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The increasing use of light-based treatments requires a better understanding of the light tissue interaction for pigmented skin. To enhance comprehension in this area, this study proposes the use of pigmented-mimicking skin phantoms to assess the optical properties based on their tone, represented by the Individual Typology Angle (ITA) color scale. In this study, an epoxy resin matrix alongside compact facial powder and titanium dioxide was used to mimic the absorption, scattering, and shade properties of human skins. Eight phantoms covering the skin tones, light (ITA = 45.2°), tan (ITA = 23.3°), brown (ITA = 6.9°, -5.7°, and -16.9°), and dark (ITA = -34.6°, -41.6°, and -48.6°), were crafted. The absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were obtained using integrating spheres and calibrated spectrometers in the 500-900â nm range, and tones were measured using a commercial colorimeter. The experimental fitting proposed in this study could estimate the optical properties as a function of the skin tones through ITA values, by using an exponential function with a second-order polynomial exponent. This investigation aligns with prior studies involving human skin samples, and these findings hold promise for future clinical and diagnostic applications, particularly in the realm of light-based treatments to individual dermatological corrections in pigmented skin.
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INTRODUCTION: pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign condition that affects the knee, leading to abnormal proliferation of the synovial membrane and the accumulation of hemosiderin in the joint cavity. Although it can be surgically treated, PVNS tends to have a high recurrence rate, potentially resulting in chronic joint damage. CASE REPORT: we present the case of a young woman who experienced localized pain in her right knee due to a recurrence of PVNS. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple multilobulated cystic lesions affecting the entire joint, including the ligaments. The patient underwent open surgical resection with a favorable clinical outcome. Histopathological examinations confirmed the absence of malignancy. CONCLUSION: while arthroscopy is typically the preferred treatment for PVNS, this case highlights the tendency for recurrence associated with this approach. Open surgical resection, supported by benign histopathological findings in this case, suggests a favorable long-term prognosis.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la sinovitis villonodular pigmentada (SVNP) es una enfermedad benigna que afecta la articulación de la rodilla, que causa una proliferación anormal de la membrana sinovial y la acumulación de hemosiderina en la cavidad articular. A pesar de que es posible tratarla mediante cirugía, la SVNP tiende a tener una alta tasa de recurrencia, lo que puede resultar en daño articular crónico. REPORTE DEL CASO: se presenta el caso de una mujer joven que experimentó dolor localizado en la rodilla derecha debido a una recurrencia de SVNP. La resonancia magnética reveló múltiples lesiones quísticas multilobuladas que afectaban a toda la articulación, incluyendo los ligamentos. La paciente fue sometida a una resección quirúrgica abierta, con una evolución clínica favorable. Los exámenes histopatológicos confirmaron la ausencia de malignidad. CONCLUSIÓN: aunque la artroscopía se considera el tratamiento de elección para la SVNP, este caso ilustra la tendencia a la recurrencia asociada con este enfoque. La resección quirúrgica abierta, respaldada por los hallazgos histopatológicos benignos en este caso, sugiere un pronóstico favorable a largo plazo.
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Recidiva , Sinovite Pigmentada Vilonodular , Humanos , Sinovite Pigmentada Vilonodular/cirurgia , Feminino , AdultoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescence are dynamic period in terms of nevogenesis, and the development and growth of new melanocytic nevus are frequently observed. In this study, the aim was to examine the pattern and diameter changes seen in the follow-up of pediatric melanocytic nevus. OBJECTIVES: To describe the pattern and diameter changes seen in the follow-up of pediatric melanocytic. METHODS: Our study involved the assessment of 301 pediatric melanocytic nevi in 50 patients attended at the Dermatology Clinic of Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between January 2008 and 2022. The pediatric melanocytic nevi were diagnosed clinically and dermoscopically. Subsequently, we conducted video-dermoscopic monitoring of these nevi over a span of 3 months to 3 years. RESULTS: 46% of our patients were female (nâ¯=â¯23), with a mean age of 11.5 years. While the pattern of nevi was globular in 40% patients, the rate of globular pattern decreased to 30% in the follow-up. The basal homogeneous nevus pattern was seen in 10% patients, but was detected in 13.9% in the follow-up. Peripheral globules were observed in 19.3% of the cases, but in the follow-up, 61.1% of the globules regressed completely. Nevus excision was indicated in only 11 of 301 nevi. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Single-center study and a small of studies available on this subject. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric melanocytic nevi can show dynamic changes compared to nevi in adults. In this study, growth rates, dermoscopic features, and pattern changes seen in the follow-up of melanocytic nevi were evaluated. The globular pattern was observed most frequently. The presence of peripheral globules is frequently observed in pediatric melanocytic nevi with regression during the follow-up period.
