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1.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 71(2): 108-113, 2024 Jun 30.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39298122

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Determine the level of knowledge of mothers of children under 5 years of age about vaccination schedule. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and analytical study, carried out in the Family Medicine Unit 1 of Orizaba, Veracruz, in which two questionnaires were applied to mothers of children under 5 years of age, one prepared by PAHO that qualifies attitudes. of parents about vaccines, and another that evaluates knowledge of immunizations. Absolute frequencies and percentages were estimated; and the association with Pearson's X2 was determined. RESULTS: A total of 138 women were registered, with age limits of 18 to 48 years. The level of knowledge was high (70.3%) and was related to the age, education (p = 0.00) and occupation (p = 0.03) of the mothers. The highest frequencies were for housewives (47.1%), professionals (3.5%), married (60.2%) and of the Catholic religion (81.2%). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the null hypothesis, which indicates that 70.3% have high knowledge about vaccination, and it is associated with the age, education, and occupation of the mothers.


OBJETIVO: Determinar el grado de conocimiento de las madres de niños menores de 5 años acerca del esquema de vacunación. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, observacional, descriptivo y analítico, llevado a cabo en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar 1 de Orizaba, Veracruz, en el que se aplicaron dos cuestionarios a madres de niños menores de 5 años, uno elaborado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud para calificar las actitudes de los padres acerca de las vacunas, y otro que evalúa el conocimiento de las inmunizaciones. Se estimaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes; y se determinó la asociación con X2 de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 138 mujeres, con límites de edad de 18 a 48 años. El grado de conocimiento fue alto (70.3%) y se relacionó con la edad, escolaridad (p = 0.00) y ocupación (p = 0.03) de las madres. Las frecuencias más altas fueron para las amas de casa (47.1%), profesionistas (3.5%), casadas (60.2%) y de religión católica (81.2%). CONCLUSIONES: El 70.3% de las madres de niños menores de 5 años tiene conocimiento alto acerca de la vacunación, y se asocia con su edad, escolaridad y ocupación.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Esquemas de Imunização , Mães , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Vacinação/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
J Multidiscip Healthc ; 17: 205-217, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38250314

RESUMO

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on oral health knowledge and bacterial plaque control in male secondary school students in a Peruvian province. Methods: This quasi-experimental study evaluated 294 male secondary school students in southern Peru. Oral health knowledge was measured with a validated 20-item questionnaire. Bacterial plaque was measured with the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). This was rated as Excellent: 0, Good: 0.1-1.2, Fair: 1.3-3.0 and Poor: 3.1-6.0, before receiving the educational intervention and after four weeks of receiving it. Variables such as age, area of residence, having health professionals as family members, educational level of mother and father, and living with parents were considered. A significance level of p<0.05 was considered. Results: The comparison between the level of oral health knowledge and the OHI-S, before and after 4 weeks of receiving the educational intervention, showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in all the categories of the variables studied. Likewise, before the educational intervention, there were significant differences in global knowledge about oral health among the categories of the following variables: age group (p=0.040), area of residence (p<0.001), educational level (father) (p=0.011) and living with parents (p<0.001). However, after four weeks of receiving the educational intervention, no significant differences were observed in all the variables studied (p>0.05). Regarding the OHI-S, no significant differences were observed in any of the variables studied, both before (p>0.05) and after four weeks (p>0.05) of receiving the educational intervention. Conclusion: After four weeks, the educational intervention significantly improved oral health knowledge and significantly reduced plaque bacterial plaque in male secondary school students in a Peruvian province, regardless of age, area of residence, having health professional family members, educational level of mother and father, and living with parents.

3.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565593

RESUMO

Introducción: El conocimiento preconcepcional de los factores de riesgo que posee una pareja, es vital para su modificación previa al embarazo y lograr una gestación exitosa. Objetivo: Elaborar un sistema de audiencias sanitarias que contribuya al desarrollo de conocimientos sobre riesgo reproductivo y su prevención. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en el Policlínico Comunitario Andrés Casallas, del municipio Unión de Reyes, en el período comprendido entre junio de 2020 y mayo de 2022. El universo estuvo constituido por 101 mujeres en edad fértil. La investigación se realizó en dos etapas, las variables estudiadas fueron: factores de riesgo asociados al riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional y educación preconcepcional, además de las necesidades de aprendizaje, exploradas a través de la encuesta diseñada. Se aplicó una prueba piloto y se emplearon métodos empíricos y estadísticos para la validación de la encuesta. Resultados: En las mujeres estudiadas se observó un predominio de factores de riesgo ambientales asociados al riesgo reproductivo, una educación preconcepcional deficiente que las hace vulnerables, así como un nivel de conocimientos en prevención, evaluado de mal con necesidades educativas sentidas altas, por lo que se diseñaron los componentes que conforman el sistema de audiencias sanitarias. Conclusiones: El sistema de audiencias sanitarias, elaborado en correspondencia con las necesidades de aprendizaje diagnosticadas en las mujeres estudiadas, contribuirá al desarrollo de conocimientos en riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional y a la planificación futura de la gestación.


Introduction: Preconception knowledge of the risk factors that a couple has is vital for their modification prior to pregnancy and achieving a successful gestation. Objective: To develop a system of health hearings that contributes to the development of knowledge on reproductive risk and its prevention. Methods: A development research was carried out in the Community Policlinic Andrés Casallas in the municipality Union de Reyes, in the period from June 2020 to May 2022. The universe consisted of 101 women of childbearing age. The research was carried out in two stages; the variables studied were risk factors associated with preconception reproductive risk and preconception education, in addition to the learning needs, explored through the survey designed. A pilot test was applied and statistical and empirical methods were used to validate the survey. Results: In the women studied, there it was observed a predominance of environmental risk factors associated to the reproductive risk and a deficient preconception education that makes them vulnerable, as well as a level of knowledge in prevention, evaluated of bad with high felt educational needs, so the components that make up the health hearings system were designed. Conclusions: The health hearings system, designed in correspondence with the learning needs diagnosed in the women studied, will contribute to the development of knowledge in preconception reproductive risk and to the future planning of gestation.

