of T1D and region of birth in Brazil. These alleles and haplotypes contribute to our understanding of the disease onset heterogeneity and may have implications for early interventions when detected in association with well-known genomic risk or protection factors for T1D.
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Alelos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Frequência do Gene , Haplótipos , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Cadeias alfa de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadeias beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Idade de Início , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The genetic diversity found in natural populations is the result of the evolutionary forces in response to historical and contemporary factors. The environmental characteristics and geological history of Mexico promoted the evolution and diversification of plant species, including wild relatives of crops such as the wild pumpkins (Cucurbita). Wild pumpkin species are found in a variety of habitats, evidencing their capability to adapt to different environments. Despite the potential value of wild Cucurbita as a genetic reservoir for crops, there is a lack of studies on their genetic diversity. Cucurbita radicans is an endangered species threatened by habitat destruction leading to low densities in small and isolated populations. Here, we analyze Genotype by Sequencing genomic data of the wild pumpkin C. radicans to evaluate the influence of factors like isolation, demographic history, and the environment shaping the amount and distribution of its genetic variation. We analyzed 91 individuals from 14 localities along its reported distribution. We obtained 5,107 SNPs and found medium-high levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure distributed in four main geographic areas with different environmental conditions. Moreover, we found signals of demographic growth related to historical climatic shifts. Outlier loci analysis showed significant association with the environment, principally with precipitation variables. Also, the outlier loci displayed differential changes in their frequencies in response to future global climate change scenarios. Using the results of genetic structure, outlier loci and multivariate analyses of the environmental conditions, we propose priority localities for conservation that encompass most of the genetic diversity of C. radicans.
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Cucurbita , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Variação Genética , Cucurbita/genética , México , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Genoma de Planta , Genótipo , Genômica , Ecossistema , Mudança Climática , Meio AmbienteRESUMO
Taylor's power law (TPL) describes the expected range of parameters of the mean-variance scaling relationship and has been extensively used in studies examining temporal variations in abundance. Few studies though have focused on biological and ecological covariates of TPL, while its statistical inherences have been extensively debated. In the present study, we focused on species-specific features (i.e. functional traits) that could be influential to temporal TPL. We combined field surveys of 180 fish species from 972 sites varying from small streams to large rivers with data on 31 ecological traits describing species-specific characteristics related to three main niche dimensions (trophic ecology, life history, and habitat use). For each species, the parameters of temporal TPL (intercept and slope) were estimated from the log-log mean-variance relationships while controlling for spatial dependencies and biological covariates (species richness and evenness). Then, we investigated whether functional traits explained variations in TPL parameters. Differences in TPL parameters among species were explained mostly by life history and environmental determinants, especially TPL slope. Life history was the main determinant of differences in TPL parameters and thereby aggregation patterns, with traits related to body size being the most influential, thus showing a high contrast between small-sized species with short lifespans and large-bodied migratory fishes, even after controlling for phylogenetic resemblances. We found that life history traits, especially those related to body size, mostly affect TPL and, as such, can be determinants of temporal variability of fish populations. We also found that statistical effects and phylogenetic resemblances are embedded in mean-variance relationships for fish, and that environmental drivers can interact with ecological characteristics of species in determining temporal fluctuations in abundance.
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Peixes , Características de História de Vida , Animais , Peixes/fisiologia , Ecossistema , Especificidade da Espécie , Rios , Modelos Biológicos , Água DoceRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Optimal diagnosis and management of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) needs access to specialized centers, frequent monitoring, and complex therapeutic options. In underprivileged areas, these necessities can often lead to barriers in delivering care. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the ILD mortality disparities in the regions along the US-Mexico (US-MX) border? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We obtained ILD mortality information through death certificate queries from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention repository. Death data were adjusted for age and stratified by US-MX border regions and nonborder regions in the United States. Log-linear regression models were used to analyze mortality trends in the period from 1999 to 2020 followed by calculation of annual percentage changes (APCs). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were compared across cumulative and subdemographic populations. RESULTS: ILD-related mortality among border regions (AAMR, 5.31) was higher than nonborder regions (AAMR, 4.86). Mortality within border regions remained unchanged from 1999 to 2020 (APC, 0.3; P = .269). Nonborder regions experienced a significant rise in mortality rates (APC, 2.6; P = .017) from 1999 to 2005 and remained unchanged from 2005 to 2020. Mortality was higher within both men (AAMR, 6.57) and women (AAMR, 4.36) populations among border regions compared with their nonborder counterparts (AAMR, 6.27 and 3.87, respectively). Hispanic populations among the border regions experienced higher mortality rates (AAMR, 6.15) than Hispanic populations within nonborder regions (AAMR, 5.44). Non-Hispanic populations encountered similar mortality rates between the two regions. Mortality rates among Hispanic (APC, 0.0; P = .938) and non-Hispanic (APC, 0.2; P = .531) populations in the border regions remained unchanged from 1999 to 2020. INTERPRETATION: These results revealed ILD-related mortality disparities among the US-MX border regions, emphasizing the importance of public health measures to increase access to equitable medical care and implement targeted interventions among these vulnerable populations.