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Nanotechnology has been increasingly used in plant sciences, with engineered nanoparticles showing promising results as fertilizers or pesticides. The present study compared the effects in the foliar application of Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) or sodium selenite-Se(IV) on rice seedlings. The degree of plant growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and concentrations of Se, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were evaluated. The results showed that the application of SeNPs at high concentrations (5 mg L-1), as well as the application of Se(IV), inhibited plant growth and increased the root concentrations of As and Pb. The application of SeNPs at 0.5 mg L-1 significantly increased Se accumulation in the aerial part from 0.161 ± 0.028 mg kg-1 to 0.836 ± 0.097 mg kg-1 without influencing physiological, chemical, or biochemical parameters. When applied to leaves, SeNPs tended to remain in the aerial part, while the application of Se(IV) caused a higher Se translocation from the shoots to the roots. This study provides useful information concerning the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of different Se formulations in rice seedlings and their effect on plant ionomic profiles, thus showing that the foliar application of SeNPs at low concentrations can be an effective and safe alternative for rice biofortification.

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Atmospheric CO2 enrichment has the potential to improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, but it may also reduce grain nutritional quality, by reducing mineral and protein concentrations. Selenium (Se) fertilization may improve rice grain nutritional composition, but it is not known if this response extends to plants grown in elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2). We conducted experiments to identify the impacts of Se fertilization on yield and quality of rice grains in response to eCO2. The effect of the Se treatment was not significant for the grain yield within each CO2 condition. However, the reduction in macronutrients and micronutrients under eCO2 was mitigated in grains of plants fertilized with Se. Fertilization with Se increased the concentration of Se in roots, flag leaves, and grains independently of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Elevation of the transcripts of ion transport-related genes could, at least partially, explain the positive relationship between mineral concentrations and grain mass resulting from Se fertilization under eCO2. Treatment with Se also increased the accumulation of total protein in grains under eCO2. Overall, our results revealed that Se fertilization represents a potential asset to maintain rice grain nutritional quality in a future with rising atmospheric CO2 concentration.

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In the present work, liposomes have been used as nanocarriers in the biofortification of wheat plants with selenium (Se) through foliar application. Liposomal formulations were prepared using 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and Phospholipon®90H (P90H) (average size <100 nm), loaded with different concentrations of inorganic Se (selenite and selenate) and applied twice to the plants in the stage of vegetative growth. Liposomes enhanced Se uptake by wheat plants compared to direct application. The highest Se enrichment was achieved using the phospholipid DPPC and a concentration of 1000 µmol·L-1 of Se without affecting the biomass, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and the concentration of mineral nutrients of the plants. The chemical speciation of Se in the plants was further investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The results from XAS spectra revealed that most of the inorganic Se was transformed to organic Se and that the use of liposomes influenced the proportion of C-Se-C over C-Se-Se-C species.

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Introducción: Las ciencias de la nutrición y los alimentos innovan en la industria elaborando productos con compuestos nutricionales que contribuyan a la resolución de problemáticas en salud pública. Pero, además de las características nutricionales, son importantes las características sensoriales, siendo un factor determinante en la aceptación de estos productos. Objetivo: Evaluar características fisicoquímicas, nutricionales y sensoriales de dos complementos alimenticios, tipo sopa y bebida achocolatada, desarrollados con biofortificación. Materiales y métodos: Se consideraron 3 fases, fase 1, preparación de dos tipos complementos alimenticios (4 formulaciones), usando la liofilización para la deshidratación de algunas materias primas, complementada con otras técnicas de procesamiento y cocción. Fase 2, evaluación sensorial por panel de expertos a través de prueba descriptiva cuantitativa y hedónica, y fase 3, caracterización bromatológica. El análisis de la información se realizó con el software Jamovi 2.3.21. mediante análisis descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: El análisis sensorial evidenció que los alimentos que contiene corazón de res en un 5% fueron los más aceptados por los panelistas en todos los atributos sensoriales en ambos complementos. La caracterización bromatológica mostró que el complemento tipo bebida achocolatada con corazón es excelente fuente de proteína, zinc y calcio y buena fuente de hierro y vitamina E, mientras que, el complemento tipo sopa con corazón es excelente fuente de proteína, zinc, hierro, tiamina, omega 3, vitamina E y buena fuente de calcio de acuerdo con la normatividad colombiana de rotulado y etiquetado nutricional. Conclusiones: Ambos complementos con corazón mostraron una aceptación sensorial satisfactoria, presentaron una importante concentración de nutrientes, que, por su fuente natural y animal, son considerados de alta biodisponibilidad(AU)

