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Introduction: In recent decades, Caribbean coral reefs have lost many vital marine species due to diseases. The well-documented mass mortality event of the long-spined black sea urchin Diadema antillarum in the early 1980s stands out among these collapses. This die-off killed over 90% of D. antillarum changing the reefscape from coral to algal-dominated. Nearly 40 years later, D. antillarum populations have yet to recover. In early 2022, a new mortality event of D. antillarum was reported along the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico. Methods: This study identifies the gut microbiota changes associated with the D. antillarum during this mortality event. It contrasts them with the bacterial composition of gut samples from healthy individuals collected in 2019 by using 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. Results: Notably, the die-off group's core microbiome resembled bacteria commonly found in the human skin and gut, suggesting potential anthropogenic contamination and wastewater pollution as contributing factors to the 2022 dysbiosis. The animals collected in 2022, especially those with signs of disease, lacked keystone taxa normally found in Diadema including Photobacterium and Propionigenium. Discussion: The association between human microbes and disease stages in the long-spined urchin D. antillarum, especially in relation to anthropogenic contamination, highlights a complex interplay between environmental stressors and marine health. While these microbes might not be the direct cause of death in this species of sea urchins, their presence and proliferation can indicate underlying issues, such as immune depletion due to pollution, habitat destruction, or climate change, that ultimately compromise the health of these marine organisms.
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Coffee husks are the main by-product of the coffee industry and have been traditionally discarded in the environment or used as fertilizers. However, recent studies have shown that coffee husks have bioactive compounds, such as phenolics and fiber-bound macro antioxidants, offering a range of potential health benefits. This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity, cytoprotective/cytotoxic properties, and stimulatory effects on the relative abundance of selected intestinal bacterial populations of individuals with diabetes of organic coffee husks. Organic coffee husk had good antioxidant capacity, maintained under simulated gastric conditions, with more than 50% of antioxidant capacity remaining. Organic coffee husk exerted cytoprotective properties in Caco-2 cells, indicating that cellular functions were not disturbed, besides not inducing oxidation. Overall, organic coffee husk promoted positive effects on the abundance of distinct intestinal bacterial groups of individuals with diabetes during in vitro colonic fermentation, with a higher relative abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., indicating the availability of components able to reach the colon to be fermented by intestinal microbiota. Organic coffee husk could be a circular material to develop new safe and pesticide-free functional ingredients with antioxidant and potential beneficial effects on human intestinal microbiota.
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Antioxidantes , Café , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Células CACO-2 , Café/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Fermentação , Diabetes Mellitus , Coffea/química , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Red Cooked Sauce (RCS) and Red Raw Sauce (RRS) are a mixture of natural crops that have a promising content of bioactive compounds (BC). The aim was to determine the effect of the indigestible fraction (IF) during the colonic fermentation in RCS and RRS by studying the two-way relationship between gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolites produced from BC fermented in the TNO in vitro dynamic model of the human colon (TIM-2). Total BC in undigested and predigested RRS, 957 and 715 mg/100 g DW, respectively, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the RCS, 571 and 406 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Catenibacterium and Holdemanella increased during RCS fermentation, while 13 genera showed a clear positive correlation with most microbial phenolic metabolites. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms, pathways, and enzymes involved in producing microbial metabolites exhibited uniqueness among bacterial taxa, even within shared genus/family classifications.
