RESUMO
Although the Atoyac River has been classified as highly polluted by environmental authorities, several communities are settled on its banks, affecting around 1.5 million persons, as well as farmland, due to an environmental distribution of toxics in the area. Our aim was to demonstrate that this environment affects important physiological processes that have an impact in health, so we conducted a study of schoolchildren from small communities on the banks of the river and in another similar town located far from it. 91 and 93 students, boys and girls, were studied from each site for oxidative stress index (OSI), calculated from the total antioxidant capacity and the total oxidative status, BTEX metabolite excretion and relevant metabolic polymorphisms participating in the bioactivation-detoxification of most VOC: CYP2E1 RsaI, NQO1 C609T, and null polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1. Results showed that OSI was significantly higher in children living by the river (5.23 ± 3.4 vs 2.59 ± 1.46, 95% C.I.). At this site, OSI was correlated with diminished metabolite excretion and a diminished antioxidant capacity; an association with genotypes CYP2E1RsaI (c2c2), GSTT1 present and NQO1*2 (CC) was also observed. Furthermore, boys at this site exhibited a diminished BMI compared to boys from the other community who were younger. IN CONCLUSION: children living at polluted sites like this, show early biological effects that might lead to health problems in their adult life. Environmental protection should be enforced to protect people's health in these sites where not even environmental monitoring is done. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:639-652, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Resíduos Industriais/efeitos adversos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/urina , Poluentes da Água/metabolismo , Poluentes da Água/urina , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Genótipo , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Humanos , Inativação Metabólica , Resíduos Industriais/análise , Masculino , México , Polimorfismo Genético , Rios/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/efeitos adversos , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Poluentes da Água/efeitos adversos , Poluentes da Água/análiseRESUMO
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Bacillus spp. from polluted freshwater has been poorly addressed. The objective of this research was to determine the diversity and enzymatic potentialities of Bacillus spp. strains isolated from the Almendares River. Bacilli strains from a polluted river were characterized by considering the production of extracellular enzymes using API ZYM. 14 strains were selected and identified using 16S rRNA, gyrB and aroE genes. Genotypic diversity of the Bacillus spp. strains was evaluated using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the presence of genetic determinants of potential virulence toxins of the Bacillus cereus group and proteinaceous crystal inclusions of Bacillus thuringiensis was determined. 10 strains were identified as B. thuringiensis, two as Bacillus megaterium, one as Bacillus pumilus and one as Bacillus subtilis. Most strains produced proteases, amylases, phosphatases, esterases, aminopeptidases and glucanases, which reflect the abundance of biopolymeric matter in Almendares River. Comparison of the typing results revealed a spatio-temporal distribution among B. thuringiensis strains along the river. The results of the present study highlight the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Bacillus spp. strains from a polluted river, which contributes to the knowledge of genetic diversity of Bacilli from tropical polluted freshwater ecosystems.
Assuntos
Bacillus/classificação , Bacillus/enzimologia , Bacillus/isolamento & purificação , Biodiversidade , Ecossistema , Água Doce/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Bacillus/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Toxinas Bacterianas/análise , Cuba , DNA Girase/genética , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Ensaios Enzimáticos , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Genótipo , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Rios/microbiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Virulência/genética , Poluição da ÁguaRESUMO
Neste estudo reportamos pela primeira vez a ocorrência de larvas de Chironomus inquinatus Correia, Trivinho-Strixino & Michailova vivendo no casco do cágado Phrynops geoffroanus Schweigger, possivelmente em função da intensa acumulação de sedimento, em um rio poluído da região Neotropical.
In this study we report for the first time the occurrence of Chironomus inquinatus larvae Correia, Trivinho-Strixino & Michailova living on the shell of the side-necked turtle, Phrynops geoffroanus Schweigger, possibly by the intense accumulation of sediment, in a polluted river of the Neotropics.