RESUMO

Conhecer as Redes Sociais Pessoais (RSP) dos sujeitos permite compreender como estas podem atuar: fontes de saúde ou doença, especialmente em contextos de vulnerabilidade social e violência, em que a (in)existência dessas redes são ainda mais cruciais no enfrentamento dos fenômenos. Objetivando conhecer as RSP de mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social e seus impactos nas vivências de violências interpessoais atuais, construiu-se o presente estudo. Com metodologia qualitativa, de estudo de casos múltiplos e caráter transversal, esta pesquisa entrevistou nove mulheres, atendidas em Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) de uma cidade da região metropolitana de uma capital no Sul do Brasil. Neste estudo foram analisados, a partir da triangulação de dados e síntese dos casos cruzados, os dados provenientes dos mapas de RSP das participantes, genograma e da entrevista sobre as vivências atuais de violência. Os resultados sugerem as ausências vividas, econômicas e vinculares, especialmente no quadrante trabalho, impactando nos acessos sociais e de renda. O CRAS atuou como importante fonte de acesso a novos contatos e de ajuda material e de serviços. A RSP das entrevistadas se mostrou frágil no suporte às vivências de violência, demonstrando a importância de políticas públicas que invistam no incremento dessas redes e proteções.

To know the Personal Social Network (PSN) of the participants allow us to comprehend if they can act as sources of health or disease, especially in contexts of social vulnerability and violence when the in/existence of those networks are even more crucial for facing this phenomenon. This study aimed to understand the PSN of women in social vulnerability situation and their impacts on the recent interpersonal violence experiences. With qualitative methodology, of multiple cases study and cross-sectional character, this research interviewed nine women accompanied followed up at a public local social service unit in a metropolitan town located in the South of Brazil. In this study, were analyzed, from data triangulation and crossed-case synthesis, the data collected from the participants PSN maps, genogram and interviews about nowadays violence experiences. The results suggest that absences, economical and relational, especially related to the job quadrant, impacting on social and income access. The local social service unit acted as an important source of new contacts access and material/services care. The interviewees' PSN emerged as fragile regarding violence experiences, showing the relevance of public policies that invest in increasing these healthy networks and protections.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine if household food insecurity (HFI) is associated with the risk of developmental delays. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of children under 2 years old. Risk of developmental delays was assessed with the Denver Developmental Screening Test II. HFI was measured with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between HFI (food secure/insecure) and risk of developmental delays, adjusting for household, maternal and child variables. SETTING: Community Health Centers in the Federal District, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: 1004 children under 2 years old. RESULTS: Among participants, 15 % were at risk of developmental delays and about 40 % of children lived in food-insecure households. HFI was associated with the risk of developmental delays (adjusted OR 2·61; 95 % CI 1·42, 4·80) compared with food-secure households after adjusting for key confounders. CONCLUSIONS: HFI was strongly associated with the risk of developmental delays in children under 2 years. Investments that prevent or mitigate HFI are likely to be key for improved human and national development.

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Family and community social networks act as social resources that promote well-being at advanced ages. In this study, we analyze the association between social support received from personal social networks (social support from various family members and friends) and community social networks (social support from neighbors and the neighborhood, age, ethnic, or religious group peers and formal social support networks) and quality of life (QoL) for a sample of older Chilean persons (n = 777). The results confirm that social support from family (partner, children, and extended family) and friends, integration in the community (neighbors) and social support from informal systems (social groups) are associated with QoL. Moreover, the model including both types of support explains 25.8% of variance in QoL. The results and their possible implications are discussed.

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between catch-up growth of full-term, small for gestational age (SGA) children and their neurobehavioral development. STUDY DESIGN: Data were obtained from a population-based nationwide Japanese longitudinal survey that started in 2001. Study participants were full-term children with information on height at 2 years of age (n = 32 533). Catch-up growth for SGA infants was defined as achieving a height at 2 years of age of more than -2.0 standard deviations for chronological age. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the associations of SGA and catch-up growth status with neurobehavioral development at 2.5 and 8 years of age, adjusting for potential infant- and parent-related confounding factors. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of term SGA infants failed to catch up in height. At 2.5 years of age, SGA children without catch-up growth were more likely to be unable to climb stairs (OR, 10.42; 95% CI, 5.55-19.56) and unable to compose a 2-word sentence (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.81-7.08) compared with children with normal growth at birth. Furthermore, SGA children without catch-up growth were at increased risk for aggressive behaviors (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.19-12.47) at 8 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous follow-up for full-term SGA infants with failure of catch-up growth or poor postnatal growth may be beneficial for early detection and intervention for behavioral problems.

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En la actualidad, las plataformas virtuales (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, entre otras) han impactado en la cotidianeidad generando cambios en las interacciones personales y los patrones de relación. Generalmente, los usuarios de estas plataformas son adolescentes donde lo virtual se hace parte de la construcción de identidad y pertenencia al grupo de pares. El objetivo del trabajo es comprender las dinámicas de la cibercultura adolescente a través de la indagación en redes personales y virtuales de cuatro adolescentes de Mendoza-Argentina. Se escogió el estudio de caso, seleccionándose 4 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años. Las herramientas utilizadas fueron: cuestionario administrado a través del software Egonet, observación de la plataforma virtual que utiliza el participante y entrevista semidirigida como modalidad corroborativa de los datos. Los resultados aportan reflexiones para reflexionar en la cibercultura adolescente, resultando arduo diferenciar lo virtual de lo cara a cara y/o online de lo offline. Existe una gran interacción de los adolescentes en las redes virtuales, pueden identificar a sus seguidores y escoger las maneras de exponerse socialmente. Los familiares tienen un rol secundario, tanto en las redes personales y virtuales. Por último, las plataformas virtuales Instagram y Snapchat tienen mayor protagonismo entre las indagadas.