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Bactérias , Fermentação , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Solanum lycopersicum , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Humanos , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Colo/microbiologia , Colo/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Some evidence suggests an association between gut dysbiosis and cirrhosis progression. The authors investigated Gut Microbiome (GM) influence on 90-day mortality and hospitalization/rehospitalization rates in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: Compensated/decompensated outpatients and decompensated inpatients were prospectively included and compared to healthy controls. Clinical, laboratory, GM, and two ratios between phyla were evaluated. Patients were followed up for 90 days for hospitalization/rehospitalization and mortality. RESULTS: 165 individuals were included (50 compensated, 49 decompensated outpatients; 36 decompensated inpatients; 30 healthy), 48.5 % female, mean age was 61, main cirrhosis etiology was hepatitis C (27.3 %), and mostly Child-Pugh (CP) B patients, median MELD of 13. As liver disease progressed, microbiota diversity decreased between the groups (p = 0.05; p < 0.004). There were 9 deaths and 22 hospitalizations or rehospitalizations. GM composition had correlation with norfloxacin (p = 0.36, p = 0.04), encephalopathy (p = 0.31, p = 0.01), lactulose (p = 0.26, p = 0.01), 90-day mortality (p = 0.22, p = 0.04), CP (p = 0.17, p = 0.01), previous 6-month antibiotic use (p = 0.16, p = 0.01), MELD (p = 0.145, p = 0.01), ALBI (p = 0.1, p = 0.04) and 90-day hospitalization/rehospitalization (p = 0.08, p = 0.03). Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) and Firmicutes/Proteobacteria (F/P) ratios were progressively lower and more significant and had an association with 90-day mortality (p < 0.001). Three MELD set-points (≥ 15, 18 and 20) were significantly associated with both ratios, with similar accuracies. CONCLUSIONS: GM dysbiosis was associated with higher CP, MELD, 90-day mortality and hospitalization/rehospitalization. F/B and F/P ratios were associated with 90-day mortality.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Cirrose Hepática , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Cirrose Hepática/microbiologia , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Idoso , Estudos Prospectivos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Firmicutes , Disbiose/microbiologia , Disbiose/mortalidade , Adulto , Progressão da Doença , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fezes/microbiologiaRESUMO
Newly conducted research suggests that metabolic disorders, like diabetes and obesity, play a significant role as risk factors for psychiatric disorders. This connection presents a potential avenue for creating novel antidepressant medications by repurposing drugs originally developed to address antidiabetic conditions. Earlier investigations have shown that GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) analogs exhibit neuroprotective qualities in various models of neurological diseases, encompassing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Moreover, GLP-1 analogs have demonstrated the capability to enhance neurogenesis, a process recognized for its significance in memory formation and the cognitive and emotional aspects of information processing. Nonetheless, whether semaglutide holds efficacy as both an antidepressant and anxiolytic agent remains uncertain. To address this, our study focused on a mouse model of depression linked to type 2 diabetes induced by a High Fat Diet (HFD). In this model, we administered semaglutide (0.05 mg/Kg intraperitoneally) on a weekly basis to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic option for depression and anxiety. Diabetic mice had higher blood glucose, lipidic profile, and insulin resistance. Moreover, mice fed HFD showed higher serum interleukin (IL)-1ß and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with impaired humor and cognition. The analysis of behavioral responses revealed that the administration of semaglutide effectively mitigated depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, concurrently demonstrating an enhancement in cognitive function. Additionally, semaglutide treatment protected synaptic plasticity and reversed the hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by HFD fed, improving activation of the insulin pathway, demonstrating the protective effects of semaglutide. We also found that semaglutide treatment decreased astrogliosis and microgliosis in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. In addition, semaglutide prevented the DM2-induced impairments of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) and simultaneously increased the NeuN + and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R+) neurons in the hippocampus. Our data also showed that semaglutide increased the serotonin (5-HT) and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and glutamatergic receptors in the hippocampus. At last, semaglutide changed the gut microbiota profile (increasing Bacterioidetes, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Blautia coccoides) and decreased leaky gut, improving the gut-brain axis. Taken together, semaglutide has the potential to act as a therapeutic tool for depression and anxiety.
