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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren is increasing in Peru. Given the increased use of digital media, there is potential to develop effective digital health interventions to promote healthy eating practices at schools. This study investigates the needs of schoolchildren in relation to healthy eating and the potential role of digital media to inform the design of game-based nutritional interventions. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore schoolchildren's knowledge about healthy eating and use of and preferences for digital media to inform the future development of a serious game to promote healthy eating. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 17 schools in metropolitan Lima, Peru. The information was collected virtually with specific questions for the schoolchild and their caregiver during October 2021 and November 2021 and following the COVID-19 public health restrictions. Questions on nutritional knowledge and preferences for and use of digital media were included. In the descriptive analysis, the percentages of the variables of interest were calculated. RESULTS: We received 3937 validated responses from caregivers and schoolchildren. The schoolchildren were aged between 8 years and 15 years (2030/3937, 55.8% girls). Of the caregivers, 83% (3267/3937) were mothers, and 56.5% (2223/3937) had a secondary education. Only 5.2% (203/3937) of schoolchildren's homes did not have internet access; such access was through WiFi (2151/3937, 54.6%) and mobile internet (1314/3937, 33.4%). In addition, 95.3% (3753/3937) of schoolchildren's homes had a mobile phone; 31.3% (1233/3937) had computers. In relation to children's knowledge on healthy eating, 42.2% (1663/3937) of schoolchildren did not know the recommendation to consume at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily, 46.7% (1837/3937) of schoolchildren did not identify front-of-package warning labels (FOPWLs), and 63.9% (2514/3937) did not relate the presence of an FOPWL with dietary risk. Most schoolchildren (3100/3937, 78.7%) preferred to use a mobile phone. Only 38.3% (1509/3937) indicated they preferred a computer. In addition, 47.9% (1885/3937) of caregivers considered that the internet helps in the education of schoolchildren, 82.7% (3254/3937) of caregivers gave permission for schoolchildren to play games with digital devices, and 38% (1495/3937) of caregivers considered that traditional digital games for children are inadequate. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that knowledge about nutrition in Peruvian schoolchildren has limitations. Most schoolchildren have access to the internet, with mobile phones being the device type with the greatest availability and preference for use. Caregivers' perspectives on games and schoolchildren, including a greater interest in using digital games, provide opportunities for the design and development of serious games to improve schoolchildren's nutritional knowledge in Peru. Future research is needed to explore the potential of serious games that are tailored to the needs and preferences of both schoolchildren and their caregivers in Peru in order to promote healthy eating.

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In the present research the typical triangle on formative research was extended to a double triangle for an overall career programme (here expander/ compressor) and funnel proposal was explored in a single course (as a "fractal" method). Array processing and ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG) techniques have been incorporated into a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) course and research projects. The present research question was: is it possible to insert array sensing on formative research in an undergraduate course of DSP? From over eight years, two semesters with different homework loads (homogeneous triangle vs expander-compressor-supplier distributions) were analysed in detail within the DSP evaluations and students chose between experimental applied analysis and a formative research project. Results showed that cognitive load was influenced positively in the expander-compressor-supplier distribution, showing that an increase of the efficiency undertook more undergraduate research on array processing and the decrease of the number of formative applied projects. Over a longer term (48 months) students undertook more undergraduate research works on array processing and DSP techniques. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11837-y.