4.
Gac. méd. espirit ; 25(3)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534511

RESUMO

Fundamento: El nivel de conocimiento sobre lesiones premalignas en la población geriátrica es un factor significativo que incide en la prevención, evitando la progresión a un cáncer bucal. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes geriátricos sobre las lesiones premalignas bucales. Metodología: Entre septiembre de 2019 y junio de 2021 se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia # 12 del municipio Cabaiguán, provincia Sancti Spíritus. La población estuvo constituida por 158 pacientes geriátricos y mediante un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple la muestra quedó conformada por 80. Se aplicaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico, estadístico y matemático. Las variables utilizadas fueron edad, sexo, escolaridad, nivel de conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y signos clínicos, conocimientos sobre el autoexamen bucal y la conducta a seguir. Resultados: Se constató que el nivel de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo fue regular y sobre signos clínicos y forma y frecuencia del autoexamen bucal fue mal. La mayoría de la muestra en estudio conocía donde acudir y afirmó haber recibido información al respecto. Conclusiones: En su mayoría el nivel de conocimientos sobre lesiones premalignas se observó entre regular y mal con un descenso significativo del nivel de conocimientos en los pacientes de edades más avanzadas.


Background: The knowledge level about premalignant lesions in the geriatric population is a significant factor that influences on prevention, avoiding progression into mouth neoplasms. Objective: To diagnose the knowledge level in geriatric patients about buccal premalignant lesions. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted between September 2019 and June 2021 at the Family Medical Office # 12 of Cabaiguán municipality, Sancti Spíritus province. The population was constituted by 158 geriatric patients and by means of a simple random probabilistic sampling, the sample was made up by 80. Theoretical, empirical, statistical and mathematical methods were applied. The used variables were age, sex, schooling, risk factors and clinical signs knowledge, knowledge of buccal self-examination and conduct to be followed. Results: The knowledge level about risk factors was found to be regular and on clinical signs and form and frequency of buccal self-examination was bad. The majority of the sample under study knew where to go and affirmed that they had received information about it. Conclusions: Mostly the knowledge level of premalignant lesions was observed to be regular to bad with a significant decrease in the knowledge level in more elderly patients.

5.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 70(4): 188, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37933929

RESUMO

Objective: Determine the level of knowledge and acceptance that mothers of children under 5 years of age have about vaccination. Methods: Statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism statistical program. Absolute frequencies and percentages were estimated for the qual- itative variables, and measures of central tendency and dispersion for numerical variables. The level of knowledge and acceptance of vaccination was associated with the variables using Pearson's Chi-square. Results: The level of knowledge that prevailed was high (70.3%) and was associated with age (p=0.00), education (p=0.00) and occupation (p=0.03). The most frequent occupation was housewife (47.1%), the most frequent schooling was professional education (3.5%), the majority were married women (60.2%) and Catholics (81.2%). Conclusions: The null hypothesis of our study is confirmed, obtaining that 70.3% of the population has high knowledge about vaccination in children under 5 years of age, it was also found that this knowledge is associated with age, schooling and occupation of the mothers participating in this study.


Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento y aceptación que tienen las madres de niños menores de 5 años sobre la vacunación. Métodos: Se realizo el análisis estadístico en el programa estadístico GraphPad Prism. Se estimaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas, y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables numéricas. Se asocio el nivel de conocimiento y aceptación sobre la vacunación con las variables mediante de Chi cuadrada de Pearson. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento que predomino fue alto (70.3%) y se encontró asociado a la edad (p=0.00), escolaridad (p=0.00) y ocupación (p=0.03). La ocupación más frecuente fue ama de casa (47.1%), la escolaridad con mayor frecuencia fue educación profesional (3.5%), la mayoría fueron mujeres casadas (60.2%) y católicas (81.2%). Conclusiones: Se confirma la hipótesis nula de nuestro estudio obteniendo que el 70.3% de la población tiene un conocimiento alto acerca de la vacunación en niños menores de 5 años, además se encontró que este conocimiento se encuentra asociado a la edad, escolaridad y ocupación de las madres participantes en este estudio.


Assuntos
Estudos Transversais , Criança , Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Adv Med Educ Pract ; 14: 1287-1298, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38028374

RESUMO

Background: Cleft lip and palate are relatively frequent craniofacial alterations caused by the lack of union of the frontonasal processes with the maxillary processes during the first weeks of intrauterine life. This study evaluated the sociodemographic factors associated with the level of knowledge about management of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients in Peruvian dental students. Methods: This analytical, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study evaluated 191 dental students belonging to two branches of a private Peruvian university (one branch in the capital city and the other in a province), from September to November 2022. A validated questionnaire of 14 closed multiple-choice questions was used. A logit model was used to evaluate the influence of the variables: sex, age, academic year of study, marital status, relationship with CLP persons, place of origin and area of residence, on the level of knowledge of the students considering a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Of the total, 77%, 22.5% and 0.5% presented a poor, fair and good level of knowledge, respectively, on the dental management of the patient with cleft lip and palate. In addition, those who lived in urban areas were 2.8 times more likely to have poor knowledge about the dental management of patients with CLP, compared to those who lived in non-urban areas (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.26-6.33). Finally, sex, age, marital status, place of origin, academic year of studies and relationship with CLP persons were not considered influential factors (p>0.05). Conclusion: Most of the students showed a poor level of knowledge about the dental management of patients with cleft lip and palate, a risk factor being that the students live in an urban area. It is recommended that educational authorities include selected topics on CLP in subjects related to infant, child and adolescent care.