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Ansiedade , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino , Disfunção Cognitiva , Depressão , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Peptídeos Semelhantes ao Glucagon , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Animais , Peptídeos Semelhantes ao Glucagon/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Camundongos , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Cognitiva/prevenção & controle , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/metabolismo , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/metabolismo , Masculino , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/psicologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Antidepressivos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in monocytes during obesity and contributes to a low-grade inflammatory state; therefore, maintaining good mitochondrial conditions is a key aspect of maintaining health. Dietary interventions are primary strategies for treating obesity, but little is known about their impact on monocyte bioenergetics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calorie restriction (CR), intermittent fasting (IF), a ketogenic diet (KD), and an ad libitum habitual diet (AL) on mitochondrial function in monocytes and its modulation by the gut microbiota. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in which individuals with obesity were assigned to one of the 4 groups for 1 month. Subsequently, the subjects received rifaximin and continued with the assigned diet for another month. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was evaluated in isolated monocytes, as was the gut microbiota composition in feces and anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Forty-four subjects completed the study, and those who underwent CR, IF and KD interventions had an increase in the maximal respiration OCR (p = 0.025, n2p = 0.159 [0.05, 0.27] 95% confidence interval) in monocytes compared to that in the AL group. The improvement in mitochondrial function was associated with a decrease in monocyte dependence on glycolysis after the IF and KD interventions. Together, diet and rifaximin increased the gut microbiota diversity in the IF and KD groups (p = 0.0001), enriched the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium faecium (p = 0.019) in the CR group and Ruminococcus bromii (p = 0.020) in the CR and KD groups, and reduced the abundance of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria after CR, IF and KD interventions compared to the AL group at the end of the study according to ANCOVA with covariate adjustment. Spearman's correlation between the variables measured highlighted LPS as a potential modulator of the observed effects. In line with this findings, serum LPS and intracellular signaling in monocytes decreased with the three interventions (CR, p = 0.002; IF, p = 0.001; and KD, p = 0.001) compared to those in the AL group at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that these dietary interventions positively regulate mitochondrial bioenergetic health and improve the metabolic profile of monocytes in individuals with obesity via modulation of the gut microbiota. Moreover, the evaluation of mitochondrial function in monocytes could be used as an indicator of metabolic and inflammatory status, with potential applications in future clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05200468).
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Restrição Calórica , Dieta Cetogênica , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Mitocôndrias , Monócitos , Obesidade , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Restrição Calórica/métodos , Dieta Cetogênica/métodos , Jejum Intermitente , Lipopolissacarídeos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Monócitos/metabolismo , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Gut microbial communities are part of the regulatory array of various processes within their hosts, ranging from nutrition to pathogen control. Recent evidence shows that dung beetle's gut microbial communities release substances with antifungal activity. Because of the enormous diversity of gut microorganisms in dung beetles, there is a possibility of discovering novel compounds with antifungal properties. We tested the antifungal activity mediated by gut microbial communities of female dung beetles against nine phytopathogenic fungi strains (Colletotrichum asianum-339, C. asianum-340, C. asianum-1, C. kahawae-390, C. karstii-358, C. siamense-220, Fusarium oxysporum-ATCC338, Nectria pseudotrichia-232, Verticillium zaelandica-22). Our tests included the gut microbial communities of three species of dung beetles: Canthon cyanellus (roller beetle), Digitonthophagus gazella (burrower beetle), and Onthophagus batesi (burrower beetle), and we followed the dual confrontation protocol, i.e., we challenged each fungal strain with the microbial communities of each species of beetles in Petri dishes containing culture medium. Our results showed that gut microbial communities of the three dung beetle species exhibit antifungal activity against at least seven of the nine phytopathogenic fungal strains. The gut microbial communities of Onthophagus batesi significantly decreased the mycelial growth of the nine phytopathogenic fungi strains; the gut microbial communities of Canthon cyanellus and Digitonthophagus gazella significantly reduced the mycelial growth of seven strains. These results provide a basis for investigating novel antifungal substances within gut microbial communities of dung beetles.
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Antifúngicos , Besouros , Fungos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Besouros/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , FemininoRESUMO
Obesity is a global health concern implicated in numerous chronic degenerative diseases, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and neurodegenerative disorders. It is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and lipid metabolism disturbances. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of environmental enrichment (EE) to prevent the progression of gut dysbiosis in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome. C57BL/6 male mice with obesity and metabolic syndrome, continuously fed with an HFD, were exposed to EE. We analyzed the gut microbiota of the mice by sequencing the 16s rRNA gene at different intervals, including on day 0 and 12 and 24 weeks after EE exposure. Fasting glucose levels, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, food intake, weight gain, lipid profile, hepatic steatosis, and inflammatory mediators were evaluated in serum, adipose tissue, and the colon. We demonstrate that EE intervention prevents the progression of HFD-induced dysbiosis, reducing taxa associated with metabolic syndrome (Tepidimicrobium, Acidaminobacteraceae, and Fusibacter) while promoting those linked to healthy physiology (Syntrophococcus sucrumutans, Dehalobacterium, Prevotella, and Butyricimonas). Furthermore, EE enhances intestinal barrier integrity, increases mucin-producing goblet cell population, and upregulates Muc2 expression in the colon. These alterations correlate with reduced systemic lipopolysaccharide levels and attenuated colon inflammation, resulting in normalized glucose metabolism, diminished adipose tissue inflammation, reduced liver steatosis, improved lipid profiles, and a significant reduction in body weight gain despite mice's continued HFD consumption. Our findings highlight EE as a promising anti-inflammatory strategy for managing obesity-related metabolic dysregulation and suggest its potential in developing probiotics targeting EE-modulated microbial taxa.
