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Role overload in the family can be understood as a feeling of inability to complete duties that are the individual's responsibility, and this hardship occurs due to the accumulation of tasks in the family, which can cause discomfort. The aim of this study was to obtain valid evidence of Family Role Overload in Brazilian samples. Six hundred and forty Brazilian workers of both genders took part in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the Brazilian version remained single-factor and had six items. The multi-group analyses showed configural, metric, and scalar invariance between the groups divided in terms of gender and the existence or absence of children. The scale showed positive correlations with perceived family demands and family-work conflict and a negative correlation with perceived social support in the family. It was therefore concluded that the instrument had psychometric properties that recommend its use in future research.

A sobrecarga de papeis na família pode ser compreendida como sentimento de incapacidade em concluir obrigações que são de responsabilidade do indivíduo, e essa dificuldade acontece devido ao acúmulo de tarefas na família, que podem trazer desconforto. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo obter evidências de validade da Sobrecarga de Papéis na Família em amostras brasileiras. Participaram do estudo 640 trabalhadores brasileiros, de ambos os gêneros. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias evidenciaram que a versão brasileira se manteve unifatorial e com seis itens. As análises multigrupo atestaram a invariância configural, métrica e escalar entre os grupos divididos em termos de gênero e sobre a presença ou ausência de filhos. A escala apresentou correlações positivas com demandas percebidas da família e conflito família-trabalho e correlação negativa com suporte social percebido na família. Concluiu-se, assim, que o instrumento apresentou propriedades psicométricas que recomendam seu uso em investigações futuras.

La sobrecarga de rol en la familia puede ser entendida como un sentimiento de incapacidad para completar las obligaciones que son responsabilidad del individuo, y esta dificultad ocurre debido a la acumulación de tareas en la familia, lo que puede causar malestar. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener evidencias de la validez de la Escala de Sobrecarga del Rol Familiar en muestras brasileñas. Participaron en el estudio 640 trabajadores brasileños de ambos sexos. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que la versión brasileña se mantuvo monofactorial y con seis ítems. Los análisis multigrupo mostraron invariancia configuracional, métrica y escalar entre los grupos divididos en función del género y de la presencia o ausencia de hijos. La escala mostró correlaciones positivas con las demandas familiares percibidas y el conflicto familia-trabajo y una correlación negativa con el apoyo social percibido en la familia. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el instrumento posee propiedades psicométricas que recomiendan su uso en futuras investigaciones.

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Resumen: Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre el bienestar psicológico, apoyo social percibido y sobrecarga en los cuidadores de hijos con alguna condición de desarrollo o discapacidad, conociendo la influencia de algunas variables sociodemográficas en los resultados de las variables psicológicas. Método: Se efectúo un estudio cuantitativo correlacional-transversal y un muestreo aleatorio simple. La muestra fue de 83 cuidadores de niños con alguna condición de desarrollo o discapacidad, quienes cumplimentaron la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff, la escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (MSPSS) y el cuestionario de Sobrecarga del Cuidador de Zarit. Resultados: Los resultados revelan una correlación positiva entre las dimensiones bienestar psicológico y apoyo social, la dimensión sobrecarga del cuidador se correlaciona negativamente con estas dos variables psicológicas. Asimismo, se identificaron cambios significativos en las variables psicológicas al incorporar factores sociodemográficos del cuidador, incluyendo el género, la situación actual y la edad, así como aspectos asociados al menor, como su edad, género, tipo de discapacidad y el tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico. Conclusión: El grado de apoyo social informal que perciben los cuidadores de hijos con discapacidad permite lograr un óptimo bienestar psicológico ya que determina la existencia o no de sobrecarga. Algunas variables sociodemográficas parecen influir en la experiencia de estos cuidadores.

Abstract: Objective: To establish the relationship between psychological well-being, perceived social support and overload in caregivers of children with some developmental condition or disability, knowing the influence of some sociodemographic variables on the results of the psychological variables. Methods: A quantitative correlational-cross-sectional study and simple random sampling were carried out. The sample consisted of 83 caregivers of children with some developmental condition or disability, who completed the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Zarit Caregiver Overload questionnaire. Results: The results reveal a positive correlation between the dimensions of psychological well-being and social support; the caregiver overload dimension correlates negatively with these two psychological variables. Significant changes in the psychological variables were also identified when incorporating sociodemographic factors of the caregiver, such as gender, current situation and age, as well as aspects associated with the child, such as age, gender, type of disability and time since diagnosis. Discussions: The degree of informal social support perceived by caregivers of children with disabilities allows achieving an optimal psychological well-being since it determines the existence or not of overload. Some sociodemographic variables seem to influence the experience of these caregivers.