Introduction: Nutrition and food sciences innovate in the industry by elaborating products with nutritional compounds that contribute to the resolution of public health problems. But, in addition to nutritional characteristics, sensory characteristics are important, being a determining factor in the acceptance of these products. Objective: To evaluate physicochemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics of two food supplements, soup and chocolate drink, developed with biofortification. Materials and methods: Three phases were considered: phase 1, preparation of two types of food supplements (4 formulations), using freeze-drying for dehydration of some raw materials, complemented with other processing and cooking techniques. Phase 2, sensory evaluation by expert panel through quantitative descriptive and hedonic test, and phase 3, bromatological characterization. The analysis of the information was carried out with Jamovi 2.3.21. software through descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: The sensory analysis showed that foods containing 5% beef heart were the most accepted by the panelists in all sensory attributes in both supplements. The bromatological characterization showed that the chocolate drink type supplement with heart is an excellent source of protein, zinc and calcium and a good source of iron and vitamin E, while the soup type supplement with heart is an excellent source of protein, zinc, iron, thiamine, omega 3, vitamin E and a good source of calcium in accordance with Colombian regulations on nutritional labeling and labeling. Conclusions: Both supplements with heart showed a satisfactory sensory acceptance, presented an important concentration of nutrients, which, due to their natural and animal source, are considered of high bioavailability(AU)

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The relationship between zinc mineral nutrition and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is pivotal in enhancing agricultural productivity, especially in tropical regions characterized by diverse climatic conditions and soil variability. This review synthesizes and critically evaluates current knowledge regarding the synergistic interaction between zinc mineral nutrition and PGPB in tropical agricultural systems. Zinc is an essential and fundamental micronutrient for various physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Its deficiency affects plant growth and development, decreasing yields and nutritional quality. In tropical regions, where soil zinc availability is often limited or imbalanced, the PGPB, through different mechanisms such as Zn solubilization; siderophore production; and phytohormone synthesis, supports Zn uptake and assimilation, thereby facilitating the adverse effects of zinc deficiency in plants. This review outlines the impacts of Zn-PGPB interactions on plant growth, root architecture, and productivity in tropical agricultural systems. The positive relationship between PGPB and plants facilitates Zn uptake and improves nutrient use efficiency, overall crop performance, and agronomic biofortification. In addition, this review highlights the importance of considering indigenous PGPB strains for specific tropical agroecosystems, acknowledging their adaptability to local conditions and their potential in sustainable agricultural practices. It is concluded that Zn fertilizer and PGPBs have synergistic interactions and can offer promising avenues for sustainable agriculture, addressing nutritional deficiencies, improving crop resilience, and ensuring food security.

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Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L.), kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bancal) microgreens were cultivated in presence of selenium 20 µmol L-1 as sodium selenite and sodium selenate mixture. The influence of this biofortification process was evaluated in terms of biomass production, total Se, macro- and micronutrients concentration, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, chlorophylls and carotenoids levels and total soluble proteins content. The results obtained have shown a significant concentration of total Se in the biofortified microgreens of kale (133 µg Se·g-1 DW) and kohlrabi (127 µg Se·g-1 DW) higher than that obtained for wheat (28 µg Se·g-1 DW). The Se uptake in all the species did not produce oxidative damage to the plants reflected in the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity or pigments concentration. These Se-enriched microgreens may contribute to the recommended intake of this nutrient in human diet as to overcome Se-deficiency.

