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INTRODUCTION: Guatemalan lay midwives are well-respected community leaders in a country that lacks the institutional capacity to meet healthcare needs related to pregnancy, newborns, and COVID-19. Thus, Guatemalan lay midwives, who attend the majority of births in their country and who attend most births at home, are in an optimal position to offer frontline support to pregnant women and newborns regarding the global pandemic. The primary objective of this program of study was to dispel myths about COVID-19 and to provide culturally relevant educational activities to low-literacy Guatemalan lay midwives about issues related to the virus, such as signs and symptoms, risks to the mother and fetus, which patients are most vulnerable, appropriate responses, benefits and side-effects of the vaccine, timing of the vaccine, how the virus interacts with breastfeeding, and breastfeeding recommendations. METHODS: In a partnership among the Guatemalan Ministry of Health, expert faculty at the University of Utah College of Nursing, and Madre y Niño, a non-profit organization from the US, evidence-based educational activities about COVID-19 were offered orally in the native language of participants. Two hundred and ten lay midwives attended educational sessions at 11 locations throughout the remote Peten department. Educational activities included repetition, storytelling, and role plays. A pretest-post-test evaluation of 10 questions with 24 correct answers was used to determine if the educational activities changed lay midwife knowledge about COVID-19. Participants were given essential birth supplies and laminated COVID Reminder Cards, which were designed to increase visual literacy, to encourage knowledge retention after the educational sessions. RESULTS: Participants showed a significant increase in knowledge scores (possible 0-24) from prescores 7.09 (standard deviation (SD)=3.06) to 15.20 (SD=4.61), Student's t-test p<0.001. In addition, a significantly higher proportion of participants mistakenly thought COVID-19 passed through breast milk on the pretest (70.1%) compared to post-test (8.4%) (McNemar test, p<0.001). Regarding breastfeeding, 12.6% of participants knew on the pretest that women with COVID-19 who breastfeed should wear a mask and wash their hands compared to 74.3% of participants who knew these recommendations on the post-test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p<0.001). Finally, 2% of participants knew on the pretest that pregnant women with COVID-19 should take a low-dose aspirin compared to 67% of participants on the post-test (χ² (1)=194.7, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These essential primary care providers misunderstood many critical issues related to COVID-19, pregnancy, and newborns. Culturally relevant educational activities provided orally in the native language of participants dispelled myths about the virus and significantly improved lay midwife knowledge. Providing evidence-based educational activities in a culturally relevant format is critical to protecting remote, vulnerable populations, such as pregnant Guatemalan women and newborns, during a global pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Tocologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Guatemala , Feminino , Tocologia/educação , Gravidez , Adulto , Pandemias , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
RESUMO Introdução: O aumento global da alimentação não saudável está intimamente ligado a uma tendência de redução na preparação da comida feita em casa. Já existem estudos que mostram uma associação positiva entre o aumento das habilidades culinárias e a redução de risco cardiovascular. Somado a isso, o baixo tempo destinado à educação nutricional no currículo das faculdades de Medicina contrasta com as altas taxas de mortalidade atribuíveis à má alimentação. A medicina culinária (MC) é um campo emergente da medicina, que traz uma nova abordagem educacional, baseada em evidências científicas, cujo objetivo é ensinar o poder que a comida tem sobre a saúde e melhorar os comportamentos alimentares dos profissionais de saúde e, consequentemente, de seus pacientes. Relato da experiência: Desenvolveu-se uma disciplina eletiva de MC na Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) que resultou em um relato de experiência, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 18 alunos que participaram de encontros semanais durante cinco semanas de forma 100% online, por meio da plataforma Zoom. Os dados deste estudo foram coletados por meio de portfólios, em que cada estudante descreveu sua experiência com o curso. A avaliação do material foi feita por meio de análise temática. Aplicou-se um questionário que avaliou o Índice de Habilidades Culinárias, desenvolvido e validado segundo a autoeficácia no desempenho das habilidades culinárias e tendo como referencial teórico o Guia alimentar para a população brasileira. Discussão: Existem inúmeros desafios, como a conscientização dos médicos sobre a importância desse assunto, que muitas vezes parece ser mais prático do que técnico, e a subjetividade do tema sobre mudança de comportamento de médicos e pacientes. No entanto, os resultados deste estudo evidenciam que os alunos que realizaram a eletiva acreditam que essa reformulação curricular é extremamente importante e urgente. Conclusão: Observa-se uma tendência mundial de transformação da grade curricular dos profissionais da saúde, e acredita-se que esse processo pode ser iniciado nas faculdades de Medicina por meio de disciplinas eletivas de MC como a que foi implementada na Escola Paulista de Medicina da Unifesp.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The global increase in unhealthy eating is closely linked to a downward trend in food preparation at home. There are studies showing a positive association between increased cooking skills and reduced cardiovascular risk. In addition, the little time devoted to nutrition education in the curriculum of medical schools contrasts with the high mortality rates attributable to poor diet. Culinary Medicine (CM) is an emerging field of Medicine, which brings a new educational approach, based on scientific evidence, whose objective is to teach the power that food has on health and to improve the eating behaviors of healthcare professionals and, consequently, of their patients. Experience report: An elective discipline of CM was developed at Unifesp, which resulted in a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 18 students who participated in weekly meetings during 5 weeks of training. The meetings were carried out 100% online, through the Zoom platform. Data from this study were collected through portfolios, in which each student described their experience with the course. The analysis of the material was carried out through thematic analysis. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the Culinary Skills Index developed and validated according to self-efficacy in the performance of culinary skills and having as theoretical reference the Dietary Guideline for the Brazilian Population. Discussion: There are numerous challenges such as the physicians' awareness about the importance of this approach, which often seems to be more practical than technical, and the subjectivity of the topic on changing the behavior of physicians and patients. However, the results of this study show that the students who took the elective course believe that this curricular reformulation is extremely important and urgent. Conclusion: There is a worldwide transformation trend in the curriculum of healthcare professionals, and it is believed that this process can be initiated in medical schools through elective courses in Culinary Medicine, such as the one implemented at Unifesp.