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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between caregiver burden, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve score, anxiety levels, and the perceived social support of the relatives of patients who had open heart surgery. METHODS: Volunteers among the relatives of patients who had open heart surgery in our cardiovascular surgery clinic and were followed up in the first 3 months were included in the study. The cardiovascular surgeons recorded the sociodemographic data of the relatives of the patients and directed them to a psychiatry clinic for further evaluation. The caregiver burden scale, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve scale, anxiety level scale, and perceived social support scale were applied to the relatives of the patients who participated in the study. RESULTS: Within the scope of the study, a total of 51 individuals, 29.4% (n=15) men and 70.6% (n=36) women, were included in the evaluation. The participants' ages ranged from 32 to 68 years, with an average age of 48 years. There was a statistically significant relationship between the caregiving burden scale score and the scale scores other than age (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of caregiving burden scale score, working status, physical and psychological problems, changes in home life, and changes in family relationships (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The fact that the need for security and intimacy is related to anxiety and depression can be interpreted as the caregiving problems of the relatives of the patients who think that their patients are safe and feel closer to the intensive care personnel will decrease. Their depression and anxiety levels will also decrease.

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Resumen La integración social en los primeros años de universidad ha mostrado ser muy relevante para propiciar que los estudiantes participen de forma comprometida, obtengan buenos resultados académicos y permanezcan en sus estudios. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha impuesto barreras a la integración social de los estudiantes, cambiando las formas de la relación interpersonal. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar un modelo en que el aislamiento y el apoyo social percibidos (variables de integración social) son predictores de la intención de abandono y se encuentran mediados por el sentido de pertenencia. Se realizó un estudio con diseño transversal asociativo-predictivo, mediante la prueba de modelos de mediación, con 700 participantes de primer año de una universidad chilena. Los resultados mostraron un efecto indirecto estadísticamente significativo de las variables de integración social sobre la intención de abandono. A su vez, no se observaron efectos directos de dichas variables sobre la intención de abandono. Estos resultados permiten, primero, indicar que, durante la educación virtual de emergencia, con sus barreras para la interacción social y académica, las variables de integración logran predecir la intención de abandonar los estudios mediante su efecto sobre el sentido de pertenencia; además, orientan las preocupaciones de las instituciones de educación superior para poner atención sobre las condiciones en las que la integración social ocurre en los medios virtuales y con las restricciones de la interacción que le son propias.

Abstract Social integration in university freshmen has proven to be very relevant to encourage students to participate in an engaged way, obtain good academic results and continue with their university studies. The Covid-19 Pandemic imposed barriers to the social integration of students, changing the forms of interpersonal relationships. The objective of this research was to evaluate a predictive model in which perceived isolation and social support (social integration variables) are predictors of the intention to dropout mediated by the sense of belonging. A study with an associative-predictive cross-sectional design was carried out by testing mediation models with 700 first-year participants from a Chilean university. The results showed a statistically significant indirect effect of the social integration variables on dropout intention. In turn, no direct effects of these variables on the intention to quit were observed. These results indicate that, during emergency virtual education with its barriers to social and academic interaction, the integration variables can predict the intention to drop out of school through their effect on the sense of belonging. These results encourage higher education institutions to pay attention to the conditions in which social integration occurs in virtual media and with the interaction restrictions that are inherent to it.

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This study investigates the relationship between social support and moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as the possible relationships between social support and socioeconomic status, gender and body mass index. Cross-sectional study with a non-randomized sample of 71 students (boys and girls) aged 7 to 12 and their parents or legal guardians. Social support and socioeconomic status were assessed using validated questionnaires. Height and body mass measurements were used for the body mass index equation. Moderate to vigorous physical activity was measured by accelerometers. The associations between all variables were tested by a network analysis. Moderate to vigorous physical activity is negatively correlated with socioeconomic status, body mass index and a question from the social support questionnaire: "How many times in the last week have you watched your child be physically active?". We observed a positive correlation between moderate to vigorous physical activity with gender and a question from the social support questionnaire: "How many times in the last week did you provide transport for your child's physical activity?". Thus, moderate to vigorous physical ac-tivity has a negative correlation with socioeconomic status, body mass index and the variable "parents sometimes observe their child to be physically active", and parents who provide transportation for the child to practice physical activity. In future, it is import to consider the network analysis in the intervention studies to promote adolescents' physical activity