7.
Rev. medica electron ; 45(3)jun. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450123

RESUMO

Introducción: la medicina natural y tradicional puede integrarse a la rehabilitación de los pacientes operados de cardiopatías congénitas, por lo que se requieren profesionales de enfermería con preparación para realizar las intervenciones específicas útiles en estos pacientes. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimientos que posee el personal de enfermería sobre medicina natural y tradicional para la rehabilitación de las personas operadas de cardiopatía congénita. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el Cardiocentro Pediátrico William Soler, de La Habana, durante el período junio-noviembre de 2019. Se aplicó una encuesta diseñada por los investigadores y validada por criterio de expertos. El universo lo constituyeron 100 enfermeras involucradas en el proceso de rehabilitación en práctica diaria, de las cuales se seleccionaron 60 mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Para procesar la información se utilizó el software estadístico IMB SPSS Statistics. Resultados: se identificó el bajo nivel de conocimientos sobre las intervenciones de enfermería en medicina natural y tradicional para la rehabilitación de personas operadas de cardiopatías congénitas, resultado esperado por la insuficiente investigación en ese campo. Conclusiones: el estudio posibilitó identificar las debilidades relacionadas con el objeto de estudio, y propuso el diseño de un programa para la integración de la medicina natural y tradicional en las intervenciones de enfermería para la rehabilitación de personas operadas de cardiopatías congénitas.


Introduction: natural and traditional medicine can be integrated into the rehabilitation of patients operated of congenital heart diseases, so nursing professionals are required with training to perform the specific interventions that are useful in these patients. Objective: to identify the level of knowledge that the nursing staff have on natural and traditional medicine for the rehabilitation of patients operated of congenital heart disease. Materials and methods: across-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the Pediatric Cardio Center William Soler, in Havana, during the period from June to November 2019. A survey, designed by the researchers and validated by expert criteria, was applied. The universe were 100 nurses involved in the rehabilitation process in their daily practice, of whom 60 were selected by simple random sampling. IMB SPSS Statistics software was used to process the information. Results: the low level of knowledge on nursing interventions in natural and traditional medicine for the rehabilitation of patients operated of congenital heart diseases was identified, an expected result due to insufficient research in this field. Conclusions: the study made it possible to identify weaknesses related to the object of study, and proposed the design of a program to integrate natural and traditional medicine into nursing interventions for the rehabilitation of patients operated of congenital heart diseases.

8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36673776

RESUMO

Aim: In dental practice there is a high risk of contact with fluids that may contain SARS-CoV-2. Salivary secretions in the form of droplets are the main route of infection. The present study aimed to evaluate factors associated with epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge of dentists from the north of the Peruvian capital about COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This analytical, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study evaluated 142 dental professionals from the Directorate of Integrated Health Networks (DIRIS) in the north of the Peruvian capital during June to August 2022. A validated questionnaire of 20 closed multiple-choice questions was used to measure the level of epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge about COVID-19. A logit model was used to evaluate the influence of the following variables: age, sex, marital status, children, origin, university of origin, academic degree, work modality, work status and number of training courses. In addition, a predictive model was constructed with the causal variables considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Epidemiological, preventive and health care knowledge about COVID-19 was fair in 17.6%, 34.5% and 57.7%, respectively. Likewise, all the variables analyzed were influential factors. It was observed that being single (OR = 0.05, CI: 0.01−0.26), having studied at a private university (OR = 0.09, CI: 0.023−0.38) and having received four to six trainings on COVID-19 related topics (OR = 0.02, CI: 0.002−0.238) were protective factors against fair knowledge. Conclusions: More than half of the dentists surveyed had fair knowledge about COVID-19. The factors that favored a good level of overall knowledge were: being single, having studied at a private university and having received 4 to 6 training courses on COVID-19-related topics. It is advisable that the competent authorities continue to educate dental professionals with training programs about infection control practices in accordance with the health care work they perform in their specialty. It will also be of utmost importance for the professional to be updated with reliable information accredited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as the WHO.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Criança , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Transversais , Peru/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Odontólogos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde
9.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 94(4)dic. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441806

RESUMO

Introducción: La carencia de hierro es la deficiencia específica de micronutrientes más frecuente en la población cubana. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre anemia ferropénica en madres de niños menores de 1 año de edad. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado en el policlínico "Ramón López Peña". La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 352 madres de niños menores de 1 año de edad, que aceptaron participar en la investigación. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un cuestionario. La variable a evaluar fue nivel de conocimientos. Resultados: El principal grupo de edad de las participantes fue entre 20 y 35 años (60,9 %) y en su mayoría casadas (59,3 %). El 53,1 % de estas cursaron el preuniversitario y 60,9 % cuenta únicamente con un hijo. El nivel de conocimiento sobre prevención de anemia ferropénica según dimensión conocimientos básicos fue alta en 54,7 % de las madres, 53 % presentaron conocimientos bajos en relación con las medidas preventivas, y en el tratamiento predominó el nivel medio en 54,2 % de la casuística. De forma general 38,9 % de las madres presentaron conocimientos medios sobre la prevención de la anemia ferropénica. Conclusiones: Aparte de que las madres presentan un nivel de medio a alto de conocimientos sobre la prevención de la anemia ferropénica, se deben intensificar las acciones de salud, encaminadas a elevar la educación nutricional, como elemento fundamental para su prevención.


Introduction: Iron deficiency is the most frequent specific micronutrient deficiency in the Cuban population. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about iron deficiency anemia in mothers of children under one year of age. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted at "Ramón López Peña" polyclinic. The study population consisted of 352 mothers of children under one year of age, who agreed to participate in the research. A questionnaire was applied for data collection. The variable to be evaluated was level of knowledge. Results: The main age group of the participants was between 20 and 35 years (60.9%) and mostly married (59.3%). 53.1% of them had pre-university studies and 60.9% have only one child. The level of knowledge about the prevention of iron deficiency anemia according to basic knowledge dimension was high in 54.7% of the mothers, 53% presented low knowledge in relation to preventive measures, and on the treatment, the average level predominated in 54.2% of the casuistry. In general, 38.9% of the mothers presented average knowledge about the prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Conclusions: Apart from the fact that mothers have a medium to high level of knowledge about the prevention of iron deficiency anemia, health actions should be intensified, aimed at raising nutritional education, as a fundamental element for its prevention.