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Resumo Objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento de práticas assistenciais de enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método estudo quantitativo e transversal, realizado com 216 enfermeiros de 97 municípios integrantes de duas Macrorregiões de Saúde do Estado de Santa Catarina, os quais responderam um questionário do tipo survey, no ano de 2019. Os dados passaram por estatística descritiva analítica e inferencial. Resultados entre as práticas assistenciais observou-se prevalência do acolhimento e da consulta do enfermeiro, o que fortalece a sua autonomia e a resolutividade da Atenção Primária, seguidos dos procedimentos de enfermagem. As visitas domiciliares sobressaem-se para a periodicidade de até três vezes por semana e as atividades educativas concentraram-se na periodicidade quinzenal. As atividades de educação em saúde voltam-se majoritariamente aos usuários portadores de patologias crônicas. Os enfermeiros privilegiam as abordagens assistenciais individuais, em detrimento às ações educativas em grupo. Conclusão e implicações para a prática há necessidade do fortalecimento da dimensão educativa, no trabalho do enfermeiro, que tangencie atividades assistenciais e gerenciais na Atenção Primária à Saúde, em especial, voltadas para grupos.
Resumen Objetivo analizar el desarrollo de las prácticas asistenciales de los enfermeros que actúan en Atención Primaria de la Salud. Método estudio cuantitativo y transversal, realizado con 216 enfermeros de 97 municipios de dos Macrorregiones de Salud del estado de Santa Catarina, que respondieron un cuestionario tipo encuesta en el año 2019. Los datos fueron sometidos a estadística descriptiva analítica e inferencial. Resultados entre las prácticas de atención predominaron la acogida y la consulta de Enfermería, lo que fortalece su autonomía y la capacidad resolutiva de la Atención Básica, seguida por procedimientos de Enfermería. Se destacan las visitas domiciliarias por su periodicidad de hasta tres veces por semana y las actividades educativas se concentraron en la periodicidad quincenal. Las actividades de educación para la salud están dirigidas principalmente a usuarios con patologías crónicas. Los enfermeros privilegian enfoques de atención individual en detrimento de acciones educativas grupales. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica es necesario fortalecer la dimensión educativa en el trabajo de los enfermeros, lo que repercute en las actividades de atención y gestión en Atención Primaria de la Salud, especialmente aquellas dirigidas a grupos.
Abstract Objective to analyze the development of care practices of nurses working in Primary Health Care. Method A cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out with 216 nurses from 97 municipalities in two Health Macroregions of the state of Santa Catarina, who answered a survey-type questionnaire in 2019. The data were submitted to analytical and inferential descriptive statistics. Results Among the care practices, there was a prevalence of welcoming and Nursing consultation, strengthening their autonomy and Primary Care resoluteness, followed by Nursing procedures. Home visits stand out for the periodicity of up to three times a week, and the educational activities were concentrated on fortnightly periodicity. Health education activities are mainly targeted at users with chronic pathologies. Nurses favor individual care approaches to the detriment of group educational actions. Conclusion and implications for the practice There is a need to strengthen the educational dimension in nurses' work, which has repercussions on care and management activities in Primary Health Care, especially those aimed at groups.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Enfermagem Primária , Estratégias de Saúde Nacionais , Promoção da Saúde , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of day- and evening-class students in the first semester test of Dental Materials in the School of Dentistry at São José dos Campos - UNESP, who were exposed to traditional lectures (TRAD) and Team-Based Learning (TBL). Material and Methods: The results of Dental Materials first semester test of students, from day and evening classes of 2016 were tabulated and analyzed in this research. The groups formed for the execution of the methodology were randomized using the individual global average of the previous year of the students, and the groups were composed of 6 to 7 members, maintained throughout the course. During the correction of the tests, the subject of each question and the applied methodology (TBL and TRAD) were identified. Responses of each question were graded separately according to the subject for comparison between methodologies. A total of 88 tests were evaluated. The performance was evaluated through a comparison of the average grade of each question, related to a specific learning methodology. The data were submitted to t-test. Results: The students' overall performance was similar when both methodologies were compared. Students from day class presented higher grades with TBL whilst evening class students presented better performance in questions with traditional lectures. Conclusion: Active learning should be further implemented in Brazilian Dental Schools to change students' habits aiming to improve their personal and social skills besides of professional technical knowledge. (AU)
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho de alunos dos turnos diurno e noturno na prova do primeiro semestre da Disciplina Materiais Dentários da Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos - UNESP, expostos a aulas tradicionais (TRAD) e Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipe (TBL). Material e Métodos: Os resultados da prova dos alunos, dos turnos diurno e noturno de 2016, foram tabulados e analisados. As turmas utilizadas para a execução da pesquisa foram randomizadas utilizando-se a média global individual do ano anterior dos alunos, sendo as turmas compostas de 6 a 7 integrantes, mantidas ao longo do curso. Durante a correção das provas, foram identificados os assuntos de cada questão e a metodologia aplicada (TRAD e TBL). As respostas de cada questão foram graduadas separadamente de acordo com o assunto para comparação entre as metodologias. Um total de 88 testes foi avaliado. O desempenho dos alunos foi avaliado por meio da comparação da nota média de cada questão, relacionada a uma metodologia específica de aprendizagem. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t. Resultados: O desempenho geral dos alunos foi semelhante quando comparadas as duas metodologias. Os alunos do período diurno apresentaram notas mais altas no tratamento TBL, enquanto os alunos do período noturno apresentaram melhor desempenho nas questões com aulas expositivas tradicionais. Conclusão: A aprendizagem ativa deve ser mais implementada nos cursos de graduação em Odontologia, no Brasil, para melhorar as habilidades pessoais e sociais dos alunos, além de aperfeiçoar o conhecimento técnico profissional dos discentes (AU).
