RESUMO
Caffeine and anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are commonly used to improve muscle mass and athletic performance. Nandrolone Decanoate (ND) is one of the most abused AAS worldwide, leading to behavioral changes in both humans and rodents. Caffeine, the most widely consumed psychostimulant globally, is present in various thermogenic and gym supplements. Low and moderate doses of caffeine antagonize adenosine receptors and have been linked to improved memory and pain relief. We have previously demonstrated that consuming caffeine prevents the risk-taking behavior triggered by nandrolone. In this study, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of ND and caffeine, either alone or in combination, on passive avoidance memory and nociception. We used the step-down and hot-plate tasks in male and female Lister Hooded rats. Our results confirmed the antinociceptive effect of caffeine and indicated that chronic administration of the ND-caffeine association promotes the evocation of aversive memory in female rats.
Assuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Cafeína , Memória , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Nociceptividade , Animais , Cafeína/farmacologia , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Decanoato de Nandrolona/farmacologia , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Anabolizantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 mg/kg/week of nandrolone decanoate (DECA - Deca Durabolin®) on body composition, hormonal levels, spermatic parameters, redox status, and morphometric parameters of testicle and epididymis; furthermore, the fertility capacity of Wistar rats was measured thought in vitro fertilization (IVF). The animals (n = 16) were divided into two groups: control group (CTRL, n = 8), which received only vehicle composed by peanut oil and 10% of the benzoic alcohol and nandrolone decanoate group (DECA, n = 8), which received intramuscular injections of DECA for 8 weeks, both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The results demonstrate significative decrease in visceral fat, testosterone levels, and thiol content on epididymis, reduction on normal sperm parameters, and deleterious effect on testicles and epididymis tissue morphology showing reduction of germ height and luminal diameter on the DECA group. Thus, it can be concluded that high doses of nandrolone decanoate impairs male reproductive parameters.
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Background and Objectives: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is the most widely used among the anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), synthetic substances derived from testosterone, to improve muscular and health gains associated with exercises. The AAS leads to physical performance enhancement and presents anti-aging properties, but its abuse is associated with several adverse effects. Supraphysiological doses of AAS with or without physical exercise can cause morphological and functional alterations in neuromuscular interactions. This study aims to investigate the effects of ND supraphysiological doses in neuromuscular interactions, focusing on the soleus muscle and its neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in rats, associated or not with physical exercise. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sedentary and exercised groups, with or without ND at the dose of 10 mg/kg/week. The animals were treated for eight weeks, with intramuscular injections, and the soleus muscle was collected for morphological analyses. Results: The supraphysiological doses of ND in the sedentary group caused muscle degeneration, evidenced by splitting fibers, clusters of small fibers, irregular myofibrils, altered sarcomeres, an increase in collagen deposition and in the number of type I muscle fibers (slow-twitch) and central nuclei, as well as a decrease in fibers with peripheral nuclei. On the other hand, in the ND exercise group, there was an increase in the NMJs diameter with scattering of its acetylcholine receptors, although no major morphological changes were found in the skeletal muscle. Thus, the alterations caused by ND in sedentary rats were partially reversed by physical exercise. Conclusions: The supraphysiological ND exposure in the sedentary rats promoted an increase in muscle oxidative pattern and adverse morphological alterations in skeletal muscle, resulting from damage or post-injury regeneration. In the ND-exercised rats, no major morphological changes were found. Thus, the physical exercise partially reversed the alterations caused by ND in sedentary rats.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes , Nandrolona , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Decanoato de Nandrolona/farmacologia , Nandrolona/efeitos adversos , Anabolizantes/efeitos adversos , Ratos Wistar , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Junção NeuromuscularRESUMO
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and caffeine can induce several behavioral alterations in humans and rodents. Administration of nandrolone decanoate is known to affect defensive responses to aversive stimuli, generally decreasing inhibitory control and increasing aggressivity but whether caffeine intake influences behavioral changes induced by AAS is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate behavioral effects of caffeine (a non-selective antagonist of adenosine receptors) alone or combined with nandrolone decanoate (one of the most commonly AAS abused) in female and male Lister Hooded rats. Our results indicated that chronic administration of nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg, i.m., once a week for 8 weeks) decreased risk assessment/anxiety-like behaviors (in the elevated plus maze test), regardless of sex. These effects were prevented by combined caffeine intake (0.1 g/L, p.o., ad libitum). Overall, the present study heralds a key role for caffeine intake in the modulation of nandrolone decanoate-induced behavioral changes in rats, suggesting adenosine receptors as candidate targets to manage impact of AAS on brain function and behavior.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes , Esteróides Androgênicos Anabolizantes , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Receptores Purinérgicos P1 , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Anabolizantes/farmacologia , Esteróides Androgênicos Anabolizantes/farmacologia , Ansiedade/induzido quimicamente , Cafeína/farmacologia , Decanoato de Nandrolona/farmacologia , Receptores Purinérgicos P1/metabolismoRESUMO