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Selenium uptake and its content in soybean grains are affected by Se application methods. This study evaluated the impact of Se foliar application combined with a multi-nutrient fertilizer (MNF) on soybean, establishing a Se threshold to better understand the relationship between Se content in grains and yield of two genotypes (58I60 Lança and M5917). Two trials were conducted in a 4 × 2 factorial design: four Se rates (0, 10, 40, 80 g Se ha-1) and two methods of foliar Se application (Se combined or not with MNF). Foliar fertilizers were applied twice, at phenological stages of beginning of pod development and grain filling. Grain yield increased with the application of MNF, yet Se rates increased Se contents linearly up to 80 g Se ha-1, regardless of the use of MNF. Lança and M5917 genotypes had grain Se critical thresholds of 1.0 and 3.0 mg kg-1, respectively. The application of Se favored higher contents of K, P, and S in grains of genotype Lança and higher contents of Mn and Fe in grains of genotype M5917. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing different Se fertilization strategies as well as genotypic variations when assessing the effects of Se on soybean yield and grain quality.

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Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense has promisingly increased plant yield and nutrient acquisition. The study aimed to estimate the dose of A. brasilense that increases yield, gas exchange, nutrition, and foliar nitrate reduction. The research was carried out in a greenhouse at Ilha Solteira, in a hydroponic system in randomized blocks with four replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of inoculation with A. brasilense strains AbV5 and AbV6 via nutrient solution (0, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mL 100 L-1). Inoculation with A. brasilense at calculated doses between 20 and 44 mL provided the highest fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, number of leaves, and leaf yield. In addition, the calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn in shoots and roots, except the accumulation of Ca in roots. It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%), relative water content (13%), net photosynthesis rate (85%), intracellular CO2 concentration (15%), total chlorophyll (46%), stomatal conductance (56%), transpiration (15%), and water use efficiency (59%). Hence, inoculation with A. brasilense at doses between 20 and 44 mL 100 L-1 is considered the best approach for increasing the growth, yield, accumulation of nutrients, and gas exchange of hydroponically grown iceberg lettuce.

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BACKGROUND: The consumption of foods such as sweet potato and cassava with high levels of carotenoids is a possible solution to reduce vitamin A deficiency. In this study, we evaluated the kinetics of thermal degradation of carotenoids. The content of carotenoids was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, first in fresh material, then in flour and finally in bakery products using mixtures of wheat, sweet potato and cassava. The degree of acceptance of the bakery products by children was also assessed through a sensory acceptance test. RESULTS: The study found that the degradation of carotenoid compounds in sweet potato followed first-order kinetics and fitted the Arrhenius equation with correlations of R2 > 0.9. The retention rates of all-trans-ß-carotene were 77%, 56% and 48% at cooking temperatures of 75, 85 and 95 °C respectively, during a cooking time of 20 min. The concentrations of all-trans-ß-carotene, after baking, for bread, cookies and cake were 15, 19 and 14 µg g-1 db, respectively. In a sensory acceptance test carried out in a school, 47.6% of the boys and 79.2% of the girls rated the cookies made from a mixture of cassava, sweet potato and wheat flour with the indicator I like it a lot. CONCLUSION: The content of carotenoid compounds was reduced by exposure to high temperatures and long cooking times. The combinations of cooking time and temperature which minimized degradation of all-trans-ß-carotene occurred at 75 °C-20 min and 95 °C-10 min. All-trans-ß-carotene retentions for bread, cookies and cake were 25%, 15% and 11% respectively. The mixture of wheat, sweet potato and cassava flour can be considered in the development of cookies with positive contributions of all-trans-ß-carotenes and with a good acceptance by children between 9 and 13 years old. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Zinc deficiency poses a significant health challenge worldwide, particularly in regions where access to and the affordability of dietary diversity are limited. This research article presents a time course analysis of kernel development on the zinc content in maize kernels with different genetic backgrounds, including normal maize, quality protein maize, and high-zinc maize, grown at two locations. Zn concentrations during stage I were high, decreasing between stages II and IV and increasing during stages V to VII. High-zinc kernel genotypes, including those ones with high-quality protein genetic backgrounds, have higher contents of zinc and iron during the milky stage (fresh/green maize). The zinc and iron content in fresh maize differed depending on the genotype. By consuming fresh maize biofortified with zinc, up to 89% and 100% of EAR needs can be fulfilled for pregnant women and children. The results demonstrate that fresh high-zinc maize accumulates a substantial amount of this micronutrient, highlighting its potential as a valuable source for addressing zinc deficiency.

