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Objetivo: Correlacionar la variable principal sostén del hogar con las variables género, edad, horas de trabajo, horas de sueño y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (índice de masa corporal, hipertensión arterial, dislipemia y diabetes mellitus), en estudiantes de 3º, 4 y 5º año de la Licenciatura en Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Formosa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, transversal realizado en 214 estudiantes, durante el año 2022, utilizándose un cuestionario on-line autoadministrado, estructurado y medición de peso y talla. Resultados: el 76% fueron mujeres; 64%, principal fueron principal sostén del hogar, 57% refirió dormir menos de 6 horas al día, 15 % trabaja más de 41 horas semanales; 67% tuvo respuestas no saludables a la variable estrés, para la variable actividad física este valor ascendió a 71% y el 53,8% presentó exceso de peso. Se encontró asociación significativa entre ser el principal sostén del hogar con exceso de peso, trabajar 41 horas o más semanalmente, dormir menos de 6 horas al día y con la presencia de 3 o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Conclusiones: Las condiciones de vida que afrontan los estudiantes que de manera simultánea estudian, trabajan y son principal sostén del hogar pueden generar estrés, el cual es un factor de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares[AU]
Objetive: to correlate the main variable of primary income earner or primary breadwinner with gender, age, working hours, sleep hours, and cardiovascular disease risk factors (body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) in 3rd, 4th, and 5th-year nursing students at the Nursing Program at the National University of Formosa. Methodology: The study was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, conducted with 214 students during 2022 using a self-administered structured online questionnaire and measurement of weight and height. Results: 76% were women, 64% were the main breadwinner, 57% reported sleeping less than 6 hours a day, 15% working more than 41 hours per week; 67% had unhealthy responses to the stress variable, this value rose to 71% for the physical activity variable, and 53.8% were overweight. A significant association was found between the main variable of primary breadwinner and being overweight, working 41 or more hours weekly, and the presence of 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: The living conditions faced by students who simultaneously study and work, and being the main breadwinner in the household can generate stress, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases[AU]
Objetivo:: correlacionar a variável principal de sustento econômico do lar com as variáveis gênero, idade, horas de trabalho, horas de sono e fatores de risco cardiovascular (índice de massa corporal,hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e diabetes mellitus) em estudantes do 3º, 4º e 5º ano do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Nacional de Formosa. Metodologia: O estudo foi descritivo, correlacional e transversal, realizado em 214 estudantes durante o ano de 2022. Foi utilizado um questionário online autoadministrado e estruturado, e a medição de peso e altura dos estudantes foi realizada. Resultados: 76% dos estudantes eram mulheres; 64% eram o principal sustento econômico do lar; 57% relataram dormir menos de 6 horas por dia, 15% responderam que trabalham mais de 41 horas por semana; em relação aos fatores de risco cardiovascular, 67% tiveram respostas não saudáveis para a variável estresse, para a variável atividade física esse valor aumentou para 71% e 53,8% apresentaram excesso de peso. Foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre a variável principal de sustento econômico do lar com as variáveis excesso de peso, trabalhar 41 horas ou mais por semana, dormir menos de 6 horas al día e a presença de 3 ou mais fatores de risco cardiovascular. Conclusões: As condições de vida enfrentadas pelos estudantes que simultaneamente estudam, trabalham e são o principal sustento do lar podem gerar estresse, que é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares[AU]
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , ArgentinaRESUMO
Este estudo buscou avaliar as contribuições de um treinamento parental híbrido realizado com oito mães de crianças pré-escolares com transtorno do espectro do autismo baseado na ciência da análise do comportamento aplicada para a redução do estresse parental. Foi realizado a construção e implementação do treinamento parental híbrido. A amostra foi dividida em grupo tratamento e controle. Em termos de análise de dados, foram feitas comparações do nível de estresse no período pré/pós-intervenção, assim como a análise de uma prática direta com a criança de forma presencial com o grupo tratamento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as mães do grupo tratamento reagiram positivamente com as vídeos e materiais apresentados. No entanto, não foi observado diferenças estatísticas significativas para sugerir a redução do nível de estresse entre os dois grupos. As limitações do estudo foram o tamanho reduzido da amostra e o fato das crianças de ambos os grupos continuarem recebendo o tratamento em terapia intensiva durante a aplicação do treinamento parental.
Este estudio buscó evaluar los aportes de un entrenamiento parental híbrido realizado con ocho madres de niños preescolares con trastorno del espectro autista basado en la ciencia del análisis aplicado de la conducta para la reducción del estrés parental. Se llevó a cabo la construcción e implementación de un entrenamiento parental híbrido. Se dividió la muestra en grupo de tratamiento y control, y se realizaron comparaciones del nivel de estrés en el período pre/postintervención, así como el análisis de la práctica directa con el niño en un cara a cara con el grupo de tratamiento. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las madres del grupo de tratamiento reaccionaron positivamente a los videos y materiales presentados; sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas que sugieran una reducción en el nivel de estrés entre los dos grupos. Las limitaciones del estudio fueron el pequeño tamaño de la muestra y el hecho de que los niños de ambos grupos continuaron recibiendo tratamiento de terapia intensiva durante la implementación de la capacitación de los padres.