This paper reports the use of paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) combined with chemometric models to analyze seized samples of anabolic steroids. Because many forensic laboratories typically demand high-throughput analysis for this type of sample, we developed a quicker and simpler alternative analytical method for routine analysis with minimal sample preparation. Oily samples (n = 39) resulting from seizures carried out by Brazilian Federal and State Police units were selected for this study. These samples were analyzed by PS-MS in the positive ion mode and full scan (50-1000 m/z), providing spectra containing patterns of the respective active ingredients present in each product. A principal component analysis (PCA) model was built, which discriminated samples mainly according to their active ingredients and allowed to detect and characterize some cases of product counterfeiting. The variable selection method ordered predictors selection was employed jointly with PCA to improve sample cluster separation and to provide model simplification. The final PCA model was built with three principal components and using only 28 spectral variables. This model accounted for 69.82% of the variance and discriminated samples according to their specific active ingredients.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes , Quimiometria , Brasil , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Análise de Componente Principal , Congêneres da Testosterona/químicaRESUMO
Decreased anabolic androgen levels are followed by impaired brain energy support and sensing with loss of neural connectivity during physiological aging, providing a neurobiological basis for hormone supplementation. Here, we investigated whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) administration mediates hypothalamic AMPK activation and glucose metabolism, thus affecting metabolic connectivity in brain areas of adult and aged mice. Metabolic interconnected brain areas of rodents can be detected by positron emission tomography using 18FDG-mPET. Albino CF1 mice at 3 and 18 months of age were separated into 4 groups that received daily subcutaneous injections of either ND (15 mg/kg) or vehicle for 15 days. At the in vivo baseline and on the 14th day, brain 18FDG-microPET scans were performed. Hypothalamic pAMPKT172/AMPK protein levels were assessed, and basal mitochondrial respiratory states were evaluated in synaptosomes. A metabolic connectivity network between brain areas was estimated based on 18FDG uptake. We found that ND increased the pAMPKT172/AMPK ratio in both adult and aged mice but increased 18FDG uptake and mitochondrial basal respiration only in adult mice. Furthermore, ND triggered rearrangement in the metabolic connectivity of adult mice and aged mice compared to age-matched controls. Altogether, our findings suggest that ND promotes hypothalamic AMPK activation, and distinct glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity rearrangements in the brains of adult and aged mice.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes , Nandrolona , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Anabolizantes/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Glucose/metabolismo , Camundongos , Nandrolona/metabolismo , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Tomografia por Emissão de PósitronsRESUMO
We aimed to investigate the effects of high doses of nandrolone decanoate and resistance training (RT) on the proteomic profile of the left ventricle (LV) of rats, using a label-free quantitative approach. Male rats were randomized into four groups: untrained vehicle (UTV), trained vehicle (TV), untrained nandrolone (UTN), and trained nandrolone (TN). Rats were familiarized with the exercise training protocol (jump exercise) for one week. Jump-exercise was performed five days a week for 6 weeks, with 30 s of inter-set rest intervals. Nandrolone was administrated for 6 weeks (5 mg/kg, twice a week, via intramuscular). Systolic and diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate were measured 48 h post-training. LV was isolated and collagen content was measured. The expression of cardiac proteins was analyzed by ultra-efficiency liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry high / low collision energy (UPLC/MSE). Nandrolone and RT led to cardiac hypertrophy, even though high doses of nandrolone counteracted the RT-induced arterial pressures lowering. Nandrolone also affected the proteome profile negatively in LV of rats, including critical proteins related to biological processes (metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation), structural function and membrane transporters. Our findings show physiological relevance since high doses of nandrolone induced detrimental effects on the proteome profile of heart tissue and hemodynamic parameters of rats. Furthermore, as nandrolone abuse has become increasingly common among recreational athletes and casual fitness enthusiasts, we consider that our findings have clinical relevance as well.