Este estudo investiga a relação entre suporte social e atividade física moderada-vigorosa, bem como as possíveis relações entre suporte social e nível socioeconômico, gênero e índice de massa corporal. Estudo transversal com amostra não randomizada de 71 escolares (meninos e meninas) de 7 a 12 anos e seus pais ou responsáveis. Apoio social e nível socioeconômico foram avaliados por meio de questionários validados. Medidas de altura e massa corporal foram usadas para a equação do índice de massa corporal. Atividade física moderada-vigorosa foi medida por acelerômetros. As associações entre todas as variáveis foram testadas por uma análise de rede. A atividade física moderada a vigorosa está negativamente correlacionada com o nível socioeconômico, índice de massa corporal e uma questão do questionário de apoio social: "Quantas vezes na última semana você observou seu filho ser fisicamente ativo?". Observou-se correlação positiva entre atividade física moderada-vigorosa com o gênero e uma questão do questionário de apoio social: "Quantas vezes na última semana você forneceu transporte para a atividade física de seu filho?". Assim, a atividade física moderada-vigorosa tem correlação negativa com o nível socioeconômico, índice de massa corporal e a variável "os pais às vezes observam que seu filho é fisicamente ativo, e pais que fornecem transporte para a criança praticar atividade física. No futuro, é importante considerar a análise de rede nos estudos de intervenção para promover a atividade física em adolescentes

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The role of perceived social support in the acculturation process of immigrants remains unclear. In this study, we jointly evaluated the associations between acculturative stress and negative emotions associated with discrimination as antecedents of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms in 283 immigrants living in Chile. Three competing models were tested via structural equation modelling to assess (1) the association among these variables and mental health symptoms and (2) to clarify the role of perceived social support. The third model was theoretically more adequate, showed a better fit, and explained 42.7% of the variance of mental health symptoms. In this model, perceived social support was associated with acculturative stress by reducing mental health symptomatology. Moreover, a direct relationship and an indirect relationship were found between acculturative stress (through negative emotions associated with discrimination) and mental health symptomatology. These results contribute to the understanding of the acculturation process experienced by immigrants in Chile and provide empirical evidence to be used to improve migration policies.

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a very negative impact on people's overall mental health and psychosocial well-being, but the study of available social support to cope with such an adverse situation has received hardly any attention. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the MOS Perceived Social Support Questionnaire among the Mexican population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Non-experimental cross-sectional study. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study were applied in a non-probabilistic sample. A total of 898 people from different regions in Mexico, 258 males and 640 females, participated in the study in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The analysis yielded a bi-factor model with two factors, Emotional/informational support and Tangible support, with satisfactory goodness of fit indices. Reliability was adequate with a high hierarchical omega coefficient, as well as in the factors. Likewise, the H coefficient was adequate in the general factor and its dimensions. Conclusions: Results showed that the scale is a valid and reliable measure of perceived social support among the Mexican population.

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto muy negativo en la salud mental y el bienestar psicosocial general de las personas, pero el estudio del apoyo social disponible para hacer frente a una situación tan adversa como esta ha recibido muy poca atención. Objetivo: Examinar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario MOS de Apoyo Social Percibido en población mexicana en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Diseño no experimental transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Medical Outcomes Study en una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia. Participaron 898 personas de diferentes regiones de México, 258 hombres y 640 mujeres, durante el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Resultados: El análisis arrojó un modelo Bi-factor de dos factores Apoyo emocional/ informacional y Apoyo tangible, con índices de bondad que se ajustaron a los datos. La fiabilidad fue adecuada con un coeficiente de omega jerárquico alto, así como en los factores. Asimismo, el coeficiente H fue adecuado en el factor general y sus dimensiones. Conclusiones: La escala presenta validez y confiabilidad para medir el apoyo social percibido en población mexicana.