This study sought to evaluate the contributions of a hybrid parental training carried out with eight mothers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder, based on the science of applied behavioral analysis for reducing parental stress. The hybrid parental training was constructed and implemented by the researchers. The sample was divided into two groups: a Treatment Group and a Control Group. In the data analysis, comparisons were made of the levels of stress pre- and post-intervention and for the treatment group, direct practice with the child in a face-to-face environment was also analyzed. The results showed that the mothers in the treatment group reacted positively to the video and materials presented; however, no significant statistical differences were found that would suggest a reduction in stress levels between the two groups as a result of the training given. The limitations of the study were its small sample size and the fact that the children in both groups continued to receive intensive therapy treatment during the application of the parental training.
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Resumen Introducción: Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias se encuentra expuestos a factores psicosociales que pueden incrementar el riesgo de estrés, debido, entre otras variables, a las condiciones propias de las funciones ejercidas lo cual puede menoscabar el estado de salud de esta población. Objetivo: Determinar los síntomas reveladores de la presencia de reacciones de estrés en personal de primera respuesta a emergencias y su asociación con la edad y la antigüedad en la institución. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó el personal de primera respuesta a emergencias de una institución de bomberos en Colombia, 215 participantes. Se realizó asociación entre el nivel de estrés y las variables edad y antigüedad. Resultados: Se encontró un nivel de estrés alto y muy alto del 50.3%. Los síntomas fisiológicos y de comportamiento social presentaron los niveles más altos. Los trabajadores con mayor edad presentaron mayor estrés. No se presentó asociación con la antigüedad en el cargo. Conclusión: Más de la mitad de la población tiene niveles de estrés alto y muy alto. Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias con mayor edad fueron los que presentaron niveles de riesgo más alto de estrés.
Abstract Introduction: First responders in emergencies are exposed to psychosocial factors that can increase the risk of stress, due, among other variables, to the conditions of the functions performed, which can undermine the health status of this population. Objective: Determine the symptoms that reveal the presence of stress reactions in first responders to emergencies and their association with age and seniority in the institution. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out that included first responders to emergencies from a fire department in Colombia, 215 participants. An association was made between the level of stress and the variables age and seniority. Results: A high and very high stress level of 50.3% was found. Physiological and social behavior symptoms presented the highest levels. Older workers had greater stress. There was no association with length of service. Conclusion: More than half of the population has high and very high stress levels. The oldest emergency first responders were those with the highest risk levels of stress.
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Abstract Background: Role stress is linked to reduced work performance, diminished organizational commitment, increased intention to leave a job, and negative physical and mental health effects. Given the significant implications of role stress, researchers have sought to understand and quantify the concept. The Role Conflict and Ambiguity (RCA) scales are widely utilized in job stress research as the predominant measurement tools. They were originally conceptualized as consisting of two independent dimensions: role conflict and role ambiguity. Objective: This study advances the validation research of the RCA scales by exploring its dimensionality through Mokken Scale Analysis (MSA) and Classical Test Theory (CTT). Method: South African school teachers responded to the RCA scales, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Teaching Satisfaction Scale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and MSA were employed for data analysis. Results: The research determined that a second-order model provided the optimal fit, indicating that role ambiguity and role conflict are subordinate dimensions within the overarching construct of role stress. Conclusion: The findings from the CFA and supplementary bifactor indices reinforce the view that the instrument comprises 13 items, which assess a general dimension of role stress along with two sub-dimensions: role conflict and role ambiguity. Such specificity may lead to more effective strategies to mitigate role-related stress, thereby enhancing overall employee well-being, job satisfaction, and organizational productivity.
Resumen Antecedentes: El estrés de rol está relacionado con la reducción del rendimiento laboral, la disminución del compromiso organizativo, el aumento de la intención de abandonar el trabajo y los efectos negativos sobre la salud física y mental. Dadas las importantes implicaciones del estrés de rol, los investigadores han tratado de comprender y cuantificar este concepto. Las escalas de Conflicto y Ambigüedad de Roles (RCA) se utilizan ampliamente en la investigación del estrés laboral como herramientas de medición predominantes. Al principio, se conceptualizaron como dos dimensiones independientes: conflicto de rol y ambigüedad de rol. Objetivo: Este estudio avanza en la investigación de validación de las escalas RCA, explorando su dimensionalidad mediante el Análisis de Escalas de Mokken (MSA) y la Teoría Clásica de los Test (CTT). Método: Profesores sudafricanos respondieron a las escalas RCA, Maslach Burnout Inventory y Teaching Satisfaction Scale. Se emplearon el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) y el MSA para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: La investigación determinó que un modelo de segundo orden proporcionaba el ajuste óptimo, indicando que la ambigüedad de rol y el conflicto de rol son dimensiones subordinadas dentro del constructo global del estrés de rol. Conclusiones: Los resultados del AFC y los índices bifactoriales suplementarios refuerzan la opinión de que el instrumento consta de 13 ítems, que evalúan una dimensión general de estrés de rol junto con dos subdimensiones: conflicto de rol y ambigüedad de rol. Esta especificidad puede conducir a estrategias más eficaces para mitigar el estrés relacionado con el rol, mejorando así el bienestar general de los empleados, la satisfacción en el trabajo y la productividad de la organización.