Assuntos
NandrolonaRESUMO
We investigated possible changes in morphology and immunohistochemistry of the uterus and ovaries of rats caused by nandrolone (ND); we also investigated effects on fertility. We used 30 rats divided into three experimental groups: control (C), control vehicle (CV) and 5 mg/kg ND. Rats treated with ND exhibited loss of estrous cyclicity with predominance of the estrus phase, increased body weight and an organosomatic index that was decreased for the ovaries, but increased for the uterus. In the ovary, we observed a reduction in primary and secondary follicles and an increase in tertiary follicles; no corpora lutea were observed. Estrogen and progesterone levels were reduced. In the uterus, the endometrium was edematous with hyperplasic glands. The cytokines, TNFα and IL6, and the apoptotic index were increased in rats treated with ND. VEGF-A was increased in the ovaries and decreased in the uterus. We conclude that ND disrupts ovarian and uterine histophysiology by establishing an anovulatory and inflammatory condition, which directly affects reproduction.
Assuntos
Nandrolona , Animais , Ciclo Estral , Feminino , Fertilidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , ÚteroRESUMO
Several studies have reported that high doses of synthetic anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can have serious negative effects on health, including the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of AAS and exercise training on ventricular repolarization and cardiac autonomic modulation in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary rats treated with vehicle, sedentary rats treated with nandrolone decanoate, swimming-trained rats treated with vehicle, and swimming-trained rats treated with nandrolone decanoate. Ventricular repolarization was evaluated by electrocardiographic analysis of QT interval and QT dispersion. Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability. Our results show that AAS increased QT interval and QT dispersion in sedentary rats treated with nandrolone decanoate as compared to sedentary rats treated with vehicle, indicating AAS-induced ventricular repolarization abnormalities. When rats treated with nandrolone decanoate were subjected to concomitant exercise training, ventricular repolarization was normalized. On the other hand, AAS-induced reduction in cardiac parasympathetic modulation was not prevented by exercise training. In conclusion, AAS produced cardiac autonomic dysfunction and ventricular repolarization disturbances in rats. Combining an exercise training protocol during the AAS treatment attenuated the ventricular repolarization abnormalities and did not prevent cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Ventrículos do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/inervação , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Congêneres da Testosterona/farmacologia , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Coração/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho do Órgão/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Função Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We hypothesized that supraphysiological administration of the anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) like testosterone (TEST) and nandrolone decanoate (NAND) might differentially affect synaptic and extrasynaptic components of mitochondrial bioenergetics, thereby resulting in memory impairment. Oil (VEH), NAND or TEST (15 mg/Kg) were daily administered to male CF-1 albino mice for 19-days. We evaluated in the synaptosomes and extrasynaptic mitochondria, Ca2+ influx/efflux, membrane potential ΔÑ°m, oxidative respiratory states, dehydrogenases activity, H2O2 production, Tau phosphorylation, and spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). In synaptosomes, both AAS increased Ca2+ influx and Na+ dependent efflux. In extrasynaptic mitochondria, NAND increased the Ca2+ influx. NAND prominently impaired ΔÑ°m formation and dissipation in synaptosomal and extrasynaptic mitochondria, while the effect of TEST was less pronounced. TEST increased the Reserve Respiratory Capacity in synaptosomes, and NAND decreased dehydrogenases activity in synaptic and extrasynaptic mitochondria. Also, NAND increased H2O2 production by synaptosomes and extrasynaptic mitochondria. NAND increased pTauSer396 in synaptosomes. Both AAS did not impair memory performance on MWM. We highlight that high doses of NAND cause neurotoxic effects to components of synaptic and extrasynaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics, like calcium influx, membrane potential and H2O2 production. TEST was less neurotoxic to synaptic and extrasynaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics responses.
Assuntos
Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Sinapses/efeitos dos fármacos , Congêneres da Testosterona/farmacologia , Testosterona/farmacologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Cálcio/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Nandrolona/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória Espacial/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinapses/metabolismo , Sinaptossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinaptossomos/metabolismo , Testosterona/efeitos adversos , Congêneres da Testosterona/efeitos adversos , Proteínas tau/metabolismoRESUMO
RESUMO Pela primeira vez foi descrito um caso interessante de uso do oxihidróxido de vanádio trivalente (VO(OH)) como modificador de elétrodo na detecção eletroquímica de nandrolona. Foi mostrado que o oxihidróxido de vanádio pode ser um modificador eficiente para a detecção de nandrolona, mas, ao contrário da maioria dos casos de uso de oxihidróxido de cobalto, composto parecido, o processo é catódico e dá-se em meio moderadamente ácido a neutro. O comportamento oscilatório, no sistema, é possível apenas por causa das influências do processo da eletrorredução de vanádio tetravalente em trivalente na dupla camada elétrica.