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Resumo O apoio social se refere aos recursos sociais percebidos como disponíveis à pessoa e tem sido fortemente associado a desfechos em saúde física e mental. O estudo atual objetivou avaliar a consistência interna, a validação de construto e a confiabilidade teste-reteste da Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido (EMSSP) em universitários do Centro Oeste brasileiro. As análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória foram realizadas com duas amostras aleatórias e independentes, ambas de 1.147 universitários da área da saúde. O estudo teste-reteste foi realizado com uma amostra de 347 estudantes de medicina e duas coletas com intervalo de 14 dias entre elas. A melhor solução foi com três fatores: família, amigos, e outros significativos, os quais apreesentaram cargas fatoriais variando entre 0,767 a 0,950 e consistência interna elevada (alfa de Cronbach de 0,96, 0,97 e 0,97, respectivamente). O ajustamento para essa solução foi adequado (χ2(g.l.)=380 (49), p<0,001; SRMR: 0,023; RMSEA: 0,077; CFI: 0,993; TLI: 0,990). A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi moderada (Kappa ponderado variando de 0,36 a 0,52). Os resultados sugerem que a EMSSP possui propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis para seu uso com universitários.

Abstract Social support refers to the social resources that a person perceives to be available and has been strongly associated with physical and mental health outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability of the Perceived Social Support Multidimensional Scale (PSSMS) in university students in the Midwest of Brazil. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed with two independent random samples, both consisting of 1,147 students. The test-retest study was carried out with a sample of 347 medical students. Data were collected in two separate moments with a 14-day interval. The solution with the best fit was the three-factor model: family, friends, and significant others. The factor loadings of the scale items ranged between 0.767 and 0.950 and each factor showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.96, 0.97, and 0.97, respectively). The model also attained adequate fit: χ2(d.f.)=380 (49), p<0.0001; SRMR=0.023; RMSEA=0.077; CFI=0.993; TLI=0.990. Test-retest reliability was moderate (weighted kappa ranging from 0.36 to 0.52). The results suggest that the PSSMS has acceptable psychometric properties for use with university students.

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Objetivo: Describir y analizar si el apoyo social percibido modera la relación entre antecedente de depresión (AD) o síntomas de trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y desarrollo de síntomas de depresión posparto (SDPP), evaluado prospectivamente. Método: Diseño longitudinal de tres tiempos: antes del parto (n = 458), primer mes posparto (n = 406) y tercer mes posparto (n = 426). Se utilizaron la Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo (EPDS), la Escala de Síntomas de Estrés Postraumático (PCL-C) y la Escala de Apoyo Social Percibido (MOS). Se realizó un análisis de ocho modelos jerárquicos de regresión lineal múltiple, por cada tiempo de evaluación en el estudio. Resultados: Se encontró una asociación significativa entre síntomas de TEPT y puntaje de SDPP en los tres tiempos. El apoyo social percibido es un factor protector significativo para los SDPP en los tiempos 1 y 2, mientras que el AD es un factor de riesgo significativo en los tiempos 2 y 3. Los resultados no apoyan las hipótesis de interacción. Conclusiones: El apoyo social es un factor protector significativo, que puede disminuir los SDPP; sin embargo, disminuye con el tiempo. El apoyo social no logra revertir la asociación de los síntomas de TEPT con el puntaje en SDPP.

Objective: Describe and analyze if the perceived social support moderates the relationship between depression history or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and the development of symptoms of postpartum depression, prospectively evaluated. Method: Longitudinal design of three times: before partum (n = 458), one month (n = 458) and 3 months postpartum (n = 458). The version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the version of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C), and the version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS) were used. Analysis of eight hierarchical multiple linear regression models. Results: A significant association was found between symptoms of post-traumatic stress and postpartum depression, in the three times measured. The perceived social support variable was found to be a significant protective factor for perinatal depression in times 1 and 2, and history of depression was significant in times 2 and 3. The results do not support the interaction hypothesis. Conclusions: Social support is a significant protective factor, which can reduce the symptoms of postpartum depression, nevertheless the significance decreases over time. However, social support fails to reverse the association of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms with symptoms of postpartum depression score.