10.
Rev. medica electron ; 44(3)jun. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409742

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: las lesiones traumáticas de los dientes ocurren frecuentemente en el ambiente escolar. Sin embargo, los maestros no están preparados para proporcionar un adecuado manejo ante esta situación. Objetivos: evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa sobre conocimientos ante traumatismos dentales en maestros primarios y auxiliares pedagógicas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de tipo intervención educativa. El universo estuvo constituido por 37 maestros primarios y auxiliares pedagógicas de la escuela primaria Juan Lefont Alonso, a los que se les evaluó, mediante encuesta, el nivel de conocimientos previo y posterior a la intervención. Se empleó la variable nivel de conocimientos sobre traumatismo dental. La información fue procesada de forma automatizada. Los datos obtenidos se plasmaron en tablas. Resultados: al aplicar la encuesta, el 86,5 % de los maestros y las auxiliares pedagógicas no tenían los conocimientos adecuados sobre trauma dental en niños; el 97,3 % desconocía las consecuencias de los mismos, y un 2,7 % sí sabía qué hacer ante estos eventos. Tras la intervención, se evidenció un incremento del nivel de conocimientos sobre los temas abordados, debido a que el 91,8 % de los encuestados mostraron los conocimientos adecuados para afrontar estos accidentes. Conclusiones: la intervención educativa aplicada fue efectiva, al lograr un incremento notable del nivel de conocimientos de los maestros y las auxiliares pedagógicas sobre traumatismos dentales.


ABSTRACT Introduction: traumatic lesions of the teeth often occur in the school environment. However, teachers are not prepared to provide adequate management in this situation. Objective: to assess the effectiveness of an educative strategy on knowledge of dental trauma in primary teachers and pedagogical assistants. Materials and methods: a quasi-experimental study of educational intervention type was carried out. The universe were 37 primary teachers and pedagogical assistants from the primary school Juan Lefont Acosta, whose level of knowledge before and after intervention were assessed. The variable level of knowledge on dental trauma was used. The information was processed in an automated way. The data obtained were shown in tables. Results: when applying the survey, 86.5 % of the teachers and pedagogical assistants did not have adequate knowledge on dental trauma in children; 97.3 % were unaware of the consequences, and 2.7 % did know what to do in the face of these events. After the intervention, there was evidence of an increase of the level of knowledge on the topics addressed, because 91.8 % of the enquired persons showed the knowledge to deal with these accidents. Conclusions: the applied educative intervention was effective, achieving a notable increase of the level of knowledge of the teachers and pedagogical assistants on dental trauma.

11.
Rev. inf. cient ; 101(2)abr. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409528

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: A pesar del efecto devastador de la COVID-19, numerosas naciones han levantado sus restricciones. Se hace necesario continuar abordando esta problemática desde la promoción, para incrementar la capacitación de las personas en materia de salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de un programa educativo para incrementar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la COVID-19, en pacientes pertenecientes a Villa Aponwao, municipio Caroní, Venezuela, durante el período noviembre de 2021 - febrero de 2022. Método: Se realizó un estudio de intervención pre-experimental, con diseño de antes y después. Se trabajó con una muestra constituida por 85 pacientes, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. A todas las personas seleccionadas se les aplicó una encuesta, se diseñó y aplicó un programa educativo-didáctico e interactivo y se realizó una evaluación final para comprobar la eficacia del programa. Resultados: El 54,1 % representó al sexo femenino y el 41,2 % al grupo de edades de 25-44 años. Predominó como factor de riesgo el no uso de los medios de protección (28,6 %) y el 17,6 % de los encuestados padecía hipertensión arterial. Antes de la intervención el 48,2 % tenían un nivel de conocimientos Regular, luego de aplicado el programa educativo el 52,9 % se encontraban en la categoría de Bien. Conclusiones: Después de implementado el programa educativo se logró incrementar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la COVID-19, de manera que el mismo es eficaz para prevenir esta infección desde la Atención Primaria de Salud.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Despite the devastating effect of COVID-19, many nations have lifted their restrictions. It is necessary to keep addressing this problem using the promotion via, in order to increase people's health training. Objective: To assess the efficacy of an educational program performed to increase the level of knowledge concerning COVID-19 in patients who live in the Aponwao Village, Caroni, Venezuela, during the period November 2021-February 2022. Method: A pre-experimental intervention study was carried out, with a before-and-after design implied. A total of 85 patients were chosen as sample, selected by simple random sampling. It was applied a survey to all the patients selected, an educational-didactic and interactive program was designed and implemented, and a final evaluation was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the program. Results: Female sex was the most representative group (54.1%) and 41.2% of patients were in the age group of 25 to 44. The predominant risk factor was the non-use of means for prevention against COVID-19 infection (28.6 %) and 17.6 % of patients surveyed suffered from hypertension. Before carried out the intervention study, 48.2% of participants had an insufficient level of knowledge; after applied the educational program, 52.9% increase their knowledge passing to ¨Good¨ knowledge level. Conclusions: The implementation of the educational program made possible to increase the level of knowledge concerning COVID-19, so that its efficacy for preventing this infection in Primary Health Care it is effective.