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Dermoscopia , Nevo Pigmentado , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Nevo Pigmentado/patologia , Nevo Pigmentado/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Criança , Masculino , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Seguimentos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Leukodystrophies represent a large and complex group of inherited disorders affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is a rare leukodystrophy which still needs the proper identification of diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of chitinases and neurofilament light chain as biomarkers for ALSP. A cross-sectional study was performed to analyze cerebrospinal fluid levels of chitinases (chitotriosidase and chitinase 3-like 2) and neurofilament light chain in five different groups: (i) normal health individuals; (ii) patients with definitive diagnosis of ALSP and genetic confirmation; (iii) asymptomatic patients with CSF1R variants; (iv) patients with other adult-onset leukodystrophies; and (v) patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (external control group). Chitinase levels showed a statistical correlation with clinical assessment parameters in ALSP patients. Chitinase levels were also distinct between ALSP and the other leukodystrophies. Significant differences were noted in the levels of chitinases and neurofilament light chain comparing symptomatic (ALSP) and asymptomatic individuals with CSF1R variants. This study is the first to establish chitinases as a potential biomarker for ALSP and confirms neurofilament light chain as a good biomarker for primary microgliopathies.
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Introduction: The umbilicus is a unique physiologic scar of human body. Its absence leads to an unnatural abdominal appearance and can cause psychological and social complexes. Objective: To present a case of neoumbilicoplasty with vertical island pedicle flap for a large pigmented umbilical nevus. Clinical case: A healthy 50-year-old female patient with a history of a pigmentated nevus on the umbilicus since childhood that complains of changes in size and color of it. She also referred notice a lump in the upper umbilical region which was an umbilical hernia. The patient underwent an omphalectomy with oncological margins, an umbilical hernia repair and a neoumbilicoplasty with vertical island pedicle flap. Seroma was the only postoperative complication. Aesthetic results were acceptable and satisfied the patient. Conclusions: This is a rare case not only because the umbilical skin lesions are uncommon but the neoumbilicoplasty technique is rarely used(AU)
Introducción: El ombligo es la única cicatriz fisiológica del cuerpo humano. Su ausencia provoca un aspecto abdominal antinatural y puede provocar complejos psicológicos y sociales. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de neoumbilicoplastia con colgajo pediculado vertical en isla para un nevo umbilical pigmentado de gran tamaño. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina sana de 50 años con antecedentes de nevo pigmentado en ombligo desde la infancia, que refiere cambios en el tamaño y color de este. También refirió notar un bulto en la región umbilical superior que era una hernia umbilical. La paciente fue sometida a onfalectomía con márgenes oncológicos, reparación de la hernia umbilical y neoumbilicoplastia con colgajo pediculado vertical en isla. El seroma fue la única complicación postoperatoria. Los resultados estéticos fueron aceptables y satisficieron a la paciente. Conclusiones: Es un caso raro, no solo porque las lesiones cutáneas umbilicales son poco comunes, sino que la técnica de neoumbilicoplastia, rara vez se utiliza(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Umbigo/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Dermoscopia/métodos , Hérnia Umbilical/diagnóstico , Nevo Pigmentado/cirurgia , Seroma/complicaçõesRESUMO
Pigmented corn is a gramineae food of great biological, cultural and nutritional importance for many Latin American countries, with more than 250 breeds on the American continent. It confers a large number of health benefits due to its diverse and abundant bioactive compounds. In this narrative review we decided to organize the information on the nutrients, bioactive compounds and phytochemicals present in pigmented corn, as well as their effects on human health. Phenolic compounds and anthocyanins are some of the most studied and representative compounds in these grasses, with a wide range of health properties, mainly the reduction of pro-oxidant molecules. Carotenoids are a group of molecules belonging to the terpenic compounds, present in a large number of pigmented corn breeds, mainly the yellow ones, whose biological activity incorporates a wide spectrum. Bioactive peptides can be found in abundance in corn, having very diverse biological effects that include analgesic, opioid and antihypertensive activities. Other compounds with biological activity found in pigmented corn are resistant starches, some fatty acids, phytosterols, policosanols, phospholipids, ferulic acid and phlobaphenes, as well as a great variety of vitamins, elements and fibers. This review aims to disseminate and integrate the existing knowledge on compounds with biological activity in pigmented corn in order to promote their research, interest and use by scientists, nutrition professionals, physicians, industries and the general population.