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Dieta Hiperlipídica , Disbiose , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade , Animais , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Disbiose/microbiologia , Camundongos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/microbiologia , Masculino , Glucose/metabolismo , Camundongos Obesos , Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/microbiologiaRESUMO
A meta-analytic approach deciphered the taxonomic profile of the zebrafish gut microbiota at different developmental stages. Data (16S rDNA) were systematically searched in databases, selecting those with intestine samples of fish not exposed to a particular treatment or challenge (e.g., pathogens, dietetic tests, xenobiotics, etc.) and obtaining 340 samples to be processed. Results revealed marked differences between the developmental phases. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the larval phase, with a relative abundance of 90%, while the rest of the phyla did not exceed 2%. Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Acinetobacter were the dominant genera in this phase. Transitional changes were observed after the larvae stage. Proteobacteria still registered high abundance (48%) in the juvenile phase, but Fusobacteria (40%) and Bacteriodota (5.9%) registered considerable increases. Genera, including Cetobacterium, Plesiomonas, Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Flavobacterium, dominated this stage. The phyla Proteobacteria (48%) and Fusobacteria (35%) were strongly established in the adult phase. Cetobacterium was registered as the most abundant genus, followed by Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Plesiomonas, Vibrio, and ZOR0006 (Firmicutes; 6%). In conclusion, the composition of the intestinal microbiota of zebrafish is consistently determined by two primary phyla, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria; however, this composition varies depending on the developmental stage. Cetobacterium and Aeromonas are the most relevant genera in juveniles and adults. Finally, these results reveal a consistent pattern of certain bacterial groups in the zebrafish microbiota that could help shape gnotobiotic models (colonized with a specific known bacterial community) or synthetic microbiota (in vitro assembly of microbes), among other approaches.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Larva/microbiologia , Modelos Biológicos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Peixe-Zebra/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Peixe-Zebra/microbiologia , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
The gut microbiome has the potential to buffer temporal variations in resource availability and consumption, which may play a key role in the ability of animals to adapt to a broad range of habitats. We investigated the temporal composition and function of the gut microbiomes of wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) exploiting a hot, dry environment-Caatinga-in northeastern Brazil. We collected fecal samples during two time periods (July-August and February-March) for 2 years from marmosets belonging to eight social groups. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and butyrate RT-qPCR to assess changes in the composition and potential function of their gut microbiomes. Additionally, we identified the plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate components of the marmosets' diet via DNA metabarcoding. Invertebrate, but not plant or vertebrate, consumption varied across the year. However, gut microbiome composition and potential function did not markedly vary across study periods or as a function of diet composition. Instead, the gut microbiome differed markedly in both composition and potential function across marmosets residing in different social groups. We highlight the likely role of factors, such as behavior, residence, and environmental heterogeneity, in modulating the structure of the gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE: In a highly socially cohesive and cooperative primate, group membership more strongly predicts gut microbiome composition and function than diet.