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Objetivo: analisar o nível de estresse percebido e sofrimento psíquico em gestores de saúde na pandemia da Covid-19. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta ocorreu de abril a setembro de 2021, com 40 gestores de serviço de saúde. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados um instrumento para caracterização sociodemográfica e ocupacional e as escalas "Perceived Stress Scale-14" e "Self Reporting Questionnaire" para avaliação do estresse percebido e sofrimento psíquico. Os dados coletados foram analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 22.0. O presente estudo faz parte de um projeto intitulado "Trabalhadores dos Serviços de Saúde Frente à Pandemia de Covid-19", aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa sob CAAE número 35260620.9.0000.5231. Resultados: a maioria dos profissionais eram do sexo feminino (90%, N=36), casados (70%, N=28), com filhos (80%, N=32), com média de idade de 45 anos e com pós--graduação (47,5%, N=19). A média dos escores relacionados ao estresse percebido foi 31,13 pontos (DP=3,77) sendo o mínimo 24 e máximo de 42 pontos. Com relação ao sofrimento psíquico, (40%, N=16) os gestores apresentaram prováveis casos de transtornos. A prática de atividades físicas e de lazer (p<0,05) tem papel importante na diminuição do estresse percebido e do sofrimento psíquico. Conclusão: os gestores em saúde apresentaram, durante a pandemia, estresse e sofrimento psíquico, resultados esses que devem ser considerados para promoção de autocuidado aos gestores de saúde, enfatizando a necessidade da realização de atividades físicas e de lazer.
Objective: to analyze the level of perceived stress and psychological suffering in health managers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The collection took place from April to September 2021, with 40 health service managers. An instrument for socio-demographic and occupational characterization and the "Perceived Stress Scale-14" and "Self Reporting Questionnaire" scales were used for the assessment of perceived stress and psychic suffering. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0. The present study is part of a project entitled "Health Service Workers in the Face of the Covid-19 Pandemic", approved by the Research Ethics Committee under CAAE number 35260620.9.0000.5231. Results: most professionals were female (90%, N=36), married (70%, N=28), with children (80%, N=32), with a mean age of 45 years and with a postgraduate degree. -graduation (47.5%, N=19). The average score related to perceived stress was 31.13 points (SD=3.77), with a minimum of 24 and a maximum of 42 points. With regard to psychic suffering, (40%, N=16) the managers presented probable cases of disorders. The practice of physical and leisure activities (p<0.05) plays an important role in reducing perceived stress and psychological distress. Conclusion: health managers presented, during the pandemic, stress and psychic suffering, results that should be considered for promoting self-care to health managers, emphasizing the need to carry out physical and leisure activities.Keywords: Health manager; Occupational stress; Covid-19; Coronavirus infections.
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
A instabilidade de microssatélites é um fenômeno genético caracterizado pela alteração na repetição de sequências de nucleotídeos conhecidas como microssatélites. Esta instabilidade pode ocorrer devido a defeitos nos genes reparadores de DNA, como os genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 e PMS2. A inflamação crônica tem sido associada ao desenvolvimento do câncer colorretal. Os genes da instabilidade de microssatélites estão envolvidos na regulação da resposta inflamatória, podendo influenciar a progressão tumoral. Estudos demonstraram que a presença de instabilidade de microssatélites em tumores colorretais está relacionada a uma maior infiltração de células imunes, como linfócitos T, macrófagos e neutrófilos, que podem modular a resposta inflamatória no microambiente tumoral. O estresse oxidativo é caracterizado pelo desequilíbrio entre a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e a capacidade antioxidante do organismo e desempenha um papel importante na carcinogênese. Os genes da instabilidade de microssatélites podem influenciar a resposta ao estresse oxidativo, afetando a capacidade das células tumorais de lidar com o dano oxidativo e promovendo a sobrevivência celular. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na compreensão dos genes envolvidos na instabilidade de microssatélites no câncer colorretal e como eles contribuem para o desenvolvimento da doença, relacionando com processos inflamatórios e estresse oxidativo nas células tumorais. Justifica-se pela necessidade de compreensão das interconexões entre a instabilidade de microssatélites, inflamação e o estresse oxidativo em pacientes com câncer colorretal.
Microsatellite instability is a genetic phenomenon characterized by changes in the repetition of nucleotide sequences known as microsatellites. This instability may occur due to defects in DNA repair genes, such as the MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 genes. Chronic inflammation has been linked to the development of colorectal cancer. Microsatellite instability genes are involved in regulating the inflammatory response and may influence tumor progression. Studies have shown that the presence of microsatellite instability in colorectal tumors is related to a greater infiltration of immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils, which can modulate the inflammatory response in the tumor microenvironment. Oxidative stress is characterized by the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the body's antioxidant capacity and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Microsatellite instability genes can influence the response to oxidative stress, affecting the ability of tumor cells to deal with oxidative damage and promoting cell survival. The objective of this work is to understand the genes involved in microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer and how they contribute to the development of the disease, relating it to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in tumor cells. It is justified by the need to understand the interconnections between microsatellite instability, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with colorectal cancer.