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Antioxidantes , Zea mays , Humanos , Antioxidantes/química , Zea mays/química , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Melhoramento Vegetal , Carotenoides/farmacologiaRESUMO
Several cases of elastofibromatous lesion affecting the oral mucosa have been reported. Clinically, these lesions may appear as small exophytic lesions or less often as white lesions. Therefore, fibrous hyperplasia and leukoplakia are not uncommonly considered in clinical differential diagnosis. Microscopically, elastic and fibrous connective tissue deposition is seen. Rarely, elastofibromatous changes can be detected when assessing intraoral lesions, including cysts, salivary gland neoplasms, and epithelial dysplasia. Here we report two oral lesions showing elastofibromatous changes, expanding their clinicopathological spectrum. The first case was a 46-year-old man with a history of asymptomatic nodular lesion on the palate 1 year ago, diagnosed as giant cell fibroma with elastofibromatous changes. The second case was a 79-year-old woman who presented a pigmented and mildly symptomatic lesion on the mandibular alveolar mucosa several months ago, diagnosed as amalgam tattoo associated with elastofibromatous changes.
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Fibroma , Transtornos da Pigmentação , Tatuagem , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos da Pigmentação/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Fibroma/diagnóstico , Fibroma/patologia , Células Gigantes/patologiaRESUMO
Resumen La incontinencia pigmenti(IP) es una genodermatosis infrecuente ysistémica del neuroectodermo que involucra la piel, el sistema nervioso central, los ojos y los dientes, entre otros. Los signos clínicos dermatológicos constituyen el principal criterio diagnóstico, debido a que suelen ser los primeros en manifestarse. Se describen cuatro estadios característicos de la enfermedad según las lesiones cutáneas predominantes. No obstante, su pronóstico depende de los signos y síntomas extracutáneos. El diagnóstico se centra en criterios clínicos, histopatológicos y/o genéticos. Visto que no existe una terapéutica específica, la atención médica de esta enfermedad es multidisciplinaria y sintomática, y debe acompañarse del asesoramiento genético a los afectados y sus familiares. Presentamos el caso de una niña, nacida a término completo, quien presentó un cuadro clínico compatible con incontinencia pigmenti, del cual detallamos su progresión clínica, diagnóstico y seguimiento.
Abstract Incontinentiapigmenti is a rare and multisystemic,neuroectodermal genodermatosis that involves the skin, central nervous system, eyes and teeth, among others. Dermatological clinical signs are the main diagnostic criteria because they are usually the first to manifest. Four characteristic stages of the disease are described according to the predominant skin lesions. Nonetheless, prognosis depends on extracutaneous clinical signs and symptoms. Diagnosis is based on clinical, histopathological and/or genetic criteria. Considering there is no specific treatment available, the management of this disease is multidisciplinary and symptomatic, and must be accompanied by genetic counseling for those affected and their families. We present in a full-tern newborn femalethat presented with a clinical picture compatible with incontinentiapigmenti, and we will detail the clinical progression, diagnosis, and follow-up.
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Background: Fixed erythema pigmento (FPE) is an allergic drug reaction, the pathophysiology of which is not exactly known. It is more common in women with location on the face. Clinical presentation: round or oval red-purple macule, well defined, with swelling, pain, itching, and burning. Diagnosis is clinical, oral chal- lenge is contraindicated due to possible severe reaction. On withdrawal of the drug, residual violaceous hyperpigmentation remains. Case report: 34-year-old female diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and asthma. She received treatment with ibuprofen and cephalexin 1 month ago due to dental infection. For the past 2 weeks, she has presented dermatological lesions characterized by hyperpigmentation under the lower eyelids, accompanied by pain, burning, and itching. On physical examination, well-defined red-purple pigmentation was observed in both periocular regions. The challenge test is not justified, the clinical history is the diagnostic pillar. The indication is to stop the medication immediately and continue monitoring. Conclusions: EPF is a drug reaction related to drug use. It creates a challenge for diagnosis due to poor knowledge of the characteristics of the dermatosis and poor clinical and pharmacological questioning. The EPF approach requires knowing the clinical characteristics of this dermatosis, making a differential diagnosis with other lesions and indicating the suspension of the responsible medication.
