RESUMO
The oral microbiome is unique at inter and intra-individual levels at various sites due to physical and biological factors. This study aimed to compare the bacterial composition of supragingival biofilms collected from enamel sites with different caries activity, from active and inactive-caries subjects, and from caries-free (CF) subjects. Twenty-two individuals (aged between 13 and 76 years old; med = 23.5 years old) were allocated into 3 groups: caries-active (CA) (n = 10), caries-inactive (CI) (n = 6), and CF (n = 6). From the CA group, 3 sites were sampled: CA (active non-cavitated lesion), CI (inactive non-cavitated lesion), and sound enamel surface (S). From the subjects of the CI group, biofilm from a CI lesion was collected (INCL), while for the CF subjects, a pool of biofilm from sound enamel surfaces was sampled. The total RNA was extracted, and cDNA libraries were prepared and paired-end sequenced (Illumina HiSeq 3,000). Final dental biofilm samples analysed from CA was 16 (ANCL-CA = 6, INCL-CA = 4, S-CA = 6); from CI, 3 (INCL-CI = 3); and from CF, 6 (S-CF = 6) (some samples were lost by insufficient genetic material). Read sequences were processed and analysed using the Metagenomics RAST server. High-quality sequences (3,542,190) were clustered into operational taxonomic units (97% identity; SILVA SSU), representing 915 genera belonging to 29 phyla (higher abundant: Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria). The presence of a core microbiome was observed (123 shared genera). The alpha diversity analysis showed less bacterial diversity in disease (S-CA) compared to health (S-CF). The dominant genera included Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, Veillonella, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Eubacterium, and Neisseria. Veillonella and Leptotrichia were related with disease and Prevotella with health. Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Actinomyces clustered together presenting high abundance in health and disease. The Metric Multidimensional Scaling Ordination analysis shows that sites from active subjects (ANCL-CA, INCL-CA, and S-CA) are closer to each other than either INCL-CI subjects or S-CF subjects. In conclusion, supragingival bacterial communities presented intra-individual similarities, but inter-individual diversity and difference in bacterial composition reveal that the subject's caries activity status matters more than sites.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Microbiota , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Biofilmes , Suscetibilidade à Cárie Dentária , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Infiltration of carious lesion has been claimed as a promising approach for the management of non-cavitated proximal lesions (NCPL). Clinical studies have suggested that this approach may reduce NCPL progression in individuals whose caries risk was not change over the studied period. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the additional benefit of infiltration of NCPL over a 3-year period in a group of individuals who received treatment and control of carious activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two caries-active subjects that possessed at least a pair of NCPL in posterior teeth were selected for this study totalizing 36 pairs of lesion. In a split-mouth design, lesions were randomly allocated to test (infiltration) or placebo treatments. At follow-up, lesions were radiographically analyzed, progression was determined by radiographic pair-wise comparison and differences in number of progressing lesions between test, and placebo-treated surfaces were compared. RESULTS: Seventeen subjects (27 pairs of lesions) were followed up. Only four subjects were caries-active at the follow-up. In the test group, 2/27 (7.4%) lesions and in the placebo group 5/27 (18.5%) lesions had progressed. No statistical difference was observed between the studied groups (p = 0.453). CONCLUSION: Subjects under treatment focusing on controlling caries activity presented low progression rates in both infiltrated and non-infiltrated NCPL. As only very few lesions progressed in both groups, no significant additional effect could be found. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infiltration of NCPL may have limited additional effect if other treatments focused on controlling caries activity are successful.