RESUMO
Orofacial nerve injuries may result in temporary or long-term loss of sensory function and decreased quality of life in patients. B vitamins are required for DNA synthesis and the repair and maintenance of phospholipids. In particular, vitamins B1, B6, and B12 are essential for neuronal function. Deficiency in vitamin B complex (VBC) has been linked to increased oxidative stress, inflammation and demyelination. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has antioxidant activity and is neuroprotective. In addition, a growing literature attests to the positive effects of PBM on nerve repair. To assess the effect of PBM and VBC on regenerative process we evaluated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), myelin basic protein (MBP), laminin and neurofilaments (NFs) using Western blotting to identify regenerative pattern after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI IoN) treated by PBM, VBC or its combination. After CCI IoN, the rats were divided into six groups naive, sham, injured (CCI IoN), treated with photobiomodulation (904 nm, 6.23 J/cm2, CCI IoN + PBM), treated with VBC (containing B1, B6 and B12) 5 times, CCI IoN + VBC) and treated with PBM and VBC (CCI IoN + VBC + PBM). The treatments could revert low expression of BDNF, MBP and laminin. Also reverted the higher expression of neurofilaments and enhanced expression of NGF. PBM and VBC could accelerate injured infraorbital nerve repair in rats through reducing the expression of neurofilaments, increasing the expression of BDNF, laminin and MBP and overexpressing NGF. These data support the notion that the use of PBM and VBC may help in the treatment of nerve injuries. This finding has potential clinical applications.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Fator de Crescimento Neural , Regeneração Nervosa , Complexo Vitamínico B , Animais , Ratos , Regeneração Nervosa/efeitos da radiação , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Neural/metabolismo , Masculino , Laminina/metabolismo , Traumatismos do Nervo Facial/radioterapia , Traumatismos do Nervo Facial/terapia , Ratos Wistar , Proteína Básica da Mielina/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The present study investigates the efficacy of Photobiomodulation (PBM) and Vitamin B Complex (VBC) to relieve pain, both in separately and combined (PBM and VBC). METHODS: Rats with chronic constriction injury of the right infraorbital nerve (CCI-IoN) or Sham surgery were used. PBM was administered at a wavelength of 904 nm and energy density of 6.23 J/cm2 and VBC (containing B1, B6 and B12) subcutaneously, both separately and combined. Behavioral tests were performed to assess mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity before and after CCI and after PBM, VBC, or PBM + VBC. The expression of inflammatory proteins in the trigeminal ganglion and the immunohistochemical alterations of Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) astrocytes and microglia were examined following CCI and treatments. RESULTS: All testeds treatments reversed the painful behavior. The decrease in pain was accompanied by a decrease of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), a specific astrocytic marker, and Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), a marker of microglia, and decreased expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), Substance P, and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) induced by CCI-IoN in PAG and Trigeminal ganglion. Furthermore, both treatments showed a higher expression of Cannabinoid-type 1 (CB1) receptor in the trigeminal ganglion compared to CCI-IoN rats. Our results show that no difference was observed between groups. CONCLUSION: We showed that PBM or VBC regulates neuroinflammation and reduces inflammatory protein expression. However, the combination of PBM and VBC did not enhance the effectiveness of both therapies alone.