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El manejo del inglés, como idioma universal, constituye una necesidad para los profesionales ecuatorianos. La educación superior tiene la responsabilidad de facilitar la adquisición y consolidación de habilidades y destrezas en su manejo. La investigación formativa puede contribuir a esto por las características propias de este proceso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue exponer los elementos conceptuales y operacionales que permiten el adecuado desarrollo de la investigación formativa para consolidar destrezas y habilidades en el manejo del idioma inglés. En esta investigación se vierten opiniones de como puede ser utilizada la investigación formativa en el fomento de la preparación bilingüe de los estudiantes, basado en sus conceptos básicos. Con su aplicación se favorecen dos elementos básicos como son la motivación del estudiante y la adquisición de habilidades y destrezas relacionadas con los cuatro componentes fundamentales para el conocimiento de idiomas. Se concluye que la adopción de la investigación formativa como una estrategia metodológica de aprendizaje en el sistema de educación superior en el Ecuador, abre el camino a la formación, directa o indirecta, de habilidades y destrezas en el manejo del idioma inglés; es necesario entonces fortalecer el conocimiento sobre sus elementos metodológicos básicos que pueden favorecer la participación y formación bilingüe de los estudiantes de educación superior en el país.

The use of English, as a universal language, is a necessity for Ecuadorian professionals. Higher education has the responsibility of facilitating the acquisition and consolidation of abilities and skills in its management. Formative research can contribute to this due to the characteristics of this process. The objective of this work was to expose the conceptual and operational elements that allow the adequate development of formative research to consolidate skills and abilities in the management of the English language. In this research, opinions are expressed on how formative research can be used to promote the bilingual preparation of students, based on its basic concepts. With its application, two basic elements are favored, such as student motivation and the acquisition of abilities and skills related to the four fundamental components for language knowledge. It is concluded that the adoption of formative research as a methodological learning strategy in the higher education system in Ecuador, opens the way to the formation, direct or indirect, of abilities and skills in the management of the English language; It is therefore necessary to strengthen the knowledge about its basic methodological elements that can favor the participation and bilingual training of higher education students in the country.

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Introducción: La producción científica latinoamericana aún no es la esperada. Por ello tiene importancia analizar la actividad científica sobre investigación formativa en esta parte del mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa en Scopus en el período 2010-2020. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Las unidades de análisis fueron publicaciones sobre investigación formativa en revistas indizadas en la base de datos Scopus durante 2010-2020, y cuya autoría hacía mención a filiaciones de entidades latinoamericanas. Resultados: Se encontró un total de 120 artículos publicados con autoría a afiliaciones de instituciones latinoamericanas. Colombia es el país que contribuye con mayor producción científica sobre este tema, seguido por México, Perú y Brasil, que sobrepasan el 10 por ciento de la producción latinoamericana. En cuanto a la productividad por institución, 83 instituciones internacionales han participado en la producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa, entre los que destacan instituciones de México, Perú y Colombia con 4 y más artículos publicados. Conclusiones: La producción latinoamericana sobre investigación formativa entre 2010 y 2020 fue de 120 artículos en revistas indizadas en Scopus, con un porcentaje mayoritario de artículos de investigación, procedentes de Colombia, México y Perú. La institución con más producción resultó el Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, y como las revistas con mayor cantidad de artículos aparecieron Q1 y Q2, con presencia de autores peruanos, brasileros y mexicanos(AU)

Introduction: Latin American scientific production is not yet as expected. Therefore, it is important to analyze the scientific activity on formative research in this part of the world. Objective: To evaluate the Latin American production on formative research in Scopus in the period 2010-2020. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study. The units of analysis were publications on formative research in journals indexed in the Scopus database during 2010-2020, and whose authorship mentioned affiliations with Latin American institutions. Results: A total of 120 published articles were found with authorship to affiliations of Latin American institutions. Colombia is the country that contributes with the highest scientific production on this subject, followed by Mexico, Peru and Brazil, which exceed 10 percent of the Latin American production. In terms of productivity by institution, 83 international institutions have participated in the Latin American production on formative research, among which institutions from Mexico, Peru and Colombia stand out with 4 or more published articles. Conclusions: The Latin American production on formative research between 2010 and 2020 was 120 articles in journals indexed in Scopus, with a majority percentage of research articles, coming from Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The institution with the highest production was the National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, and the journals with the highest number of articles were Q1 and Q2, with the presence of Peruvian, Brazilian and Mexican authors(AU)