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Las últimas décadas favorecieron el proceso de transición demográfica. No obstante, la extensión de los años por vivir no siempre resultó acompañada por mejoras en la calidad de vida. A este respecto, desde la psicogerontología se ha priorizado el estudio de las variables salutogénicas. Tal es el caso del propósito en la vida y del apoyo social percibido, así como dela relación que ambos mantienen con el miedo a la muerte. Temas que cobran mayor relevancia en un contexto de pandemia. El presente trabajo se propone analizar la relación entre dichas variables en una muestra de 103 adultos mayores de CABA, de ambos sexos (Hombres=24,3%; Mujeres=75,7%), con edades entre60 y 83 años, a partir de un diseño cuantitativo-correlacional. Entre los principales resultados, se observan relaciones positivas de fuerte significatividad entre el propósito y el apoyo social y entre el miedo a la muerte y el miedo al COVID-19 AU

The last decades favored the process of demographic transition. However, the extension of the years to live was not always accompanied by improvements in the quality of life. In this regard, psychogerontology has prioritized the study of salutogenic variables. Such is the case of purpose in life and perceived social support, as well as the relationship that both maintain with the fear of death. Topics that become more relevant in a pandemic context. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between these variables in a sample of 103 older adults from CABA, of both sexes (Men=24.3%; Women=75.7%), aged between 60 and 83 years, from of a quantitative-correlational design. Among the main results, highly significant positive relationships are observed between purpose and social support and between fear of death and fear of COVID-19 AU

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Objetivo. Examinar las relaciones entre el apoyo social percibido, actitudes hacia la sexualidad y satisfacción vital entre estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y lesbianas, gay y bisexuales (LGB), en Temuco, Chile. Método. Muestra no probabilística de 281 estudiantes universitarios (70.8% heterosexual, 29.2% LGB), quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Resultados. No hubo diferencias según orientación sexual en las actitudes hacia la sexualidad y la satisfacción vital. Estudiantes heterosexuales reportaron mayor apoyo social general y por parte de la familia y otros significativos que estudiantes LGB; ambos grupos reportaron igual apoyo de sus amistades. Únicamente, el apoyo social fue predictor de satisfacción vital. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de fortalecer fuentes de apoyo para contribuir al bienestar de estudiantes de distintas orientaciones sexuales.

Objective. To examine the relationship among perceived social support, attitude towards sexuality, and life satisfaction of heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) university students in Temuco, Chile. Method. A non-probabilistic sample of 281 university students (70.8% heterosexual, 29.2% LGB) answered an online questionnaire. Results. There were no significant differences between heterosexual and LGB students in attitude towards sexuality or life satisfaction. Heterosexual students reported greater social support from their family than LGB students; both groups reported equal support from friends. Only social support was a predictor of life satisfaction. These results indicate the importance of strengthening social support from different sources to contribute to the subjective well-being of students of different sexual orientations.

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Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido (EMASP) para adultos argentinos. La EMASP cuenta con 12 items que permiten indagar acerca del apoyo social en tres fuentes: Familia, Amigos y Otros significativos. Para este trabajo, se ha escogido un diseño instrumental. La muestra fue de tipo intencional, compuesta por 1278 adultos nacidos en Argentina con edades que oscilan entre los 18 y 83 años y de ambos sexos. En el contexto local, la EMASP muestra propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para cada uno de los factores. La validez cruzada por sexo indica que la Escala presenta índices de ajuste adecuados tanto para hombres como para mujeres. El análisis de la validez externa dio cuenta de las relaciones indirectas entre las distintas dimensiones de la ESMAP con el cuestionario Patient Health Questionnaire (PQH9), que evalúa trastorno depresivo mayor. Se concluye que la EMASP presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en población argentina.

Abstract The present work aimed to adapt and validate the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (EMASP) for Argentine adults. The EMASP has 12 items that allow inquiring about social support from three sources: Family, Friends and Significant others. For this work, an instrumental design has been chosen. The sample was of an intentional type, consisted of 1278 adults born in Argentina aged between 18 and 83 of both sexes. In the local context, the EMASP shows adequate psychometric properties for each of the factors. Cross-validity by sex indicates that the Scale has adequate adjustment indices for both men and women. The external validity analysis revealed the indirect relationships between the different dimensions of the ESMAP with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PQH9) which assesses major depressive disorder. It is concluded that the EMASP has adequate psychometric properties for its use in the Argentine population.