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HumanosRESUMO
Objetivo: avaliar ansiedade, estresse e depressão antes e após o treinamento físico em acometidos pela Covid-19. Método: estudo quase-experimental realizado em Goiânia com pacientes que tiveram Covid-19 moderada a grave, após internação. Investigou-se ansiedade, estresse e depressão por meio da DASS-21. Os participantes realizaram dezoito sessões de treinamento físico, três vezes/semana composto por exercícios aeróbios, resistidos e de flexibilidade. Utilizou-se teste Shapiro Wilk para distribuição e os testes t pareado e Wilcoxon com nível de significância de p<0,05 para comparações. Resultado: participaram dezessete indivíduos com 55,59(±5,20) anos, predominantemente mulheres (64,7%), média de dezessete dias internados, maioria obesos (52,9%) com alguma doença prévia à Covid-19 (76,5%). Houve redução da ansiedade (mediana de 9,0 para 2,0 [p=0,001]), estresse de 10,0 para 2,0 (p=0,001) e depressão de 6,0 para 2,0 (p<0,001) após treinamento físico. Conclusão: o treinamento físico foi eficaz para melhora da ansiedade, estresse e depressão após dezoito sessões.
Objective: to assess anxiety, stress and depression before and after physical training in people affected by Covid-19. Method: a quasi-experimental study carried out in Goiania with patients who had moderate to severe Covid-19 after hospitalization. Anxiety, stress and depression were investigated using the DASS-21. The participants underwent eighteen physical training sessions, three times a week, consisting of aerobic, resistance and flexibility exercises. The Shapiro Wilk test was used for distribution and the paired t-test and Wilcoxon test with a significance level of p<0.05 were used for comparisons. Results: seventeen individuals took part, aged 55.59 (±5.20) years, predominantly women (64.7%), an average of seventeen days in hospital, the majority obese (52.9%) with some illness prior to Covid-19 (76.5%). There was a reduction in anxiety (median from 9.0 to 2.0 [p=0.001]), stress from 10.0 to 2.0 (p=0.001) and depression from 6.0 to 2.0 (p<0.001) after physical training. Conclusion: physical training was effective in improving anxiety, stress and depression after eighteen sessions.
Objetivo: evaluar la ansiedad, el estrés y la depresión antes y después del entrenamiento físico en afectados por la Covid-19. Método: estudio cuasi-experimental realizado en Goiânia con pacientes que tuvieron Covid-19 moderada a grave, tras hospitalización. Se investigó la ansiedad, el estrés y la depresión mediante el DASS-21. Los participantes realizaron dieciocho sesiones de entrenamiento físico, tres veces por semana compuesto por ejercicios aeróbicos, de resistencia y de flexibilidad. Se utilizó la prueba Shapiro Wilk para distribución y las pruebas t pareada y Wilcoxon con nivel de significancia de p<0,05 para comparaciones. Resultado: participaron diecisiete individuos con 55,59 (±5,20) años, predominantemente mujeres (64,7%), media de diecisiete días hospitalizados, mayoría obesos (52,9%) con alguna enfermedad previa a la Covid-19 (76,5%). Hubo reducción de la ansiedad (mediana de 9,0 a 2,0 [p=0,001]), estrés de 10,0 a 2,0 (p=0,001) y depresión de 6,0 a 2,0 (p<0,001) tras el entrenamiento físico. Conclusión: el entrenamiento físico fue eficaz para mejorar la ansiedad, el estrés y la depresión después de dieciocho sesiones.
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Introducción. El acoso laboral y sexual son problemas latentes durante la formación de los cirujanos, que conllevan repercusiones negativas a nivel individual, organizacional y del sistema sanitario. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la prevalencia de estos tipos de acoso en residentes de cirugía colombianos. Métodos. Estudio nacional, de corte transversal, realizado en los veinte programas de residencia del país en septiembre de 2023. Los residentes autoevaluaron su exposición a ambas formas de acoso mediante cuestionarios validados. Se realizaron comparaciones entre víctimas y no víctimas de acoso, en función de las características demográficas de la población. Se evaluó la frecuencia de conductas de acoso laboral cometidas por diferentes perpetradores. Resultados. Se incluyeron 238 residentes (64,7 % del total de la población). Las tasas de acoso laboral y sexual fueron de 35,3 % y 18,1 %, respectivamente. Ambos tipos de acoso fueron significativamente mayores en los programas ubicados en el centro del país. El acoso sexual fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres. Los profesores de cirugía y los residentes de niveles superiores fueron los principales perpetradores de conductas de acoso laboral. Conclusiones. El acoso laboral y sexual es altamente prevalente en la formación de los cirujanos colombianos. Estos hallazgos deben alertar a profesores, médicos residentes y otros grupos de interés, para fomentar ambientes y cultura educativa saludables, que permitan disminuir la prevalencia de estos comportamientos.