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The incorporation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in higher education has been carried out in a transversal manner within the curriculum, and the processes of formative research in both face-to-face and virtual programmes are not an exception to this process. In this context, it is recognised that students' perceptions of the inclusion of technologies in the classroom can influence their teaching and learning process; however, they have not been widely addressed in multiple settings including research seedbeds. Thus, this paper aims to identify such perceptions represented in the attitudes, knowledge and uses of ICTs in students ascribed to the research seedbed in a virtual business administration programme of an Institution of Higher Education located in Colombia. For its fulfillment, the ACUTIC scale was applied to a sample of 65 students in order to identify these perceptions through a hierarchical cluster analysis, a single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, a post hoc Tukey method and a factor analysis. The main result is that attitudes, knowledge and use of ICTs are varied and they can be represented in three clusters. In general, the attitude towards the incorporation of technologies in the research seedbed is positive; however, there is a gap in terms of knowledge and use, especially of those tools oriented to the disciplinary field and research.

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BACKGROUND: Home-based interventions have potential for improving early child development (ECD) in low-resource settings. The design of locally acceptable strategies requires an in-depth understanding of the household context. In this formative research study, we aimed to characterize the home play and learning environments of children 6-23 months of age from low-income households in peri-urban Lima, Peru. METHODS: Drawing on the developmental niche framework, we used quantitative and qualitative methods to understand children's physical and social settings, childcare practices, and caregiver perspectives. We conducted interviews, unstructured video-recorded observations, and spot-checks with 30 randomly selected caregiver-child dyads, 10 from each child age group of 6-11, 12-17, and 18-23 months of age, as well as key informant interviews with 12 daycare instructors. We analyzed the data for key trends and themes using Stata and ATLAS.ti and employed an adapted version of the Indicator of Parent-Child Interaction to evaluate the observations. RESULTS: Children's social settings were characterized by multi-generational homes and the presence of siblings and cousins as play partners. Access to books and complex hand-eye coordination toys (e.g., puzzles, building blocks) in the home was limited (30.0 and 40.0%, respectively). Caregivers generally demonstrated low or inconsistent levels of interaction with their children; they rarely communicated using descriptive language or introduced novel, stimulating activities during play. Reading and telling stories to children were uncommon, yet 93.3% of caregivers reported singing to children daily. On average, caregivers ascribed a high learning value to reading books and playing with electronic toys (rated 9.7 and 9.1 out of 10, respectively), and perceived playing with everyday objects in the home as less beneficial (rated 6.8/10). Daycare instructors reinforced the problems posed by limited caregiver-child interaction and supported the use of songs for promoting ECD. CONCLUSIONS: The features of the home learning environments highlighted here indicate several opportunities for intervention development to improve ECD. These include encouraging caregivers to communicate with children using full sentences and enhancing the use of everyday objects as toys. There is also great potential for leveraging song and music to encourage responsive caregiver-child interactions within the home setting.

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RESUMEN El proceso de formación científico investigativa en las universidades médicas es discutido por lo general desde una óptica centrada especialmente en el aprendizaje, delimitado en el diseño de investigaciones y en la formulación de proyectos y menor medida en su ejecución, así como en la comunicación de los resultados de estos. Sin embargo, el papel desarrollador de los altos centros de estudios demanda la formación de competencias investigativas sobre la base de la sistematización de conocimientos integradores de la gestión científico investigativa. El presente artículo remite a una propuesta para la sistematización del proceso de la investigación formativa de los profesionales, una metodología contextualizada por los autores para esos fines.

ABSTRACT The process of scientific research training in medical universities is generally discussed from a perspective focused especially on learning, delimited in the design of research and in the formulation of projects and to a lesser extent in its execution, as well as in the communication of the results of these. However, the developing role of high study centers demands the formation of investigative competencies based on the systematization of integrative knowledge of scientific research management. This article refers to a proposal for the systematization of the formative research process of professionals, a methodology contextualized by the authors for these purposes.