Antecedentes: El eritema pigmentado fijo (EPF) es una reacción alérgica medicamentosa, de la cual no se conoce con exactitud la fisiopatología. Es más frecuente en la mujer con localización en la cara. Presentación clínica: mácula redonda u oval de color rojo-violáceo, bien delimitada, con edema con dolor, prurito y ardor. El diagnóstico es clínico, contraindicado el reto oral por posible reacción grave. Al retirar el fármaco, queda una hiperpigmentación residual violácea. Reporte de caso: Femenina de 34 años con diagnóstico de rinitis alérgica y asma, Recibió tratamiento con Ibuprofeno y cefalexina hace 1 mes debido a proceso infeccioso dental. Desde hace 2 semanas presenta lesiones dermatológicas caracterizadas por hiperpigmentación debajo de párpados inferiores, acompañado de dolor, ardor y prurito. A la exploración física en ambas regiones perioculares se observa pigmentación bien delimitada rojo-violáceo. La prueba de reto no se justifica, la historia clínica es el pilar diagnóstico. La indicación es suspender el medicamento de inmediato y vigilancia continua. Conclusiones: El EPF es una reacción a medicamentos relacionada con el consumo de fármacos. Genera un desafío para el diagnóstico debido al pobre conocimien- to de las características de la dermatosis y un deficiente interrogatorio clínico y farmacológico. El abordaje del EPF requiere conocer las características clínicas de esta dermatosis, realizar el diagnostico diferencial con otras lesiones e indicar la suspensión del medicamento responsable.
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Asma , Hiperpigmentação , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Hiperpigmentação/diagnóstico , Hiperpigmentação/patologia , Prurido/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Asma/diagnósticoRESUMO
Abstract Background: A lot of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) carry the somatic mutation in the oncogene BRAF V600E. But the detailed histopathologic characteristics and the proliferative activity of CMN with BRAF V600E gene mutation have not been systematically documented. Objective: To identify the proliferative activity and histopathological features correlating them with BRAF V600E gene mutation status in CMN. Methods: CMN were retrospectively identified from the laboratory reporting system. Mutations were determined by Sanger sequencing. The CMN were divided into a mutant group and control group according to whether there was BRAF gene mutation and were strictly matched according to gender, age, nevus size, and location. Histopathological analysis, analysis of Ki67 expression by immunohistochemistry and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy were performed. Results: The differences in Ki67 index, the depth of nevus cell involvement and the number of nevus cell nests between the mutant group and the control group was statistically significant, with p-values of 0.041, 0.002 and 0.007, respectively. Compared with BRAFV600E negative nevi, BRAF V600E positive nevi often exhibited predominantly nested intraepidermal melanocytes, and larger junctional nests, but the difference in this datasets were not statistically significant. The number of nests (p = 0.001) was positively correlated with the proportion of Ki67 positive cells. Study limitations: A small sample of patients were included and there was no follow-up. Conclusions: BRAF V600E gene mutations were associated with high proliferative activity and distinct histopathological features in congenital melanocytic nevi.
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Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis is characterized by synovial inflammation and hemosiderin deposition. It mainly occurs in adults, with the hip and knees being the most common sites of involvement. It is associated with high recurrence rates, with open synovectomy being the most common treatment method to avoid recurrences. Few cases of diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis have been reported in pediatric patients, especially in uncommon locations such as the hand. This case presents pathology-confirmed diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis in the hand of a pediatric patient with multiple recurrences despite adequate surgical margins. The patient underwent mass excision with adjuvant radiation treatment after his last recurrence, with excellent functional outcomes and no recurrence at the five-year follow-up.
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Different pigmented corn and sorghum types were evaluated to characterize their biophysical, nutraceutical, and technofunctional properties for the first time. Commercially pigmented (blue, purple, red, black, and yellow) popcorn (Zea mays var. everta) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) of yellow and red colors were analyzed. Biophysical and proximal analyses were performed using official methods. The nutraceutical profile included the total phenolic and anthocyanin content. In addition, rheological, structural, and morphological studies were conducted. The results demonstrated significant differences between the popcorn samples and grain types, especially in terms of their biophysical and proximate features. The nutraceutical profile revealed that these specialty grains contained higher concentrations of antioxidant compounds (up to 3-fold when compared with the other grains). The rheological analysis demonstrated that sorghum grains developed higher peak viscosities than popcorn. According to the structural assessments, the type A pattern displayed peaks at the interplanar spaces corresponding to the crystalline and amorphous regions in all the samples. The data obtained in this study provides a base to further investigate the products obtained using these biomaterials.