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Humanos , Faculdades de Odontologia , Universidades , Educação , Avaliação Educacional , AprendizagemRESUMO
ABSTRACT Few recently published studies investigating the benefits of educational and cognitive interventions on quality of life (QoL), psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms are available. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of educational and cognitive interventions on psychological well-being, QoL, and mood in mature and older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: The systematic review took place from September to October 2020 and the following databases were used to select the studies: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and Medline. The search terms used were idos* AND "treino cognitivo" AND "bem-estar psicológico" AND "qualidade de vida" and their corresponding translations in English and Spanish. Results: Of the 241 articles retrieved, 26 primary studies were included in the review. Of these, 18 showed improvement in QoL, psychological well-being, or cognition. Conclusions: The studies reported beneficial effects of educational and cognitive interventions for QoL, psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms of mature and older adults without dementia or depression.
RESUMO Nos últimos anos, foram encontrados poucos estudos relatando os benefícios das intervenções cognitivas e educativas à qualidade de vida, ao bem-estar psicológico e contra os sintomas depressivos. Objetivo: Investigar os impactos de intervenções educativas e cognitivas nas variáveis de bem-estar psicológico, qualidade de vida e humor de adultos maduros e idosos sem demência e/ou com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Métodos: A pesquisa de revisão sistemática ocorreu entre setembro e outubro de 2020 e, para a seleção dos estudos, foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), PubMed e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Foram selecionados os seguintes termos para a busca: "idos*" AND "treino cognitivo" AND "bem-estar psicológico" AND "qualidade de vida" e seus correspondentes em inglês e espanhol. Resultados: De 241 artigos contendo as palavras-chave, 26 estudos primários foram selecionados para esta revisão. Deles, 18 demonstraram melhora significativa na qualidade de vida, no bem-estar psicológico ou na cognição. Conclusões: Os estudos analisados evidenciaram efeitos positivos das intervenções educacionais e cognitivas para a qualidade de vida, para o bem-estar psicológico e contra os sintomas depressivos de idosos e adultos maduros sem demência e depressão.
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Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Qualidade de Vida , Bem-Estar Psicológico , Depressão , Treino CognitivoRESUMO
Early dementia diagnosis has many benefits and is a priority. In Brazil, most cases are diagnosed by a specialist. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the average time from disease onset to specialist assessment and related factors; we also propose potential strategies to deal with this delay. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional database study in 245 patients with dementia from an outpatient clinic in a tertiary university hospital in Southern Brazil, which only assesses individuals from the Unified Health System (SUS). The outcome was time from symptoms onset to specialist assessment, reported by the informants. Individuals were separated into two groups: less and more than 1 year to specialist assessment. Multivariable analysis was used to test the potential related factors associated with delayed specialist assessment. RESULTS: Mean±SD of time from symptoms onset to specialist assessment was 3.3±3.3 years. In the unadjusted analysis, individuals who were assessed before 1 year were more often diagnosed with vascular dementia, had more sudden and subacute onset, neuropsychiatric symptoms at presentation, rapid progression, and alcohol and antipsychotics use (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, the effects of personality changes and onset presentation persisted, even when controlling for other variables. CONCLUSION: We found a long time from disease onset to specialist assessment, and those with personality changes and faster presentation were referred earlier. Improving the diagnostic capability of general practitioners, mass educational campaigns and transmission of knowledge by experts are some potential strategies to deal with delay of dementia diagnosis.
O diagnóstico precoce de demência tem muitos benefícios e deve ser uma prioridade. No Brasil, ele é feito por especialistas na maioria dos casos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo médio entre o início da doença até a avaliação com especialista e seus possíveis fatores relacionados; também propomos estratégias potenciais para lidar com esse atraso. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base de dados com 245 pacientes com demência atendidos em ambulatório de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil, que avalia indivíduos provenientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O desfecho principal foi o tempo entre o início dos sintomas até a avaliação com o especialista, relatados pelos informantes. Os indivíduos foram separados em dois grupos: tempo até a consulta com o especialista menor e maior que 1 ano. A análise multivariável foi usada para testar os possíveis fatores relacionados à avaliação tardia pelo especialista. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio±DP entre o início dos sintomas e a avaliação com o especialista foi de 3,3±3,3 anos. Na análise não ajustada, os indivíduos que chegaram para avaliação antes de 1 ano do início da doença foram diagnosticados com mais frequência com demência vascular, tiveram início do quadro mais repentino e subagudo, sintomas neuropsiquiátricos na apresentação, progressão rápida, uso de álcool e antipsicóticos (p<0,05). Na análise multivariada, apenas alterações de personalidade e início rápido dos sintomas mostraram-se preditores para chegada mais precoce ao especialista, mesmo controlando possíveis confundidores. CONCLUSÃO: Encontramos um longo tempo entre o início da doença até a avaliação do especialista e indivíduos com alterações de personalidade e apresentação mais rápida foram encaminhados mais precocemente. Melhorar a capacidade diagnóstica do médico de família, campanhas educacionais em massa e transmissão de conhecimento por especialistas são algumas estratégias potenciais para lidar com o atraso do diagnóstico de demência.