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Callithrix , Dieta , Fezes , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Callithrix/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Fezes/microbiologia , Brasil , Metagenômica , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Feminino , Animais Selvagens/microbiologiaRESUMO
The aging of populations is a global phenomenon that follows a possible increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Huntington's diseases are some neurodegenerative disorders that aging could initiate or aggravate. Recent research has indicated that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis can trigger metabolism and brain functioning, contributing to the etiopathogenesis of those neurodegenerative diseases. The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites show significant functions in various aspects, such as the immune system modulation (development and maturation), the maintenance of the intestinal barrier integrity, the modulation of neuromuscular functions in the intestine, and the facilitation of essential metabolic processes for both the microbiota and humans. The primary evidence supporting the connection between intestinal microbiota and its metabolites with neurodegenerative diseases are epidemiological observations and animal models experimentation. This paper reviews up-to-date evidence on the correlation between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases, with a specially focus on gut metabolites. Dysbiosis can increase inflammatory cytokines and bacterial metabolites, altering intestinal and blood-brain barrier permeability and causing neuroinflammation, thus facilitating the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical data supporting this evidence still needs to be improved. Most of the works found are descriptive and associated with the presence of phyla or species of bacteria with neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the limitations of recent research, the potential for elucidating clinical questions that have thus far eluded clarification within prevailing pathophysiological frameworks of health and disease is promising through investigation of the interplay between the host and microbiota.
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Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino , Disbiose , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/microbiologia , Disbiose/metabolismo , Eixo Encéfalo-Intestino/fisiologia , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismoRESUMO
The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders of hematopoietic progenitor cells related to ineffective hematopoiesis and an increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia. MDS is divided into categories, namely lineage dysplasia (MDS-SLD), MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS), MDS with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD), MDS with excess blasts (MDS-EB). The International Prognostic Classification System (IPSS) ranks the patients as very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high based on disease evolution and survival rates. Evidence points to toll-like receptor (TLR) abnormal signaling as an underlying mechanism of this disease, providing a link between MDS and immune dysfunction. Microbial signals, such as lipopolysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria, can activate or suppress TLRs. Therefore, we hypothesized that MDS patients present gut microbiota alterations associated with disease subtypes and prognosis. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from fecal samples of 30 MDS patients and 16 healthy elderly controls. We observed a negative correlation between Prevotella spp. and Akkermansia spp. in MDS patients compared with the control group. High-risk patients presented a significant increase in the genus Prevotella spp. compared to the other risk categories. There was a significant reduction in the abundance of the genus Akkermansia spp. in high-risk patients compared with low- and intermediate-risk. There was a significant decrease in the genus Ruminococcus spp. in MDS-EB patients compared with controls. Our findings show a new association between gut dysbiosis and higher-risk MDS, with a predominance of gram-negative bacteria.
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Hypertension, a critical global health concern, is characterized by persistent high blood pressure and is a major cause of cardiovascular events. This perspective explores the multifaceted implications of hypertension, its association with cardiovascular diseases, and the emerging role of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a dynamic community in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in hypertension by influencing blood pressure through the generation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and short-chain fatty acids metabolites, and the conversion of nitrates into nitric oxide. Antihypertensive medications interact with the gut microbiota, impacting drug pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Prebiotics and probiotics present promising avenues for hypertension management, with prebiotics modulating blood pressure through lipid and cholesterol modulation, and probiotics exhibiting a general beneficial effect. Personalized choices based on individual factors are crucial for optimizing prebiotic and probiotic interventions. In conclusion, the gut microbiota's intricate influence on blood pressure regulation offers innovative perspectives in hypertension therapeutics, with targeted strategies proving valuable for holistic blood pressure management and health promotion.