RESUMO Introdução: Apesar do efeito devastador do COVID-19, muitas nações suspenderam suas restrições. É necessário continuar a abordar este problema desde a promoção, para aumentar a formação das pessoas em saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de um programa educacional para aumentar o nível de conhecimento sobre COVID-19, em pacientes pertencentes a Villa Aponwao, Caroní, Venezuela, durante o período de novembro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. Método: Estudo de intervenção pré-experimental, com um desenho antes e depois. Trabalhamos com uma amostra composta por 85 pacientes, selecionados por amostragem aleatória simples. Aplicou-se um questionário a todas as pessoas selecionadas, desenhou-se e aplicou-se um programa educativo-didático e interativo e realizou-se uma avaliação final para verificar a eficácia do programa. Resultados: 54,1% representavam o sexo feminino e 41,2% a faixa etária de 25 a 44 anos. A não utilização de meios de proteção prevaleceu como fator de risco (28,6%) e 17,6% dos entrevistados sofriam de hipertensão. Antes da intervenção, 48,2% possuíam nível de conhecimento Regular, após a aplicação do programa educativo, 52,9% estavam na categoria Bom. Conclusões: Após a implementação do programa educativo, aumentou-se o nível de conhecimento sobre a COVID-19, para que seja eficaz na prevenção desta infecção a partir da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

12.
Multimed (Granma) ; 25(6): e1996, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356535

RESUMO

RESUMEN El micrognatismo transversal es una anomalía de volumen de los maxilares en sentido transversal. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar los factores hipotéticamente influyentes en la aparición del micrognatismo transversal en escolares. Se realizó un estudio de caso y control y otro cuasi-experimental, para evaluar los resultados del proyecto ramal acerca del tratamiento del micrognatismo transversal relacionado con hábitos bucales deformantes en escolares de la Escuela Primaria "Ciro Redondo" en el período de 2015 a 2018. Se estudiaron variables como: edad, sexo, nivel de conocimiento y hábitos bucales deformantes. Predominaron los niños de 8 años de edad con 37,36 %; el 58,24 % de las niñas presentó micrognatismo transversal; la respiración bucal mostró una clara asociación con la aparición de micrognatismo transversal; en los escolares con empuje lingual, el riesgo fue 6,80 (IC 95 % 3,90-11,80) veces mayor de padecer micrognatismo transversal; después de aplicada la fase de la intervención, se obtuvo un incremento en la categoría Bien con 172 escolares que representó el 75,44 % del total de la población de estudio y el 63,16 % de los padres fueron evaluados de Bien. Se concluye que los hábitos bucales deformantes que constituyeron factores de riesgo fueron la respiración bucal como factor con mayor influencia sobre la aparición del micrognatismo transversal, seguidos del empuje lingual, la succión digital y las edades de 8 y 9 años. Predominó el alto nivel de conocimiento de los escolares y de los padres o responsables luego de la intervención.


ABSTRACT Transverse micrognathism is a volume abnormality of the jaws in the transverse direction. The objective of the work was to determine the hypothetically influencing factors in the appearance of transverse micrognathism in schoolchildren. A case-control study and a quasi-experimental study were carried out to evaluate the results of the branch project on the treatment of transverse micrognathism related to deforming oral habits in schoolchildren from the "Ciro Redondo" Primary School in the period from 2015 to 2018. Variables such as: age, sex, level of knowledge and deforming oral habits were studied. 8-year-old children predominated with 37,36 %; 58,24% of the girls presented transverse micrognathism; mouth breathing showed a clear association with the appearance of transverse micrognathism; in schoolchildren with tongue thrusting, the risk was 6.80 (95% CI 3.90-11.80) times higher for transverse micrognathism; After applying the intervention phase, an increase was obtained in the Good category with 172 schoolchildren representing 75,44% of the total study population and 63,16% of the parents were evaluated as Good. It is concluded that the deforming oral habits that constituted risk factors were mouth breathing as the factor with the greatest influence on the appearance of transverse micrognathism, followed by tongue thrusting, digital suction, and the ages of 8 and 9 years. The high level of knowledge of the schoolchildren and of the parents or guardians after the intervention prevailed.


RESUMO Micrognatismo transversal é uma anormalidade de volume das mandíbulas na direção transversal. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os fatores de influência hipotética no aparecimento do micrognatismo transversal em escolares. Um estudo de caso-controle e um estudo quase experimental foram realizados para avaliar os resultados do projeto do ramo sobre o tratamento do micrognatismo transversal relacionado à deformação dos hábitos orais em escolares da Escola Primária "Ciro Redondo" no período de 2015 a 2018. Foram estudadas variáveis ​​como: idade, sexo, nível de conhecimento e hábitos orais deformadores. As crianças de 8 anos predominaram com 37,36%; 58,24% das meninas apresentaram micrognatismo transversal; a respiração bucal mostrou uma associação clara com o aparecimento de micrognatismo transversal; em escolares com impulso de língua, o risco foi 6,80 (IC95% 3,90-11,80) vezes maior para micrognatismo transversal; Após a aplicação da fase de intervenção, obteve-se um aumento na categoria Bom, com 172 escolares representando 75,44% da população total do estudo e 63,16% dos pais foram avaliados como Bom. Conclui-se que os hábitos bucais deformadores que constituíram fatores de risco foram a respiração bucal como o fator de maior influência no aparecimento do micrognatismo transverso, seguido de estiramento da língua, sucção digital e idades de 8 e 9 anos. O alto nível de conhecimento dos escolares e dos pais ou responsáveis ​​após a intervenção prevaleceu.

13.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 23(3)dic. 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1409175

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es uno de los grandes retos para los profesionales de la salud; constituye un problema que causa discapacidad funcional, disminución de la calidad de vida y elevados costos a los sistemas sanitarios. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad renal crónica de los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Provincial General Docente de Riobamba, sus familiares y el personal de enfermería. Métodos: Investigación básica, no experimental, descriptiva, de corte transversal y con enfoque mixto. El universo estuvo constituido por 96 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica y la muestra quedó conformada por un total de 78 pacientes. Igualmente se investigaron 78 familiares y 40 profesionales de enfermería que atienden pacientes con esta enfermedad. Se aplicaron cuestionarios para identificar características clínicas y nivel de conocimiento sobre el manejo de la enfermedad en las personas participantes en el estudio. Resultados: Existe un porciento elevado de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica inferior a 40 años (15,38 por ciento). La totalidad de los familiares y del personal de enfermería no han recibido cursos de capacitación sobre el manejo de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Existe un nivel de conocimiento medio en el personal de enfermería y bajo en los pacientes y sus familiares en relación con el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Se necesita realizar actividades de capacitación orientadas a cada uno de los grupos de personas incluidas en el estudio(AU)


Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is one of the great challenges for health professionals; it constitutes a health problem that generates functional disability, decreased quality of life and high costs to health systems. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about chronic kidney disease in patients treated at the Riobamba Provincial General Teaching Hospital, their families and the nursing staff. Methodology: A basic, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional research with a mixed approach was developed. The universe consisted of 96 patients with a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and the sample was made up of a total of 78 patients. Likewise, 78 family members and 40 nursing professionals who care for patients with this disease were investigated. Questionnaires were applied to identify clinical characteristics and level of knowledge about the management of the disease in the people participating in the study. Results: There is a high percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease less than 40 years old (15.38 percent). All the family members and the nursing staff have not received training courses on disease management. Conclusions: There is a medium level of knowledge in the nursing staff and low in the patients and their families in relation to the management of patients with chronic kidney disease. Training activities aimed at each of the groups of people included in the study need to be carried out(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais
14.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 20(2): e3162, mar.-abr. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1251805

RESUMO

Introducción: La succión digital se ha descrito como un hábito común en la infancia, pero su persistencia, acompañada de un patrón esqueletal desfavorable ocasiona diversas anomalías. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de un programa de intervención educativa en niños de 6 a 11 años con hábito de succión digital, pertenecientes a las escuelas primarias Julio Pérez y Domingo Lence del municipio San Antonio de los Baños. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental. De un universo de 107 niños que practicaban hábitos deletéreos, se seleccionó una muestra de 42 teniendo en cuenta los criterios de inclusión. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, nivel de conocimiento, anomalías dentomaxilofaciales y abandono del hábito. Los datos se tomaron de los resultados de la aplicación de un cuestionario. En el análisis de la información se utilizó el porcentaje y se confeccionaron tablas estadísticas y gráfico. Se usaron métodos teóricos, empíricos, estadísticos y el análisis documental. Resultados: Los niños entre 6 y 7 años fueron 47,6 por ciento y el sexo femenino, 73,8 por ciento. Dentro de las anomalías dentomaxilofaciales, la disfunción labial se presentó en 95,2 por ciento y el resalte aumentado en 92,8 por ciento. El 83.3 por ciento de los niños finalizaron con un conocimiento adecuado. El 78,6 por ciento abandonó el hábito. Conclusiones: Predominaron las hembras y el grupo de edad de 6 a 7 años. Las anomalías dentomaxilofaciales más frecuentes fueron la disfunción labial seguido del resalte aumentado. Aumentó el nivel de conocimientos y el abandono del hábito fue elevado(AU)


Introduction: Digital suction has been described as a common habit in childhood, but it can cause several anomalies if it is persistent and accompanied by an unfavorable skeletal pattern. Objective: To evaluate the results of an educational intervention program performed in children aged 6 -11 years with the habit of digital suction who belong to Julio Pérez and Domingo Lence elementary schools, San Antonio de los Baños municipality. Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted. A sample of 42 children was selected from a universe that was made up of 107 children with deleterious habits, keeping in mind inclusion criteria. The variables analyzed included: age, sex, level of knowledge, dental and maxillofacial anomalies and cessation of the habit. The data were taken from the results of the application of a questionnaire. Percentages were used for the analysis of the information and statistical tables and figures were developed. Theoretical, empirical, and statistical methods were used; documentary analysis was also carried out. Results: The condition predominated in children aged 6 - 7 years (47,6 percent) and the female sex (73,8 percent). Among dental and maxillofacial anomalies, labial dysfunction was identified in 95,2 percent of children and augmentation of projection was present in 92,8 percent of the cases. Also, 83.3 percent of children developed an appropriate knowledge and 78,6 percent eradicated the habit. Conclusions: Female children and the age group between 6 and 7 years of age predominated in the study. The most frequent dental and maxillofacial anomalies were labial dysfunction followed by augmentation of projection. The level of knowledge increased and the cessation of the habit was high(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Inquéritos e Questionários , Intervenção Educacional Precoce , Sucção de Dedo , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados não Aleatórios como Assunto , Grupos Etários
15.
Educ. med. super ; 35(1): e2016, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1249725

RESUMO

Introducción: La ejecución de maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar por las personas que han presenciado un paro aumenta siete veces las posibilidades de supervivencia. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una demostración de situación clínica simulada realizada en los domicilios para elevar el nivel de conocimientos sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar básica en el adulto. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo antes y después sin grupo control entre septiembre y diciembre de 2018. El universo estuvo conformado por 620 pacientes pertenecientes a un consultorio del policlínico 19 de abril de Plaza de la Revolución. Se seleccionó una muestra de 200 pacientes y se les aplicó una encuesta, realizada por los autores, antes y después de la intervención, la cual se sometió a test alfa para la validación interna. Para la evaluación de la demostración se utilizó la prueba t de student, un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y un análisis post hoc. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 45,45 ± 14,45 años. El sexo femenino predominó con 102 personas (51 por ciento). Hubo 63 (32 por ciento) pacientes con nivel de técnico medio. La diferencia de las medias de puntos antes y después de la demostración fue estadísticamente significativa en todos los grados de escolaridad (p ˂ 0,001). Hubo diferencias en el aumento de puntos después de la demostración entre los universitarios y las personas con sexto grado (p = 0,013). Conclusiones: Realizar una demostración con una situación clínica simulada constituyó una herramienta efectiva para elevar el nivel de conocimiento de la población en estudio, independientemente del nivel de escolaridad(AU)