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BACKGROUND: A lot of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) carry the somatic mutation in the oncogene BRAF V600E. But the detailed histopathologic characteristics and the proliferative activity of CMN with BRAF V600E gene mutation have not been systematically documented. OBJECTIVE: To identify the proliferative activity and histopathological features correlating them with BRAF V600E gene mutation status in CMN. METHODS: CMN were retrospectively identified from the laboratory reporting system. Mutations were determined by Sanger sequencing. The CMN were divided into a mutant group and control group according to whether there was BRAF gene mutation and were strictly matched according to gender, age, nevus size, and location. Histopathological analysis, analysis of Ki67 expression by immunohistochemistry and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy were performed. RESULTS: The differences in Ki67 index, the depth of nevus cell involvement and the number of nevus cell nests between the mutant group and the control group was statistically significant, with p-values of 0.041, 0.002 and 0.007, respectively. Compared with BRAF V600E negative nevi, BRAF V600E positive nevi often exhibited predominantly nested intraepidermal melanocytes, and larger junctional nests, but the difference in this data sets were not statistically significant. The number of nests (p = 0.001) was positively correlated with the proportion of Ki67 positive cells. STUDY LIMITATIONS: A small sample of patients were included and there was no follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: BRAF V600E gene mutations were associated with high proliferative activity and distinct histopathological features in congenital melanocytic nevi.
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Nevo Pigmentado , Nevo , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Criança , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Nevo Pigmentado/genética , Nevo Pigmentado/patologia , Mutação/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Carney complex (CNC) is an extremely infrequent multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome characterized by distinctive pigmented skin and mucosal lesions, cardiac and noncardiac myxomatous tumors, and multiple endocrine tumors. We herein report a case of CNC and surgical and history of laparoscopic left adrenalectomy complicated with a primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present the case of a 38-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of CNC and history of laparoscopic left adrenalectomy who consulted for severe depression refractory to medical treatment. In the laboratory tests performed, altered ACTH, prolactin, Somatomedin C-IGF-1 and estradiol. An abdomen and pelvis C/T scan was requested, where an 8 mm lesion was found at the level of the right adrenal gland. Laparoscopic right adrenalectomy was performed. Histopathology of the surgical resection specimen revealed PPNAD. DISCUSSION: CNC is an infrequent syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance and genetically heterogeneous. PPNAD is a consistent feature in CNC patients, however, reports of Cushing's syndrome in the literature indicate that only 25-45 % of CNC patients have PPNAD. CONCLUSION: PPNAD can be present in patients with Carney complex, with surgical adrenalectomy history. With an adequate selection of patients, laparoscopic adrenalectomy with subsequent hormone replacement therapy should be performed.
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BACKGROUND: Pigmented (or melanocytic) neurofibroma (PN) constitutes only 1% of cases and is considered a rare variant of neurofibroma containing melanin-producing cells. In addition, the association of PN with hypertrichosis is infrequent. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of an 8-year-old male with a neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) diagnosis, who presented a light brown hyperpigmented plaque, smooth and well-demarcated, and hypertrichosis on the left thigh. The skin biopsy showed characteristics of neurofibroma; however, in the deep portion of the lesion, melanin deposits positive for S100, Melan-A, and HMB45 were observed, thus establishing the diagnosis of pigmented neurofibroma. CONCLUSIONS: Although PN is a rare subtype of neurofibroma, it is considered a chronically progressive benign tumor containing melanin-producing cells. These lesions can appear alone or in association with neurofibromatosis. Since this is a tumor that can be confused with other skin lesions, biopsy analysis is essential to differentiate it from other pigmented skin tumors, such as melanocytic schwannoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, neurocristic hamartoma, or neuronevus. Surveillance is part of the treatment, and surgical resection is sometimes performed.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El neurofibroma pigmentado (NP) o melanocítico constituye solamente el 1% de los casos y se considera como una variante rara del neurofibroma que contiene células productoras de melanina. Además, la asociación de NP con hipertricosis es muy rara. CASO CLÍNICO: Se describe el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 8 años 2 meses de edad con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1), quien presentaba en la cara anterior del muslo izquierdo una placa hiperpigmentada de color café claro, bien delimitada y de consistencia suave, e hipertricosis. La biopsia de piel presentó cambios característicos de neurofibroma; sin embargo, en la porción profunda de la lesión se observaron depósitos de melanina positivos para S100, Melan-A y HMB45, con lo que se estableció el diagnóstico de neurofibroma pigmentado. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque el NP es un subtipo raro del neurofibroma, se considera que es un tumor benigno de evolución crónica de células productoras de melanina. Estas lesiones aparecen en solitario o asociadas con neurofibromatosis. Dado que es un tumor que puede confundirse con otras lesiones cutáneas, es fundamental el análisis de la biopsia para diferenciarlo de otros tumores cutáneos pigmentados, como el schwanoma melanocítico, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, hamartoma neurocrístico o neuronevus. La vigilancia es parte del tratamiento y, en ocasiones, se lleva a cabo la resección quirúrgica.