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Resumen Objetivo: Proponer directrices para el desarrollo de prácticas académicas integradoras con base en la investigación formativa y la responsabilidad social universitaria. Metodología: Investigación mixta con aplicación de dos instrumentos de recolección de información: cuantitativo (encuesta) y cualitativo (grupo focal). Para el análisis de la información se utilizó la triangulación metodológica. En el análisis cualitativo se utilizó el software Atlas-ti, Versión 5.0 y en el cuantitativo, el Programa Estadístico para Ciencias Sociales (SPSS), versión 22, 2012. Resultados y discusión: La formación integral en los perfiles diversos de las prácticas académicas en varios contextos (industrial, clínico, investigativo, comunitario y normativo) debe articularse con las experiencias de formación de diversas universidades a escala nacional e internacional. Se evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar una cultura investigativa, integrando el desempeño en la docencia, la investigación y las actividades de extensión solidaria. Conclusión: Las prácticas académicas deben fomentar en los estudiantes capacidades y habilidades comunicativas que conduzcan al desarrollo social. Es necesario reorientar las prácticas hacia el logro de una mayor autonomía y flexibilidad en la investigación formativa. Se requiere crear conciencia en la comunidad académica de la necesidad de debatir en torno a la definición del objeto de estudio disciplinar y la responsabilidad social universitaria.

Abstract Objective: To propose guidelines for the development of integrating academic practices based on formative research and university social responsibility. Methodology: Mixed research with application of two instruments of information collection: quantitative (survey) and qualitative (focus group). Methodological triangulation was used to analyze the information. In the qualitative analysis we used the Atlas-ti software, Version 5.0 and in the quantitative one, the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22, 20l2. Results and discussion: The integral formation in the different profiles of the academic practices in several contexts (industrial, clinical, investigative, communitarian and normative) must articulate with the experiences of formation of diverse universities at a national and international scale. The need to develop a research culture is evident, integrating the performance in teaching, research, and solidarity extension activities. Conclusion: Academic practices should encourage students' communication skills and abilities that lead to social development. It is necessary to reorient the practices toward achieving greater autonomy and flexibility in formative research. It is necessary to create awareness in the academic community of the need to debate around the definition of the subject of disciplinary study and university social responsibility. Academic practices should encourage students' communication skills and abilities that lead to social development. It is necessary to reorient the practices toward achieving greater autonomy and flexibility in formative research. It is necessary to create awareness in the academic community of the need to debate around the definition of the subject of disciplinary study and university social responsibility

Resumo Objetivo: Propor diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de práticas acadêmicas integrativas baseadas em pesquisa formativa e responsabilidade social universitária. Metodologia: Pesquisa mista com a aplicação de dois instrumentos de coleta de informações: quantitativa (pesquisa) e qualitativa (grupo focal). Para a análise das informações foi utilizada a triangulação metodológica. Na análise qualitativa, utilizou-se o software Atlas-ti, versão 5.0 e, no quantitativo, o Programa Estatístico de Ciências Sociais (SPSS), versão 22, 20l2. Resultados e discussão: Treinamento abrangente nos diversos perfis de práticas acadêmicas em vários contextos (industrial, clínico, investigativo, comunitário e regulatório) devem ser articulados com as experiências de treinamento de várias universidades em nível nacional e internacional. A necessidade de desenvolver uma cultura de pesquisa é evidente, integrando atividades de desempenho docente, pesquisa e extensão solidária. Conclusão: As práticas acadêmicas devem incentivar os alunos com habilidades de comunicação e habilidades que levam ao desenvolvimento social. É necessário reorientar as práticas para alcançar maior autonomia e flexibilidade na pesquisa formativa. É necessário conscientizar a comunidade acadêmica sobre a necessidade de discutir a definição do objeto de estudo disciplinar e de responsabilidade social da universidade.