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This study was carried out with 326 university students (126 older adults and 200 younger adults) from 13 universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It aimed to investigate the importance these older and younger students attributed to the social support, identifying the differences and similarities between them. The students completed a questionnaire that included the Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS), using the Exploratory Graph Analysis - EGA method to demonstrate the dimensionality of this scale in these groups. The results showed that promoting social support in the older adults' network could help improve their functional and educational practice and general development. This knowledge emphasizes and consolidates the role of the university in gerontological education. Social support is important for both age groups, with affective and material dimensions predominant in the older adults. (AU)

Este estudo foi realizado com 326 universitários (126 idosos e 200 jovens) em 13 universidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Objetivou compreender a importância que os estudantes universitários mais velhos e mais jovens atribuíam ao apoio social, identificando as diferenças e semelhanças entre eles. Estes participantes preencheram um questionário que incluiu a Escala de Suporte Social (MOS-SSS), usando o método Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) para demonstrar a dimensionalidade dessa escala nesses grupos. Os resultados demonstraram que a promoção do apoio social na rede de idosos pode ajudar a melhorar suas práticas funcionais e educacionais e o desenvolvimento geral. Esse conhecimento enfatiza e consolida o papel da universidade na educação gerontológica. Este estudo demonstrou que o apoio social é importante para as duas faixas etárias, embora as dimensões afetivas e materiais sejam predominantes em relação aos idosos. (AU)

Este estudio se realizó con 326 estudiantes universitarios (126 ancianos y 200 jóvenes) de 13 universidades en el estado de Río de Janeiro. Su objetivo fue comprender la importancia que los estudiantes universitarios mayores y más jóvenes atribuían al apoyo social, identificando las diferencias y similitudes entre ellos. Dichos estudiantes completaron un cuestionario que incluía datos sociodemográficos y la Escala de Apoyo Social (MOS-SSS), utilizando el método Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) para demostrar la dimensionalidad de esta escala en estos grupos. Los resultados evidenciaron que la promoción del apoyo social en la red de ancianos puede ayudar a mejorar sus prácticas funcionales y educativas y su desarrollo general. Este dato enfatiza y consolida el papel de la universidad en la educación gerontológica. El estudio demostró que el apoyo social es importante para ambos grupos de edad, aunque las dimensiones afectivas y materiales son predominantes en los estudiantes mayores. (AU)

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While many studies have examined the impact of forced migration on Venezuelan migrants in Latin America, to date scholars have not examined the effect of certain coping mechanisms, namely social support and emotion regulation. Using data from 386 Venezuelan migrants living in Peru (M = 20.22 years, SD = 1.33, 46.4% women), we investigated whether perceived social support from three different sources (family, friends, and significant other) correlated with emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and suppression) while controlling for the type of cohabitation and time of residence. The results (1) confirmed the originally proposed internal structure of the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, showing reliability and validity even in a sample of migrants. Findings demonstrated that (2) perceived social support from family positively predicted cognitive reappraisal strategy when including friends and significant other as covariates; (3) Venezuelans who have resided longer in Peru compared to more recent migrants used cognitive reappraisal strategy at a higher rate despite perceiving low family social support; (4) Venezuelans who resided in Peru for a longer period of time reported higher suppression strategy use when having low significant other support; and (5) there were gender differences regarding cognitive reappraisal as a dependent variable. More specifically, in men, family was a better predictor than friend or significant other support, while among women, family and significant other had the biggest impact. These results demonstrate the importance of social support elements and time of residence on the healthy management of emotions under difficult circumstances, such as forced migration.

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Resumen Se estudia la relación entre agresión entre pares (incluyendo la agresión cibernética) y el apoyo social percibido en 675 alumnos chilenos, pertenecientes a cursos de sexto año básico a segundo año medio. Se administraron las escalas de agresión entre pares y de apoyo social percibido correspondientes a las variables estudiadas. Los resultados obtenidos, en primer lugar, al evaluar la agresión entre pares muestran diferencias significativas por curso, siendo mayor en niveles educativos más bajos; en segundo lugar, dan cuenta de una relación negativa entre las variables, es decir, cuando los alumnos se insertan en un entorno de agresión entre pares, independiente del rol que ejercen, más bajo es el apoyo social que perciben, coincidiendo con investigaciones previas. Se discute la importancia de incentivar estrategias que refuerce el apoyo social para minimizar los efectos de la agresión entre estudiantes en ambientes educativos e integrar en el aula futuros programas preventivos y de intervención.