Introduction: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases the chances of survival by seven times. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a simulated clinical situation carried out in homes to raise the level of knowledge about basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults. Methods: A before-and-after study without a control group was carried out between September and December 2018. The universe consisted of 620 patients from a family doctor's office belonging to 19 de Abril Outpatient Polyclinic in Plaza de la Revolución Municipality (Havana, Cuba). A sample of 200 patients was selected and a survey was applied on them, carried out by the authors, before and after the intervention, which was subjected to an alpha test for internal validation. For the assessment of the demonstration, Student's t test, variance analysis (ANOVA) and a post hoc analysis were used. Results: The mean age was 45.45 ± 14.45 years. The female sex predominated, with 102 people (51 percent). There were 63 (32 percent) patients with an associate's degree. The difference in the means of scores before and after the demonstration was statistically significant in all school levels (P˂0.001). There were differences in the increase of scores after the simulated performance between the university students and the people with sixth grade (P=0.013). Conclusions: Performance of a simulated clinical situation was an effective tool to raise the level of knowledge of the population under study, regardless of their level of education(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/educação , Conhecimento , Promoção da Saúde , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados não Aleatórios como Assunto , Visita Domiciliar
16.
Multimed (Granma) ; 25(1): e2188, ene.-feb. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149435

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: el incremento de la conducta suicida en adolescentes es un importante problema de salud, por lo que capacitar a los padres sobre la prevención del suicidio en ese grupo poblacional es uno de los grandes retos para los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa sobre la prevención del suicidio en adolescentes. Métodos: investigación cuasiexperimental, antes y después, sin grupo control, con 71padres de adolescentes con antecedentes de un intento suicida durante los años 2018-2019 del Policlínico René Vallejo Ortiz, de Bayamo. Previo consentimiento informado, se identificaron necesidades de aprendizaje y se diseñó una intervención educativa que fue sometida al criterio de expertos. Se midió el conocimiento antes y después de aplicada la intervención. Se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, se aplicó el test de McNemar con un nivel de significación p<0,05. Resultados: antes de la intervención predominaron los padres con conocimientos inadecuados sobre los cambios que sufren los adolescentes (57,7%), la sexualidad de sus hijos (59,2%), los factores de riesgo (49,3%) y los factores protectores (57,7%) de la conducta suicida. La segunda evaluación, después de la intervención educativa, mostró un incremento significativo del nivel de conocimientos en todos los aspectos señalados. Conclusiones: la estrategia educativa incrementó el conocimiento de los padres sobre la prevención del suicidio en la adolescencia, considerándose efectiva.


ABSTRACT Introduction: the increase in suicidal behavior in adolescents is an important health problem, so training parents on suicide prevention in this population group is one of the great challenges for health professionals. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy on the prevention of suicide in adolescents. Methods: quasiexperimental research, before and after, without a control group, with 71 parents of adolescents with a history of a suicide attempt during the years 2018-2019 at the René Vallejo Ortiz Polyclinic in Bayamo. With prior informed consent, learning needs were identified and an educational intervention was designed that was subjected to the judgment of experts. Knowledge was measured before and after the intervention was applied. Absolute and relative frequencies were used, the McNemar test was applied with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: before the intervention, parents with inadequate knowledge about the changes suffered by adolescents (57.7%), the sexuality of their children (59.2%), the risk factors (49.3%) and the protective factors (57.7%) of suicidal behavior. The second evaluation, after the educational intervention, showed a significant increase in the level of knowledge in all the indicated aspects. Conclusions: the educational strategy increased the parents' knowledge about suicide prevention in adolescence, considering it effective.


RESUMO Introdução: o aumento do comportamento suicida em adolescentes é um importante problema de saúde, portanto, treinar os pais para a prevenção do suicídionesse grupo populacional é um dos grandes desafios dos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de umaestratégia educativa na prevenção do suicídio em adolescentes. Métodos: pesquisa quase experimental, antes e depois, sem grupo controle, com 71 pais de adolescentes com história de tentativa de suicídio durante os anos 2018-2019 na Policlínica René Vallejo Ortiz, em Bayamo. Com o consentimento prévio informado, as necessidades de aprendizagem foram identificadas e uma intervenção educacional foi elaborada que foi submetida ao julgamento de especialistas. O conhecimento foi medido antes e depois da aplicação da intervenção. Foram utilizadas frequências absolutas e relativas, sendo aplicado o teste de McNemar com nível de significância de p <0,05. Resultados: antes da intervenção, os pais com conhecimento inadequado sobre as mudanças sofridas pelos adolescentes (57,7%), a sexualidade de seus filhos (59,2%), os fatores de risco (49,3%) e os fatores de proteção (57,7%) do comportamento suicida. A segunda avaliação, após a intervenção educativa, mostrou um aumento significativo no nível de conhecimento em todos os aspectos indicados. Conclusões: a estratégia educativa aumentou o conhecimento dos pais sobre a prevenção do suicídio na adolescência, considerando-a eficaz.

17.
Rev Cient Odontol (Lima) ; 9(3): e072, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38464857

RESUMO

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge about oral cancer of third, fourth- and fifth-year students of dentistry at the Cientifica del Sur University in 2020. Materials and methods: A questionnaire on knowledge of oral cancer was carried out in 166 students in the third, fourth and fifth year of dentistry. This questionnaire consisted of 24 multiple-choice questions about epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Results: A significant association was found between the level of knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of oral cancer and the year of study. Conclusion: Third-year students had the highest percentage in relation to the level of knowledge about etiopathogenesis.

18.
Rev. estomat. salud ; 28(1): 3-10, 20201201.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145685

RESUMO

Objective: To develop an educational intervention in caregivers and to know its impact on oral hygiene of older adults. Materials and methods: An intervention study was conducted with pre- and post-test design in a group of older adults of a rest house in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, 2018. The oral hygiene of older adults was evaluated through the simplified index of oral hygiene. Once a week, an educational intervention was performed on oral health issues in caregivers. Results: 6 older adults participated, all of them women (100%). The mean age was 82.50 years (± 9.7). The impact of the intervention improved the level of oral hygiene of older adults by 33.72%. Conclusions: Educational intervention in older caregivers achieved significant changes in oral hygiene. Future intervention programmes should include assessments in the following months to assess long-term effects.


