RESUMO
This study evaluated the effects and impact of a multicomponent positive psychology program for health promotion of retirees. A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was used, and the baseline and end of intervention evaluations were analyzed. The intervention consisted of six weekly group sessions for 2 h each. Eighty-eight retirees (females = 72) aged 49-86 (M = 65.66, SD = 7.53) from South Brazil took part in the study, 54 (females = 48) in the experimental group (M = 66.37 years old, SD = 7.42), and 34 (females = 24) waitlist controls (M = 64.53 years old, SD = 7.68). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the scales: Interpersonal Reactivity Index; 12-item General Health Questionnaire; Life Orientation Test-Revised;14-item Perceived Stress Scale; Resilience Scale; and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Mixed factorial ANOVA models revealed significant decrease in depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress levels, whereas improvement in life satisfaction and resilience was detected in the experimental group at the end of the program. No main effect was found for empathy and optimism. Interaction effects yielded significant difference between groups for measures of empathy, optimism, depression, and anxiety symptoms after the program. There was no significant interaction effect for the other outcome variables. The usefulness and applicability of this model of intervention to aid future health practices and policies are discussed. Contextual issues in the fields of health promotion and disease prevention in Brazil are also problematized.
RESUMO
Abstract This study evaluated the effects and impact of a multicomponent positive psychology program for health promotion of retirees. A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was used, and the baseline and end of intervention evaluations were analyzed. The intervention consisted of six weekly group sessions for 2 h each. Eighty-eight retirees (females = 72) aged 49-86 ( M = 65.66, SD = 7.53) from South Brazil took part in the study, 54 (females = 48) in the experimental group ( M = 66.37 years old, SD = 7.42), and 34 (females = 24) waitlist controls ( M = 64.53 years old, SD = 7.68). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the scales: Interpersonal Reactivity Index; 12-item General Health Questionnaire; Life Orientation Test-Revised;14-item Perceived Stress Scale; Resilience Scale; and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Mixed factorial ANOVA models revealed significant decrease in depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress levels, whereas improvement in life satisfaction and resilience was detected in the experimental group at the end of the program. No main effect was found for empathy and optimism. Interaction effects yielded significant difference between groups for measures of empathy, optimism, depression, and anxiety symptoms after the program. There was no significant interaction effect for the other outcome variables. The usefulness and applicability of this model of intervention to aid future health practices and policies are discussed. Contextual issues in the fields of health promotion and disease prevention in Brazil are also problematized.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aposentadoria/psicologia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Resilience can be described as the capacity to deal with adversity and traumatic events. The current economic situation in Suriname and its social economic consequences may demand a great amount of resilience for people living in Suriname. In this explorative study, we examined the relation between strengths and resilience among the three major ethnic groups in Suriname. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants. We sought to gather viewpoints from community representatives, health care professionals and academic scholars about the personal resources used by people in Suriname to help them deal with the consequences of the current socio-economic crisis. RESULTS: We identified major five strengths that were associated with resilience: religiousness, hope, harmony, acceptance and perseverance. While these strengths contribute to the development of resilience, they can under certain circumstances have an ambiguous influence. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that religiousness is the bedrock strength for the development of resilience in Suriname. We recommend that future positive psychological interventions in non-Western countries integrate positive activities with religious elements into program interventions to achieve a better cultural fit.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Recessão Econômica , Resiliência Psicológica , Virtudes , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Suriname , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El presente trabajo trata de favorecer la reflexión, desde la psicología educacional, sobre la respuesta a las necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo de los alumnos y alumnas con Altas Capacidades Intelectuales. Tras una breve exposición sobre las características de este tipo de alumnado, se realiza un análisis de caso con el que establecer la relación entre la evaluación psicoeducativa y la intervención psicopedagógica. Desde la labor de los psicólogos de la educación (interviniendo en todos los procesos psicológicos que afectan al aprendizaje o que se derivan de este) y otros colegas que actúan en el ámbito educativo, se buscaría, en última instancia, relacionar los objetivos de cualquier intervención psicoeducativa: la valoración diagnóstica y la planificación de la intervención pedagógica dentro de la atención a la diversidad desarrollada en el sistema educativo español.
The following paper aims to promote an educational psychology-based reflection on the response to those specific educational needs required by students with high intellectual abilities. After a brief discussion on the characterization of this kind of student, a single-case study is developed in order to establish a relationship between psycho-educational assessments and educational psychology interventions. The work of educational psychologists (intervening in all the psychological processes affecting learning or resulted therefrom) and other acting colleagues in the educational field would ultimately seek to relate the objectives of any psychoeducational intervention: diagnostic assessment and educational intervention planning within the diversity emphasis developed on the Spanish educational system.