Assuntos
Complexo Vitamínico B , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Dor Facial/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Objective : The aim of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effect of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plus B vitamins administered pre and postoperatively in surgeries of impacted mandibular third molars. Material and Methods : Double-blind randomized clinical trial, sixty-six patients participated and were randomized into 2 groups. The control group was administered meloxicam 15 mg intramuscularly plus placebo orally and to the experimental group, meloxicam 15 mg intramuscularly plus vitamins B [B1, B6, and B12] orally; both treatments were administered preoperatively. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by pain intensity, facial swelling (facial contour measurements), and mouth opening (distance between the upper and lower incisors) during the post-surgical phase. Student's t-test was performed for independent samples. Results : In all the evaluated times (1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, and 3 days after the end of the surgery) the experimental group presented a significantly lower intensity of pain compared to the control group (p<0.05). The highest pain intensity was recorded at 6 hours (17.7 ± 9.1 mm in the experimental group and 34.5 ± 21.3 mm in the control group). Swelling and mouth opening were similar in both groups, at all times evaluated (p>0.05). Conclusion : In the present study, the administration of NSAIDs plus B vitamins (B1, B6, B12) produced lower intensity of pain compared to the administration of only NSAIDs. Nevertheless, swelling and mouth opening were similar in all evaluations for both study groups (AU)
Objetivo : O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório sinérgico de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) com vitaminas do complexo B administrados no pré e pós-operatório de cirurgias de terceiros molares inferiores impactados. Material e Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego, 66 participantesque foram randomizados em 2 grupos. O grupo controle recebeu Meloxicam 15 mg por via intramuscular + placebo por via oral e o grupo experimental, Meloxicam 15 mg por via intramuscular + vitaminas B [B1, B6 e B12] por via oral; ambos os tratamentos foram administrados no pré-operatório. O efeito anti-inflamatório foi avaliado pela intensidade da dor, edema facial (medidas do contorno facial) e abertura da boca (distância entre os incisivos superiores e inferiores) durante a fase pós-cirúrgica. Foi aplicado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Resultados: Em todos os tempos avaliados (1 hora, 6 horas, 12 horas, 24 horas, 2 dias e 3 dias após o término da cirurgia) o grupo experimental apresentou uma intensidade de dor significativamente menor em relação ao grupo controle (p <0,05). A maior intensidade de dor foi registrada em 6 horas (17,7 ± 9,1 mm no grupo experimental e 34,5 ± 21,3 mm no grupo controle). Edema e abertura bucal foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, em todos os momentos avaliados (p>0,05). Conclusão: No presente estudo, a administração de AINEs com vitaminas do complexo B (B1, B6, B12) resultou em menor intensidade de dor em comparação com a administração apenas de AINEs. No entanto, o edema e a abertura da boca foram semelhantes em todas as avaliações para ambos os grupos de estudo (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Dor , Complexo Vitamínico B , Meloxicam , Inflamação , Dente SerotinoRESUMO
Low back pain, as well as other musculoskeletal disorders (neck pain, osteoarthritis, etc.), are a very frequent cause of consultation both in primary care and in other hospital specialties and are usually associated with high functional and work disability. Acute low back pain can present different nociceptive, neuropathic and nonciplastic components, which leads to consider it as a mixed type pain. The importance of the concept of mixed pain is due to the fact that the symptomatic relief of these pathologies requires a multimodal therapeutic approach to various pharmacological targets. The antinociceptive role of the B vitamin complex has been recognized for several decades, specifically the combination of Thiamine, Pyridoxine and Cyanocobalamin (TPC). Likewise, there is accumulated evidence that indicates an adjuvant analgesic action in low back pain. The aim of the present review is to present the existing evidence and the latest findings on the therapeutic effects of the TPC combination in low back pain. Likewise, some of the most relevant mechanisms of action involved that can explain these effects are analyzed. The reviewed evidence indicates that the combined use of PCT has an adjuvant analgesic effect in mixed pain, specifically in low back pain and other musculoskeletal disorders with nociceptive and neuropathic components. This effect can be explained by an anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, neuroprotective and neuromodulatory action of the TPC combination on the descending pain system.
Assuntos
Complexo Vitamínico B , Dor nas Costas , Humanos , Piridoxina , Tiamina , Vitamina B 12RESUMO
Vitamins are organic compounds essential for normal physiological functioning and they need to be provided in adequate amounts by the diet. They are nutrients mainly associated to fruit consumption, playing an important role in the cellular function, growth and development of individuals. The present study aimed to analyze levels of vitamins B, C and carotenoids of fruits from the agrobiodiversity of Northeastern Brazil, among them cajuí (Anacardium spp), murici (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth), pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.), jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.), cajá (Spondias mombin L.), umbu-cajá (Spondias bahiensis P. Carvalho, Van den Berg & M. Machado), umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda), pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.), araçá (Psidium sobralianum Landrum & Proença). The vitamins were quantified using the analytical method High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Vitamin B complex levels varied from 0.003 ± 0.01 mg/100 g to 6.107 ± 0.06 mg/100 g. Vitamin C ranged from 0.36 ± 0.06 mg/100 g to 253.92 ± 9.02 mg/100 g. Carotenoid values ranged from 0.12 ± 0.02 µg/100 g to 395.63 ± 113.69 µg/100 g. Thus, the profile of water-soluble vitamins and carotenoids of the fruits analyzed was quantified. Therefore, these fruits can provide varied amounts of vitamins important to human health. However, it is interesting for the individual to consume fruits in a diversified manner, avoiding monotony and thus guaranteeing the daily intake of more nutrients.