Objetivo: Desarrollar una intervención educativa en cuidadores y conocer su impacto en la higiene bucal de los adultos mayores institucionalizados. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de intervención con diseño de pre y postprueba en un grupo de adultos mayores institucionalizados de una casa de descanso en Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, 2018. La higiene bucal de los adultos mayores se evaluó por medio del Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado. Una vez a la semana se realizaba una intervención educativa sobre temas de salud bucal en los cuidadores. Resultados: Participaron 6 adultos mayores de los cuales todos eran mujeres (100%). La edad media fue de 82.50 años (± 9.7). El impacto de la intervención mejoró el nivel de higiene bucal de los adultos mayores en un 33.72%. Conclusiones:La intervención educativa en los cuidadores de adultos mayores logró cambios significativos en la higiene bucal. Dentro de los futuros programas de intervención debería incluirse el hacer evaluaciones en los siguientes meses para valorar los efectos a largo plazo.

19.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 22(3): e780, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1144527

RESUMO

Introducción: La gota es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por cuadros inflamatorios monoarticulares fundamentalmente en miembros inferiores, cuyos factores de riesgo están relacionados con la nutrición: La principal complicación ocurre a nivel renal. Objetivo: Identificar el patrón nutricional de los pacientes con gota atendidos en la Consulta de Nutrición del Hospital Andino de Chimborazo entre enero del 2018 y julio del 2019. Métodos: Investigación básica, descriptiva y transversal; el universo fueron 53 pacientes con diagnóstico de gota. La muestra quedó constituida por 47 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se determinó el patrón alimentario teniendo en cuenta el estado nutricional, el perfil lipídico y el nivel de conocimiento sobre nutrición saludable. Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 58,72 años, con predominio de pacientes blancos (55,32 por ciento) entre 50 y 59 años (44,68 por ciento) y con tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad entre 1 y 5 años (61,70 por ciento). En el 82,98 por ciento de ellos se identificaron alteraciones nutricionales por exceso, mientras que el 51,06 por ciento de ellos tenía un nivel de conocimiento bajo sobre nutrición saludable. Los triglicéridos estuvieron elevados en el 46,81 por ciento de los pacientes, mientras que el 38,30 por ciento presentó aumento del colesterol total. Conclusiones: Entre los pacientes con diagnóstico de gota existió un predominio de patrones nutricionales inadecuados. Los factores principales fueron el bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre nutrición saludable y los trastornos nutricionales por exceso. Los patrones nutricionales inadecuados favorecen la actividad de la xantino oxidasa, que aumenta la producción de ácido úrico y su acumulación sérica y articular(AU)


Introduction: Gout is a metabolic disease characterized by mono-articular inflammatory conditions primarily in the lower limbs; The main complication occurs at the renal level. Objective: The dietary pattern of patients with drops treated at the Andean Hospital of Chimborazo in the period between January 2018 and July 2019. Methods: Basic, descriptive and correlational research, universe to 53 patients with gout diagnosis. The sample consisted of 47 cases that met the inclusion criteria. The eating pattern was determined taking into account nutritional status, lipid profile and level of knowledge about healthy nutrition. Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to identify relationship between variables. Results: Average age of 58.72 years with a predominance of patients between 50 and 59 years (44.68 percent) and with time of evolution of the disease between 1 and 5 years (61.70 percent). In 82.98 percent of the patients, excess nutritional alterations were identified, while 51.06 percent of them presented a low level of knowledge about healthy nutrition. Triglycerides were elevated in 46.81 percent of the patients, while 38.30 percent had an increase in total cholesterol. Conclusions: There was a predominance of patients with a diagnosis of gout and adequate nutritional patterns. The greatest effects were the low level of knowledge about healthy nutrition and the increased presence of excess nutritional disorders. Inadequate nutritional patterns favor the activity of xanthine oxidase by increasing the production of uric acid and its serum and joint accumulation(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Ciências da Nutrição , Dieta Saudável , Gota/diagnóstico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais
20.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: biblio-1292181

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue determinar la asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento y las prácticas de cuidadores sobre alimentación infantil de niños de 2 a 5 años que acudían al Hospital Materno Infantil de Loma Pytá de la ciudad de Asunción en junio de 2019. Estudio observacional, analítico de corte transverso. La población a estudiar estuvo compuesta por cuidadores de niños de 2 a 5 años que consultaban en el Hospital Materno Infantil de Loma Pytá del Ministerio de Salud. Se aplicó un cuestionario en el cual se incluyeron preguntas en relación nivel de conocimientos y prácticas a los cuidadores sobre alimentación de sus niños, además de una frecuencia alimentaria. En cuanto al nivel de conocimiento sobre los hábitos alimentarios que tenían los cuidadores de los niños, la mayoría tenía un conocimiento medio (40%). En relación a las prácticas sobre los hábitos alimentarios que los cuidadores tenían respecto a los niños, 80% de ellos tenían un nivel inadecuado. En cuanto a la asociación entre el nivel de conocimientos y el nivel de práctica se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre estas variables con un valor de p<0,001 para la prueba de Chi Cuadrado. Esto significa que existía relación entre lo que sabían los cuidadores de estos niños y las prácticas que realizaban


The objective of this research work was to determine the association between the level of knowledge and practices of caregivers on infant feeding of children from 2 to 5 years old who attended the Hospital Materno Infantil de Loma Pyta from the city of Asunción in June 2019. This was an observational, analytical cross-sectional study. The population to be studied was composed of caregivers of children aged 2 to 5 who consulted at the Hospital Materno Infantil de Loma Pyta. A questionnaire with questions related to the level of knowledge and practice was applied to caregivers about feeding their children, as well as the eating frequency. Regarding the level of knowledge about the eating habits of the children, the majority had an average knowledge (40%). In relation to the practices about the eating habits the caregivers had with the children, 80% of them had an inadequate level. In respect to the association between the level of knowledge and the level of practice, a statistically significant relationship was found between these variables with a value of p <0.001 for the Chi-square test. This means that there was a relationship between the knowledge of the caregivers and the practices they performed


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Boas Práticas de Fabricação , Nutrição da Criança , Comportamento Alimentar , Cuidadores
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