Assuntos
Masculino , Humanos , Criança , Criança Superdotada/educação , Avaliação das Necessidades , Psicologia Educacional/métodos , Criança Superdotada/psicologia , Ajustamento Social , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Este artigo se propõe, a partir da perspectiva histórico-cultural, apresentar uma experiência de intervenção de Psicologia da saúde, em uma sala de espera de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na cidade de Uberlândia/MG. Trata-se de estranhar os olhares e, onde parece haver apenas um agrupamento de pessoas, de realizar uma roda de conversa semanal mediada por estagiários de Psicologia, construindo encontros e saberes que potencializam o cuidado dos sujeitos consigo mesmos e com os outros. Tendo uma compreensão teórico-prática baseada na indissociabilidade entre ética, estética e afetividade, investimos em grupos que ativassem a vida, com o intuito de desprender os sujeitos dos automatismos do cotidiano, em um movimento de descristalização dos sentidos acerca de si mesmo e dos outros. Os resultados apontam a promoção da saúde na medida em que (re)ativam potências, articulam vivências, geram reflexões, sensações e (re)significações...
This article presents a practical experience in health psychology, based on a historic and cultural approach, which was held in a Family Care Centre waiting room in Uberlândia/MG. The article refers to the change of views and to understand differently this place, through a weekly group of psychology students, making up meetings and knowledge that create opportunities of self care and care to others. With a theoretical and methodological approach based on ethical, aesthetics and affectivity associated, we have worked with these groups to create opportunities of life movement, with the intent of modifying everyday life based on an automatic existence, in a movement of decrystallization meanings about their existence and about others existences. The results point to the promotion of health in that they (re)activate powers, articulate experiences, generate thoughts, sensations and (re)significations...
Este artículo intenta, por medio de una perspectiva histórico-cultural, presentar una experiencia de intervención en Psicología de la salud que ocurrió en una sala de espera de una Unidad Básica de Salud en la ciudad de Uberlândia/MG. La propuesta es mirar de diferentes formas y en el que parece ser sólo un grupo de personas, hacer una rueda de conversación semanal mediada por estudiantes de Psicología construyendo encuentros y conocimientos que fomenten los cuidados de los sujetos con ellos mismos y con los otros. Con una comprensión teórico-práctica basada en la inseparabilidad de la ética, la estética y la afectividad, apostamos en los grupos que activen la vida, con la pretensión de despegar los sujetos de los automatismos del día a día, en un sentido de movimiento de desconstrucción de los sentidos sobre si mismo y los otros. Los resultados apuntan para la promoción de la salud mientras (re) activan potencias, articulan vivencias, generan pensamientos, sensaciones y (re) significaciones...
Assuntos
Humanos , Afeto , Estética , Ética , Centros de Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Psicologia , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
Este artigo se propõe, a partir da perspectiva histórico-cultural, apresentar uma experiência de intervenção de Psicologia da saúde, em uma sala de espera de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na cidade de Uberlândia/MG. Trata-se de estranhar os olhares e, onde parece haver apenas um agrupamento de pessoas, de realizar uma roda de conversa semanal mediada por estagiários de Psicologia, construindo encontros e saberes que potencializam o cuidado dos sujeitos consigo mesmos e com os outros. Tendo uma compreensão teórico-prática baseada na indissociabilidade entre ética, estética e afetividade, investimos em grupos que ativassem a vida, com o intuito de desprender os sujeitos dos automatismos do cotidiano, em um movimento de descristalização dos sentidos acerca de si mesmo e dos outros. Os resultados apontam a promoção da saúde na medida em que (re)ativam potências, articulam vivências, geram reflexões, sensações e (re)significações.(AU)
This article presents a practical experience in health psychology, based on a historic and cultural approach, which was held in a Family Care Centre waiting room in Uberlândia/MG. The article refers to the change of views and to understand differently this place, through a weekly group of psychology students, making up meetings and knowledge that create opportunities of self care and care to others. With a theoretical and methodological approach based on ethical, aesthetics and affectivity associated, we have worked with these groups to create opportunities of life movement, with the intent of modifying everyday life based on an automatic existence, in a movement of decrystallization meanings about their existence and about others existences. The results point to the promotion of health in that they (re)activate powers, articulate experiences, generate thoughts, sensations and (re)significations.(AU)
Este artículo intenta, por medio de una perspectiva histórico-cultural, presentar una experiencia de intervención en Psicología de la salud que ocurrió en una sala de espera de una Unidad Básica de Salud en la ciudad de Uberlândia/MG. La propuesta es mirar de diferentes formas y en el que parece ser sólo un grupo de personas, hacer una rueda de conversación semanal mediada por estudiantes de Psicología construyendo encuentros y conocimientos que fomenten los cuidados de los sujetos con ellos mismos y con los otros. Con una comprensión teórico-práctica basada en la inseparabilidad de la ética, la estética y la afectividad, apostamos en los grupos que activen la vida, con la pretensión de despegar los sujetos de los automatismos del día a día, en un sentido de movimiento de desconstrucción de los sentidos sobre si mismo y los otros. Los resultados apuntan para la promoción de la salud mientras (re) activan potencias, articulan vivencias, generan pensamientos, sensaciones y (re) significaciones.(AU)