RESUMO
Vitamins of the B complex attenuate some neuropathic pain sensory aspects in various animal models and in patients, but the mechanisms underlying their effects remain to be elucidated. Herein it was investigated if the treatment with a vitamin B complex (VBC) reduces heat hyperalgesia in rats submitted to infraorbital nerve constriction and the possibility that TRPV1 receptors represent a target for B vitamins. In the present study, the VBC refers to a combination of vitamins B1, B6 and B12 at low- (18, 18 and 1.8mg/kg, respectively) or high- (180, 180 and 18mg/kg, respectively) doses. Acute treatment of rats with either the low- or the high-doses combination reduced heat hyperalgesia after nerve injury, but the high-doses combination resulted in a long-lasting effect. Repeated treatment with the low-dose combination reduced heat hyperalgesia on day four after nerve injury and showed a synergist effect with a single injection of carbamazepine (3 or 10mg/kg), which per se failed to modify the heat threshold. In naïve rats, acute treatment with the high-dose of VBC or B1 and B12 vitamins independently reduced heat hyperalgesia evoked by capsaicin (3µg into the upper lip). Moreover, the VBC, as well as, each one of the B vitamins independently reduced the capsaicin-induced calcium responses in HEK 293 cells transiently transfected with the human TRPV1 channels. Altogether, these results indicate that B vitamins can be useful to control heat hyperalgesia associated with trigeminal neuropathic pain and that modulation of TRPV1 receptors may contribute to their anti-hyperalgesic effects.
Assuntos
Capsaicina/farmacologia , Hiperalgesia/tratamento farmacológico , Órbita/inervação , Complexo Vitamínico B/farmacologia , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Carbamazepina/farmacologia , Constrição , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/etiologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Canais de Cátion TRPV/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismo , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: la Ataxia Espinocerebelosa tipo 2 (SCA2) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa severa que representa un serio problema de salud en Cuba, debido a las altas tasas de prevalencia e incidencia y a la ausencia de tratamientos curativos. OBJETIVOS: evaluar el efecto y la seguridad del tratamiento con altas dosis de vitaminas del complejo B (Compvit-B) sobre la neuropatía periférica en pacientes con SCA2. MÉTODOS: se realizó una investigación prospectiva de intervención clínica en 20 enfermos en estadio ligero los que se sometieron a un protocolo terapéutico mediante la administración intramuscular del COMPVIT B por 12 semanas. Durante las primeras 4 semanas los individuos recibieron dos bulbos semanales y a partir de la 5tasemana un solo bulbo. Inmediatamente antes y después del tratamiento los pacientes fueron evaluados mediantes exámenes clínicos y electrofisiológicos. RESULTADOS: una vez concluido el tratamiento, los pacientes mostraron un aumento significativo de las amplitudes de los potenciales de acción sensitivos de nervios mediano y sural, y en este último nervio se observó además reducción de la latencia y aumento de la velocidad de conducción. Los parámetros de la conducción nerviosa motora no se modificaron. Los potenciales evocados somatosensoriales de nervio mediano arrojaron una reducción significativa de la latencia del potencial de Erb. De manera interesante se observó una la disminución significativa de la frecuencia de aparición de las contracturas musculares dolorosas en el 53% de los casos después del tratamiento. Durante el estudio no se registraron eventos adversos. CONCLUSIONES: el presente estudio identifica una nueva opción terapéutica sintomática en la SCA2, brinda nuevas evidencias sobre las bases fisiopatológicas y el manejo clínico de las contracturas musculares dolorosas y justifican la realización de estudios más amplios en pacientes y portadores de la mutación, los que presentan tales manifestaciones muchos antes de debutar con la ataxia.
INTRODUCTION: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a severe neurodegenerative disease which constitutes a serious health problem in Cuba due to its high prevalence and incidence rates and the lack of curative treatments. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect and safety of the treatment with high doses of B-complex vitamins (Compvit-B) on peripheral neuropathy in patients with SCA2. METHODS: A prospective clinical intervention study was conducted of 20 patients in the mild stage of the disease undergoing a therapeutic protocol consisting in intramuscular injection of Compvit-B for 12 weeks. Patients were administered two ampoules weekly in the first 4 weeks and one from the fifth week onwards. Immediately before and after the treatment patients underwent clinical and electrophysiological examination. RESULTS: Upon completion of the treatment patients showed a significant increase in the amplitude of the sensitive action potentials of the median and sural nerves. In the latter case there was also a decrease in latency and an increase in conduction velocity. Motor nerve conduction parameters were not modified. Somatosensory evoked potentials of the median nerve showed a significant reduction in the latency of Erb's potential. A significant decrease was also found in the frequency of painful muscle contractures in 53% of the cases after treatment. Adverse events were not recorded during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The study identifies a new therapeutic option for symptomatic SCA2, and provides new evidence of the pathophysiological bases and clinical management of painful muscle contractures. Broader studies should be conducted with patients and carriers of the mutation, who typically present such manifestations long before developing ataxia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêutico , Polineuropatia Paraneoplásica , Ataxias Espinocerebelares , Estudos Prospectivos , CubaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: la ataxia Espinocerebelosa tipo 2 (SCA2) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que alcanza las mayores tasas de prevalencia e incidencia en Holguín, Cuba. Una de las principales manifestaciones clínicas de estos pacientes son los trastornos cognitivos, expresados fundamentalmente como déficits frontoejecutivos y de la memoria. OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con vitaminas del Complejo B sobre las funciones cognitivas, en pacientes cubanos con SCA2. MÉTODOS: se incluyeron 20 pacientes en una investigación de intervención clínica, empleando COMPVIT-B, durante 3 meses. Se evaluaron parámetros clínicos, como la escala SARA y cognitivos como el test de Stroop, el test de Fluencia verbal fonológica y el test de memoria verbal. Todos los estudios se realizaron antes y después del tratamiento. RESULTADOS: el estudio de las funciones frontoejecutivas reveló un aumento significativo del número de palabras mencionadas en el test de fluencia verbal fonológica, al terminar el estudio. Sin embargo, el test de Stroop no mostró cambios significativos. En relación al test de memoria verbal, se obtuvo un aumento del número de palabras recordadas en el primer ensayo, así como reducción del número de ensayos requeridos para recordar todas las palabras. La puntuación de la escala SARA no cambió significativamente. CONCLUSIONES: el presente trabajo constituye una evidencia adicional en favor del uso terapéutico y neuroprotector de las vitaminas del complejo B e identifica una nueva opción de tratamiento sintomatológico para los enfermos con SCA2, lo que incide positivamente en el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
INTRODUCTION: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease with the highest prevalence and incidence rates in the province of Holguín, Cuba. One of its main clinical manifestations is cognitive disorders, fundamentally expressed as frontal-executive and memory deficits. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of B-complex vitamins on cognitive functions in Cuban patients with SCA2. METHODS: Twenty patients were included in a clinical intervention study based on the use of Compvit-B for 3 months. An evaluation was conducted of clinical parameters such as the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and cognitive parameters like the Stroop test, the phonological verbal fluency test and the verbal memory test. All the studies were conducted before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The study of frontal-executive functions revealed a significant increase in the number of words mentioned in the phonological verbal fluency test at the end of the study. However, the Stroop test did not show any significant change. The verbal memory test showed an increase in the number of words recalled in the first assay, and a reduction in the number of assays required to recall all the words. Scores on the SARA did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The paper provides additional evidence in support of the therapeutic and neuroprotective use of B-complex vitamins and presents a new option of symptomatic treatment for patients with SCA2, which will lead to an improvement in their quality of life.
