RESUMO
This research paper aimed to evaluate the role of inulin as a fat replacer on the quality of Frescal sheep milk cheese. Sheep milk and its derivatives are a promising niche in the dairy industry, mainly due to increasing interest of consumers in diversified products. Three Frescal sheep milk cheese formulations, namely whole milk cheese (WMC), semi-skimmed cheese (SSC) and semi-skimmed cheese with 5 g/100 g inulin (SSCI) were prepared. Their composition was evaluated and the feasibility of using inulin as a fat substitute was investigated. SSC and SSCI were considered 'reduced fat' or 'reduced calorie' products. The addition of inulin to SSCI cheeses yielded textural parameters (firmness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess) with intermediate characteristics between SSC and WMC. All the formulations presented scores higher than 7.6 in sensory analysis. In conclusion, the use of inulin in semi-skimmed sheep cheese allowed the production of cheese with texturizing properties similar to whole milk sheep cheese, enabling the development of a foodstuff with lower caloric content and beneficial characteristics valued by consumers.
Assuntos
Queijo/análise , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Inulina/análise , Leite/química , Ovinos , Animais , Brasil , Dieta com Restrição de Gorduras , Ingestão de Energia , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , SensaçãoRESUMO
Sheep milk is the third most consumed milk in Brazil. It is much appreciated for its nutritional status and is important for children that have problems with cow milk. Little information is known about the chemical, physical and microbiological composition of sheep milk from South Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe chemical and microbiological characteristics of sheep milk produced on two rural properties located in southern Brazil (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul). The chemical composition of sheep milk was 17.32 g/100 g total solids, 5.86 g/100 g total protein, 4.46 g/100 g casein, 1.08 g/100 g whey protein, 7.28 g/100 g fat, 0.93 g/100 g ash, and 3.41 g/100 g lactose. High somatic cell count (1.7x106 cells/mL), total mesophilic bacterias (16.0x106 CFU/mL) and psychrotrophics (5.8x106 CFU/mL) were observed. Growth of Staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteria and coliforms occurred in 100% of the samples, and 45% of the samples showed growth of Escherichia coli. The sheep milk physical-chemical and microbiology parameters are similar to those presented in the literature for other countries but somatic cell count presented high levels.
O leite de ovelha é o terceiro mais consumido no Brasil, e é muito apreciado devido ao seu aspecto nutricional. Pouca informação a respeito da composição química e microbiológica do leite de ovelha no Brasil é conhecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o leite ovino produzido em duas propriedades rurais localizadas no Sul do Brasil (Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul). A composição química do leite de ovelha foi 17,32 g/100 g de sólidos totais; 5,86 g/100 g de proteína total; 4,46 g/100 g de caseína; 1,08 g/100 g de soro proteico; 7,28 g/100 g de gordura; 0,93 g/100 g de cinzas e 3.41 g/100 g de lactose. Altas contagens de células somáticas (1,7x106 células/mL), bactérias mesófilas (16,0 x106 UFC/mL) e psicrotróficos (5,8x106 UFC/mL) foram observadas. Multiplicação de Staphylococcus aureus, enterobactérias e coliformes ocorreu em 100% das amostras, 45% de amostras apresentou multiplicação de Escherichia coli. Os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos do leite ovino deste estudo são semelhantes a literatura para outros países, porém, a contagem de células somáticas foi elevada.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Leite/química , Leite/microbiologia , Brasil , Bactérias/classificação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Queijo/análise , Queijo/microbiologia , Mastite , OvinosRESUMO
Los enterococos son constituyentes de la microflora de quesos artesanales y contribuyen a sus características organolépticas. También producen enterocinas que pueden prevenir el crecimiento de patógenos alimentarios. En este estudio se aislaron 27 cepas de enterococos a partir de leche y queso ovinos provenientes de la Patagonia (Argentina) y se investigó la producción de bacteriocinas. De las 27 cepas aisladas, 22 cepas de Enterococcus faecium y 1 cepa de E. faecalis inhibieron el crecimiento de Listeria innocua ATCC 33090. E. faecium Tw6 mostró la mayor actividad antimicrobiana entre las cepas estudiadas y se seleccionó con el propósito de caracterizar el principio activo y su espectro de inhibición. La tripsina abolió la actividad antilisteria, lo que sugiere que el compuesto activo es de naturaleza proteica; resultó ser estable al calor, resistente al pH y permaneció estable durante más de 12 meses. La masa molecular determinada mediante electroforesis fue aproximadamente de 5,6 KDa. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) mostró la presencia de múltiples secuencias de enterocinas (entA, entB, entP y entL50A/B). Las características físico-químicas y bioquímicas de las enterocinas producidas por E. faecium Tw6 las convierten en potenciales candidatas para ser utilizadas en la conservación de alimentos.