Abstract It identifies the relationship between bullying (including cyberbullying) and perceived social support in 675 Chilean students belonging to sixth primary grade to second medium. instruments were applied, the aggression among peers scale and perceived social support The evince that, first in assessing aggression between pairs show significant differences by grade, being higher in lower educational levels and on the other, account for a negative relationship between the variables, ie, when students are inserted into an environment of peer aggression there are lower perceived social support, regardless of the role that they makes, coinciding with previous research. The importance of encouraging strategies that reinforce social support is discussed to minimize the effects of aggression among students in educational settings and to integrate future preventive and intervention programs in the classroom.

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Na tentativa de integrar a teoria da partilha social de emoções (PSE) com a conjugalidade, esse estudo avaliou o impacto da qualidade da PSE na satisfação conjugal e se há diferenças entre homens e mulheres nesse processo. Para isso, 185 participantes, de nacionalidade portuguesa, com idade igual ou superior a 30 anos, que estavam em relacionamento conjugal, responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, à Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação em Áreas da Vida Conjugal (EASAVIC), à Differential Emotion Scale, a um conjunto de medidas e indicadores da PSE, a questões do Inquérito Social Europeu sobre bem-estar subjetivo e à versão reduzida da Escala de Apoio Social (Haslam et al., 2005). Os resultados obtidos relacionaram a qualidade da PSE à satisfação conjugal, sendo que maiores níveis na qualidade da PSE parecem estar relacionados a maiores níveis de satisfação conjugal. Ao contrário do esperado, homens e mulheres não demonstraram diferenças significativas em relação ao impacto da PSE na satisfação conjugal. Visto a possível influência da PSE nos níveis de satisfação conjugal, o estudo demonstrou a importância de serem conduzidas investigações relacionadas à qualidade da PSE nas relações conjugais.

In an attempt to integrate social sharing of emotions (SSE) theory with conjugality, this study evaluated the impact of SSE quality on marital satisfaction and whether if there is difference between men and women in this process. For this purpose, 185 participants, of Portuguese nationality, aged 30 years or more, who were in a marital relationship, answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Satisfaction Assessment Scale in Areas of Conjugal Life (EASAVIC), the Differential Emotion Scale, a set of measures and indicators related to SSE, an European Social Survey questions related to subjective well-being and a reduced version of the Social Support Scale (Haslam et al., 2005). The obtained results related SSE quality with marital satisfaction suggesting that higher levels of SSE quality seem to be related to higher levels of marital satisfaction. On the opposite of what was expected, men and women did not demonstrated significant differences. Considering the possible influence of SSE on the levels of marital satisfaction, this research supports the importance of being conduct researches related to the quality of SSE in marital relationships.

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Resumen Introducción: La psicología positiva ha señalado la importancia del bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes, por ser un precursor del desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes. La investigación resalta la importancia del apoyo social percibido y el ajuste escolar como determinantes del bienestar adolescente. Por ello, este artículo tiene como finalidad analizar las relaciones de la percepción de apoyo social (de familia, profesorado, amigos) con el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes, mediado por su ajuste escolar. Método: Participaron 1035 estudiantes peruanos de educación secundaria, con edades entre 12 y 16 años. Se probaron dos modelos teóricos con variables latentes, uno con mediación total y otro con mediación parcial. Resultados: Los resultados del modelo final mostraron una alta capacidad predictiva del apoyo social sobre el ajuste escolar y de este sobre el bienestar de los adolescentes. Además, se encontró un potente efecto del apoyo de la familia sobre el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes peruanos. Conclusión: Estos resultados contribuyen a resaltar que el bienestar subjetivo es un constructo central en el contexto de la psicología positiva y en el desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes, por lo que debería cultivarse más abundantemente en las escuelas.

Abstract Introduction: Positive psychology has highlighted the importance of adolescents' subjected well-being as a precursor of the positive youth development. Research in this context highlights the importance of perceived social support and school adjustment as determinants of adolescent well-being. Therefore, the objective of this work has been to analyze the relationships of the perception of social support (from family, teachers, and friends) and the adolescents' subjective well-being, mediated by their school adjustment. Method: Participants were 1035 Peruvian Secondary Education students, aged between 12 and 16 years old. Two theoretical models with latent variables have been estimated and tested, one with total mediation and the other with partial mediation. Results: The results of the final model, with partial mediation, have shown a high predictive capacity of social support on school adjustment and, in turn, on the adolescents' well-being. In addition, a powerful effect of family support on subjective well-being of Peruvian adolescents has also been found. Conclusion: These results contribute to highlighting that subjective well-being is a central construct in the context of Positive Psychology and in the positive development of young people, which is why it should be cultivated more abundantly in schools.