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The present study examined the biosynthesis and characterization of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using two contrasting endophytic selenobacteria, one Gram-positive (Bacillus sp. E5 identified as Bacillus paranthracis) and one Gram-negative (Enterobacter sp. EC5.2 identified as Enterobacter ludwigi), for further use as biofortifying agents and/or for other biotechnological purposes. We demonstrated that, upon regulating culture conditions and selenite exposure time, both strains were suitable "cell factories" for producing SeNPs (B-SeNPs from B. paranthracis and E-SeNPs from E. ludwigii) with different properties. Briefly, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that intracellular E-SeNPs (56.23 ± 4.85 nm) were smaller in diameter than B-SeNPs (83.44 ± 2.90 nm) and that both formulations were located in the surrounding medium or bound to the cell wall. AFM images indicated the absence of relevant variations in bacterial volume and shape and revealed the existence of layers of peptidoglycan surrounding the bacterial cell wall under the conditions of biosynthesis, particularly in the case of B. paranthracis. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SeNPs were surrounded by the proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides of bacterial cells and that the numbers of the functional groups present in B-SeNPs were higher than in E-SeNPs. Thus, considering that these findings support the suitability of these two endophytic stains as potential biocatalysts to produce high-quality Se-based nanoparticles, our future efforts must be focused on the evaluation of their bioactivity, as well as on the determination of how the different features of each SeNP modulate their biological action and their stability.

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Since soybean is widely cultivated around the world and has a high protein content, it is a great nutritional vehicle for increasing the dietary uptake of selenium (Se). Several studies have evaluated biofortification with Se through fertilizer application in several crops. However, it is not clear how each method and source affect the total Se content or Se species in soybean grains. This work aimed to assess the total Se content and Se speciation in Se-enriched soybean grains produced under different Se application methods in the field. The treatments consisted of Se application (soil or foliar), using organic or inorganic Se sources at 10 g ha-1 or 80 g ha-1, in two genotypes. The results showed that all treatments with inorganic Se (soil and foliar) increased the Se content in grains compared with the control. More than 80% of the total Se in grains was present as selenomethionine (SeMet), and the speciation was affected by the Se source and the method of application. The treatments using inorganic Se, applied via soil or foliar, produced the highest content of Se as SeMet in soybean grains. Finally, we propose that the preservation of the Se species in products derived from soybean grains be evaluated as the following step.

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Agriculture is one of the economic activities with the most potential in Colombia, given its climatic and geographical conditions. Bean cultivation is classified as climbing, which grows in a branched way, and bushy, whose growth occurs up to 70 cm. The objective of this research was to study zinc and iron sulfates in different concentrations as fertilizers capable of increasing the nutritional value of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), whose strategy is known as biofortification, and thus determine the most effective sulfate. The methodology details the sulfate formulations, their preparation, the application of additives, sampling and quantification methods of total iron, total zinc, °Brix, carotenoids, chlorophylls a, b, and antioxidant capacity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method in leaves and pods. As for the results, it was found that biofortification with iron sulfate and zinc sulfate is a strategy that favors the country's economy and human health, because it allows the increase of minerals, antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids.

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The orange-fleshed sweet potato has interesting nutritional characteristics, as it has a high concentration of ß-carotene, which is a precursor of vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem and can be avoided by adequate intake of ß-carotene-rich foods, like the orange-fleshed sweet potato(OFSP).However, few OFSP genotypes are available to growers.The objective of this study was to evaluatethe agronomic performance of OFSPexperimental genotypes under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Western São Paulo. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Álvares Machado-SP in a sweet potato production area on a commercial scale. Planting was carried out in October 2021 using a randomized block design with four replications. Five experimental genotypes of OFSPwere evaluated, namely: F-09, F-34, U2-05, U2-19 and C-14. The cultivar Beauregard was adopted as control. At 139 days after planting, the tuberous roots were harvested and the following were assessed: total tuberous root production in Kg ha-1; number of commercial tuberous roots in roots ha-1, production of commercial tuberous roots in Kg ha-1; average mass of commercial tuberous roots in g; dry mass percentage of commercial tuberous roots; length of roots in cm, diameter of roots in cm and soluble solids, in °Brix, appearance of roots using a scale of grades, and resistance to damage caused by insect pests.The commercial yield of the evaluated genotypes ranged from 38,27 t ha-1(Beauregard) to 89,25 t ha-1(F-34). The experimental genotypes present tuberous root quality similar to the commercial control 'Beauregard'. Genotypes F-34 and C-14 have flesh color similar to 'Beauregard', and genotype F-09 has dark orange flesh, a class above the control. All evaluated genotypes can potentially contribute to the increase in yield in Western São Paulo.(AU)

A batata-doce de polpa laranja apresenta características nutricionais interessantes, pois possui alta concentração de ß-caroteno, que é um precursor da vitamina A. A deficiência de vitamina A é um problema de saúde pública e pode ser evitada com a ingestão adequada de alimentos ricos em ß-caroteno, como a batata-doce de polpa alaranjada (BDPL). No entanto, poucos genótipos da BDPL estão disponíveis para os produtores. O objetivo deste estudofoi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de genótipos experimentais de batata-doce de polpa laranja, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Oeste Paulista. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Álvares Machado-SP em área de produção de batata-doce em escala comercial. O plantio foi realizado em outubro de 2021 em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados cinco genótipos experimentais de BDPL, a saber: F-09, F-34, U2-05, U2-19 e C-14. A cultivar Beauregard foi adotada como controle. Aos 139 dias após o plantio, as raízes tuberosas foram colhidas e as seguintes avaliações foram realizadas: produção total de raízes tuberosas em Kg ha-1; número de raízes tuberosas comerciais em raízes ha-1, produção de raízes tuberosas comerciais em Kg ha-1; massa média de raízes tuberosas comerciais em g; porcentagem de massa seca de raízes tuberosas comerciais; comprimento das raízes em cm, diâmetro das raízes em cm e sólidos solúveis, em °Brix, aparência das raízes usando uma escala de notas e resistência a danos causados por insetos-praga. A produtividade comercial dos genótipos avaliados variou de 38,27 t ha-1(Beauregard) a 89,25 t ha-1(F-34). Os genótipos experimentais apresentam qualidade de raiz tuberosa semelhante à testemunha comercial 'Beauregard'. Os genótipos F-34 e C-14 possuem cor de polpa semelhante a 'Beauregard', e o genótipo F-09 possui polpa laranja escuro, classe acima do controle. Todos os genótipos avaliados podem potencialmente contribuir para o aumento da produtividade no Oeste Paulista.(AU)

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This research determined the nutritional composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound content of sweet potato flour from different cultivars: Beauregard cv. sweet potato (BF) and the common sweet potato Brazlândia Rosada cv. (CF). Total lipids, proteins, moisture, carbohydrates, pH, titratable acidity, fiber, ash, iron, zinc, beta-carotene, vitamin A and determination of caloric value were analyzed. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds were also determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) methods. CF showed higher levels of carbohydrates, ash, fiber, pH and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method. Protein and zinc contents were similar between the two flours. BF had higher moisture content, caloric value, lipids, iron, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity by the FRAP method, as well as total phenolic compounds, beta-carotene and vitamin A content. The data revealed good nutritional composition for both analyzed flours. The Beauregard flour can be highlightedregarding its higher beta-carotene and iron content. Moreover, the Beauregard sweet potato flour is a good source of provitamin A, in addition to being a source of fiber.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição nutricional, atividade antioxidante e teor de compostos fenólicos totais de farinhas de batata-doce de diferentes cultivares: batata-doce Beauregard (FB) e batata-doce comum, cv. Brazlândia Rosada (FC). Foram realizadas as análises de lipídeos, proteínas, umidade, carboidratos, pH, acidez titulável, fibras, cinzas, ferro, zinco, betacaroteno, vitamina A e determinação do valor calórico. Também foram determinadas a atividade antioxidante, pelos métodos DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico) e FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), e compostos fenólicos totais. A FC apresentou maiores teores de carboidratos, cinzas, fibras, pH e atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS. Os teores de proteínas e zinco foram semelhantes entre as duas farinhas. A FB apresentou maiores teores de umidade, valor calórico, lipídeos, ferro, capacidade sequestradora de radicais DPPH e atividade antioxidante pelo método FRAP, compostos fenólicos totais, conteúdo de betacaroteno e vitamina A. Os dados revelaram uma boa composição nutricional para ambas as farinhas analisadas. O destaque para a farinha da batata-doce Beauregard é maior em relação ao seu teor de betacaroteno e ferro. Sendo a farinha obtida pela batata-doce Beauregard uma boa fonte de pró-vitamina A, além de ser fonte de fibras.