SUMMARY An interesting case of the use of trivalent vanadium oxyhydroxide (VO(OH)) as an electrode modifier for nandrolone electrochemical determination has been described for the first time. It was shown that vanadium (III) oxyhydroxide may be an efficient electrode modifier for nandrolone determination, but, contrarily to the majority of the cases of the use of cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide, which is a relative compound, the process is cathodic and it is realized in moderately acid solutions, tending to neutral. The oscillatory behavior in the system is possible, due to the influence of the electrochemical reduction of tetravalent vanadium to trivalent in double electric layer.
RESUMO
Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a synthetic steroid, which promotes adverse effects on the ovarian tissue, and melatonin (MLT) exhibits a number of beneficial properties in the reproductive system. This study evaluated the general features of the ovarian tissue and the immunoexpression of sex steroid receptors in ND-treated rats that were submitted to short-term melatonin treatment. Adult rats received mineral oil (control group) and ND at doses of 7.5 mg/kg for 15 days (ND-treated group). The treatment with MLT (10mg/kg for 7 days) was given alone, before or in combination with ND. All ND-treated animals showed persistent dioestrus. In the androgenized groups that received MLT, ovarian morphology and size, and the number/area of corpora lutea were recovered. The number of healthy and atretic follicles was recovered when MLT was administered prior to ND; this was similar to the ovaries of control and MLT groups. There was a decrease in estrogen receptors immunostaining in the follicles of androgenized rats that were treated with MLT, and pretreatment with MLT reduced the expression of androgen receptor in atretic follicles and corpora lutea, when compared with ND-treated group. We conclude that MLT treatment recovered the histopathological aspects of the androgenized ovaries, and MLT pretreatment was the most effective.
Assuntos
Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos , Melatonina/farmacologia , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Androgênicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Anabolizantes/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Feminino , Masculino , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
AIMS: Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease that has been correlated to severe organ damage and mortality. However, the role of androgens in hypertension is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac effects of the nandrolone decanoate (NDL) in male SHR. MAIN METHODS: At 12â¯weeks of age, male SHR rats were separated into three groups: Control (CON), Nandrolone 10â¯mg/kg twice weekly (NDL), and NDL plus Enalapril 10â¯mg/kg/day (NDL-E) groups. The animals were treated for 4â¯weeks. Haemodynamic parameters were acquired through ventricular catheter implantation. The left ventricle was stained with haematoxylin/eosin or picrosirius red. Western blot analysis of TNF-α, ACE, AT1R, ß1-AR, PLB, p-PLBser16 and SERCA2a was performed. KEY FINDINGS: Nandrolone increased hypertension in SHR rats and enalapril reduced blood pressure to values below those of the control. NDL increased +dP/dtmax, -dP/dtmax and cardiac hypertrophy, which were prevented in the NDL-E group. Cardiac collagen deposition was increased in the NDL group, with this effect being attenuated by enalapril in NDL-E animals. TNF-α, ACE, AT1R and ß1-AR proteins were increased in the NDL, and enalapril decreased them, except for TNF-α. The ratio p-PLBser16/PLB revealed an increase after nandrolone, which was prevented in the NDL-E group. The SERCA2a expression protein and SERCA2a/PLB were increased in NDL animals, which did not occur in the NDL-E group. SIGNIFICANCE: Nandrolone has distinct effects on cardiac function and remodelling in male SHR, altering the hypertension development process in the heart through modulation of calcium handling proteins and the renin-angiotensin system.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/tratamento farmacológico , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacos , Anabolizantes/farmacologia , Animais , Frequência Cardíaca , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/metabolismo , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/patologiaRESUMO
