RESUMO

BACKGROUND: US-born Latinos have a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than foreign-born Latinos. Acculturation to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and an immigrant self-selection effect may play a role. In this study, the authors examined the influence of generational status on HCC risk among Mexican American adults. METHODS: The analytic cohort included 31,377 self-reported Mexican Americans from the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Generational status was categorized as: first-generation (Mexico-born; n = 13,382), second-generation (US-born with one or two parents born in Mexico; n = 13,081), or third-generation (US-born with both parents born in the United States; n = 4914). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to examine the association between generational status and HCC incidence. RESULTS: In total, 213 incident HCC cases were identified during an average follow-up of 19.5 years. After adjusting for lifestyle and neighborhood-level risk factors, second-generation and third-generation Mexican Americans had a 37% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.92) and 66% (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.11-2.49) increased risk of HCC, respectively, compared with first-generation Mexican Americans (p for trend = 0.012). The increased risk associated with generational status was mainly observed in males (second-generation vs. first-generation: HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.05-2.44]; third-generation vs. first-generation: HR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.29-3.37]). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing generational status of Mexican Americans is associated with a higher risk of HCC. Further studies are needed to identify factors that contribute to this increased risk.

Assuntos

Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Aculturação , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiologia , Americanos Mexicanos , México , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Características da Família/etnologia

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Despite the importance of generational approach to understand dietary patterns, studies on the topic are scarce, especially in primary health care. Thus, we aimed to analyze the association between generational status and fruit and vegetable (F + V) consumption across users of the Brazilian Primary Care Program, adjusted by health aspects, socioeconomic factors, and body mass index. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed from the baseline, randomized, controlled, community trial. Generational status was defined according to the year of birth as traditionalists (1934-1945), baby boomer (BB; 1946-1964), generation X (GX; 1965-1980), and generation Y (GY; 1981-1993). The consumption of F + V was classified as regular (≥5 times/wk) and adequate (3 servings of fruit/d and 3 of vegetables/d), analyzed together (F + V) and separately (fruit or vegetable) by food group. RESULTS: Of the 3356 participants, 18.1% were traditionalist, 59.0% BB, 19.7% GX, and 3.2% GY. The prevalence of regular and adequate F + V consumption was 61.7% and 37.2%, respectively. There were fewer chances of regular consumption of fruit and F + V for all generations in comparison with traditionalists. With regard to adequate consumption, there was less chance of consuming F + V only for individuals from GY and of F + V for GX and GY. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first studies to investigate differences in F + V consumption according to the generational status in a health service. The findings are likely to support the design of strategies to promote F + V consumption, focusing on the younger population to promote health in the present and the future.

Assuntos

Frutas , Verduras , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde

RESUMO

This study examined factors that relate to academic competence and expectations from elementary to middle school for 674 fifth grade students (50% boys; Mage = 10.86 years) of Mexican origin. Models predicting academic competence and expectations were estimated using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework, with longitudinal data from fifth to eighth grades. School belonging (i.e., social and emotional connectedness to school) predicted greater academic competence and expectations over time. Findings indicate that student feelings of belonging in school may act as a resource that promotes academic competence and expectations. Furthermore, family income, parent education, and generational status had direct effects on academic competence and expectations to some degree, suggesting the importance of contextual factors in this process.