Introduction. Workplace and sexual harassment are latent problems during surgical training, which have negative repercussions at the individual, organizational and health system levels. The objective of the present study was to explore the prevalence of these types of harassment in all Colombian surgical residents. Methods. National cross-sectional study conducted in twenty residency programs in September 2023. Residents self-assessed their exposure to both forms of harassment using validated questionnaires. Comparisons were made between victims and non-victims of bullying, based on the demographic characteristics of the population. The frequency of workplace harassment behaviors committed by different perpetrators was evaluated. Results. A total of 238 residents were included (64.7% of population). Rates of workplace and sexual harassment were 35.3% and 18.1%, respectively. Both types of harassment were significantly higher in programs located in the central region of the country. Sexual harassment was significantly higher among women. Surgery professors and senior residents were the main perpetrators of workplace bullying behaviors. Conclusions. Workplace and sexual harassment is highly prevalent during surgical training of Colombian surgeons. These findings should alert professors, residents, and other interest groups to promote healthy educational environments and culture, which will reduce the prevalence of these behaviors.
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Humanos , Assédio Sexual , Bullying , Cirurgia Geral , Programas de Pós-Graduação em Saúde , Estresse OcupacionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Infertility increases stress and affects life quality. Mindfulness reduces stress and improves life quality, but its role in infertility remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of mindfulness on stress and quality of life of women with infertility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An exploratory clinical study was conducted in women under infertility treatment, together with an 8-week mindfulness intervention (MND) or only infertility treatment (CTRL). Anxiety and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at the end of intervention with IDARE and FertiQoL questionnaires respectively, as well as salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol concentrations. Non-parametric statistics was used for analysis using an alpha value of 0.10. RESULTS: 14 MND and 15 CTRL completed follow-up. At baseline, CTRL patients exhibited better quality of life than MND; anxiety scores correlated negatively with quality of life. At the end of intervention, cortisol concentrations (p = 0.097), and the increments of amylase (p = 0.039), were higher in CTRL than in MND. Increases in quality of life were associated with basal anxiety score (p = 0.002), improvements in tolerability (p < 0.001), and mindfulness intervention (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that mindfulness reduces stress and improves quality of life in women under infertility treatment.
ANTECEDENTES: La infertilidad incrementa el estrés y afecta la calidad de vida. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de mindfulness (atención plena) sobre la ansiedad, estrés y calidad de vida de mujeres infértiles. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio exploratorio en pacientes tratadas por infertilidad más una intervención de ocho semanas con mindfulness (grupo MND) o solo tratamiento de la infertilidad (grupo de control). Al inicio y después de ocho semanas se evaluaron la ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado), la calidad de vida (FertiQoL), y las concentraciones salivales de α-amilasa y cortisol. Se utilizó estadística no paramétrica, con α = 0.10. RESULTADOS: 14 mujeres del grupo MND y 15 del grupo de control completaron el seguimiento. Al inicio, las pacientes del grupo de control mostraron mejor calidad de vida; las puntuaciones de ansiedad correlacionaron negativamente con la calidad de vida. Al final, el incremento de cortisol (p = 0.097) y amilasa (p = 0.039) fueron mayores en el grupo de control. Los incrementos en la calidad de vida se asociaron a ansiedad basal (p = 0.002), incremento en la subescala tolerabilidad (p < 0.001) y mindfulness (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados sugieren que mindfulness disminuye el estrés y mejora la calidad de vida de pacientes bajo tratamiento de la infertilidad.
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Ansiedade , Hidrocortisona , Infertilidade Feminina , Atenção Plena , Qualidade de Vida , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Feminino , Atenção Plena/métodos , Adulto , Infertilidade Feminina/terapia , Infertilidade Feminina/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Ansiedade/terapia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , SeguimentosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: One of the markers of aging is oxidative stress, a condition characterized by an increase in free radicals concomitant with a reduction in antioxidant defenses. Within this, resveratrol is a compound that has been shown to act as a potent antioxidant. However, few studies highlight the cellular signaling pathways that are activated or inhibited during aging and that are responsible for this biological effect. AIM: To verify the antioxidant profile of resveratrol (5 µM) in leukocytes from donors in different age groups. METHODS: The project was approved by the Ethics Committee. Individuals were divided into three groups: 20-39, 40-59, and 60-80 years old. After separating the leukocytes, assays were performed to evaluate the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and Nrf2 (erythroid nuclear factor 2-related factor 2) pathways. In addition, luciferase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to evaluate transcription factor activation and Nrf2 expression, respectively. The analysis between age and treatment was performed using Pearson correlation (*P < 0.05). RESULTS: There was a reduction in the antioxidant effect of resveratrol during the aging process. In leukocytes from donors over 60 years of age, the AMPK pathway was silenced. Nrf2 was active at all ages. There was an increase in the activation of the transcription factor and phosphorylated protein in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nrf2 is an important biochemical mechanism responsible for the antioxidant effect of resveratrol. This effect diminishes with aging but is still observed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; â¢â¢: â¢â¢-â¢â¢.