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are recommended for therapeutic clinic, but their use has increased in recent decades for aesthetic reasons. No study has evaluated the impact of AAS in the fallopian tube, after treatment and recovery periods. Herein, the aim of study was to investigate the effects of Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), administered in different doses (1.87; 3.75; 7.5 and 15â¯mg/kg) on the ampulla of the fallopian tube in rats, following post-treatment (PT; 15 consecutive days) and post-recovery (PR; 30 consecutive days) periods. The control group received mineral oil. Estrous cycle was monitored daily during both periods and in sequence the rats (nâ¯=â¯8/group/period) were killed. All ND-treated animals showed estral acyclicity during the PT and PR periods, but the histomorphometric changes in the fallopian tube varied according to the ND dose level. The expression of AR, ERα and ERß varied in the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells. No AR expression was observed in the stroma. The muscle cells exhibited variation in immunostaining. In conclusion, ND promoted histomorphometric and immunohistochemical changes in the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube after treatment and recovery periods in a dose-independent manner.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes/administração & dosagem , Tubas Uterinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/administração & dosagem , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Anabolizantes/efeitos adversos , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/genética , Receptor beta de Estrogênio/genética , Ciclo Estral/efeitos dos fármacos , Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais/efeitos adversos , Nandrolona/administração & dosagem , Nandrolona/efeitos adversos , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Tamanho do Órgão/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Receptores Androgênicos/genéticaRESUMO
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AASs) misuse has increased among adolescents and recreational athletes due to their potential effects on muscle hypertrophy. On the other hand, AAS might induce alterations on cardiovascular system, although some controversies regarding AAS on vascular properties remain unknown. To address this question, we aimed to investigate the effects of high doses of nandrolone combined with strenuous resistance training (RT) on function and structure of thoracic aorta. Rats were randomized into four groups: non-trained vehicle (NTV), trained vehicle (TV), non-trained nandrolone (NTN), and trained nandrolone (TN), and submitted to 6â¯weeks of treatment with nandrolone (5â¯mg/kg, twice a week) and/or resistance training. In vitro response of thoracic aorta to acetylcholine (ACh) was analyzed. Vascular nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis were evaluated using 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2) and hydroethidine fluorescent techniques, respectively. Thoracic aorta was processed for microscopy analyses and tunica media thickness was measured. ACh-mediated relaxation response was impaired in endothelium intact aortic rings isolated from trained rats (TV and TN) as compared with their matched non-trained groups. TN rats showed reduced ACh-mediated vasodilatation than NTN rats. NO production and bioavailability decreased in thoracic aorta of nandrolone-treated rats in relation to their matched non-trained group (NTN vs. NTV; TN vs. TV). ROS production and tunica media thickness were increased in TN rats when compared with TV rats. These findings indicate that high doses of nandrolone combined with strenuous RT affect NO bioavailability and might induce endothelial dysfunction and arterial morphological alterations.
Assuntos
Aorta Torácica/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Treinamento Resistido , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Aorta Torácica/metabolismo , Aorta Torácica/fisiologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a disorder that leads to a nonregenerative anemia that results from erythroid precursors failing to reach maturity in the bone marrow, whereas the numbers of mature myeloid and megakaryocytic cells remain normal. PRCA can be induced by autoimmune processes, infections, drugs, toxins, and radiation, and is diagnosed by a bone marrow cytology examination after excluding the most common causes of nonregenerative anemia. Immunosuppressive therapies are used to treat PRCA, and usually involve the use of glucocorticoids, cyclosporin, or azathioprine. Alternatively, although little studied in veterinary medicine, drugs which stimulate bone marrow (e.g., nandrolone decanoate) have been mentioned as possible therapeutic agents. A case of PRCA that presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (UNESP)-Botucatu, Brazil showed a good therapeutic response to weekly administration of nandrolone decanoate. Therefore, it was concluded that bone marrow stimulants might improve the quality of life of PRCA patients, provided they are used with caution and under close clinical supervision.