Enterococci are part of the microflora of artisan type cheese and contribute to their organoleptic characteristics. They also produce enterocins which can prevent the growth of food pathogens. In this study 27 enterococci strains were isolated from ovine milk and cheese produced at the Argentine Patagonia and they were investigated regarding their bacteriocin production. Of the 27 strains isolated. 22 Enterococcus faecium and one E. faecalis inhibited the growth of Listeria innocua ATCC 33090; E. faecium Tw6 showed the highest antimicrobial activity among the strains studied and it was selected with the purpose of characterizing the active principle and its inhibition spectrum. Trypsin abolished antilisteria activity, which suggests that the active component has a protein nature; it was heat stable, pH resistant, and it remained stable during more than 12 months. The molecular mass determined by electrophoresis was approximately 5.6 KDa. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed the presence of multiple enterocin sequences (entA, entP, and ent50A/B). The physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of the enterocins produced by E. faecium Tw6 identify them as a potential candidates for use in food preservation.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the lactation persistency and milk composition in East Friesian and Lacaune dairy ewes. Twenty one East Friesian and forty six Lacaune ewes on 44±7.2 days in milk (DIM) were used in a rotational system grazing paddocks of Panicum maximum jacq. cv. 'Aruana'. Milk yield (MY) was measured every four days throughout the experiment (92 days). Milk samples for composition analysis were collected on days 1, 25, 50, 75, and 92. The best fit prediction equations for MY were MY=1.42-0.02* DIM, r²;=0.20 for East Friesian; and MY=2.03-0.08* DIM, r²;=0.22 for Lacaune. At the beginning of the experimental period Lacaune MY was 30% higher. Lacaune ewes showed lower persistency and higher milk yield (1.67 vs. 1.35kg day-1, P 0.001), milk fat yield (114.80 vs. 102.85g day-1, P 0.001) and protein yield (82.82 vs. 73.10g day-1, P 0.001). East Friesian ewes had greater milk fat (7.31 vs. 6.86%, P 0.0008) and protein concentrations (5.18 vs. 4.93%, P 0.001). Overall, the East Friesian ewes showed more persistency than Lacaune, but the milk yield and milk yield composition was greater in Lacaune.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a persistência da lactação e a composição do leite em ovelhas leiteiras das raças East Friesian e Lacaune. Foram usadas 21 ovelhas East Friesian e 46 ovelhas Lacaune com 44±7,2 dias em lactação (DEL), mantidas em pastagem de Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. 'Aruana' em um sistema rotacionado. A produção de leite (PL) foi medida a cada quatro dias durante todo o período experimental (92 dias). Amostras de leite foram coletadas no 17°, 25°, 50°, 75° e 92° dia. As equações descrevendo a lactação foram diferentes (East Friesian: PL=1,42-0,02 * DEL, r²;=0,20; Lacaune: PL=2,03-0,08 * DEL, r²=0,22). Ao início do período experimental, a produção de leite das ovelhas Lacaune foi 30% superior. As ovelhas Lacaune apresentaram menor persistência, maiores produções de leite (1,67 vs. 1,35kg dia-1, P 0,001), de gordura (114,80 vs. 102,85g dia-1, P 0,001) e de proteína (82,82 vs. 73,10g dia-1, P 0,001). As ovelhas East Friesian apresentaram maiores teores de gordura (7,31 vs. 6,86%, P 0,0008) e proteína (5,18 vs. 4,93%, P 0,001). No geral, as ovelhas East Friesian mostraram maior persistência, mas a produção de leite e componentes do leite foram maiores para as ovelhas Lacaune.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the lactation persistency and milk composition in East Friesian and Lacaune dairy ewes. Twenty one East Friesian and forty six Lacaune ewes on 44±7.2 days in milk (DIM) were used in a rotational system grazing paddocks of Panicum maximum jacq. cv. 'Aruana'. Milk yield (MY) was measured every four days throughout the experiment (92 days). Milk samples for composition analysis were collected on days 1, 25, 50, 75, and 92. The best fit prediction equations for MY were MY=1.42-0.02* DIM, r²;=0.20 for East Friesian; and MY=2.03-0.08* DIM, r²;=0.22 for Lacaune. At the beginning of the experimental period Lacaune MY was 30% higher. Lacaune ewes showed lower persistency and higher milk yield (1.67 vs. 1.35kg day-1, P 0.001), milk fat yield (114.80 vs. 102.85g day-1, P 0.001) and protein yield (82.82 vs. 73.10g day-1, P 0.001). East Friesian ewes had greater milk fat (7.31 vs. 6.86%, P 0.0008) and protein concentrations (5.18 vs. 4.93%, P 0.001). Overall, the East Friesian ewes showed more persistency than Lacaune, but the milk yield and milk yield composition was greater in Lacaune.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a persistência da lactação e a composição do leite em ovelhas leiteiras das raças East Friesian e Lacaune. Foram usadas 21 ovelhas East Friesian e 46 ovelhas Lacaune com 44±7,2 dias em lactação (DEL), mantidas em pastagem de Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. 'Aruana' em um sistema rotacionado. A produção de leite (PL) foi medida a cada quatro dias durante todo o período experimental (92 dias). Amostras de leite foram coletadas no 17°, 25°, 50°, 75° e 92° dia. As equações descrevendo a lactação foram diferentes (East Friesian: PL=1,42-0,02 * DEL, r²;=0,20; Lacaune: PL=2,03-0,08 * DEL, r²=0,22). Ao início do período experimental, a produção de leite das ovelhas Lacaune foi 30% superior. As ovelhas Lacaune apresentaram menor persistência, maiores produções de leite (1,67 vs. 1,35kg dia-1, P 0,001), de gordura (114,80 vs. 102,85g dia-1, P 0,001) e de proteína (82,82 vs. 73,10g dia-1, P 0,001). As ovelhas East Friesian apresentaram maiores teores de gordura (7,31 vs. 6,86%, P 0,0008) e proteína (5,18 vs. 4,93%, P 0,001). No geral, as ovelhas East Friesian mostraram maior persistência, mas a produção de leite e componentes do leite foram maiores para as ovelhas Lacaune.