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AIM: To investigate the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and heart rate variability (HRV) in preschool children. METHODS: A total of 123 preschoolers (4.52 ± 0.25 years old; 62 girls) were assessed for physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) using an accelerometer (Actigraph WGT3x). Sleep duration (SD) was parent-reported. Children were laid down in a supine position for 10 min to assess HRV data. The R-R intervals recorded during the last 5 min of this period were analysed. We conducted compositional analysis in R studio, and the significance level was 95%. All ethical procedures were followed, and the study had the approval of the local ethical board. RESULTS: When considered as a composition, adjusted for age, body mass index and sex, the 24-h movement composition (PA, SB and SD) significantly predicted better parasympathetic modulation (Root mean square of the successive differences [RMSSD] [p = 0.04; r2 = 0.13]), but not high frequency (HF) (nu) (p = 0.51, r2 = 0.01), low frequency (nu) (p = 0.52, r2 = 0.02),or standard deviation (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals) (p = 0.55, r2 = 0.02), respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the 24-h movement composition predicted the RMSSD time-domain index related to parasympathetic activity.

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Recent systematic reviews highlighted important relationships between combinations of movement behaviors (ie. sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity) and health outcomes among children and adolescents. However, it is unclear whether similar relationships occur in older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this protocol was to describe the aims and methods for a systematic review to sum-marize the studies examining the relationships between movement behaviors and health outcomes in older adults.A systematic review will be developed based on searches of articles in seven electronic databases and references of retrieved articles, contact with authors, and study repositories. Eligibility criteria: observational or experimental studies examining the association of at least two movement behaviours (sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity) with health outcomes in older adults (≥ 60 years old). Selection of the studies and extraction of the data will be carried out by two reviewers independently. Characteristics of the study, participants, methods of combinations, and main results will be extracted and described. Risk of bias and level of evidence in the studies will be assessed according to the study quality tool of the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the GRADE guidelines. The data will be synthesized using random effects meta-analysis for results that are sufficiently homogeneous in terms of statistical, clinical, and methodological characteristics. If not, then a narrative synthesis will be conducted. The results of this review may provide insights to improve current guidelines on 24-hour cycle in older adults, as well as guide future studies in this research field

Recentes revisões sistemáticas têm demonstrado haver uma relação entre combinações de sono, comportamento sedentário e atividade física e desfechos de saúde em crianças e adolescentes. Entretanto, ainda permanece incerto se essas relações ocorrem de forma similar em idosos. Portanto, este protocolo objetivou descrever os objetivos e métodos de uma revisão sistemática que sumarizará os estudos que examinaram a relação entre combinações de sono, comportamento sedentário e atividade física e desfechos de saúde em idosos. Uma revisão sistemática será desenvolvida com base nas buscas de artigos em sete bases de dados, nas referências dos artigos incluídos, em contato com os autores e em repositório de estudos. Como critérios de inclusão, estudos observacionais ou experimentais analisando a associação entre a combinação de pelo menos dois dos três comportamentos (sono, comportamento sedentário e atividade física) com desfechos de saúde em idosos (≥ 60 anos). O processo de seleção e extração dos dados será realizado por dois revisores de forma independente. As características dos estudos, participantes, métodos de combinação dos comportamentos e principais resultados serão extraídos e descritos. O risco de viés e o nível de evidência serão analisados, respectivamente, pela ferramenta de avaliação de qualidade do US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute e pelo guideline GRADE. Os dados serão sintetizados usando metanálise com efeitos randômicos quando os resultados apresentaram suficiente homogeneidade estatística, clínica e metodológica. Do contrário, os resultados serão apresentados por meio de síntese narrativa. Os resultados desta revisão podem fornecer informações para aprimorar as diretrizes do ciclo das 24 horas, bem como podem fornecer informações para futuros estudos nesse campo de pesquisa

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Studies that have analysed the association between the different movement behaviours and fundamental movement skills (FMS) have considered it in an independent manner, disregarding the compositional nature of 24-h movement behaviours (24-h MB). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 24-h MB and FMS in preschoolers using a compositional data analysis . Two hundred and four preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.8 years old; 101 boys) provided objectively assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS (TGMD-2). Sleep duration (SD) was reported by parents. Association of daily composition of movement behaviours with FMS was explored using compositional analysis and isotemporal substitution (R Core Team, 3.6.1). When considered as a 24-h MB composition (PA, SB and SD), adjusted for age, BMI and sex, the composition predicted locomotor (r2 = 0.31), object control (r2 = 0.19), and total motor score (r2 = 0.35), respectively (all P < 0.001). Reallocation of time from light to moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with greatest positive changes in total motor score. Achieving adequate balance between movement behaviours over the 24-h period, and its relationship with locomotor and object control skills should be considered and further investigated in early childhood.

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