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The application of zinc fertilizers in the soil has been an agronomic practice to correct Zn deficiency in plants, aiming to increase productivity and/or nutritional quality. This study evaluated how zinc sulfate fertilization affects plant growth, yield performance and nutrient accumulation in the cassava 'IAC 576-70'. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with eight replications. The treatments consisted of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 g p1-1 ZnSO4. Results showed improvement in yield with soil fertilization with ZnSO4, with the optimal dose of 2.5 g pl-1. The uptake of nutrients in plant parts is favored with lower doses of zinc fertilizer, with maximum points ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 g pl-1 for macronutrients and 1.6 to 3.6 g pl-1 for micronutrients. The Zn content in tuberous roots increases by more than 40% with fertilization up to 2.8 g pl-1 of fertilizer, which contributes to the nutritional value of roots.

A aplicação de fertilizantes com zinco no solo tem sido uma prática agronômica para corrigir a deficiência de Zn nas plantas, visando aumentar a produtividade e/ou a qualidade nutricional. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como a fertilização com sulfato de zinco afeta o crescimento da planta, o desempenho produtivo e o acúmulo de nutrientes na mandioca 'IAC 576-70'. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com oito repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de 0, 1,5, 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 g p1-1 ZnSO4. Os resultados mostraram melhoria no rendimento com a fertilização via solo com ZnSO4, com a dose ótima em 2,5 g pl-1. A absorção de nutrientes nas partes da planta é favorecida com menores doses de fertilizante de zinco, com pontos de máximo variando de 0,8 a 3,2 g pl-1 para macro e 1,6 a 3,6 g pl-1 para micronutrientes. O conteúdo de Zn nas raízes tuberosas tem aumento superior a 40% com a fertilização até 2,8 g pl-1 de fertilizante, o que contribui para o valor nutricional da mandioca.

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ABSTRACT: This research determined the nutritional composition, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound content of sweet potato flour from different cultivars: Beauregard cv. sweet potato (BF) and the common sweet potato Brazlândia Rosada cv. (CF). Total lipids, proteins, moisture, carbohydrates, pH, titratable acidity, fiber, ash, iron, zinc, beta-carotene, vitamin A and determination of caloric value were analyzed. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds were also determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) methods. CF showed higher levels of carbohydrates, ash, fiber, pH and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method. Protein and zinc contents were similar between the two flours. BF had higher moisture content, caloric value, lipids, iron, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant activity by the FRAP method, as well as total phenolic compounds, beta-carotene and vitamin A content. The data revealed good nutritional composition for both analyzed flours. The Beauregard flour can be highlightedregarding its higher beta-carotene and iron content. Moreover, the Beauregard sweet potato flour is a good source of provitamin A, in addition to being a source of fiber.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição nutricional, atividade antioxidante e teor de compostos fenólicos totais de farinhas de batata-doce de diferentes cultivares: batata-doce Beauregard (FB) e batata-doce comum, cv. Brazlândia Rosada (FC). Foram realizadas as análises de lipídeos, proteínas, umidade, carboidratos, pH, acidez titulável, fibras, cinzas, ferro, zinco, betacaroteno, vitamina A e determinação do valor calórico. Também foram determinadas a atividade antioxidante, pelos métodos DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazil), ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico) e FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), e compostos fenólicos totais. A FC apresentou maiores teores de carboidratos, cinzas, fibras, pH e atividade antioxidante pelo método ABTS. Os teores de proteínas e zinco foram semelhantes entre as duas farinhas. A FB apresentou maiores teores de umidade, valor calórico, lipídeos, ferro, capacidade sequestradora de radicais DPPH e atividade antioxidante pelo método FRAP, compostos fenólicos totais, conteúdo de betacaroteno e vitamina A. Os dados revelaram uma boa composição nutricional para ambas as farinhas analisadas. O destaque para a farinha da batata-doce Beauregard é maior em relação ao seu teor de betacaroteno e ferro. Sendo a farinha obtida pela batata-doce Beauregard uma boa fonte de pró-vitamina A, além de ser fonte de fibras.

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Background: The revalorization of agro-industrial by-products by applying ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation to biofortify with phenolic compounds has been studied in recent times, showing improvements in the individual and total phenolic content and their bioactivity. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to optimize the biofortification process of phenolic compounds by UVA radiation to strawberry agro-industrial by-products (RF). Moreover, the effect of UVA radiation on the potential biological activity of the phenolics accumulated in RF due to the treatment was also determined. Methods: The assays followed a factorial design with three variables at three levels: UVA dose (LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH), storage temperature (5, 10, and 15°C), and storage time (0, 24, 48, and 72 h). At each experimental condition, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymatic activities, total phenolic compound content (TPC), phenolics profile (TPCHPLC), and agrimoniin content (AGN) were evaluated; and the optimal UVA dose, storage time, and temperature were determined. In vitro bioaccessibility of the accumulated phenolic compound was studied on RF tissue treated with UVA at optimal process conditions. The digested extracts were tested for antiproliferative activity in colorectal cancer cells, cellular antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The results showed that applying UVA-HIGH (86.4 KJ/m2) treatment and storing the tissue for 46 h at 15°C increased PAL activity (260%), phenolic content (240%), and AGN (300%). The biofortification process improves the bioaccessibility of the main phenolic compound of RF by 9.8 to 25%. The digested optimum extract showed an IC50 for HT29 and Caco-2 cells of 2.73 and 5.43 µg/mL, respectively, and presented 60% cellular antioxidant capacity and 30% inhibition of NOX production. Conclusion: The RF treated with UVA is an excellent source of phenolic compounds; specifically, ellagitannins and the UVA radiation proved to be efficient in biofortify RF, significantly improving the phenolic compounds content and their bioactive properties with adequate bioaccessibility, adding value to the strawberry agro-industrial by-products.

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Obesity is a critical medical condition worldwide that is increasingly involved with nutritional derangements associated with micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. Nutritional deficiencies in obesity are mainly caused by poor-quality diets, higher nutrient requirements, alterations in micronutrient metabolism, and invasive obesity treatments. The current conventional agricultural system is designed for intensive food production, focusing on food quantity rather than food quality, consuming excessive agricultural inputs, and producing nutrient-deficient foods, thus generating severe health and environmental problems; agricultural food products may worsen obesity-related malnutrition. Therefore, modern agriculture is adopting new biofortification technologies to combat micronutrient deficiencies and improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. Biofertilization and nanofertilization practices are increasingly used due to their efficiency, safety, and reduced environmental impact. Biofertilizers are preparations of PGP-microorganisms that promote plant growth by influencing plant metabolism and improving the nutrient uptake, and nanofertilizers consist of synthesized nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties that are capable of increasing plant nutrition and enriching agricultural products. This review presents the current micronutrient deficiencies associated with obesity, the modern unsustainable agri-food system contributing to obesity progression, and the development of bio- and nanofertilizers capable of biofortifying agri-food crops with micronutrients commonly deficient in patients with obesity.