Assuntos
Diclofenaco/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Aplasia Pura de Série Vermelha/veterinária , Animais , Diclofenaco/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Cães , Nandrolona/uso terapêutico , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Qualidade de Vida , Aplasia Pura de Série Vermelha/induzido quimicamente , Aplasia Pura de Série Vermelha/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
CONTEXT: Residual effects after nandrolone decanoate (ND) treatment are not reported. OBJECTIVE: Immediate and residual effects of low-dose ND and treadmill training were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male rats were trained and/or ND-treated for four weeks and the assessments were made after this period or four weeks later. RESULTS: The groups did not differ in final plasma glucose or AUC of the ivGTT, but hyperinsulinemia was noticed in some trained/treated groups. Training with ND increased muscle mass and ND decreased the reproductive structures. Decreased fat with training was reversed by detraining. DISCUSSION: The anabolic action of ND on skeletal muscle was enhanced by training. Fat and lipid changes were more linked to training/detraining, but the effects of ND on the reproductive structures persisted after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of training on fat and muscle were not maintained after detraining, but low-dose ND had persistent effects on the reproductive structures.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Testículo/fisiologia , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Anabolic-androgenic steroids are misused, including by women, but little is known about the cardiovascular effects of these drugs on women. AIM: To evaluated the effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND) and resistive physical exercise on cardiac contractility in young female rats. MAIN METHODS: Female Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups: C (untrained animals); E (animals were submitted to resistance exercise by jumping in water 5 times per week); ND (animals were treated with ND, 20mg/kg/week for 4weeks); and NDE (trained and treated). The haemodynamic parameters (+dP/dtmax, -dP/dtmin and Tau) were assessed in the left ventricle. The heart was collected for histological analyses and collagen deposition. The gastrocnemius muscle was weighed, and hypertrophy was assessed by the ratio of their weights to gastrocnemius/tibia length. The expression of calcium handling proteins was measured by western blot analysis. RESULTS: ND treatment and physical exercise increased cardiac contractility and relaxation. In addition, ND promoted increases in phospholamban phosphorylated (p-PLB) and isoforms of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2a) expression, while resistance exercise increased the phosphorylation of PLB and expression of Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers (NCX). Cardiac hypertrophy and collagen deposition were observed after ND treatment. CONCLUSION: Regulatory components of cytosolic calcium, such as SERCA2a and p-PLB, play important roles in modulating the contractility and relaxation effects of ND in females.
Assuntos
Anabolizantes/farmacologia , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , ATPases Transportadoras de Cálcio do Retículo Sarcoplasmático/metabolismo , Trocador de Sódio e Cálcio/metabolismo , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Remodelação Ventricular/fisiologia , Animais , Pressão Arterial/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/induzido quimicamente , Cardiomegalia/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/patologia , Colágeno/metabolismo , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Nandrolona/farmacologia , Decanoato de Nandrolona , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Supraphysiological administration of anabolic androgenic steroids has been linked to increased blood pressure. The widely distributed amino acid taurine seems to be an effective depressor agent in drug-induced hypertension. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of chronic high dose administration of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) and taurine on blood pressure in rats and to verify the potentially involved mechanisms. The study was conducted in 4 groups of 8 adult male Wistar rats, aged 14 weeks, treated for 12 weeks with: DECA (A group); vehicle (C group); taurine (T group), or with both drugs (AT group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured at the beginning of the study (SBP1), 2 (SBP2) and 3 months (SBP3) later. Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and plasma end products of nitric oxide metabolism (NOx) were also determined. SBP3 and SBP2 were significantly increased compared to SBP1 only in the A group (P<0.002 for both). SBP2, SBP3 and ACE activity showed a statistically significant increase in the A vs C (P<0.005), andvs AT groups (P<0.05), while NOx was significantly decreased in the A and AT groups vs controls (P=0.01). ACE activity was strongly correlated with SBP3 in the A group (r=0.71, P=0.04). These findings suggest that oral supplementation of taurine may prevent the increase in SBP induced by DECA, an effect potentially mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Anabolizantes/administração & dosagem , Nandrolona/análogos & derivados , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , Distribuição Aleatória , Anabolizantes/efeitos adversos , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Nandrolona/administração & dosagemRESUMO
This study tested the hypothesis that different doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND) will cause changes in the estrous cycle and ovarian tissue of adult rats; and investigated the duration of the recovery period that is sufficient to restore the damage in the animals treated with different doses. Wistar rats were treated with ND at doses of 1.87, 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg body weight, or received mineral oil (control group) for 15 days, subcutaneously. All animals were divided into three groups according to the treatment periods: (i) ND treatment for 15 days; (ii) ND treatment followed by a 30-day recovery; and (iii) ND treatment followed by a 60-day recovery. Estrous cycle was monitored daily, and at the end of each period, the animals were euthanized for histopathological analysis. During ND treatment and after 30-day recovery, all animals exhibited persistent diestrus. After a 60-day recovery, persistent diestrus was only maintained in the group that had received the highest dose. Ovarian weight was decreased significantly after the 30-day recovery, regardless of ND doses, compared with the control group. There was a reduction (P < 0.05) in the number of corpora lutea and antral and growing follicles, in contrast to an increase (P < 0.05) in atretic follicles in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Remarkable histopathological changes occurred in the ovaries of all ND-treated groups. In conclusion, the different doses of ND caused changes in the estrous cycle and ovarian tissue of rats, and recovery periods (30 and 60 days) were insufficient to completely restore the damage in the animals treated with the highest dose.