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Hipertricose , Neurofibroma , Neurofibromatose 1 , Masculino , Humanos , Criança , Melaninas , BiópsiaRESUMO
Burkholderia contaminans, a species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex-prevalent in certain Latin-American and European countries-can cause chronic pulmonary infection in persons with cystic fibrosis. Our aim was to gain insights into long-term lung infections with a focus on correlating how bacterial phenotypic traits in the chronic infection impact on patients' clinical outcome. Genotypic characteristics of 85 B. contaminans isolates recovered from 70 patients were investigated. For 16 of those patients, the clinical status and bacterial phenotypic characteristics, e.g. several virulence factors, phenotypic variants, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, were evaluated. Two clones were found in the whole bacterial population: (i) the multiresistant ST 872 PCR-recA-RFLP-HaeIII-K-pattern clone, which carries a pathogenic island homologous to BcenGI11 of B. cenocepacia J2315, and (ii) the ST 102 PCR-recA-RFLP-HaeIII-AT-pattern clone. The emergence of certain bacterial phenotypes in the chronic infection such as the nonmucoid phenotype, small colony variants, brownish pigmented colonies, and hypermutators, proved to be, together with coinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the possible markers of more challenging infections and poor prognosis. The presence of cocolonizers and the bacterial phenotypes that are especially adapted to persist in long-term respiratory tract infections have a crucial role in patients' clinical outcomes.
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Infecções por Burkholderia , Complexo Burkholderia cepacia , Fibrose Cística , Pneumonia , Humanos , Infecção Persistente , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Fibrose Cística/microbiologia , Pulmão/microbiologia , Fenótipo , Infecções por Burkholderia/microbiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Background: Pigmented (or melanocytic) neurofibroma (PN) constitutes only 1% of cases and is considered a rare variant of neurofibroma containing melanin-producing cells. In addition, the association of PN with hypertrichosis is infrequent. Case report: We describe the case of an 8-year-old male with a neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) diagnosis, who presented a light brown hyperpigmented plaque, smooth and well-demarcated, and hypertrichosis on the left thigh. The skin biopsy showed characteristics of neurofibroma; however, in the deep portion of the lesion, melanin deposits positive for S100, Melan-A, and HMB45 were observed, thus establishing the diagnosis of pigmented neurofibroma. Conclusions: Although PN is a rare subtype of neurofibroma, it is considered a chronically progressive benign tumor containing melanin-producing cells. These lesions can appear alone or in association with neurofibromatosis. Since this is a tumor that can be confused with other skin lesions, biopsy analysis is essential to differentiate it from other pigmented skin tumors, such as melanocytic schwannoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, neurocristic hamartoma, or neuronevus. Surveillance is part of the treatment, and surgical resection is sometimes performed.