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BACKGROUND: We review research findings and the limitations of recent qualitative and quantitative studies of HIV prevalence and risk behaviors in military populations in three Caribbean countries (Dominican Republic, Belize, and Barbados). METHODS: This research shows how mental health issues, disordered substance use, and structuring aspects of the occupational field produce and reproduce patterns of risk behaviors. RESULTS: We discuss the use of formative research, the Positive Health, Dignity, and Prevention framework, and the use of implementation science (including research methods that employ alternative methodological assumptions to better elucidate both cultural nuances and unknown components of program impact in different military populations) as a means to tailor individual prevention strategies to military populations. CONCLUSION: We conclude that greater adaption and ingenuity in prevention could improve behavioral prevention of HIV among military personnel in the Caribbean region.

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Formative research is critical for developing effective nutrition-specific interventions to improve infant and young child (IYC) feeding practices and promote healthy growth. Health workers interact with caregivers during health facility visits, yet there is limited research about how to optimize delivery of such interventions during these visits. The extensive reach of IYC health services globally calls for research to address this gap. In Trujillo, Peru, formative research was conducted to explore complementary feeding practices with caregivers as well as health worker routines and interactions with caregivers related to feeding and healthy growth; results informed the development and delivery of an educational intervention. Multiple qualitative methods were used to collect data on a purposive sample of health workers and caregivers from three health facilities and communities: household trials followed. Complementary feeding messages with doable behaviours were developed, and three were selected as key to promote based on their nutritional impact and cultural acceptability. In the health facilities, medical consultation, well-child visits and nutrition consultation all dealt with aspects of IYC nutrition/growth during their interactions with caregivers but were independent and inconsistent in approach. A nutrition education strategy was developed based on consistency, quality and coverage in the IYC health services. We conclude that formative research undertaken in the community and IYC health services was critical to developing a successful and culturally relevant intervention to promote optimal complementary feeding practices and healthy growth during interactions between health workers and caregivers at routine health facility visits. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Objetivo: se presentan la experiencia, historia, cultura, dificultades y retos de un semillero de investigación en salud pública y epidemiología en Colombia. Métodos: se hizo un estudio etnográfico con participación de estudiantes y profesores vinculados con la estructura social y evolución del semillero. Mediante observación participante y análisis documental se establecieron los aspectos de la experiencia del semillero, puestos en común para la triangulación de información por los investigadores; de allí, surgieron las categorías del estudio denominadas: identidad, aprendizajes significativos y retos. Resultados: el Semillero de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología (SISPE) es un espacio abierto para estudiantes con mente abierta, interesado en formar líderes investigadores con excelencia académica, responsabilidad social y calidad humana. Posibilita el aprendizaje y la formación integral; la reflexión y la crítica respetuosa; el compartir; el cultivo de la creatividad y el ser. Articula procesos de formación investigativa, investigación formativa, clubes de revista, cine foros, seminarios y actividades culturales. Conclusiones: el semillero posibilita el acercamiento temprano a procesos de formación investigativa y emplea un modelo alternativo y creativo que fomenta el interés por la ciencia y el cultivo intelectual. Sobresale el papel protagónico de los estudiantes como líderes de su proceso formativo.

Objective: The experience, history, culture, difficulties and challenges of a seedbed for public health research and epidemiology in Colombia are presented. Methods: An ethnographic study was carried out with the participation of students and teachers linked to the social structure and evolution of the seedbed. Participant observation and documental analysis were used as technical instruments for the description of the experience, and triangulation of the information was made by the researchers. Three categories emerged, namely: identity, significant learning and challenges. Results: The Seedbed of Research for Public Health and Epidemiology is an open space for students with open mind. It is interested in preparing research leaders with academic excellence, social responsibility and human quality. It enables comprehensive learning and training; reflection and respectful criticism; the ability to share and stimulus to creativity and being. It articulates processes of research training, formative research, journal clubs, film forums, seminars and cultural activities. Conclusions: The seedbed allows an early contact of the student with research processes. It uses an alternative and creative model that stimulates interest in science and intellectual cultivation. The leading role of students in their training processes is to be emphasized.