Assuntos
Humanos , Complexo Vitamínico B/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etnologia , Ataxias Espinocerebelares , CubaRESUMO
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de levedura de cerveja e minerais orgânicos sobre o desempenho, morfometria intestinal e resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte, desafiados com a vacina de coccidiose. Foram utilizados 384 pintos de corte, distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (1. controle, 2. minerais orgânicos 3. levedo de cerveja, 4. associação de minerais orgânicos e levedo de cerveja) e 4 repetições de 24 aves cada. No alojamento, 12 aves de cada repetição foram identificadas com anilha e receberam a vacina contra coccidiose via ocular. Aos 7, 21, 35 e 42 dias, foi coletado sangue para análise de proteínas séricas totais e perfil eletroforético de IgA e IgG e um segmento do duodeno para análise morfométrica. A suplementação de levedo de cerveja ou de minerais orgânicos não afetou o desempenho de frangos de corte ou a produção de anticorpos. O desafio imunológico com a vacina de coccidiose não foi suficientemente eficaz em provocar uma resposta imune capaz de alterar a morfometria da mucosa duodenal e a produção de anticorpos.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of beer yeast and organic minerals supplementations on the performance, intestinal morphometry and humoral immune response of broilers that were challenged with coccidiosis vaccine. Three-hundred-eighty-four chicks were used, randomly distributed in an entirely random design total with four treatments (1. control, 2. organic minerals on top, 3. beer yeast, 4. association between organic minerals and beer yeast) and four treatments with 24-bird repetition each. At housing, 12 birds of each repetition were identified and received the eye-drop vaccine against coccidiosis. At 7, 21, 35 and 42 days it was collected blood to analyze the total serum proteins and the eletrophoretic profile of IgA and IgG and a duodenal segment for morphometric analysis. Neither the beer yeast nor the organic minerals supplementation affected the broiler performance or the antibodies production. The immunological challenge like the coccidiosis vaccine was not efficacious enough to provide an immune response able to modify the duodenal mucosa morphometry and the antibodies production.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of beer yeast and organic minerals supplementations on the performance, intestinal morphometry and humoral immune response of broilers that were challenged with coccidiosis vaccine. Three-hundred-eighty-four chicks were used, randomly distributed in an entirely random design total with four treatments (1. control, 2. organic minerals on top, 3. beer yeast, 4. association between organic minerals and beer yeast) and four treatments with 24-bird repetition each. At housing, 12 birds of each repetition were identified and received the eye-drop vaccine against coccidiosis. At 7, 21, 35 and 42 days it was collected blood to analyze the total serum proteins and the eletrophoretic profile of IgA and IgG and a duodenal segment for morphometric analysis. Neither the beer yeast nor the organic minerals supplementation affected the broiler performance or the antibodies production. The immunological challenge like the coccidiosis vaccine was not efficacious enough to provide an immune response able to modify the duodenal mucosa morphometry and the antibodies production.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de levedura de cerveja e minerais orgânicos sobre o desempenho, morfometria intestinal e resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte, desafiados com a vacina de coccidiose. Foram utilizados 384 pintos de corte, distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (1. controle, 2. minerais orgânicos 3. levedo de cerveja, 4. associação de minerais orgânicos e levedo de cerveja) e 4 repetições de 24 aves cada. No alojamento, 12 aves de cada repetição foram identificadas com anilha e receberam a vacina contra coccidiose via ocular. Aos 7, 21, 35 e 42 dias, foi coletado sangue para análise de proteínas séricas totais e perfil eletroforético de IgA e IgG e um segmento do duodeno para análise morfométrica. A suplementação de levedo de cerveja ou de minerais orgânicos não afetou o desempenho de frangos de corte ou a produção de anticorpos. O desafio imunológico com a vacina de coccidiose não foi suficientemente eficaz em provocar uma resposta imune capaz de alterar a morfometria da mucosa duodenal e a produção de anticorpos.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of beer yeast and organic minerals supplementations on the performance, intestinal morphometry and humoral immune response of broilers that were challenged with coccidiosis vaccine. Three-hundred-eighty-four chicks were used, randomly distributed in an entirely random design total with four treatments (1. control, 2. organic minerals on top, 3. beer yeast, 4. association between organic minerals and beer yeast) and four treatments with 24-bird repetition each. At housing, 12 birds of each repetition were identified and received the eye-drop vaccine against coccidiosis. At 7, 21, 35 and 42 days it was collected blood to analyze the total serum proteins and the eletrophoretic profile of IgA and IgG and a duodenal segment for morphometric analysis. Neither the beer yeast nor the organic minerals supplementation affected the broiler performance or the antibodies production. The immunological challenge like the coccidiosis vaccine was not efficacious enough to provide an immune response able to modify the duodenal mucosa morphometry and the antibodies production.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de levedura de cerveja e minerais orgânicos sobre o desempenho, morfometria intestinal e resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte, desafiados com a vacina de coccidiose. Foram utilizados 384 pintos de corte, distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (1. controle, 2. minerais orgânicos 3. levedo de cerveja, 4. associação de minerais orgânicos e levedo de cerveja) e 4 repetições de 24 aves cada. No alojamento, 12 aves de cada repetição foram identificadas com anilha e receberam a vacina contra coccidiose via ocular. Aos 7, 21, 35 e 42 dias, foi coletado sangue para análise de proteínas séricas totais e perfil eletroforético de IgA e IgG e um segmento do duodeno para análise morfométrica. A suplementação de levedo de cerveja ou de minerais orgânicos não afetou o desempenho de frangos de corte ou a produção de anticorpos. O desafio imunológico com a vacina de coccidiose não foi suficientemente eficaz em provocar uma resposta imune capaz de alterar a morfometria da mucosa duodenal e a produção de anticorpos.
RESUMO
Vitamin B-12 status was evaluated in 113 Guatemalan women and their infants at 3 mo of lactation. Plasma vitamin B-12 was deficient or low in 46.7% of the mothers, and holotranscobalamin II (holo TC II) concentrations were low in 32.3%, which may indicate vitamin B-12 malabsorption. Only 9% had deficient or low plasma folate. Breast milk vitamin B-12 was low in 31%, and negatively correlated with infant urinary methylmalonic acid (UMMA, r = -0.22, P < 0.05, n = 88); UMMA was elevated in 12.2% of the infants, indicating vitamin B-12 deficiency. Mothers of the infants with elevated UMMA had significantly lower concentrations of vitamin B-12 in their breast milk compared with mothers of infants with normal UMMA concentrations (410.7 +/- 247.7 vs. 705.3 +/- 487.5 pmol/L, P = 0.05, n = 87). Mean maternal dietary intake of vitamin B-12 was significantly correlated with plasma vitamin B-12 (r = 0.20, P = 0. 05, n = 94) and was the main determinant of plasma vitamin B-12 in a linear regression model. Determinants of maternal holo TC II concentrations included dietary intake of vitamin B-12 and Giardia lamblia infection. There were no statistically significant determinants of infant UMMA concentrations. We conclude that vitamin B-12 deficiency is highly prevalent in these lactating women and is associated with depletion of the vitamin in their infants. The cause of the maternal deficiency is unknown, but malabsorption exacerbated by low dietary intake of the vitamin is a possibility.
PIP: This study evaluated vitamin B-12 status in 113 Guatemalan women and their infants at 3 months of lactation. Findings revealed that plasma vitamin B-12 was deficient or low in 46.7% of the mothers and that holotranscobalamin II (holo TC II) concentrations were low in 32.3%, which may indicate vitamin B-12 malabsorption. Only 9% had deficient or low plasma folate. Breast milk vitamin B-12 was low in 31% and negatively correlated with infant urinary methylmalonic acid (UMMA). UMMA was elevated in 12.2% of the infants, indicating vitamin B-12 deficiency. Mothers of the infants with elevated UMMA had significantly lower concentrations of vitamin B-12 in their breast milk compared with mothers of infants with normal UMMA concentrations. Mean maternal dietary intake of vitamin B-12 was significantly correlated with plasma vitamin B-12 and was the main determinant of plasma vitamin B-12 in a linear regression model. Determinants of maternal holo TC II concentrations included dietary intake of vitamin B-12 and Giardia lamblia infection. There were no statistically significant determinants of infant UMMA concentrations. This study concludes that vitamin B-12 deficiency is highly prevalent in these lactating women and is associated with the depletion of the vitamin in their infants. The cause of the maternal deficiency is unknown, but malabsorption, exacerbated by low dietary intake of the vitamin, is a possibility.
Assuntos
Lactação/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/epidemiologia , Adulto , Antropometria , Feminino , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Ácido Metilmalônico/urina , Leite Humano/química , Paridade , Prevalência , Classe Social , Vitamina B 12/análise , Vitamina B 12/metabolismo , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/diagnósticoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of low-income Brazilian mothers, who were supplemented with iron and vitamin B12 during pregnancy, in terms of iron, zinc, folate and vitamin B12, in different stages of lactation and to determine the influence of the maternal nutritional status on milk composition. The effect of folate supplementation during pregnancy on folate status of the nursing mothers and milk composition was investigated. The effect of partial weaning on maternal status and milk composition was also studied. In general, the nutritional status of iron, zinc, folate and vitamin B12 of the mothers appears adequate. However, some of the mothers had indices of status lower than normal limits for non-pregnant women. These values, particularly after 30 d post-partum, indicate that these mothers might be at nutritional risk and that the nutrient supplementation received during pregnancy was insufficient to meet demands. There was an increase with the stage of lactation for haematocrit, serum vitamin B12, serum zinc, serum albumin, milk folate and saturation of its binding protein, but there was a decrease for milk protein, total and whey-bound iron and zinc, and lactoferrin. Mothers who took folate supplements during pregnancy had higher serum folate levels immediately after birth than those not taking the supplements but no differences were found at later stages of lactation. Milk composition was not affected. Partial weaning did not affect the maternal nutritional status or the milk composition except for iron which was higher in milk from mothers who were partially breastfeeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assuntos
Ácido Fólico/análise , Ferro/análise , Lactação/metabolismo , Leite Humano/análise , Vitamina B 12/análise , Zinco/análise , Brasil , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Humanos , Ferro/sangue , Lactoferrina/análise , Proteínas do Leite/análise , Estado Nutricional , Pobreza , Gravidez , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Desmame , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the concentration and binding pattern of zinc, iron, folate and vitamin B12 in milk of Brazilian women of low socioeconomic status giving birth at term or preterm, during early lactation. Protein, fat, total solids and ash concentrations were also determined. Protein and zinc concentrations decreased significantly as lactation proceeded whereas milk fat and folate increased with the lactation period. Total solids, ash, iron and vitamin B12 remained unchanged. Zinc was present mainly in the whey fraction while less than half of the total iron was present in this fraction, with no significant change due to stage of lactation. Unsaturated folate and vitamin B12 binding capacities and percentage of saturation of the folate binding protein increased with the stage of lactation. The vitamin B12 binding protein was highly unsaturated in all samples. There was no significant difference between term and preterm samples in the parameters investigated. Correlation analysis between milk components indicated significant relationships between total solids and fat, total zinc and whey zinc, folate and total folate binding capacity, unsaturated and total folate binding capacity, and unsaturated and total B12 binding capacity. In general, the nutrient concentrations found in this study are in good agreement with published data on milk composition of women from developed countries, with the possible exceptions of folate, which was lower, and iron, which was higher. The correlation of folate concentration with its binding protein found in this work supports the hypothesis of a regulatory role for folate levels in milk exerted by the folate binding protein in the mammary gland.
Assuntos
Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Lactação/metabolismo , Leite Humano/metabolismo , Vitamina B 12/metabolismo , Zinco/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Gravidez , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População UrbanaRESUMO
PIP: Sexually active patients (12 to 19 years of age) participated in a study designed to determine if adolescents who take oral contraceptives are susceptible to hematologic abnormalities. This involved individual medical histories recording vitamin ingestin, alcohol consumption, type of contraceptive used, duration of usage and menstrual cycle. Blood samples were drawn for determinations of serum folate, B12, ferritin, blood count and polymorphonuclear leukocyte lobe count. Results indicate that adolescents with nutritionally poor diets are potentially high risks for developing folic acid deficiency while taking oral contraceptives. The data indicate no significant differences in the mean hemoglobin, red blood cell indices or polylobe count in either the patient or control group. The authors stress a need to gather more data on the effects of long term contraceptive pill usage. It is concluded that although contraceptive pill use appears to increase the risk of developing cellular folate deficiency, especially in white women, the pill appears to offer some protection against iron deficiency and is not associated with anemia.^ieng
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais/efeitos adversos , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/induzido quimicamente , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Adolescente , Anemia Megaloblástica/induzido quimicamente , Criança , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Humanos , Grupos RaciaisRESUMO
PIP: The authors present a review of the medical literature about the effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on the metabolism of hydrocarbonates, serum iron, vitamins, folic acid, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. This is the 1st Brazilian study clinical about these phenomena. This study examined 21 patients taking OCs for 1 or more years. These female patients followed a regimen of vitamin-mineral supplementation over the course of 2 months when new clinical and laboratory controls were made. Of 21 patients, 18 had adverse symptoms and 3 were asymptomatic. Of the 18 symptomatic, 10 found relief from disturbances. There was also a statistically significant increase in serum folic acid levels. There wre no statistically significant alterations of hematocrit or serum iron in accordance with the literature. (author's)^ieng
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais , América , Brasil , Anticoncepção , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Ácido Fólico , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas , Ferro , América Latina , América do Sul , Complexo Vitamínico BRESUMO
PIP: 65 patients of gestational age 35.4 weeks, and of average age 27.7 were investigated during postpartum after delivery of stillborn babies, to measure hemoglobin, serum assay of iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), folates level, and vitamin B 12 level. Comparison with a series of 270 women in their third trimester of pregnancy showed that the first group of patients had lower mean hemoglobin level, lower serum iron level, lower TIBC, and lower serum folate level. There was no difference in transferrin saturation, and serum vitamin B 12 was higher. The percentage of anemic women was 50% versus 20% in the larger group; however, there was no difference in the prevalence of iron deficiency. There also was a direct correlation with B12 and serum folate. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.^ieng
Assuntos
Anemia Hipocrômica/sangue , Morte Fetal , Hemoglobinas/análise , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Idade Materna , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Vitamina B 12/análiseRESUMO
PIP: A description and evaluation of the methods used in a clinical investigation of the relationship between nutritional status and intestinal malabsorption in a sample of asymptomatic rural residents in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic is presented. These countries were choosen for their contrasting nutritional status. The diet of the rural population in Puerto Rico is relatively good while the diet of Dominican Republic's rural residents is marginal. Household surveys were conducted in one small, rural community in Puerto Rico and in another such community in the Dominican Republic. A sample of 96 patients from the former and 42 patients from the latter were hospitalized for 6 days. Their diet was controlled and a series of tests were performed in order to assess intestinal absorption. The usefulness of the various clinical determinations was then evaluated. Folic acid absorption studies and fat and nitrogen studies were found to be too time-consuming. Determination of fecal excretion of nitrogen and B12 serum concentrations yielded sufficient information and were judged useful. As many tests as possible had to be performed in assessing jejunum and ileum function as the intestional abnormalities were not limited to one site. Some were in the jejunum only, others were in the ileum only, and others were scattered throughout the small intestine. Tables show 1) age-sex distributions and monthly family income for the studied communities; 2) nitrogen balance study results; and 3) daily intake of protein for Puerto Rican and Dominican Republican subjects.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndromes de Malabsorção/epidemiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Proteínas Alimentares , Fezes/análise , Feminino , Ácido Fólico , Humanos , Absorção Intestinal , Jejuno , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Porto Rico , População Rural , Saneamento , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Índias Ocidentais , XiloseRESUMO
PIP: The article reviews the relationship between smoking habits of the mother and pregnancy, delivery, and the newborn. Nicotinic acid affects the central nervous system, and produces several cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and respiratory effects on people who inhale the smoke. 2095 pregnant patients were controlled in Caracas, Venezuela, 38.4% were smokers. Although the habit of smoking did not seem to modify fetal movements, it did modify fetal cardiac frequency. Length of gestation was similar for smoking or nonsmoking mothers; incidence of spontaneous abortion was 3 times higher for smoking mothers, who also had a higher incidence of premature rupture of membranes. The incidence of preeclampsia and hemorrhage was lower for smoking mothers, whose deliveries did not significantly differ from those of nonsmoking mothers. Mothers who were smokers had a higher risk of premature deliveries and, consequently, a higher risk of low birth weight babies. This last very important factor did not change in primiparous or multiparous mothers, or with age, or with the family's socioeconomic status, or with smoking habits of the father. It did change, however, with the number of cigarettes smoked every day by the mother. The relationship between sex of the newborn and smoking is not clear; what is clear is that there is a relationship between smoking and fetal or neonatal mortality, which is consistently higher for babies born to smoking mothers. Incidence of congenital malformations was found similar for babies of both groups of mothers, while, apparently, twins were born more often to mothers who smoked. Finally, nicotinic acid did definitely inhibit or reduce lactation.^ieng