Resumen Introducción: El neurofibroma pigmentado (NP) o melanocítico constituye solamente el 1% de los casos y se considera como una variante rara del neurofibroma que contiene células productoras de melanina. Además, la asociación de NP con hipertricosis es muy rara. Caso clínico: Se describe el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 8 años 2 meses de edad con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1), quien presentaba en la cara anterior del muslo izquierdo una placa hiperpigmentada de color café claro, bien delimitada y de consistencia suave, e hipertricosis. La biopsia de piel presentó cambios característicos de neurofibroma; sin embargo, en la porción profunda de la lesión se observaron depósitos de melanina positivos para S100, Melan-A y HMB45, con lo que se estableció el diagnóstico de neurofibroma pigmentado. Conclusiones: Aunque el NP es un subtipo raro del neurofibroma, se considera que es un tumor benigno de evolución crónica de células productoras de melanina. Estas lesiones aparecen en solitario o asociadas con neurofibromatosis. Dado que es un tumor que puede confundirse con otras lesiones cutáneas, es fundamental el análisis de la biopsia para diferenciarlo de otros tumores cutáneos pigmentados, como el schwanoma melanocítico, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, hamartoma neurocrístico o neuronevus. La vigilancia es parte del tratamiento y, en ocasiones, se lleva a cabo la resección quirúrgica.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the clinical and histopathological characteristics of focal oral melanocytic lesions in a Brazilian reference service in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted over an 18-year period. Demographic data and clinical features were collected from the archives, and all biopsy specimens diagnosed as oral melanocytic lesions were retrieved and reviewed. RESULTS: We identified 339 melanocytic lesions. Of these, 191 were melanotic macules, 112 melanocytic nevi, 14 mucosal lentigo simplex, 12 melanomas, 9 solar lentigos, and 1 melanoacanthoma. Lesions occurred mostly in white-skinned (74.2%) women (65.2%). The main reported clinical aspect was the macule (67.4%), and the most affected site was the lip vermilion (25.4%), followed by the palate (22.9%). Melanomas were larger in size and were observed in older patients with an overall shorter time of onset. The most frequent subtypes of melanocytic nevi were intramucosal (44.6%), compound (24.1%), and blue nevus (20.5%). They showed a heterogeneous architectural pattern with the presence of the three cell types. CONCLUSION: The most frequent lesions are melanotic macule and nevus, especially the intramucosal subtype. Patients are usually white-skinned women presenting a small, long-lasting, macular lesion on the lip vermilion or palate.
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Melanoma , Nevo Pigmentado , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Nevo Pigmentado/epidemiologia , Nevo Pigmentado/diagnóstico , Nevo Pigmentado/patologia , Melanoma/epidemiologia , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/patologiaRESUMO
Morphological traits from blood stages have been the gold standard for determining haemosporidian parasite species. However, the status of some taxa and the value of such traits in parasites from reptiles remain contentious. The scarce sampling of these species worsens the situation, and several taxa lack molecular data. A survey was performed in the Magdalena Department in Colombia, where 16 species of reptiles were captured. A peculiar haemosporidian parasite was found in the Turnip-tailed gecko Thecadactylus rapicauda. This haemosporidian does not show malarial pigment in blood stages under light microscopy; thus, it fits the Garnia genus's characters belonging to the Garniidae. However, the phylogenetic analyses using a partial sequence of cytochrome b and the mitochondrial DNA placed it within the Plasmodium clade. Our findings suggest that many putative Garnia species belong to the genus Plasmodium, like the one reported here. This study either shows that visible malarial pigment in blood stages is not a diagnostic trait of the genus Plasmodium or malarial pigment might be present in an undetectable form under a light microscope. In any case, the current taxonomy of haemosporidian parasites in reptiles requires revision. This study highlights the importance of using molecular and morphological traits to address taxonomic questions at the species and genus levels in haemosporidian parasites from reptiles.
Assuntos
Brassica napus , Haemosporida , Lagartos , Parasitos , Plasmodium , Animais , Filogenia , Plasmodium/genética , Serpentes , Haemosporida/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Andean purple maize (APM) is an ancient crop widely used as a natural coloring in traditional Peruvian cuisine. However, it has been little explored within the food industry. The present study assessed how APM impacts on techno-functional properties and sensory acceptance of breakfast cereals. Extruded samples formulated with 100, 75, 50, and 25% APM, and complemented with yellow corn grits (YCG), were analyzed for their techno-functional and sensory properties. RESULTS: Increases in bulk density, as well as reduction in the expantion and porosity were observated for extrudates containing ≥ 50% APM, accompanied by an increase in purple color intensity. Increase in milk absorption index, reduction in milk solubility index and decrease in cereal hardness with increase in APM were also observed. Despite this, APM extented the cereal bowl-life. High sensory scores of overall liking (6) and color (7) were obtained for extruded formulations containing ≥ 50% APM and low values for extrudates with 25% APM. Aroma, flavor, and texture scores did not present significant differences. CONCLUSION: APM is an ingredient with the potential to be used to produce breakfast cereals since it improves their techno-functional characteristics and sensory acceptance, at the same time, it leads to the production of healthy, nutritious, and sustainable food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.