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BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of concurrent isolated training (T) or training combined with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: Six-month-old male SHR were divided into sedentary (S, n = 12), concurrent training (T, n = 13), sedentary supplemented with NAC (SNAC, n = 13), and concurrent training with NAC supplementation (TNAC, n = 14) groups. T and TNAC rats were trained three times a week on a treadmill and ladder; NAC supplemented groups received 120 mg/kg/day NAC in rat chow for eight weeks. Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid hydroperoxide concentration were assessed by spectrophotometry. Gene expression of NADPH oxidase subunits Nox2, Nox4, p22 phox, and p47 phox was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn. RESULTS: Echocardiogram showed concentric remodeling in TNAC, characterized by increased relative wall thickness (S 0.40 ± 0.04; T 0.39 ± 0.03; SNAC 0.40 ± 0.04; TNAC 0.43 ± 0.04 *; * p < 0.05 vs T and SNAC) and diastolic posterior wall thickness (S 1.50 ± 0.12; T 1.52 ± 0.10; SNAC 1.56 ± 0.12; TNAC 1.62 ± 0.14 * mm; * p < 0.05 vs T), with improved contractile function (posterior wall shortening velocity: S 39.4 ± 5.01; T 36.4 ± 2.96; SNAC 39.7 ± 3.44; TNAC 41.6 ± 3.57 * mm/s; * p < 0.05 vs T). Myocardial lipid hydroperoxide concentration was lower in NAC treated groups (S 210 ± 48; T 182 ± 43; SNAC 159 ± 33 *; TNAC 110 ± 23 *# nmol/g tissue; * p < 0.05 vs S, # p < 0.05 vs T and SNAC). Nox 2 and p22 phox expression was higher and p47 phox lower in T than S [S 1.37 (0.66-1.66); T 0.78 (0.61-1.04) *; SNAC 1.07 (1.01-1.38); TNAC 1.06 (1.01-1.15) arbitrary units; * p < 0.05 vs S]. NADPH oxidase subunits did not differ between TNAC, SNAC, and S groups. CONCLUSION: N-acetylcysteine supplementation alone reduces oxidative stress in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats. The combination of N-acetylcysteine and concurrent exercise further decreases oxidative stress. However, the lower oxidative stress does not translate into improved cardiac remodeling and function in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Acetilcisteína , Hipertensão , NADPH Oxidases , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Remodelação Ventricular , Animais , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidases/genética , Ratos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Modelos Animais de Doenças , NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidase 2/genética , NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidase 4/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Miocárdio/patologia , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/prevenção & controle , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: Psychiatric disorders often emerge during late adolescence/early adulthood, a period with increased susceptibility to socioenvironmental factors that coincides with incomplete parvalbumin interneuron (PVI) development. Stress during this period causes functional loss of PVIs in the ventral hippocampus (vHip), which has been associated with dopamine system overdrive. This vulnerability persists until the appearance of perineuronal nets (PNNs) around PVIs. We assessed the long-lasting effects of adolescent or adult stress on behavior, ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity, and the number of PVIs and their associated PNNs in the vHip. Additionally, we tested whether PNN removal in the vHip of adult rats, proposed to reset PVIs to a juvenile-like state, would recreate an adolescent-like phenotype of stress susceptibility. Methods: Male rats underwent a 10-day stress protocol during adolescence or adulthood. Three to 4 weeks poststress, we evaluated behaviors related to anxiety, sociability, and cognition, ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity, and the number of PV+ and PNN+ cells in the vHip. Furthermore, adult animals received intra-vHip infusion of ChABC (chondroitinase ABC) to degrade PNNs before undergoing stress. Results: Unlike adult stress, adolescent stress induced anxiety responses, reduced sociability, cognitive deficits, ventral tegmental area dopamine system overdrive, and decreased PV+ and PNN+ cells in the vHip. However, intra-vHip ChABC infusion caused the adult stress to produce changes similar to the ones observed after adolescent stress. Conclusions: Our findings underscore adolescence as a period of heightened vulnerability to the long-lasting impact of stress and highlight the protective role of PNNs against stress-induced damage in PVIs.
In this work, we aimed to go deeper into understanding perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized extracellular matrix that evolves and protects inhibitory neurons in the brain, specifically parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs). PVIs are essential in regulating brain activity. PNNs only reach maturity in adulthood, which leaves these interneurons unprotected during early life. To investigate this vulnerability, we conducted experiments in which we exposed adolescent and adult animals to a stress protocol. We observed that adolescent animals exhibited a higher susceptibility to developing changes associated with psychiatric disorders later in life. This susceptibility may stem from the absence of PNN protection around their PVIs. To explore this possibility further, we administered an enzyme into a specific brain region, the ventral hippocampus, of adult animals to selectively remove PNNs and induce an adolescent-like state. When subjected to stress, these animals displayed abnormalities similar to those observed in animals stressed during adolescence. Our findings have significant implications, suggesting that the presence of PNN protection around PVIs may be critical for mitigating stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) display an overactive bladder (OAB). Intravascular hemolysis in SCD is associated with various severe SCD complications. However, no experimental studies have evaluated the effect of intravascular hemolysis on bladder function. This study aimed to assess the effects of intravascular hemolysis on the micturition process and the contractile mechanisms of the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) in a mouse model with phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced hemolysis; furthermore, it aimed to investigate the role of intravascular hemolysis in the dysfunction of nitric oxide (NO) signaling and in increasing oxidative stress in the bladder. Mice underwent a void spot assay, and DSM contractions were evaluated in organ baths. The PHZ group exhibited increased urinary frequency and increased void volumes. DSM contractile responses to carbachol, KCl, α-ß-methylene-ATP, and EFS were increased in the PHZ group. Protein expression of phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (Ser-1177), phosphorylated neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) (Ser-1417), and phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) (Ser-239) decreased in the bladder of the PHZ group. Protein expression of oxidative stress markers, NOX-2, 3-NT, and 4-HNE, increased in the bladder of the PHZ group. Our study shows that intravascular hemolysis promotes voiding dysfunction correlated with alterations in the NO signaling pathway in the bladder, as evidenced by reduced levels of p-eNOS (Ser-1177), nNOS (Ser-1417), and p-VASP (Ser-239). The study also showed that intravascular hemolysis increases oxidative stress in the bladder. Our study indicates that intravascular hemolysis promotes an OAB phenotype similar to those observed in patients and mice with SCD.