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PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is the major therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, whether gut microbiota changes in HNSCC patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic change of gut microbiota composition, construct the first radiotherapy-related gut microbiota database in these patients and identify the potential value of the gut microbiota changing in the prediction of acute oral mucositis grade as well as patients' life quality. METHODS: We enrolled 47 HNSCC patients who scheduled with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The field was irradiated with a total dose of 66-70 Gy in 33-35 fractions. All the patients received 2-3 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. After feces specimens collected, bacterial genomic DNA was isolated using magnetic beads and then analyzed by the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing System based on the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS: 194 genera which belonged to 27 phyla were found in 141 samples. Increased abundance of microbiota in diversity and richness was observed in mid-radiotherapy group. Bacteroides, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium were three main genera in all three groups and the mid-radiotherapy group had the highest relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium. What is more, most significantly altered bacteria shared the same variation pattern which was increased in mid-radiotherapy while decreased to the almost same level of as pre-radiotherapy in post-radiotherapy group. Further analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes showing an upward trend while Proteobacteria declining in higher grade of acute mucositis. Moreover, relatively low abundant Proteobacteria was significantly correlated with high-grade acute oral mucositis. As for the quality of life, Lactobacillales and Actinomycetales were specifically found in better life quality group. However, Clostridia_UCG_014, Eubacteriaceae, UCG_010 and Moraxellaceae were unique abundantly present in worse life quality group. CONCLUSION: Chemoradiotherapy can affect the composition of the gut microbiota in HNSCC patients during the mid-term of treatment. Yet self-stabilized ability maintained the gut microbiota homeostasis. Dynamic change of specific species could help predict acute oral mucositis grade and characterize different quality of life group in these patients.
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The animal gut microbiota is strongly influenced by environmental factors that shape their temporal dynamics. Although diet is recognized as a major driver of gut microbiota variation, dietary patterns have seldom been linked to gut microbiota dynamics in wild animals. Here, we analysed the gut microbiota variation between dry and rainy seasons across four Sceloporus species (S. aeneus, S. bicanthalis, S. grammicus and S. spinosus) from central Mexico in light of temporal changes in diet composition. The lizard microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes (now Bacillota) and Bacteroidota, and the closely related species S. aeneus and S. bicanthalis shared a great number of core bacterial taxa. We report species-specific seasonal changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition: greater alpha diversity during the dry compared to the rainy season in S. bicanthalis, the opposite pattern in S. aeneus, and no seasonal differences in S. grammicus and S. spinosus. Our findings indicated a positive association between gut bacterial composition and dietary composition for S. bicanthalis and S. grammicus, but bacterial diversity did not increase linearly with dietary richness in any lizard species. In addition, seasonality affected bacterial composition, and microbial community similarity increased between S. aeneus and S. bicanthalis, as well as between S. grammicus and S. spinosus. Together, our results illustrate that seasonal variation and dietary composition play a role in shaping gut microbiota in lizard populations, but this is not a rule and other ecological factors influence microbiota variation.
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Bactérias , Dieta , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Lagartos , Estações do Ano , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Lagartos/microbiologia , México , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Artrópodes/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , BiodiversidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Obesity, characterized by excess adipose tissue, is a major public health problem worldwide. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue participate in thermogenesis through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Polyphenols including those from Calafate (a native polyphenol-rich Patagonian berry), are considered as potential anti-obesity compounds due to their pro-thermogenic characteristics. However, polyphenols are mainly metabolized by the gut microbiota (GM) that may influence their bioactivity and bioavailability. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of dietary administration with a Calafate polyphenol-rich extract on thermogenic activity of BAT and beige adipose tissue and GM composition. METHODS: Eight-week-old C57BL6 mice (n = 30) were divided into 4 groups to receive for 24 weeks a control diet (C), a high-fat diet alone (HF), or high-fat diet supplemented with Calafate extract (HFC) or the same high-fat diet supplemented with Calafate extract but treated with antibiotics (HFCAB) from week 19-20. Administration with Calafate extract (50 mg/kg per day) was carried out for 3 weeks from week 21-23 in the HFC and HFCAB groups. After euthanasia, gene expression of thermogenic markers was analyzed in BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Transmission electron microscopy was performed to assess mitochondrial morphology and cristae density in BAT. GM diversity and composition were characterized by deep sequencing with the MiSeq Illumina platform. RESULTS: Calafate extract administration had no effect on weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. However, it prevented alterations in mitochondrial cristae induced by HFD and increased Dio2 expression in BAT and iWAT. The intervention also influenced the GM composition, preventing changes in specific bacterial taxa induced by the high-fat diet. However, the antibiotic treatment prevented in part these effects, suggesting the implications of GM. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the acute administration of a Calafate extract modulates the expression of thermogenic markers, prevents alterations in mitochondrial cristae and intestinal microbiota in preclinical models. The study highlights the complex interaction between polyphenols, thermogenesis, and the GM, providing valuable insights into their potential roles in the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Tecido Adiposo Marrom , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Extratos Vegetais , Termogênese , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Termogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Marrom/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Masculino , Obesidade/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Bege/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Bege/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
Obesity is advancing at an accelerated pace, and yet its treatment is still an emerging field. Although studies have demonstrated the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity, this is the first study to show the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), combined or not with exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the gut microbiota composition in women with obesity. Our hypothesis is that IF combined with HIIT can promote the remodeling of the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Thirty-six women with obesity, aged between 18 and 40 yr, participated in the study. They were randomly divided into three groups: 1) IF associated with HIIT group [IF + exercise group (EX), n = 15]; 2) HIIT group (EX, n = 11); and 3) IF group (IF, n = 10). Interventions took place over 8 wk, and all assessments were performed preintervention and postintervention. The HIIT circuit was performed 3 times/wk, for 25 min/session. The IF protocol was a 5:2 (2 times/wk). Multiplex analysis of inflammatory cytokines, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and gas chromatography to measure fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were performed. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05237154). Exercise increased fecal acetate concentrations (P = 0.04), but no changes were observed in the composition and functional profile of the microbiota. The interventions did not change the composition of the microbiota, but exercise may play a modulatory role in the production of acetate. This investigation provides clinical insights into the use of IF and HIIT for women with obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first investigation about alternate-day fasting combined with HITT on the gut microbiota of obese women. The study contributes to the advancement of human science involving IF and HIIT, popular strategies for managing obesity. Previous evidence has explored IF in modulating the microbiota in animal models or specific populations and clinical conditions. Despite the subtle outcomes, this study has relevance and originality in the field of gut microbiota knowledge.
Assuntos
Jejum , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Obesidade , Humanos , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Adulto , Obesidade/microbiologia , Obesidade/terapia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fezes/microbiologia , Jejum IntermitenteRESUMO
The gut microbiota performs several crucial roles in a holobiont with its host, including immune regulation, nutrient absorption, synthesis, and defense against external pathogens, significantly influencing host physiology. Disruption of the gut microbiota has been linked to various chronic conditions, including cardiovascular, kidney, liver, respiratory, and intestinal diseases. Studying how animals adapt their gut microbiota across their life course at different life stages and under the dynamics of extreme environmental conditions can provide valuable insights from the natural world into how the microbiota modulates host biology, with a view to translating these into treatments or preventative measures for human diseases. By modulating the gut microbiota, opportunities to address many complications associated with chronic diseases appear. Such a biomimetic approach holds promise for exploring new strategies in healthcare and disease management.
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Estado Nutricional , Doença CrônicaRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical (NT) children, with a focus on identifying potential differences in gut bacteria between these groups. The microbiota was analyzed through the massive sequencing of region V3-V4 of the 16S RNA gene, utilizing DNA extracted from stool samples of participants. Our findings revealed no significant differences in the dominant bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota) between the ASD and NT groups. However, at the genus level, notable disparities were observed in the abundance of Blautia, Prevotella, Clostridium XI, and Clostridium XVIII, all of which have been previously associated with ASD. Furthermore, a sex-based analysis unveiled additional discrepancies in gut microbiota composition. Specifically, three genera (Megamonas, Oscilibacter, Acidaminococcus) exhibited variations between male and female groups in both ASD and NT cohorts. Particularly noteworthy was the exclusive presence of Megamonas in females with ASD. Analysis of predicted metabolic pathways suggested an enrichment of pathways related to amine and polyamine degradation, as well as amino acid degradation in the ASD group. Conversely, pathways implicated in carbohydrate biosynthesis, degradation, and fermentation were found to be underrepresented. Despite the limitations of our study, including a relatively small sample size (30 ASD and 31 NT children) and the utilization of predicted metabolic pathways derived from 16S RNA gene analysis rather than metagenome sequencing, our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting a potential association between gut microbiota composition and ASD. Future research endeavors should focus on validating these findings with larger sample sizes and exploring the functional significance of these microbial differences in ASD. Additionally, there is a critical need for further investigations to elucidate sex differences in gut microbiota composition and their potential implications for ASD pathology and treatment.