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The aims of this study were to identify profiles of women based on their levels of emotional, external and restraint eating, and to determine differences in these eating styles profiles based on nutritional status, sociodemographic characteristics, stress, social support, and satisfaction with the body image. Questionnaires were administered to 884 women aged 20 to 60 living in two Chilean cities. Questionnaires included the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Satisfaction with body image was assessed using a body-image-related single question. Nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics were also assessed. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify profiles based on the three eating styles measured by the DEBQ. LPA allowed to distinguish four eating styles profiles: "women with medium emotional and external eating, high dietary restraint" (Profile 1, 36.64%); "women with low emotional, external and restraint eating" (Profile 2, 25.25%), "women with high emotional, external and restraint eating" (Profile 3, 21.85%); and "women with very low emotional and external eating, low dietary restraint" (Profile 4, 16.26%). Profile 1 had a greater proportion of women moderately satisfied with their body image. Profiles 2 and 4 scored higher in perceived social support and had greater proportions of women satisfied with their body image. Profile 4 had a higher proportion of married or cohabiting women. Profile 3 scored higher in the PSS and had higher proportion of obese and unsatisfied with their body image women. These results suggest that interventions to reduce emotional, external and restraint eating should not only involve the women, but also their family members.

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The beginning of university life can be a stressful event for students. The close social relationships that they can experience can have positive effects on their well-being. The objective of this paper is to estimate the effect of perceived social support on the changes of the hedonic and eudaimonic well-being of Chilean university students during the transition from the first to the second academic year. Overall, 205 students participated (63.90% men and 36.09% women) with an average age of 19.14 years (SD = 1.73), evaluated during their first academic year (2017) and the succeeding one (2018). For the evaluation of perceived social support, the Spanish version of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire "MSPSS" was used, and PERMA-profiler was used to measure hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Changes through the time of hedonic well-being and social support and the correlations between the variables were analyzed. Changes in the perception of social support were analyzed according to four categories of hedonic well-being. The prediction of social support for eudaimonic well-being was evaluated. Results indicated that the perception of students' social support did not change over time. Statistically significant differences were found in hedonic well-being scores in the two measurements, being significantly higher in the first measurement than in the second one. More than 50% of the participants presented a positive balance of affections. The perception of social support is associated with the two types of well-being. Students who had a high balance of affections had a greater perception of general social support than the groups of positive evolution of affections and a low balance of affections. In the case of the friends and family support dimensions, the perception in the high-balance group of affections concerning the low-scale group is greater. Improving the perception of social support increases the eudaimonic well-being of university students. The perception of support that students had during the beginning of their university life benefits their general well-being, which contributes to their mental health.

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Resumen El presente estudio se propuso conocer si el perfeccionismo infantil desadaptativo (en sus dimensiones Auto-Orientado, Socialmente Prescrito y Orientado a Otros) predice los sentimientos de soledad y la percepción de apoyo social, y si estos resultados varían según el sexo de los menores. Se seleccionó una muestra intencional compuesta por 364 niños y niñas argentinos de entre 9 y 12 años (M=10.26; DE=1.08), quienes completaron pruebas psicológicas creadas o adaptadas al país de origen. Análisis de regresión lineal múltiple indicaron que el perfeccionismo desadaptativo predice la soledad en relación con los pares, la afinidad por la soledad y el escaso apoyo social percibido. Asimismo, se hallaron variaciones en los patrones de predicción según el sexo. Se concluye que el perfeccionismo desadaptativo deteriora la vida social de niños y niñas, lo que podría aumentar la vulnerabilidad para el desarrollo de desenlaces negativos.

Abstract This study aims to know whether maladaptive child perfectionism (in its Self-Oriented, Socially Prescribed, and Other-Oriented dimensions) predicts feelings of loneliness and the perception of social support and if these results change according to the sex of the children. A sample of 364 Argentine boys and girls, with ages between 9 and 12 years old, was selected (M =10.26; SD=1.08). The children were evaluated using psychological tests created or adapted to Argentina. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that maladaptive perfectionism predicts peers-related loneliness, the affinity for being alone, and low perceived social support. In addition, variations were found in the prediction patterns according to sex. Concluding, maladaptive perfectionism deteriorates the social life of children that could augment their vulnerability for negative outcomes.