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Background: Mental disorders in university students are a growing attention problem in the international community due to their high prevalence and serious consequences. One possible reason is university students' difficulties in coping with stress. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process that, when combined with stress, can lead to the development of various disorders. We aim to determine the effect of stress and RNT on predicting various mental health syndromes in university students across 7 days. Method: Prospective observational study using Momentary Ecological Assessment (EMA) with the OURMIND Mobile App. On day one, 238 university students responded to the SCL-90R questionnaire for symptoms of depression, anxiety, hostility, obsession, psychoticism, paranoia, somatization, and interpersonal sensitivity; RNT styles questionnaires, RRS for rumination and negative reflection, PSWQ for worry; SISCO-II for term academic stress, and sociodemographic. EMA consisted of five assessments a day for 6 days; each time, the students answered items about academic and non-academic stress (EMA-stress), reactive RNT duration and intrusiveness (EMA-RNT process), and reactive RNT rumination, reflection, and worry (EMA-RNT content). On day eight, symptoms were re-assessed. Seven hierarchical stepwise linear regression models were used to test the predictive power of the study variables in the development of SCL-90R symptoms. Results: When comparing models, adding baseline symptoms increased the models' predictive power in all symptom groups. In most cases, including EMA-stress generated greater predictive power, except for paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity. Adding the EMA-RNT process increased the prediction of paranoia and obsessive symptoms; for hostility symptoms, RNT styles increased predictive power. For the final regression models, considering the initial symptoms, the EMA-RNT process predicted the progression of symptoms in six out of eight groups, while EMA-non-academic stress predicted the remaining two. Additionally, living with other relatives or friends was a predictor of depressive symptoms. Discussion: The stress of university life impacts the development of psychiatric symptoms in university students. These results provide evidence of RNT as a transdiagnostic process in several syndromic groups. Universal preventive programs should consider the impact of academic and non-academic stress on university students' mental health. Targeting RNT would also benefit selective preventive interventions.
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RATIONALE: Pharmacological treatments for depression are not always effective and produce unwanted side effects. Male and female sexual dysfunction is one of these side effects, which can lead to treatment withdrawal. Combination of two antidepressants with different mechanisms of action, like mirtazapine (MTZ) and venlafaxine (VLF) have been shown to be effective for treatment-resistant depression in humans. Combination of low doses of these drugs may still exert antidepressant-like effects without altering sexual behavior. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the potential antidepressant-like effect of the chronic administration of low doses of MTZ plus VLF combined, as well as its impact on male and female sexual behavior in rats. METHODS: The antidepressant-like effect of a 14-day treatment with combinations of MTZ plus VLF (0/0, 2.5/3.75 or 5/7.5 mg/kg) was assessed in young adult male and female rats in the forced swim test (FST). The 5/7.5 mg/kg MTZ/VLF combination was also tested in the chronic mild stress (CMS) test, in both males and females treated for 21 days. The sexual effects of this last treatment were assessed in sexually experienced males and in gonadally-intact females during proestrus. RESULTS: The 5/7.5 mg/kg MTZ/VLF combination produced an antidepressant-like effect in the FST and reversed the CMS-induced anhedonia in both male and female rats. This combination did not alter male sexual behavior, female proceptive and receptive behaviors or the regularity of the estrous cycle. CONCLUSION: The combination of low doses of MTZ and VLF might be a promising therapeutic alternative to treat depression without affecting the sexual response.
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Studies have shown that deficiencies in magnesium, selenium, and zinc in individuals with obesity compromise the endogenous antioxidant defense system. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mineral deficiency on enzymatic antioxidant defense in women with obesity. The study involved 63 women with obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and 77 eutrophic women (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2). Variables such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, and serum lipids were analyzed. Insulin resistance was measured using the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function using the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-ß). Dietary intake of energy, macronutrients (including magnesium, zinc, and selenium), and plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary concentrations of these minerals were measured and analyzed. Serum cortisol, plasma leptin, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and erythrocyte catalase were also analyzed. Women with obesity had reduced plasma and erythrocyte concentrations and greater urinary excretion of all minerals compared to normal weight women (p < 0.05). There was a positive association between erythrocyte concentrations of zinc and selenium and the activity of the GPX and SOD enzymes in erythrocytes in women with obesity (p < 0.05), in addition to a positive association between serum insulin and the enzyme GPX, which is dependent on dietary selenium (p < 0.05). Individuals with obesity are deficient in magnesium, selenium, and zinc, which appears to impair the antioxidant defense system and contribute to important metabolic disorders such as oxidative stress in these patients.
