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The aim of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity (PA), both occupational (OPA) and during leisure time (LTPA), with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in Chilean adults. 5,157 participants from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010 were included in this study. OPA and LTPA levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. The association between both PA with obesity and cardiovascular risk factors was determined using logistic regression. Our findings showed a significant trend between higher LTPA and lower odds for obesity (OR 0.64 [95% CI: 0.53; 0.76], central obesity 0.52 [0.44; 0.61]) and other cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes (OR: 0.72 [0.55; 0.94]), hypertension (OR: 0.59 [0.50; 0.71]) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.62 [0.50; 0.78]). In contrast, OPA was only associated with lower odds of diabetes (OR: 0.79 [0.65; 0.98]) and hypertension (0.85 [0.74; 0.98]). In conclusion, LTPA was associated with a lower risk of all major cardiovascular risk factors, whereas OPA was only associated with a lower risk of diabetes and hypertension.

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BACKGROUND: Low back pain is a highly prevalent and disabling musculoskeletal disorder. Physical activity is widely used as a prevention strategy for numerous musculoskeletal disorders; however, there is still conflicting evidence as to whether physical activity is a protective or risk factor for low back pain or whether activity levels differ between people with and without low back pain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between low back pain and different types (occupational and leisure) and intensities (moderate and vigorous) of physical activity. METHODS: This is cross-sectional observational study. We included in this study a total of 1059 individuals recruited from a Spanish twin registry with data available on low back pain. OUTCOME: Self-reported leisure and occupational physical activity were the explanatory variables. The low back pain outcome used in this study was recurrent low back pain. RESULTS: Our results indicate that leisure physical activity is associated with a lower prevalence of recurrent low back pain. In contrast, occupational physical activity, such as carrying, lifting heavy weight while inclined, awkward postures (e.g. bending, twisting, squatting, and kneeling) are associated with a higher prevalence of recurrent low back pain. There was no statistically significant association between other occupational physical activities, such as sitting or standing, and low back pain. CONCLUSION: Leisure and occupational physical activity are likely to have an opposed impact on low back pain. While leisure physical activity appears to be protective, occupational physical activity appears to be harmful to low back pain. Future longitudinal studies should assist in formulating guidelines addressing specific types and intensity of physical activity aimed at effectively preventing low back pain.

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A atividade física (AF) regular é considerada hábito de vida saudável por reduzir o risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Entretanto, há poucos estudos neste sentido realizados em amostras populacionais. Avaliar o impacto da AF de lazer (AFL), ocupacional (AFO) e mista (AFLO) sobre o risco cardiovascular mensurado pelo escore de Framingham (EF) na população adulta (25-64 anos) de Vitória-ES. Estudo transversal em amostra probabilística (N=1.663; ambos os sexos). Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, avaliação clínica e laboratorial (coleta de sangue). A estimativa de gasto calórico semanal em AFL, AFO e AFLO foi feita por meio de entrevista e, dessa forma, 4 grupos foram constituídos: Sedentário (S), AFL, AFO e AFLO. Análises de variância e covariância, bem como testes qui-quadrado e Mantel-Haenszel, foram usados para análise estatística. O grupo AFO apresentou valores inferiores para % gordura (%G), colesterol total (CT) e LDL se comparado ao grupo S. A prevalência de tabagismo foi menor nos grupos AFL (11,5%) e AFLO (10,2%), e maior nos grupos S (26,4%) e AFO(30,2%). O EF e o risco (%) de desenvolvimento de doença arterial coronariana em 10 anos (risco DAC), não ajustados, apresentaram-se menores no grupo AFO (EF= 3; 2,65±6,20; risco DAC= 4; 6,79±6,68%;mediana; média±DP ) se comparado ao grupo S (EF= 5; 3,85±7,07; risco DAC= 6; 8,41±7,74%). Entretanto, após ajuste para idade e CT, o EF e o risco DAC foram menores no grupo AFL (EF:2,54±4,18; risco DAC: 6,55±5,29%; média±DP) se comparado aos grupos S (EF: 3,50±4,17; risco DAC:8,05±5,33%) e AFO (EF: 4,09±4,19; risco DAC: 8,08±5,35%), evidenciando, assim, que as variáveis CT e idade foram as principais determinantes das diferenças iniciais em favor do grupo AFO. O estudo denota impacto positivo da AF de lazer ou laboral na redução do risco cardiovascular populacional.

Regular physical activity (PA) has been considered a healthy habit to reduce thecardiovascular risk. However, there are few studies to determine this association in population-based studies. To evaluate the contribution of leisure-time (LPA), occupational (OPA) and combined physical activity (LOPA) on the cardiovascular risk computed by Framingham score (FS) on the adult population (25-64 y) of Vitória, Brazil. Cross-sectional study in a probabilistic sample (N=1,661; both sexes). Datawere collected by questionnaires and clinical and laboratorial (blood collection) exams. Estimation of week caloric expenditure in LPA, OPA and LOPA were obtained by interview and 4 groups were designed accordingly: Sedentary, LPA, OPA and LOPA. Analysis of variance and covariance, qui-squareand Mantel-Haenszel tests were used for statistical analysis. Before and after adjustment to age, the OPA group showed lower values of body fat, total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol compared to the sedentary group. The smoking prevalence was smaller in LPA (11.5%) and LOPA (10.2%) than insedentary (26.4%) and OPA (30.2%) groups. The unadjusted FS and the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD-risk) were smaller in the OPA (FRS= 3; 2.65±6.20; CHD-risk= 4; 6.79±6.68%; median; mean±SD) compared to the sedentary group (FRS= 5; 3.85±7.07; CHD-risk= 6; 8.41±7.74%). However, after adjustment for age and TC, the FRS and CHD-risk were smaller in the LPA (FR: 2.54±4.18; CHDrisk: 6.55±5.29%; mean±SD) than in the sedentary (FR: 3.50±4.17; CHD-risk: 8.05±5.33%) and OPA (FR: 4.09±4.19; CHD-risk: 8.08±5.35%) groups, showing that age and TC were the main responsible tosupport the initial differences to the OPA group. The study shows positive impact of leisure-time and occupational physical activity to reduce the global cardiovascular risk in the studied population.

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