Nowadays, virtual platforms (such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, amongst others) have a great impact on everyday life, generating changes in people´s interactions and relationship patterns. Usually, teenagers are the main users of these platforms, where the virtual becomes part of the construction of identity and peer group dynamics. The objective of this study was to understand the dynamics of teenage cyberculture through the investigation of personal and virtual networks of four teenagers in Mendoza, Argentina. A case study method was chosen, where four adolescents between 15 and 17 years old were chosen as participants. The study applies the following tools: a questionnaire administered through the Egonet software, the observation of the social network most frequently used by the subject and a semi-structured interview. The results lead us to reflect on a teen cyberculture in which peer relationships are virtualized, making it difficult to differentiate between online and offline. There is a great interaction between teenagers in virtual networks, where they can identify their followers and choose the way in which they socially expose themselves. Family bonds play a secondary role in both personal and virtual social networks. Furthermore, Instagram and Snapchat were found to be more popular amongst teenagers, rather than the others.

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Disminuir la variabilidad en las estrategias utilizadas para evaluar, detectar tempranamente y hacer el enfoque inicial de alteraciones del desarrollo en niños menores de 5 años. Recomendar la mejor estrategia para promover el desarrollo adecuado en niños menores de 5 años. Proponer al personal de salud los mejores instrumentos disponibles, de acuerdo con la evidencia, para la tamización de alteraciones del desarrollo en niños menores de 5 años. Orientar al personal de salud del nivel primario de atención sobre el enfoque inicial de un niño menor de 5 años en quien se detectan alteraciones en el desarrollo

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Este estudo exploratório analisa as redes sociais pessoais da geração mais velha em famílias com quatro gerações vivas. Foi administrado um questionário de análise das redes sociais pessoais (IARSP-R) a 23 respondentes, pertencentes à geração mais velha (G1). Os principais resultados sugerem redes de tamanho médio, densas, homogéneas e centradas na família. O subsistema geracional contíguo (G2) providencia a maior parte do suporte, com contributos diferenciados das restantes gerações.(AU)

This exploratory study analysis the social personal networks of the oldest generation in families with four living generations. A questionnaire to analyse the personal social network (IARSP-R) was administered to 23 participants, from the oldest generation (G1). Main findings show medium size networks, cohesive, homogeneous and family centred. The contiguous generational subsystem (G2) provides most of the support, with differentiated contributes from the other generations.(AU)

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Este estudo analisa as redes sociais pessoais de indivíduos pertencentes a famílias com elementos em quatro gerações. Os dados foram recolhidos através do IARSP-R, administrado a 92 indivíduos, pertencentes a 23 famílias multigeracionais. Os principais resultados indicam que: existem diferenças nas características estruturais/morfológicas da rede consoante as gerações; os conteúdos funcionais/suporte da rede mantêm-se a partir da idade adulta; a contiguidade geracional reveste-se de grande importância nas famílias multigeracionais.(AU)

This study analyzes the personal social networks of individuals belonging to families with members in four generations. Data were collected through IARSP-R, administered to 92 individuals from 23 multigenerational families. The main results indicate that: there are differences in morphology/structural characteristics of the network depending on the generations; functional content/network support remain from adulthood; generational contiguity assume great importance in multigenerational families.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo analisa as redes sociais pessoais de indivíduos pertencentes a famílias com elementos em quatro gerações. Os dados foram recolhidos através do IARSP-R, administrado a 92 indivíduos, pertencentes a 23 famílias multigeracionais. Os principais resultados indicam que: existem diferenças nas características estruturais/morfológicas da rede consoante as gerações; os conteúdos funcionais/suporte da rede mantêm-se a partir da idade adulta; a contiguidade geracional reveste-se de grande importância nas famílias multigeracionais.

This study analyzes the personal social networks of individuals belonging to families with members in four generations. Data were collected through IARSP-R, administered to 92 individuals from 23 multigenerational families. The main results indicate that: there are differences in morphology/structural characteristics of the network depending on the generations; functional content/network support remain from adulthood; generational contiguity assume great importance in multigenerational families.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo exploratório analisa as redes sociais pessoais da geração mais velha em famílias com quatro gerações vivas. Foi administrado um questionário de análise das redes sociais pessoais (IARSP-R) a 23 respondentes, pertencentes à geração mais velha (G1). Os principais resultados sugerem redes de tamanho médio, densas, homogéneas e centradas na família. O subsistema geracional contíguo (G2) providencia a maior parte do suporte, com contributos diferenciados das restantes gerações.

This exploratory study analysis the social personal networks of the oldest generation in families with four living generations. A questionnaire to analyse the personal social network (IARSP-R) was administered to 23 participants, from the oldest generation (G1). Main findings show medium size networks, cohesive, homogeneous and family centred. The contiguous generational subsystem (G2) provides most of the support, with differentiated contributes from the other generations.

Assuntos