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the association of oxidative stress markers with sarcopenia in the general United States population under the age of 60. METHODS: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2011â2014 and performed Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) plots, weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis to calculate ratio ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals, and subgroup analysis based on age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index stratification to determine the association of markers of oxidative stress with the prevalence of sarcopenia. RESULTS: The present analysis included a total of 8,782 participants. Firstly, the RCS plots showed a roughly L-shaped curve association of total bilirubin and serum iron with a prevalence of sarcopenia. Secondly, albumin was negatively and linearly associated with the risk of sarcopenia. Finally, with the increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase, the prevalence of sarcopenia showed a trend of first rising and then declining as a result of the iron increase. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a nonlinear association between markers of oxidative stress and sarcopenia. The need to focus more on levels of oxidative stress in the body could provide better prevention strategies for sarcopenia.
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Biomarcadores , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estresse Oxidativo , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Sarcopenia/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Prevalência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Ferro/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Bilirrubina/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Etários , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Background: Dentists, who frequently encounter potentially infected patients, have experienced significant changes worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety and stress on the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), taking into account possible confounding variables, in Peruvian dental students during the post-pandemic period. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study assessed 607 Peruvian dental students from two regions of Peru. The study utilized the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the Short Form of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (SFAI). Possible confounding variables were sex, age, year of study, marital status, place of origin, area of residence, history of mental illness and living with people vulnerable to COVID-19. For the multivariable analysis, we utilized a Poisson regression model with an adjusted robust variance. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The rates of depression, anxiety, stress, fear of COVID-19 and temporomandibular disorders were 47.0%, 50.4%, 35.9%, 30.6% and 54.2%, respectively. Moreover, the study revealed that students with depression and anxiety were 38% and 75% more likely to have temporomandibular disorders compared to those without depression (APR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15-1.66) and anxiety (APR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.44-2.13), respectively. Similarly, the likelihood of presenting temporomandibular disorders was 55% higher in women than in men (APR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.28-1.87). Furthermore, we found that stress and fear of COVID-19 did not determine the development of temporomandibular disorders (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Almost half of the dental students experienced depression, anxiety and TMD in the post-pandemic period. In addition, depression and anxiety were influential factors in the occurrence of TMDs, with the female gender being a risk factor. However, factors such as fear of COVID-19, stress, age, year of study, marital status, place of origin, area of residence, history of mental illness or living with people vulnerable to COVID-19 were not significant.
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This study investigated the antitumoral, anti-inflammatory and oxidative effects of polysaccharides from tucum (Bactris setosa, TUC) using the Ehrlich carcinoma as a tumor model. Additionally, the glycogen content, cytochrome P levels, and gluconeogenesis from lactate were assessed in the liver of healthy animals. Tumor-bearing female mice were orally treated with 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 of TUC or vehicle, once a day, or with 1.5 mg.kg-1 methotrexate via i.p., every 3 days, along 21 days. Both doses of TUC reduced the tumor weight and volume. In the tumor tissue, it decreased GSH and IL-1ß levels, and increased LPO, NAG, NO and TNF-α levels. The tumor histology showed necrosis and leukocytes infiltration. The metabolic effects of TUC were investigated by measurement of total cytochrome P (CYP) and glycogen in tumor-bearing mice, and by ex vivo liver perfusion on non-bearing tumor male mice, using lactate as gluconeogenic precursor. Metabolically, the hepatic glucose and pyruvate productions, oxygen uptake, and the total CYP concentration were not modified by TUC. Thus, tucum-do-cerrado polysaccharides have antitumor effects through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation, without impairing glucose production from lactate in the liver, the main organ responsible for the metabolism of organic and xenobiotic compounds.
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Gluconeogênese , Fígado , Polissacarídeos , Animais , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/química , Camundongos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Gluconeogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas/química , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patologia , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of a Brazil nut-enriched diet on the wall thickness and the left ventricular chamber diameter of the heart, and lipid peroxidation in a CKD-induced model. METHODS: Male Wistar rats at 12 weeks of age were divided into two groups (n=16/group): the Nx group, which underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, and the Sham group, as a control. After 5 weeks, the groups were subdivided according to diet (n=8/group): the Nx and Sham groups received a control diet; the Nx5% and Sham5% groups received a diet enriched with 5â¯% Brazil nuts for 8 weeks. The left ventricular thickening and chamber diameter were determined. Plasma biochemical parameters were evaluated. Analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activity was performed in the plasma and the left ventricle (LV). LV mRNA expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The Nx5% group showed a remodeled LV wall with decreased thickness compared to the Nx group (p=0.016). Furthermore, LV TBARS concentration was reduced in the Nx5% group (p=0.0064). In addition, the Nx5% group showed an increase in plasma GPx activity (p=0.0431). No significant results were found concerning the LV mRNA expression of NF-κB and Nrf2 genes. CONCLUSIONS: A Brazil nut-enriched diet decreased LV thickness and LV TBARS concentration and increased GPx activity in a 5/6 nephrectomy experimental model, making it a promising adjuvant therapy to improve antioxidant status and cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease.