RESUMO

The aim of this study was to produce feed based on locally sourced ingredients for tambaqui farming in Amazon. Diets were formulated with increasing levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL) as a replacement for fish meal (FM), and cassava by-products in the same proportion (tuber residues, peel and leaves). A conventional diet (CO) was used as the control. Juvenile tambaqui (24.61 ± 1.14 g) were housed in 24 tanks in a recirculation aquaculture system. Neither diet rejection nor mortality were observed. Fish fed cassava by-products showed similar feed conversion rates (FCR 1.76); however, these values were worse than those observed in fish fed the CO (FCR 1.33). No differences were observed in the whole-body composition of the fish. The fillets of fish fed cassava by-products had a yellow color due the carotenoids present in the leaves. Dietary BSFL and cassava by-products can contribute to the sustainability of Amazonian aquaculture. Further studies with a lower proportion of cassava leaves in the diet formulation are recommended so as to ensure enhanced diet digestibility and less impact on the color of the fillets.

RESUMO

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of including pumpkin seeds and pomace in the diets of Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei, and the effects of these supplements on growth performance, body composition, and total polyphenol, flavonoid and carotenoid contents, as well as on total antioxidant activity, and body color parameters. Five diets were evaluated: pumpkin seeds (PS) at 50 and 100 g·kg-1, pumpkin pomace (PP) at 50 and 100 g·kg-1, and a control treatment. Pacific white shrimp (P. vannamei) juveniles (0.60 ± 0.01 g) were stocked in 15 tanks (310 L), containing 30 shrimps per tank, and the treatments were randomly distributed in triplicate. At the end of the experiment, shrimps were euthanized, weighed, and dissected for further analyses. The inclusion of PS in the diets impaired growth performance, reduced the total flavonoid content and had a pro-oxidative effect on muscle. The inclusion of PP in the diets did not affect growth performance, improved the feed conversion ratio, increased the total flavonoid content in the diets and hepatopancreas, and improved the antioxidant activity of the feeds and shrimp muscle. The total carotenoid content of the feeds increased with the inclusion of PS or PP in the diets; however, the total carotenoid content of shrimp increased only in those fed PP diets. Shrimp fed with PS diets showed a yellowish color and higher saturation when fresh and a reddish color and yellow hue angle after cooking. Shrimp fed PP diets turned reddish and yellowish, both when fresh and after cooking. The inclusion of PS in P. vannamei diets is not recommended; however, PP can be included at 100 g·kg-1 without affecting the growth parameters. Further studies evaluating the inclusion of higher PP levels in shrimp diets are recommended.

RESUMO

The dilution of commercial broiler feed with copra meal (CM), palm kernel meal (PKM) and cassava leaf meal (CLM) and enzyme supplementation was investigated. Two hundred and eighty 7-day old Cobb 500 broilers were fed commercial feed alone or diluted with the test ingredients with and without enzyme. There were no interaction effects (p>0.05) on feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG). Poorer (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed on the diet diluted diets from 22-42 d, but this was restored (p>0.05) by enzyme supplementation. There was no interaction effect on final body weight (FBW). Diet dilution depressed FBW (p<0.05) but enzyme supplementation restored (p>0.05) this weight depression. Abdominal fat was lighter (p<0.05) on CLM compared to CM. There were no interaction effects (p>0.05) on the weight of gut segments and E. coli count. Heavier (p<0.05) liver, gizzard and intestine were observed on the test diets. Commercial feed dilution with CM, CLM and PKM at 100 g/kg for starter and 200 g/kg for finisher would be a viable option for smallholder broiler production. More research is needed into dilution levels and enzyme concentrations.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e a viabilidade econômica da substituição parcial do farelo de milho pela farinha de batata-doce, para averiguar se é viável ou não a inclusão nas rações para tilápia. O experimento teve duração de 30 dias entre os meses de maio e junho de 2021 em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Entre os 4 tratamentos propostos, 3 eram compostos por diferentes níveis de substituição do farelo de milho pela farinha de batata-doce nas rações experimentais (0,0%; 5,0% e 10,0%) e um composto pela ração comercial (tratamento controle). Ao todo foram utilizados 300 peixes com peso inicial aproximado de 9,10 ± 1,48 g, sendo a unidade experimental representada por 15 peixes em um aquário de 100 litros. Foi constatado que o farelo de milho pode ser substituído pela farinha de batata-doce até o nível mais alto avaliado, que foi de 10% de substituição na ração experimental para tilápia, pois superou a ração comercial, apresentando menor custo e sem afetar o desempenho dos animais.

The objective was to evaluate the performance and economic viability of partial replacement of corn bran by sweet potato flour, in order to determine whether or not its inclusion in tilapia diets is feasible. The experiment lasted 30 days between May and June 2021 in a completely randomized experimental design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Among the 4 proposed treatments, 3 consisted of different levels of replacement of corn bran by sweet potato flour in the experimental diets (0.0%; 5.0% and 10.0%) and one consisted of the commercial diet (control treatment). A total of 300 fish with an approximate initial weight of 9.10 ± 1.48 g were used, with the experimental unit represented by 15 fish in a 100-liter aquarium. It was found that corn bran can be replaced by sweet potato flour up to the highest level evaluated, which was 10% replacement in the experimental feed for tilapia, as it surpassed the commercial feed, with lower cost and without affecting performance. of the animals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This review aims to study the alternatives to conventional industrial starches, describing uncommon sources along with their technological characteristics, processing, and performance on food products. Minor components remaining after extraction play an important role in starch performance despite their low percentage, as happens with tuber starches, where minerals may affect gelatinization. This feature can be leveraged in favor of the different needs of the food industry, with diversified applications in the market being considered in the manufacture of both plant and animal-based products with different sensory attributes. Hydrocolloids, different from starch, may also modify the technological outcome of the amylaceous fraction; therefore, combinations should be considered, as advantages and disadvantages linked to biological origin, consumer perception, or technological performance may arise. Among water-based system modifiers, starches and nonstarch hydrocolloids are particularly interesting, as their use reaches millions of sales in a multiplicity of specialties, including nonfood businesses, and could promote a diversified scheme that may address current monocrop production drawbacks for the future sustainability of the food system.

RESUMO

This study evaluated the effects of two protein levels and types of formulation on performance, nutrient metabolization, and myopathies of 390 female broilers from 21 to 46 days old distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six replicates of 13 broilers each. Treatments were two levels of protein (19.0 and 21.0%) in diets using only commercially available ingredients and three experimental formulations designed to keep similar the main nutrients that could influence nutritional performance (starch, fiber, ether extract), using unusual ingredients, with 19.0% (19E) or 21.0% (21E) crude protein and the third with 19.0% crude protein with amino acid levels similar to treatment 21P (19E+Aa). We studied broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, macroscopic muscular evaluation, and histological muscular evaluation. The design for the performance and myopathy assessment was a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, five diets × two ages (38 or 46 days). The worst feed conversion ratio was observed for the 19P treatment. Neither diet nor age had an effect on myopathies, however, older slaughter age increased the intensity of microscopic lesions. The diet 19P should be avoided and increased inclusion of lipids in diets improves nutrient utilization and, consequently, performance.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Conventional foodstuffs like alfalfa hay have high cost, mainly in developing countries. Due to that there has been a search for unconventional low-cost local ingredients. The purpose for this research was to evaluate performance and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of growing rabbits which were fed diets containing different levels of beer residue (BR) as a substitute for alfalfa hay. Thirty New Zealand rabbits were weaned at 35 days, weighing 650g, and assigned in a completely randomized experimental design to one of the following diets: 0BR - control diet without inclusion of BR; 25BR - diet with 25% of BR as a substitute for alfalfa hay; 50BR - diet with 50% of BR as a substitute for alfalfa hay. The experimental period comprised 42 days. For five days, stool was collected in order to obtain the DMD of the ration. Means were compared statistically by Analysis of Variance of Means and Tukey Test (p<0.05). None of the studied parameters presented differences by the statistical methods used, except for feed consumption in initial phase (from 35 to 56 days) (p=0.001); feed consumption in the final phase (from 56 to 77 days) (p=0.04); and overall performance (p=0.01) that was reduced linearly with the inclusion of BR. It was concluded, based on feed conversion, that it is possible to use up to 50% of BR as a substitute for alfalfa hay in diets for growing rabbits.

Alimentos convencionais, como o feno de alfafa, têm alto custo, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, o que justifica a busca por ingredientes locais menos dispendiosos e não convencionais. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e a digestibilidade da matéria seca (DMS) de coelhos em crescimento alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de resíduo de cerveja (RC), em substituição ao feno de alfafa. Trinta coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram desmamados aos 35 dias, com peso inicial de 650g, e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, para serem submetidos às seguintes dietas: 0RC - dieta controle sem inclusão de RC; 25RC - dieta com substituição de 25% do feno de alfafa por RC; 50RC - dieta com substituição de 50% do feno de alfafa por RC. O período experimental foi de 42 dias. Durante cinco dias, as fezes foram coletadas para obter o DMS da ração. As médias foram comparadas estatisticamente pela análise de variância de médias (ANOVA), seguida pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Nenhum dos parâmetros estudados apresentou diferenças pelos métodos estatísticos utilizados, exceto o consumo de ração, na fase inicial (35 aos 56 dias) (p=0,001), na fase final (56 aos 77 dias) (p=0,04), e considerando todo o período experimental (p=0,01), que diminuiu linearmente com a inclusão da RC. Concluiu-se, com base na conversão alimentar, que é possível utilizar até 50% de substituição do feno de alfafa por RC em dietas para coelhos em crescimento.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de disminuir los costos de alimentación en cunicultura, se evaluó la inclusión de sauco oreado y ensilado sobre el desempeño productivo y económico de conejos en fase de engorde. Fueron seleccionados 27 conejos (cruce entre Chinchilla, Californiano y Nueva Zelanda), con peso inicial promedio de 1467,6 ± 271,1g. Éstos, se dividieron y se asignaron al azar en cada uno de los tres tratamientos, control (100% concentrado), ensilaje (85% concentrado + 15% ensilaje de sauco) y oreado (88% concentrado + 12% sauco oreado). Durante 28 días, se evaluó consumo, ganancia de peso, factor de conversión alimenticia (FCA), índice viscerosomático y rendimiento en canal, para, lo cual, se realizó un análisis de varianza en un diseño completo al azar. Se calculó el margen bruto de ingreso parcial (MBIP), a través de un análisis de presupuesto parcial para la venta del producto, en pie y en canal. El grupo que recibió el sauco ensilado expresó una mayor ganancia de peso (1040,4 ± 75,2g) y un mayor consumo (12,5 ± 0,3kg MS/jaula), respecto al grupo control (P˂0,05); en contraste, en el FAC, no se observó diferencia entre estos dos grupos (P˂0,05). En los parámetros productivos restantes no se observaron diferencias estadísticas (P>0,05). La elaboración del ensilaje presentó el mayor costo por concepto de alimentación, pero, a la vez, generó el mayor MBIP, para la venta en pie (13%) y en canal (9%). El ensilaje de sauco puede ser considerado como una alternativa de alimentación, mejorando los parámetros productivos y el MBIP.

ABSTRACT In order to reduce the feeding costs in cuniculture, the inclusion of wilted and silaged elder was evaluated on the productive and economic performance of rabbits in the fatting phase. 27 rabbits (crosses between Chinchilla, Californian and New Zealand) were selected with an average initial weight of 1467,6 ± 271,1g. They were divided and randomly distributed in each of three treatments, control (100% balanced feed), silage (85% balanced feed + 15% elder silage) and wilted (88% balanced feed + 12% wilted elder). During 28 days, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield and viscerosomatic index were evaluated and analyzed through a variance analysis in a complete random design. Gross margin of partial income (GMPI) was calculated through a partial budget analysis for the sale of the product in vivo and carcass. The group that received the silage showed greater weight gain (1040.4 ± 75.2g) and higher intake (12.5 ± 0.3kg MS / cage), than control group (P˂0,05), but FCR was not different between these groups (P˂0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the remaining productive parameters (P>0,05). Silage diet presented the highest cost, but at the same time it produced the highest GMPI, for sale in vivo (13%) and carcass (9%). Silage elder can be considered as a feeding alternative, improving the productive parameters and the GMPI.

RESUMO

This study analyzes the effect of different levels of expeller copra meal (ECM) in animal protein-based diets with enzyme on the haematology, carcass and fatty acid composition of broilers. One hundred and sixty 20 days old Cobb broilers were assigned 8 different diets, 2 of them being controls and 6 others containing ECM at 150, 300 and 450 g/kg, with or without enzymes. Four replicate cages of 5 birds each were fed the diets in a completely randomized design. Higher white blood cell (WBC) counts were obtained in chickens fed the control and 150 g/kg ECM with enzyme (p 0.05) diets. Meat saturated fatty acids (SFA) content increased on the 150 g/kg diet and later decreased above 300 g/kg without enzyme (p 0.05). Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was reduced with the inclusion of increasing ECM levels (p 0.05). No interaction effect on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found. Main effects observed were MUFA and PUFA decrease with the inclusion of ECM in the diet (p 0.05). Saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was found to increase on the 150 g ECM/kg diet and later to reduce with increasing ECM levels (p 0.05). Enzyme supplementation reduced SFA and MUFA content (p 0.05) but had no effect on PUFA (p>0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of ECM up to 300 g/kg in corn-animal protein diets has no adverse effects on most broiler haematological variables, but meat fatty acid composition may be altered. More research into basal diet composition, enzyme source and concentration is recommended.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study analyzes the effect of different levels of expeller copra meal (ECM) in animal protein-based diets with enzyme on the haematology, carcass and fatty acid composition of broilers. One hundred and sixty 20 days old Cobb broilers were assigned 8 different diets, 2 of them being controls and 6 others containing ECM at 150, 300 and 450 g/kg, with or without enzymes. Four replicate cages of 5 birds each were fed the diets in a completely randomized design. Higher white blood cell (WBC) counts were obtained in chickens fed the control and 150 g/kg ECM with enzyme (p 0.05) diets. Meat saturated fatty acids (SFA) content increased on the 150 g/kg diet and later decreased above 300 g/kg without enzyme (p 0.05). Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content was reduced with the inclusion of increasing ECM levels (p 0.05). No interaction effect on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found. Main effects observed were MUFA and PUFA decrease with the inclusion of ECM in the diet (p 0.05). Saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was found to increase on the 150 g ECM/kg diet and later to reduce with increasing ECM levels (p 0.05). Enzyme supplementation reduced SFA and MUFA content (p 0.05) but had no effect on PUFA (p>0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of ECM up to 300 g/kg in corn-animal protein diets has no adverse effects on most broiler haematological variables, but meat fatty acid composition may be altered. More research into basal diet composition, enzyme source and concentration is recommended.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a inclusão do concentrado proteico da destilação de etanol obtido de arroz (CPA) na alimentação do jundiá. Trezentos e setenta e cinco peixes foram distribuídos em sistema de recirculação de água com 15 caixas (125L). Foram testadas três dietas (37% PB e 3200kcal/kg de energia digestível), sendo uma controle e duas testando a substituição da proteína da farinha de peixe em 25% (CPA-25%) ou 50% (CPA-50%) pelo CPA. Aos 30 dias, foram avaliadas as variáveis de desempenho, composição corporal e índices somáticos. Os animais submetidos ao tratamento CPA-25% apresentaram resposta de crescimento equivalente aos que receberam o tratamento controle, mas superior aos peixes submetidos ao CPA-50%. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para os índices somáticos avaliados. Os animais submetidos às dietas contendo CPA apresentaram maior teor de gordura corporal. Já a deposição de gordura corporal foi superior para os peixes alimentados com CPA-25%, e a deposição de proteína corporal menor para os alimentados com CPA-50%. Os resultados indicam que o CPA pode substituir em até 25% a proteína da farinha de peixe, sem comprometer o crescimento dos jundiás, tendo esse nível de substituição proporcionado, inclusive, uma redução de 8% no custo da dieta.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of protein concentrate from the distillation of ethanol from rice (CPA) in jundia feed. A total of 375 fish were distributed in water recirculation system with 15 boxes (125L). Three diets (37% PB and 3200kcal / kg digestible energy), one control and two were to test for the replacement of fishmeal protein by 25 (CPA-25%) and 50% (CPA-50%) by CPA. At 30 days, the variables of performance, body composition and somatic indexes were evaluated. The animals submitted to the CPA-25% treatment presented a growth response equivalent to those that received the Control treatment, but superior to the fish submitted to the CPA-50%. There were no significant differences between treatments for the somatic indices evaluated. Animals submitted to diets containing CPA had higher body fat content. Body fat deposition was higher for fish fed with CPA-25% and lower body protein deposition for those fed with CPA-50%. The results indicate that CPA can substitute up to 25% fish meal protein, without compromising the growth of jundias, and this level of substitution provided an 8% reduction in diet cost.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a inclusão do concentrado proteico da destilação de etanol obtido de arroz (CPA) na alimentação do jundiá. Trezentos e setenta e cinco peixes foram distribuídos em sistema de recirculação de água com 15 caixas (125L). Foram testadas três dietas (37% PB e 3200kcal/kg de energia digestível), sendo uma controle e duas testando a substituição da proteína da farinha de peixe em 25% (CPA-25%) ou 50% (CPA-50%) pelo CPA. Aos 30 dias, foram avaliadas as variáveis de desempenho, composição corporal e índices somáticos. Os animais submetidos ao tratamento CPA-25% apresentaram resposta de crescimento equivalente aos que receberam o tratamento controle, mas superior aos peixes submetidos ao CPA-50%. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para os índices somáticos avaliados. Os animais submetidos às dietas contendo CPA apresentaram maior teor de gordura corporal. Já a deposição de gordura corporal foi superior para os peixes alimentados com CPA-25%, e a deposição de proteína corporal menor para os alimentados com CPA-50%. Os resultados indicam que o CPA pode substituir em até 25% a proteína da farinha de peixe, sem comprometer o crescimento dos jundiás, tendo esse nível de substituição proporcionado, inclusive, uma redução de 8% no custo da dieta.(AU)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the inclusion of protein concentrate from the distillation of ethanol from rice (CPA) in jundia feed. A total of 375 fish were distributed in water recirculation system with 15 boxes (125L). Three diets (37% PB and 3200kcal / kg digestible energy), one control and two were to test for the replacement of fishmeal protein by 25 (CPA-25%) and 50% (CPA-50%) by CPA. At 30 days, the variables of performance, body composition and somatic indexes were evaluated. The animals submitted to the CPA-25% treatment presented a growth response equivalent to those that received the Control treatment, but superior to the fish submitted to the CPA-50%. There were no significant differences between treatments for the somatic indices evaluated. Animals submitted to diets containing CPA had higher body fat content. Body fat deposition was higher for fish fed with CPA-25% and lower body protein deposition for those fed with CPA-50%. The results indicate that CPA can substitute up to 25% fish meal protein, without compromising the growth of jundias, and this level of substitution provided an 8% reduction in diet cost.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional and energetic value of rice by-products, with or without phytase, using growing pigs. Thirty-six male pigs were housed in individual metabolic cages. Total collection of feces and urine was carried out in two periods of ten days: five days for adaptation and five days for collection. A randomized blocks design was used, considering the sampling period as a block, with five treatments and seven replicates. Two control diets (with and without phytase - Phy) were used in the digestibility calculations, the latter in order to evaluate the enzyme influence on energy digestibility of the tested ingredients. The control diet was replaced by 30% of one of the ingredients: defatted rice bran (DRB) with and without Phy and dephytinised defatted rice bran (DDRB). The use of Phy in the control diet did not influence DRB+Phy energy digestibility. Relative to DRB+Phy, dephytinised defatted rice bran had higher contents of ME and digestible protein but lower digestible P and Ca. Phy supplementation increased Ca and P utilization of DRB and improved energy and protein digestibility. The DRB without Phy showed the lowest digestibility coefficients for all responses. Metabolizable energy, digestible protein, phosphorus and calcium of DRB, DRB+Phy and DDRB were respectively, 2140, 2288 and 2519kcal kg-1; 79.25, 92.41 and 107.10g kg-1; 1.62, 3.41, and 2.11g kg-1 and 2.80, 3.79 and 2.90g kg-1.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o valor nutricional e energético de subprodutos do arroz, na presença ou não de fitase, para suínos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 36 suínos machos, castrados, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais. Realizou-se a coleta total de fezes e urina em dois períodos de dez dias: cinco de adaptação e cinco de coleta. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, tendo-se considerado o período de coleta como bloco, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições. Duas dietas controle (com e sem fitase - Fit) foram utilizadas nos cálculos de digestibilidade, a última para avaliar a influência da enzima na digestibilidade da energia dos ingredientes teste. A dieta controle foi substituída em 30% pelos subprodutos testados: farelo de arroz desengordurado (FAD) com ou sem Fit e farelo de arroz desengordurado desfitinizado (FADD). O uso de fitase na dieta controle não influenciou na digestibilidade da energia do FAD+Fit. Comparado ao FAD+Fit, o farelo de arroz desengordurado desfitinizado apresentou mais EM e proteína digestível, mas menos P e Ca digestíveis. A suplementação de fitase melhorou a utilização do P e Ca do FAD e aumentou a digestibilidade da energia e da proteína. O FAD sem fitase apresentou os menores coeficientes de digestibilidade para todas as respostas. Energia metabolizável, proteína, fósforo e cálcio digestíveis do FAD, FAD+Fit e FADD foram, respectivamente, 2.140; 2.288 e 2.519kcal kg-1; 79,25; 92,41 e 107,10g kg-1; 1,62; 3,41 e 2,11g kg-1 e 2,80; 3,79 e 2,90g kg-1.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional and energetic value of rice by-products, with or without phytase, using growing pigs. Thirty-six male pigs were housed in individual metabolic cages. Total collection of feces and urine was carried out in two periods of ten days: five days for adaptation and five days for collection. A randomized blocks design was used, considering the sampling period as a block, with five treatments and seven replicates. Two control diets (with and without phytase - Phy) were used in the digestibility calculations, the latter in order to evaluate the enzyme influence on energy digestibility of the tested ingredients. The control diet was replaced by 30% of one of the ingredients: defatted rice bran (DRB) with and without Phy and dephytinised defatted rice bran (DDRB). The use of Phy in the control diet did not influence DRB+Phy energy digestibility. Relative to DRB+Phy, dephytinised defatted rice bran had higher contents of ME and digestible protein but lower digestible P and Ca. Phy supplementation increased Ca and P utilization of DRB and improved energy and protein digestibility. The DRB without Phy showed the lowest digestibility coefficients for all responses. Metabolizable energy, digestible protein, phosphorus and calcium of DRB, DRB+Phy and DDRB were respectively, 2140, 2288 and 2519kcal kg-1; 79.25, 92.41 and 107.10g kg-1; 1.62, 3.41, and 2.11g kg-1 and 2.80, 3.79 and 2.90g kg-1.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o valor nutricional e energético de subprodutos do arroz, na presença ou não de fitase, para suínos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 36 suínos machos, castrados, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais. Realizou-se a coleta total de fezes e urina em dois períodos de dez dias: cinco de adaptação e cinco de coleta. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, tendo-se considerado o período de coleta como bloco, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições. Duas dietas controle (com e sem fitase - Fit) foram utilizadas nos cálculos de digestibilidade, a última para avaliar a influência da enzima na digestibilidade da energia dos ingredientes teste. A dieta controle foi substituída em 30% pelos subprodutos testados: farelo de arroz desengordurado (FAD) com ou sem Fit e farelo de arroz desengordurado desfitinizado (FADD). O uso de fitase na dieta controle não influenciou na digestibilidade da energia do FAD+Fit. Comparado ao FAD+Fit, o farelo de arroz desengordurado desfitinizado apresentou mais EM e proteína digestível, mas menos P e Ca digestíveis. A suplementação de fitase melhorou a utilização do P e Ca do FAD e aumentou a digestibilidade da energia e da proteína. O FAD sem fitase apresentou os menores coeficientes de digestibilidade para todas as respostas. Energia metabolizável, proteína, fósforo e cálcio digestíveis do FAD, FAD+Fit e FADD foram, respectivamente, 2.140; 2.288 e 2.519kcal kg-1; 79,25; 92,41 e 107,10g kg-1; 1,62; 3,41 e 2,11g kg-1 e 2,80; 3,79 e 2,90g kg-1.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of 0, 14, 27.5 and 41 g/kg roasted soybean (RSB) in protein-energy supplements for the finishing of beef cattle on pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in the rainy period. In experiment 1, for the evaluation of the nutritional parameters, five rumen-cannulated steers with an initial average body weight of 474.5 kg were utilised. In experiment 2, for the evaluation of performance, 25 intact male zebu cattle with an initial average body weight of 418 kg were utilised. Supply of RSB led to an increase in the intake of crude protein and non-fibre carbohydrates (P < 0.05). The concentrations of rumen ammonia nitrogen increased significantly (P < 0.05) 4 h after supplementation. The animals that received protein-energy supplements had superior (52 %) average daily gain in relation to those receiving mineral mixture. The supply of protein-energy supplements formulated with roasted soybean provided an increase in average daily weight gain and an improvement in the nutritional parameters of finishing beef cattle on pasture in the rainy period.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da utilização de diferentes ingredientes fibrosos nas dietas sobre o desempenho, a composição corporal e a morfometria intestinal de juvenis de pacu. Foram avaliadas cinco dietas isoproteicas (23 por cento de proteína digestível), isoenergéticas (3250kcal de energia digestível/kg) e isofibrosas (9 por cento de fibra bruta), sendo a principal fonte fibrosa de cada constituída por farelo de soja, casca de soja, farelo de girassol e polpa cítrica; esta última em dois níveis de inclusão (30 e 45 por cento). Foram utilizados 300 juvenis de pacu (25,12±0,78 gramas), alojados em 25 aquários (200 litros). Os melhores resultados de crescimento e conversão alimentar foram obtidos com as dietas contendo farelo de soja e farelo de girassol. As dietas contendo casca de soja e polpa cítrica prejudicaram o desempenho dos juvenis de pacu, e o efeito negativo foi acentuado com o aumento da inclusão de polpa cítrica. Além disto, somente nos peixes alimentados com a dieta com 45 por cento de polpa cítrica foi observada diminuição na densidade de vilosidades por área no epitélio intestinal. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que alguns ingredientes fibrosos podem afetar negativamente o desempenho e as características do epitélio intestinal de juvenis de pacu.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets containing different fiber sources on the performance, corporal composition and intestinal morphometry of pacu juveniles (Piaractus mesopotamicus). This study evaluated five isoproteic (23 percent digestible protein), isoenergetic (3250kcal digestible energy/kg) and isofibrous (9 percent crude fiber) diets, each one containing a fiber source such as soybean meal, soybean hulls, sunflower meal and citric pulp in two levels of inclusion (30 and 45 percent). A total of 300 pacu juveniles (25,12±0,78g) were stocked in 25 experimental aquariums (200 liters) equipped with aeration and heating system. The best growth and feed conversion results were obtained with diets containing soybean meal and sunflower meal. Diets containing soybean hulls and citrus pulp worsened the juvenile pacu performance. Moreover, only the diet containing 45 percent citrus pulp decreased the villous number per area in the intestinal epithelium. From the results we can conclude that some fibrous ingredient may affect juvenile pacu performance, corporal composition and intestinal epithelium characteristics.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da utilização de diferentes ingredientes fibrosos nas dietas sobre o desempenho, a composição corporal e a morfometria intestinal de juvenis de pacu. Foram avaliadas cinco dietas isoproteicas (23 por cento de proteína digestível), isoenergéticas (3250kcal de energia digestível/kg) e isofibrosas (9 por cento de fibra bruta), sendo a principal fonte fibrosa de cada constituída por farelo de soja, casca de soja, farelo de girassol e polpa cítrica; esta última em dois níveis de inclusão (30 e 45 por cento). Foram utilizados 300 juvenis de pacu (25,12±0,78 gramas), alojados em 25 aquários (200 litros). Os melhores resultados de crescimento e conversão alimentar foram obtidos com as dietas contendo farelo de soja e farelo de girassol. As dietas contendo casca de soja e polpa cítrica prejudicaram o desempenho dos juvenis de pacu, e o efeito negativo foi acentuado com o aumento da inclusão de polpa cítrica. Além disto, somente nos peixes alimentados com a dieta com 45 por cento de polpa cítrica foi observada diminuição na densidade de vilosidades por área no epitélio intestinal. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que alguns ingredientes fibrosos podem afetar negativamente o desempenho e as características do epitélio intestinal de juvenis de pacu.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets containing different fiber sources on the performance, corporal composition and intestinal morphometry of pacu juveniles (Piaractus mesopotamicus). This study evaluated five isoproteic (23 percent digestible protein), isoenergetic (3250kcal digestible energy/kg) and isofibrous (9 percent crude fiber) diets, each one containing a fiber source such as soybean meal, soybean hulls, sunflower meal and citric pulp in two levels of inclusion (30 and 45 percent). A total of 300 pacu juveniles (25,12±0,78g) were stocked in 25 experimental aquariums (200 liters) equipped with aeration and heating system. The best growth and feed conversion results were obtained with diets containing soybean meal and sunflower meal. Diets containing soybean hulls and citrus pulp worsened the juvenile pacu performance. Moreover, only the diet containing 45 percent citrus pulp decreased the villous number per area in the intestinal epithelium. From the results we can conclude that some fibrous ingredient may affect juvenile pacu performance, corporal composition and intestinal epithelium characteristics.

RESUMO

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e a energia digestível de seis alimentos (raspa de mandioca, grão de sorgo, feno de atriplex, feno de gliricídia, feno de leucena e resíduo de vitivinícola) disponíveis no semiárido brasileiro, para a tilápia rosa. As rações foram marcadas com 0,1 por cento de óxido crômico III. Utilizaram-se seis caixas circulares contendo 1000 litros de volume útil. Em cada caixa foi colocada uma gaiola circular de tela plástica, com 20 peixes cada (peso inicial de 80g). Os peixes foram arraçoados diariamente, três vezes ao dia. Para a coleta das fezes, cada gaiola foi colocada no início da noite em cubas de fibra de vidro cônicas com capacidade de 250L. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente dos ingredientes testados foi calculado com base no teor de óxido crômico III nas amostras de fornecidos e fezes, por análise de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Dentre os alimentos avaliados, os melhores valores de CDA para a MS foram referentes à raspa de mandioca e ao sorgo. Os melhores valores do CDA para a PB foram referentes à raspa de mandioca, sorgo e feno de gliricídia. O alimento avaliado com melhor valor de energia digestível foi o feno da atriplex.

This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein and digestible energy (Kcal kg-1) for six ingredients (cassava chips, sorghum grain, atriplex hay, gliricídia hay, leucaena hay and wine residues) available in Brazilian semi-arid for pink tilapia feed. The feed were stained with 0.1 percent of chromic oxide III. A total of six circular tanks containing 1000 liters of volume were used. In each one was placed a circular cage of plastic screen with 20 fish each (initial weight of 80g). The fish were hand fed daily 3 times a day. To collect feces each cage was placed in the evening in conical 250L fiberglass tanks. Apparent digestibility of the ingredients tested was calculated based on the content of chromic oxide III in the samples offered and in the feces by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to the nutrient feed and feces, according to standard procedure. Among ingredients evaluated the best CDA values for MS were to cassava chips and sorghum. The best CDA values for CP were to cassava chips, sorghum and gliricidia hay. Atriplex hay was the ingredient with better digestible energy value.

RESUMO

This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein and digestible energy (Kcal kg-1) for six ingredients (cassava chips, sorghum grain, atriplex hay, gliricídia hay, leucaena hay and wine residues) available in Brazilian semi-arid for pink tilapia feed. The feed were stained with 0.1% of chromic oxide III. A total of six circular tanks containing 1000 liters of volume were used. In each one was placed a circular cage of plastic screen with 20 fish each (initial weight of 80g). The fish were hand fed daily 3 times a day. To collect feces each cage was placed in the evening in conical 250L fiberglass tanks. Apparent digestibility of the ingredients tested was calculated based on the content of chromic oxide III in the samples offered and in the feces by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to the nutrient feed and feces, according to standard procedure. Among ingredients evaluated the best CDA values for MS were to cassava chips and sorghum. The best CDA values for CP were to cassava chips, sorghum and gliricidia hay. Atriplex hay was the ingredient with better digestible energy value.

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e a energia digestível de seis alimentos (raspa de mandioca, grão de sorgo, feno de atriplex, feno de gliricídia, feno de leucena e resíduo de vitivinícola) disponíveis no semiárido brasileiro, para a tilápia rosa. As rações foram marcadas com 0,1% de óxido crômico III. Utilizaram-se seis caixas circulares contendo 1000 litros de volume útil. Em cada caixa foi colocada uma gaiola circular de tela plástica, com 20 peixes cada (peso inicial de 80g). Os peixes foram arraçoados diariamente, três vezes ao dia. Para a coleta das fezes, cada gaiola foi colocada no início da noite em cubas de fibra de vidro cônicas com capacidade de 250L. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente dos ingredientes testados foi calculado com base no teor de óxido crômico III nas amostras de fornecidos e fezes, por análise de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Dentre os alimentos avaliados, os melhores valores de CDA para a MS foram referentes à raspa de mandioca e ao sorgo. Os melhores valores do CDA para a PB foram referentes à raspa de mandioca, sorgo e feno de gliricídia. O alimento avaliado com melhor valor de energia digestível foi o feno da atriplex.

RESUMO

This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein and digestible energy (Kcal kg-1) for six ingredients (cassava chips, sorghum grain, atriplex hay, gliricídia hay, leucaena hay and wine residues) available in Brazilian semi-arid for pink tilapia feed. The feed were stained with 0.1% of chromic oxide III. A total of six circular tanks containing 1000 liters of volume were used. In each one was placed a circular cage of plastic screen with 20 fish each (initial weight of 80g). The fish were hand fed daily 3 times a day. To collect feces each cage was placed in the evening in conical 250L fiberglass tanks. Apparent digestibility of the ingredients tested was calculated based on the content of chromic oxide III in the samples offered and in the feces by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to the nutrient feed and feces, according to standard procedure. Among ingredients evaluated the best CDA values for MS were to cassava chips and sorghum. The best CDA values for CP were to cassava chips, sorghum and gliricidia hay. Atriplex hay was the ingredient with better digestible energy value.

Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca, proteína bruta e a energia digestível de seis alimentos (raspa de mandioca, grão de sorgo, feno de atriplex, feno de gliricídia, feno de leucena e resíduo de vitivinícola) disponíveis no semiárido brasileiro, para a tilápia rosa. As rações foram marcadas com 0,1% de óxido crômico III. Utilizaram-se seis caixas circulares contendo 1000 litros de volume útil. Em cada caixa foi colocada uma gaiola circular de tela plástica, com 20 peixes cada (peso inicial de 80g). Os peixes foram arraçoados diariamente, três vezes ao dia. Para a coleta das fezes, cada gaiola foi colocada no início da noite em cubas de fibra de vidro cônicas com capacidade de 250L. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente dos ingredientes testados foi calculado com base no teor de óxido crômico III nas amostras de fornecidos e fezes, por análise de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Dentre os alimentos avaliados, os melhores valores de CDA para a MS foram referentes à raspa de mandioca e ao sorgo. Os melhores valores do CDA para a PB foram referentes à raspa de mandioca, sorgo e feno de gliricídia. O alimento avaliado com melhor valor de energia digestível foi o feno da atriplex.