Objetivo: apresentam-se a experiência, história, cultura, dificuldades e reptos de um núcleo de investigação em saúde pública e epidemiologia na Colômbia. Métodos: fez-se um estudo etnográfico com participação de estudantes e professores vinculados com a estrutura social e evolução do núcleo. Mediante observação participante e análise documentário se estabeleceram os aspectos da experiência do núcleo, postos em comum para a triangulação de informação pelos pesquisadores; de ali, surgiram as categorias do estudo denominadas: identidade, aprendizagens significativas e desafios. Resultados: o núcleo de Saúde Pública e Epidemiologia (SISPE) é um espaço aberto para estudantes com mente aberta, interessado em formar líderes investigadores com excelência acadêmica, responsabilidade social e qualidade humana. Possibilita a aprendizagem e a formação integral; a reflexão e a crítica respeitosa; o compartilhar; o cultivo da criatividade e o ser. Articula processos de formação investigativa, investigação formativa, clubes de revista, cinema foros, seminários e atividades culturais. Conclusões: o núcleo possibilita a aproximação temporã a processos de formação investigativa e emprega um modelo alternativo e criativo que fomenta o interesse pela ciência e o cultivo intelectual. Sobressai o papel protagónico dos estudantes como líderes de seu processo formativo.

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We designed and implemented an intervention to improve the diet of 94 miners with cardiovascular risk of a mining company. The diagnosis included a qualitative study of the desires, motivations and barriers that workers have to lead a healthy life, a survey of food consumption and checking the institutional food service. Anthropometric and biochemical data were provided by the company. Based on the results, the intervention included improving the supply of healthy foods and conducting the communication campaign "Minero 100% Filete", workshops and nutritional counseling for them and their families. After 8 months of intervention we found a significant increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables and a decreased consumption of fried, cured and red meats. There was no significant change in BMI. However, there were significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, blood glucose levels, triglycerides and an increase in HDL cholesterol. Although the program was well received by the workers, it is acknowledged that there are significant adverse factors which merit improvement.

Se diseñó e implementó una intervención de 8 meses para mejorar la alimentación de 94 mineros con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. El diagnóstico incluyó un estudio cualitativo de los deseos, motivaciones y barreras de los trabajadores, una encuesta de consumo de alimentos y la revisión del aporte de la alimentación institucional. Los datos antropométricos y bioquímicos fueron proporcionados por la compañía minera. Con esta base, se solicitó mejorar la oferta de alimentos saludables y se realizó la campaña comunicacional "Minero 100% Filete", consejería nutricional, y talleres con las familias. Al finalizar la intervención se observó un aumento significativo del consumo de frutas y verduras y una disminución del consumo de frituras, cecinas y carnes rojas. No hubo cambios significativos en el IMC. Se registraron disminuciones significativas en la presión arterial sistólica, glicemia, triglicéridos y un aumento del colesterol HDL. El programa fue bien aceptado por los trabajadores, pero se reconocen factores ambientales adversos importantes de mejorar.

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Este artículo es resultado del proyecto de investigación Trayectoria e impacto de la estrategia semilleros de investigación de la Universidad de Antioquia para la universidad y en el contexto local y nacional”. En particular, se analiza la relación entre dos conceptos que se han incorporado en el discurso de la formación en investigación en todas las universidades colombianas como lo son el concepto de Investigación Formativa y de Investigación en sentido estricto. Los resultados reflejan la coexistencia de una multiplicidad de enfoques teórico-metodológicos en los que se expresan esas relaciones que finalmente terminan por determinar las estrategias bajo las cuales se forma en investigación actualmente en Colombia y en particular las dinámicas de los semilleros de investigación en la actualidad; concluyendo que hace falta un debate profundo sobre las condiciones pedagógicas para la formación de un investigador, tarea pendiente para una comunidad académica que en algunos casos ha recibido acríticamente los documentos de política nacional.