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ABSTRACT. Early dementia diagnosis has many benefits and is a priority. In Brazil, most cases are diagnosed by a specialist. Objective: We aimed to study the average time from disease onset to specialist assessment and related factors; we also propose potential strategies to deal with this delay. Methods: This was a cross-sectional database study in 245 patients with dementia from an outpatient clinic in a tertiary university hospital in Southern Brazil, which only assesses individuals from the Unified Health System (SUS). The outcome was time from symptoms onset to specialist assessment, reported by the informants. Individuals were separated into two groups: less and more than 1 year to specialist assessment. Multivariable analysis was used to test the potential related factors associated with delayed specialist assessment. Results: Mean±SD of time from symptoms onset to specialist assessment was 3.3±3.3 years. In the unadjusted analysis, individuals who were assessed before 1 year were more often diagnosed with vascular dementia, had more sudden and subacute onset, neuropsychiatric symptoms at presentation, rapid progression, and alcohol and antipsychotics use (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, the effects of personality changes and onset presentation persisted, even when controlling for other variables. Conclusion: We found a long time from disease onset to specialist assessment, and those with personality changes and faster presentation were referred earlier. Improving the diagnostic capability of general practitioners, mass educational campaigns and transmission of knowledge by experts are some potential strategies to deal with delay of dementia diagnosis.
RESUMO. O diagnóstico precoce de demência tem muitos benefícios e deve ser uma prioridade. No Brasil, ele é feito por especialistas na maioria dos casos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo médio entre o início da doença até a avaliação com especialista e seus possíveis fatores relacionados; também propomos estratégias potenciais para lidar com esse atraso. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base de dados com 245 pacientes com demência atendidos em ambulatório de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil, que avalia indivíduos provenientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O desfecho principal foi o tempo entre o início dos sintomas até a avaliação com o especialista, relatados pelos informantes. Os indivíduos foram separados em dois grupos: tempo até a consulta com o especialista menor e maior que 1 ano. A análise multivariável foi usada para testar os possíveis fatores relacionados à avaliação tardia pelo especialista. Resultados: O tempo médio±DP entre o início dos sintomas e a avaliação com o especialista foi de 3,3±3,3 anos. Na análise não ajustada, os indivíduos que chegaram para avaliação antes de 1 ano do início da doença foram diagnosticados com mais frequência com demência vascular, tiveram início do quadro mais repentino e subagudo, sintomas neuropsiquiátricos na apresentação, progressão rápida, uso de álcool e antipsicóticos (p<0,05). Na análise multivariada, apenas alterações de personalidade e início rápido dos sintomas mostraram-se preditores para chegada mais precoce ao especialista, mesmo controlando possíveis confundidores. Conclusão: Encontramos um longo tempo entre o início da doença até a avaliação do especialista e indivíduos com alterações de personalidade e apresentação mais rápida foram encaminhados mais precocemente. Melhorar a capacidade diagnóstica do médico de família, campanhas educacionais em massa e transmissão de conhecimento por especialistas são algumas estratégias potenciais para lidar com o atraso do diagnóstico de demência.
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Humanos , Demência , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Disseminação de Informação , Educação , Diagnóstico Tardio , Clínicos GeraisRESUMO
Introducción: La pandemia del coronavirus ha generado que muchos estudiantes teman perder el ciclo. Objetivo: Validar una escala que mida la percepción de posibles repercusiones académicas en estudiantes universitarios en el Perú. Metodología: Se realizó un proceso de validación de un test que mide la percepción acerca de las posibles repercusiones académicas en estudiantes universitarios. La validación se realizó mediante búsqueda de literatura científica, construcción del primer bosquejo, validación del test por expertos (59 expertos: epidemiólogos, investigadores, médicos), análisis factorial exploratorio y estadístico. Resultados: Respecto a la relevancia se observa que el ítem 7 es más esencial o importante que los demás (V = 1,00; IC 95 por ciento: 0,73-0,96). El ítem 8 (M = 3,80; /= 1,152) presenta la mayor media y, la más baja, el ítem 6 (M = 3,03; DE = 1,342). La pertinencia del AFE se justifica con el índice KMO (0,85) y la prueba de Bartlett (12577,0; gl = 28; p = / 0,001) siendo aceptables y significativos. Se obtuvo un coeficiente α de Cronbach de 0,899 con un intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento de 0,882-0,898; indicando que la consistencia del instrumento es buena. Conclusiones: Se validó una escala de factor único que mide la percepción que tienen los estudiantes universitarios acerca de las posibles repercusiones de la pandemia del coronavirus en sus estudios. Es necesario evaluar cada realidad y el instrumento puede servir como una escala base para ello(AU)
Introduction: As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, many students are worried that they may lose their academic term. Objective: Validate a scale to measure the perception of possible academic impacts among Peruvian university students. Method: A validation process was conducted of a test measuring the perception of university students about possible academic impacts. The validation was based on a scientific bibliography search, development of a preliminary overview, validation of the test by 59 experts: epidemiologists, researchers and physicians, exploratory factor analysis, and statistical analysis. Results: In terms of relevance, item 7 was found to be more essential or important than the others (V = 1.00; CI 95 percent: 0.73-0.96). Item 8 (M = 3.80; /= 1.152) exhibits the highest mean, and item 6 the lowest (M = 3.03; SD = 1.342). AFE relevance is justified by the KMO index (0.85) and Bartlett's test (12577.0; gl = 28; p = / 0.001), both of which were found to be acceptable and significant. A Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.899 was obtained, with a confidence interval of 95 percent, SD 0.882-0.898, indicating a good consistency level. Conclusions: A single factor scale was validated which measures the perception of university students about the possible impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on their studies. It is necessary to evaluate each reality, and the tool may serve as a base scale for that purpose(AU)
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Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes , Intervalos de Confiança , Infecções por CoronavirusRESUMO
Few recently published studies investigating the benefits of educational and cognitive interventions on quality of life (QoL), psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms are available. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of educational and cognitive interventions on psychological well-being, QoL, and mood in mature and older adults without dementia and/or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: The systematic review took place from September to October 2020 and the following databases were used to select the studies: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and Medline. The search terms used were idos* AND "treino cognitivo" AND "bem-estar psicológico" AND "qualidade de vida" and their corresponding translations in English and Spanish. Results: Of the 241 articles retrieved, 26 primary studies were included in the review. Of these, 18 showed improvement in QoL, psychological well-being, or cognition. Conclusions: The studies reported beneficial effects of educational and cognitive interventions for QoL, psychological well-being, and depressive symptoms of mature and older adults without dementia or depression.
Nos últimos anos, foram encontrados poucos estudos relatando os benefícios das intervenções cognitivas e educativas à qualidade de vida, ao bem-estar psicológico e contra os sintomas depressivos. Objetivo: Investigar os impactos de intervenções educativas e cognitivas nas variáveis de bem-estar psicológico, qualidade de vida e humor de adultos maduros e idosos sem demência e/ou com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Métodos: A pesquisa de revisão sistemática ocorreu entre setembro e outubro de 2020 e, para a seleção dos estudos, foram utilizadas as bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), PubMed e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Foram selecionados os seguintes termos para a busca: "idos*" AND "treino cognitivo" AND "bem-estar psicológico" AND "qualidade de vida" e seus correspondentes em inglês e espanhol. Resultados: De 241 artigos contendo as palavras-chave, 26 estudos primários foram selecionados para esta revisão. Deles, 18 demonstraram melhora significativa na qualidade de vida, no bem-estar psicológico ou na cognição. Conclusões: Os estudos analisados evidenciaram efeitos positivos das intervenções educacionais e cognitivas para a qualidade de vida, para o bem-estar psicológico e contra os sintomas depressivos de idosos e adultos maduros sem demência e depressão.
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BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome (BS) is highly prevalent among medical students and is associated with lower empathy and worsening of medical students Ì mental health. The aim of our study was to identify prevalence of BS during internship and its association with self-rated social support and participation in extracurricular activities in one medical school in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015, with 121 medical students on internship (56% response rate). They were evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services (MBI) and assessed about socio demographic data, social support and extracurricular activities. RESULTS: The overall BS prevalence was 57.5% among medical interns. High emotional exhaustion was present in 33.1% (N = 38) of interns, high depersonalization was observed in 45.7% (N = 58) and 36.2% of participants (N = 46) had low personal accomplishment. Individuals with participation in community services had lower frequency of depersonalization (prevalence ratio 0.61 CI95% 0.42-0.88). BS was not associated with different types of extracurricular activities and no association was found among BS and the behaviour of seeking social support. CONCLUSIONS: We found high prevalence of BS in medical interns, however the behaviour of seeking social support had no association with BS. The interns participating in community activities had lower frequency of high depersonalization.
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Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Internato e Residência , Apoio Social , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Despersonalização/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Política , Prevalência , Seguridade Social , Esportes/psicologia , Voluntários/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones han originado cambios imprevisibles y vertiginosos en las distintas esferas de la vida. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado actual de la gestión de información estadística relacionada con las actividades formativas en la Universidad Virtual de Salud de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y longitudinal de evaluación durante el curso escolar 2016-2017 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Resultados: Los gestores poseían pocos años de experiencia como activistas de UNIVERS; se aprovechaban variadas fuentes de información primaria para recolectar la información; no existía uniformidad en los modelos de registros primarios y era limitado el empleo de aplicaciones informáticas que contribuyeran a organizar, procesar, archivar, controlar, recuperar y agilizar la información estadística. De igual modo, el proceso de gestión de edición y emisión de certificados manuales resultaba moroso y difícil. Conclusiones: Se determinó que no siempre los gestores de UNIVERS percibían las potencialidades de las tecnologías para obtener la información estadística y que, a pesar de que se realizaban actividades de alfabetización utilizando las herramientas que brinda esta plataforma de teleformación, existía escaso aprovechamiento de estas para garantizar un adecuado análisis, control y emisión de la información estadística de las actividades formativas y los recursos educativos abiertos en la Universidad Virtual de Salud.
Introduction: Information and communications technologies have originated unforeseeable and vertiginous changes in the different spheres of life. Objective: To characterize the current state of the statistical information management related to the training activities in the Health Virtual University in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive and longitudinal study of evaluation during the school course 2016-2017 was carried out in the Medical Sciences University in Santiago de Cuba. Results: The managers had few years of experience as activists of UNIVERS; they took advantage from varied primary information sources to gather the information; there was no uniformity in the models of primary records and the use of computer tools was limited which contributed to organize, to process, to file, to control, to recover and to make faster the statistical information. Likewise, edition and emission of manual certificates was a doubtful and difficult process. Conclusions: It was determined that UNIVERS managers not always perceived the potentialities of technologies for obtaining statistical information and that, although there were literacy activities carried out using the tools offered by this training platform, there was scarce use of them to guarantee an appropriate analysis, control and emission of the statistical information of training activities and the teaching open resources emerging in the Health Virtual University.
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Educação a Distância , Tecnologia da Informação , Realidade Virtual , Estatística , Capacitação ProfissionalRESUMO
ISSUE ADDRESSED: Social inclusion is important for mental health, and schools are important settings for creating positive attitudes against prejudice. Capoeira is a Brazilian traditional culture that is a mixture of dance, martial arts and games, and has many educational possibilities. Since it arose from and helped people rise above black oppression, the purpose of the project was introducing the content of capoeira to primary school students with the aim of promoting of mental health and preventing prejudice behaviours using an intercultural perspective in a school where nearly half the students are Aboriginal. METHODS: Five capoeira classes were conducted in a primary school located in a regional city in Western Australia, with two Year 5-6 classes and boys and girls aged 11-12 years old. Activities were meant to create an environment of dialogue, joy and empathy towards a different culture. Feedback from 31 of 34 students were collected and analysed, dealing with their impressions, positive and negative aspects. RESULTS: The results were positive, with aspects of movement, joy, dance and music identified as important experiences. Empathy towards the new culture was written and drawn by many of the students. Joint work with teachers improved engagement and feedback from students. CONCLUSION: Capoeira can be an inspiring vehicle in intercultural education, promoting mental health and empathy for different cultures. SO WHAT?: Broad intercultural education which embraces positive cultural experiences and stories from elsewhere, delivered in schools can contribute to children's intercultural competence. Longer interventions with follow-up to measure changes in students' attitudes are required.
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Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Saúde Mental , Preconceito/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/organização & administração , Estudantes/psicologia , Criança , Diversidade Cultural , Empatia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Austrália OcidentalRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, de todos los pacientes notificados en los registros estadísticos de las comunidades de pobreza extrema y las nuevas urbanizaciones del estado Carabobo, durante el primer semestre del 2016, con vistas a identificar las actividades desarrolladas en estos, de acuerdo a las siguientes variables: consultas estomatológicas, actividades de promoción de salud, otros procedimientos estomatológicos y las remisiones al segundo nivel de atención. Entre los resultados se obtuvo que el mayor porcentaje de consultas se realizara en el primer trimestre del año, con predominio de las consultas-convenios, así como de las actividades de promoción de la salud. El grupo etario de menores de 18 años fue el más beneficiado con las actividades afectivo-participativas impartidas, en tanto los procedimientos estomatológicos preponderaron también en el primer trimestre, a excepción de la aplicación de laca de flúor, y la enfermedad periodontal fue la causa más frecuente de remisión al segundo nivel de atención
A descriptive, observational, longitudinal and retrospective study, from all the patients notified in the statistical records of extreme poverty communities and from the new urbanizations of the state Carabobo was carried out during the first semester of 2016, with the objective of describing the activities developed in them, according to the following variables: estomatological visits, health promotion activities, other estomatological activities and referral at the second care level. Among the results it was obtained that the highest percentage of visits was carried out in the first trimester of the year, with prevalence of the visits-agreements, as well as of the health promotion activities. The age group younger than 18 years had the greatest benefits with the delivered affective-participative activities, while the estomatological procedures also prevailed in the first trimester, except the use of fluorine, and the periodontal disease was the most frequent cause of referral to the second care level
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal , Assistência Odontológica Integral , Promoção da Saúde , Pobreza , Urbanização , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
RESUMO: O artigo apresenta reflexões derivadas de um estudo curricular pautado pelo objetivo de mapear elementos demonstrativos do quadro atual de formação de pedagogos para atuação profissional em contextos de Educação Não Escolar (ENE). O estudo curricular abrangeu Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos de Pedagogia de 20 universidades públicas brasileiras e os procedimentos analíticos se estruturaram a partir do uso da técnica de análise categorial de conteúdo. O referencial subjacente às análises baseia-se na discussão sobre o caráter epistemológico da Pedagogia e da ENE, bem como na abordagem crítica em torno dos enfoques curriculares que formam tradições do curso de Pedagogia no Brasil. Em vista dos resultados analíticos, se destacam a pouca expressividade de saberes específicos relativos à ENE na configuração curricular dos cursos de Pedagogia e, em consequência, os desafios da estruturação de percursos formativos que dialoguem melhor com demandas de novos âmbitos de inserção profissional do pedagogo.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents reflections derived from a curriculum study guided by the goal of mapping demonstrative elements of the current framework of pedagogue training for professional performance in contexts of Non-School Education (NSE). The curriculum study covered Pedagogical Projects of Pedagogy Courses from 20 brazilian public universities and analytical procedures were structured by the use of categorial content analysis technique. Underlying framework in the analysis is based on the discussion of the epistemological character of Pedagogy, as well as the critical approach around curricular perspectives that constitute Pedagogy course's traditions in Brazil. From analytical results, it is recognized the little expressiveness of specific knowledge relating to the NSE in Pedagogy courses' curricular settings and, as a result, the challenges of structuring formation routes that are associated with the demands of new employability spaces for pedagogues.
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BACKGROUND: School-based body mass index screenings (SBMIS) have been controversial. We aimed to determine if parents would indicate improved utility with SBMIS when the report included parent education and whether parental intent to modify obesity risk factors would vary with report type or child weight. METHODS: A cluster-controlled trial was conducted with 31 elementary schools randomized to distribute a standard SBMIS report or the standard report plus education (SBMIS+). A random subsample of parents completed a mailed survey (731 SBMIS, 738 SBMIS+). Using a two-stage cluster sampling design, logistic regression models with school-level random effect were used to assess differences between conditions and by weight category. RESULTS: Parents in the SBMIS+ condition vs. the standard condition were more likely to indicate that the report provided useful information (not significant) and an intent to help their child get enough sleep (p < 0.001). Parents of children who were overweight or obese were less likely than parents of children who were not to indicate that the report provided useful information about their child's weight status (p < 0.001) or access to resources (p < 0.05). However, these parents were more likely to plan a visit to healthcare provider (p < 0.001) and to intend to limit sugar-sweetened beverages (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Parental education can enhance the utility of the SBMIS report and parental intention to modify at least one obesity risk factor. SBMIS reports prompted parents of children with overweight and obesity to seek clinical care and limit sugar-sweetened drinks.
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Dieta , Pais/educação , Pais/psicologia , Obesidade Infantil/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Análise por Conglomerados , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Educação em Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Notificação aos Pais , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Avaliar a aplicação da metodologia de problematização (MP), o Arco de Maguerez, como um método de ensino-aprendizagem na formação de estudantes de pós-graduação. Material e Métodos: 25 alunos de pós-graduação do programa em Dentística Restauradora do Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita Filho - UNESP, que faziam parte da disciplina de Didática Aplicada ao Ensino Superior em Saúde, desenvolveram atividades que caracterizaram a MP, e a metodologia de ensino tradicional em vigor. Por meio de um questionário, foi possível avaliar a percepção que os alunos tinham das atividades. Resultados: Verificou-se que a MP foi um método de ensino-aprendizagem válido para a formação de novos professores; Para todos os estudantes, eles foram suficientemente encorajados a desenvolver um pensamento crítico sobre as situações abordadas; 96% dos estudantes acreditam que a PM é coerente para a formação de futuros professores e fornece um modelo de aprendizagem para um desenvolvimento profissional contínuo; No entanto, 44% e 32% dos estudantes, respectivamente, acreditam que os professores não estão preparados para trabalhar em equipes multidisciplinares, como afirmado pelo MP e que os professores não estão dispostos a mudar seus métodos didáticos. Conclusão: MP, com base no Arco de Maquerez pode ser aplicado como uma ferramenta complementar na construção do conhecimento dos futuros professores, além de ser uma estratégia para pesquisa e estudo...
Evaluate the application of the problematization methodology (PM), Maguerezs Arch, as an alternative teaching-learning method in the formation of post-graduation students. Material and Methods: 25 post-graduate students of the program in Restorative Dentistry at the Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita Filho UNESP, who were part of the discipline of Didactics Applied to Higher Education in Healthcare, developed activities that characterized the PM, and the traditional teaching methodology in force. By means of a questionnaire it was possible to assess the perception of the students had of the activities. Result: It was observed that PM was a valid alternative teaching-learning method for the formation of new professors; For all the students, they were sufficiently encouraged to develop a critical thinking about the situations addressed; 96% of the students believe that the PM is coherent for the formation of future professors and provides a learning model for a continuous professional development; However, 44% and 32% of the students respectively, believed that the professors are not prepared to work in multidisciplinary teams, as stated by the ,PM and that the professors are not inclined to change their didactic methods. Conclusion: PM, based on Maquerezs Arch can be applied as a complementary tool in the construction of the future professors knowledge, in addition to being a strategy for research and study...
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Humanos , Educação em Odontologia , Aprendizagem , EnsinoRESUMO
Introducción: En investigaciones previas se ha identificado la desarticulación entre la acción investigadora de la Universidad, y las prioridades de investigación o necesidades de conocimiento, entre otros campos, en el de la educación médica y la investigación educacional en salud, lo que resta aplicabilidad a los resultados de las investigaciones. Objetivos: Identificar factores explicativos de la desarticulación entre la investigación en educación médica en la Facultad de Medicina, y la investigación en recursos humanos en salud en el país. Diseño: Estudio de caso cualitativo. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Perú. Participantes: Informantes de la universidad y de la autoridad sanitaria nacional. Métodos: El estudio se basó en entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave tanto de la universidad como de la autoridad sanitaria nacional. Principales medidas de resultados: Factores explicativos de desarticulación. Resultados: Los factores explicativos de la desarticulación entre la investigación en educación médica en la Facultad de Medicina y la investigación en recursos humanos en salud en el país fueron: a) Una cultura de investigación dependiente de los recursos universitarios, que son escasos para investigaciones de mayor envergadura como los requeridos por el Ministerio de Salud (MINSA); b) Para el MINSA, la UNMSM es una entidad de baja visibilidad; sus publicaciones en el campo de Recursos Humanos no son conocidas; c) La investigación sanmarquina se visualiza como fruto de esfuerzos individuales, no de la existencia de equipos de investigación. Conclusiones: Las líneas de investigación consistentes con la experiencia e intereses de los investigadores de la Facultad de Medicina, enmarcadas en las prioridades de investigación de recursos humanos en Salud en el Perú, fueron a) la articulación de la formación en pregrado de los recursos humanos en salud con las necesidades de salud del país...
Introduction: Previous research has shown lack of articulation between university based research and research priorities as defined by the national health authority. Objectives: To identify explanatory factors for lack of articulation between university research activities and knowledge needs as defined by users. Design: Qualitative case study. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima, Peru. Participants: Informants from both the university and the national health authority. Methods: The study was based in semi structured interviews to key informants, from the university and the national health authority. Main outcome measures: Lack of articulation explanatory factors. Results: Explanatory factors identified were: a) Research funding culture depending on own university limited resources, and not allowing proposed nationwide studies such as those required by the Ministry of Health (MOH); b) Low UNMSM visibility at MOH with consequent unawareness of its publications on Human Resources; c) UNMSM research visualized as basically individual efforts and not as the result of research teams and research lines. Conclusions: Research lines concordant with needs and capacities of human resources research priorities were: a) Articulation of undergraduate education and health needs; b) Use of information and communication technology (ICT) in training; and c) Impact of experiences on competencies development for graduate education and specialization.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Capacitação de Recursos Humanos em Saúde , Educação Médica , Pesquisa , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Tecnologia da Informação , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
A promoção de saúde demanda uma ação coordenada entre população, poder público e setor saúde, visando à melhoria das condições de saúde. A formação médica deve propiciar ao estudante o contato comunitário e o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção da saúde no contexto em que vive a comunidade. Este artigo descreve a experiência de realização do planejamento participativo e interação comunitária conduzida por estudantes do curso médico em uma área atendida por equipe de Saúde da Família em Montes Claros (MG), ocorrida entre agosto de 2009 e março de 2010. A Estimativa Rápida Participativa e o Método Altadir de Planificação Popular foram os métodos norteadores das atividades, possibilitando o enfrentamento de um problema vivenciado pela população e a intervenção direta e positiva da comunidade nos determinantes do seu processo saúde-doença com apoio dos estudantes de Medicina, que consolidaram os conceitos de promoção da saúde e de prática educativa transformadora.
Health promotion demands coordinated action between the public, government and the health sector in order to improve health conditions. Medical training should provide the student with opportunities to have contact with the community and develop health promotion actions in the context of that community. This report describes the experience of participatory planning and community interaction conducted by medical students in an area served by the Family Health Team in Montes Claros - MG, between August 2009 and March 2010. Participatory Flash Estimate and the "Altadir" Method of Popular Planning were employed as guiding methods for the activities. This enabled the tackling of an issue experienced by the public and direct and positive community intervention in determinant factors of the health-disease process, with the support of medical students, consolidating the concepts of Health Promotion and transformative educational practice.
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PIP: The Mexican Family Planning Association (MEXFAM) started the Gente Joven program in 1986, targeting young people in the neediest urban and rural areas of Mexico to counteract the lack of sexual and reproductive health information and services for the youth. This lack of information has led to over half a million children being born to teenage mothers each year in Mexico. Studies also show that only 1 in 6 sexually active teenager uses some kind of protection against unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. To address this problem, the Gente Joven program disseminates adolescent sexual health information, produces IEC materials, provides adolescent health services and trains health and education professionals in human sexuality. As part of the program, audiovisual equipment was purchased and used since it has shown to be very effective in disseminating information. The purchase of audiovisual equipment for 36 MEXFAM clinics and centers would mean that field level staff would be able to carry out their duties more effectively.^ieng
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Adolescente , Recursos Audiovisuais , Comunicação , Planejamento em Saúde , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Fatores Etários , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Educação , América Latina , México , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , População , Características da População , EnsinoRESUMO
PIP: The introduction to this article on the participatory learning approach to literacy and social change known as REFLECT locates the origins of the approach in the philosophy of Paulo Freire and notes that REFLECT was developed by ACTIONAID in pilot projects in Uganda, Bangladesh, and El Salvador and is now used in 25 countries by 90 groups. REFLECT considers gender equity integral to social change, analyzes the causes of inequalities, creates a process for examining social stratification, addresses conflict as a reality, is an evolving process that embraces innovation, recognizes the importance of individual transformation, and seeks an equitable practice of power at all levels in the process. The article describes how REFLECT sessions are conducted and how they result in women's increased mobility, increased participation in family and community, and changes in the gender division of labor. Examples show how REFLECT sensitizes men as well as women to gender issues, especially if the implementing agency is gender-aware. The article then contrasts the "primer method" of literacy training promoted by the "Women in Development" model to REFLECT's "Gender and Development" (GAD) approach that links literacy to empowerment, raises community consciousness of women's subordination, and creates local-global links. The article concludes by discussing ways to strengthen the GAD/feminist approach in REFLECT, given the fact that it is possible to avoid gender issues in most discussions.^ieng