This article is the result of the research project entitled “Path and impact of the strategy of research hotbeds at University of Antioquia, for the University and the local and national context.” In particular, it examines the relationship between two concepts that have been incorporated into the speech in research training of all Colombian universities: Formative research and Research in the strict sense of the term. The results reflect the coexistence of a multiplicity of theoretical-methodological approaches in which those relationships are expressed, which in the long run, end up by identifying the strategies under which researchers are currently being trained in Colombia. It can be concluded that it is necessary a deep debate about the pedagogical conditions for the training of researchers. It is a pending task for an academic community, which in some cases, has uncritically received the documents of national policy.

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Los semilleros de investigación fungen como una iniciativa concebida con el propósito de coadyuvar al rompimiento de paradigmas de aprehensión del conocimiento, soportados en un modelo intangible de discernimiento que supere el desaborido método de aprendizaje tradicional en el aula. La idea es que ese conocimiento trascienda hacia percepciones críticas transformantes del entorno, bajo un espacio autónomo que aporte herramientas para que el ente en formación logre una verdadera apropiación de competencias, en esencia científicas, pero con criterio ético y compromiso social. Tal concepción, sin embargo, podría percibirse locuaz, e incluso metafórica al contraste de una realidad puramente versátil, en la que el neófito no sólo pretende saciarse del fruto del conocimiento, sino que además requiere que se esgriman estrategias apropiadas de aprehensión para alcanzarlo. Surge entonces, a partir de la entelequia formativa, el uso de herramientas tecnológicas fundamentadas en los ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje, en aras de potenciar la motivación como alternativa frente al desenfoque de perspectivas y la incipiente actividad dentro de algunos prototipos de semilleros, de actitud encallada, que en ocasiones no distan del modelo magistral.

The research nurseries serve as a initiative designed for the purpose of contribute to the breakdown of seizure paradigms of knowledge, supported by a theoretical model of discernment that exceed the traditional method of learning in the classroom, to transcend critical insights into transforming the environment under an autonomous space to provide tools essentially scientific, but with ethical criterion and social commitment. Such a conception, however, could be perceived as talkative, and even metaphorical, at the contrast of reality purely versatile in which the neophyte not only tries to get enough of the fruit of knowledge, but also requires that appropriate strategies are put forward to achieve seizure. Then arises, from the formative entelechy the use of technological tools based on virtual learning environments, in order to enhance motivation as an alternative against the blurring of perspectives and the emerging business in some types of nurseries, stranded attitude, that sometimes not far from the master model.

Os "semilleros" de pesquisa exercem como uma iniciativa concebida com o propósito de coadjuvar ao rompimento de paradigmas de apreensão do conhecimento, suportados em um modelo intangível de discernimento que supere o insosso método de aprendizagem tradicional na aula. A ideia é que esse conhecimento transcenda a percepções críticas transformantes do entorno, sob um espaço autônomo que aporte ferramentas para que o ente em formação logre uma verdadeira apropriação de competências, essencialmente científicas, mas com critério ético e compromisso social. Tal concepção, entretanto, poderia se perceber loquaz, e inclusive metafórica ao contraste de uma realidade puramente versátil, na que o neófito não só pretende se saciar do fruto do conhecimento, senão que, além disso, requere que se esgrimam estratégias apropriadas de apreensão para alcançá-lo. Surge então, a partir da enteléquia formativa, o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas fundamentadas nos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, em ordem de potenciar a motivação como alternativa frente à falta de foco de perspectivas e a incipiente atividade dentro de alguns protótipos de "semilleros", de atitude encalhada, que em ocasiões não distam do modelo magistral.

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Los estudios exploratorios (FR) son investigaciones que se llevan a cabo antes o durante la formulación o ejecución de un proyecto de investigación científica o de un programa determinado para asegurar que el programa o estudio que se realizará sea pertinente y aceptable desde el punto de vista cultural. Objetivos: En el marco del proyecto “Intervención Escolar para mejorar la Salud Mental de jóvenes de Enseñanza Media” se exploró las condiciones para la implementación de una intervención para prevenir la aparición de sintomatología depresiva en escolares de primero medio de establecimientos educacionales municipales en Santiago de Chile.Metodología: El estudio se realizó en cuatro establecimientos educacionales pertenecientes al universo del marco muestral de la investigación. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores claves, observaciones directas estructuradas y grupos focales. El análisis de los resultados de los contenidos de los grupos focales fue de tipo fenomenológico y categorial. Además se realizaron visitas a terreno, evaluando aspectos físicos de los establecimientos. Resultados: Sobre el significado de la depresión se evidencia como un problema que debe ser evaluado y tratado según la opinión de los alumnos, profesores y apoderados. Se planteó aprobación y disposición para realizar el taller para prevenir la depresión con una serie de sugerencias, como la confidencialidad, la participación de los padres, entre otras. Los directores y orientadores hacen hincapié en la red de apoyo asistencial de salud que cuentan los alumnos con problemas de salud mental, y el bajo interés de los padres en asistir a actividades de los establecimientos. Se observa una heterogénea disponibilidad física material para realizar una intervención en alumnos de primero medio.

Formative research (FR) is a study carried out before or during the formulation or implementation of a scientific research project or a particular program to ensure that the program or study being conducted is relevant and culturally acceptable. Objectives: In the framework of the “School-based intervention to improve the mental health of low-income, secondary school students in Santiago, Chile” we explored the conditions for the implementation of an intervention to prevent depression in adolescent attending to the first class of secondary public schools in Santiago, Chile. Methodology: The study was conducted in four secondary public schools belonging to the universe of the research sampling frame. Were conducted semi-structured interviews to key informants, direct observations and focus groups. The analysis of the results of focus group content was phenomenological and categorical. Site visits, assessing physical aspects of facilities were also carried out. Results: According to the opinion of students, teachers and parents, depression is a problem that must be evaluated and treated. Approval and provision was made for the intervention to prevent depression with a series of suggestions, such as confi dentiality, parental involvement, among others. Principals and counsellors emphasize the support network of health care that have students with mental health problems, and low parental interest in attending the activities of schools. The physical facilities available for the intervention were heterogeneous. Conclusion: The FR was a useful and necessary tool in the development and implementation of the research “School-based intervention to improve the mental health of low-income, secondary school students in Santiago, Chile” and provided the necessary inputs to model the intervention to prevent depression.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El presente escrito concibe la formación en investigación formativa como un proceso complejo, que demanda acciones simultáneas y congruentes en los terrenos objetivo, subjetivo e intersubjetivo, planificados cuidadosa y progresivamente para dar forma a los actores que la desarrollan en el ámbito universitario (docentes, alumnos y administrativos). La formación integral en investigación formativa en el área de la salud requiere una perspectiva amplia y ‘comprehensiva' de facilitación de procesos en los escenarios de la ciencia, el arte y la moral o en los mundos de la verdad objetiva, la veracidad subjetiva y la equidad intersubjetiva. Implica también el desarrollo y mantenimiento de una cultura de investigación formativa que incentive sujetos comprometidos con la autoindagación sistemática, la interacción y el debate argumentado al interior de comunidades de pares, con una formación metodológica rigurosa para aproximarse a los objetos de estudio.

These writing conceive formation in formative research as a complex process that demands simultaneous and congruent actions in the objective, subjective and intersubjective fields, adjusted to a careful and progressive planification in order to form teachers, students and management staff as university actors of research processes. Integral formation in formative research into health area demands a comprehensive and broad perspective encompassing science, moral and art, or objective truth, subjective veracity and intersubjective equity. All means must meet towards a strong and developmental formative research culture capable of nourishing subjects engaged in systematic self-questioning, interaction and argumentated debate at the interior of communities of pairs. In the same way, they must have rigorous methodological formation in order to approach the study objects.

Assuntos