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Introduction: Cancer survivors experienced poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and greater psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic than those without cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms that may explain how negative experiences during the pandemic are associated with distress and HRQoL remain unknown. We examined whether psychosocial risk factors (i.e., healthcare disruption, disruption to daily activities and social interaction [DDASI], and financial hardship) mediated the relationship between negative COVID-19-related experiences and cancer survivors' HRQoL and psychological distress (i.e., depressive symptoms, and anxiety) and whether the mediating effects were moderated by psychosocial protective factors (i.e., stress management ability and social support). Methods: A total of 9,651 cancer survivors completed a questionnaire assessing negative COVID-19-related experiences, psychosocial and practical experiences, and HRQoL. Conditional process analysis was used to evaluate the proposed moderated mediation models. Results: Participants had a mean age of 63.8 years (SD = 12.3) and were mostly non-Hispanic White (82.3%). DDASI and financial hardship mediated the relationship between negative COVID-19-related experiences and cancer survivor's HRQoL and psychological distress. Stress management ability buffered the indirect effect of DDASI on cancer survivors' HRQoL and psychological distress. Social support buffered the indirect effect of financial hardship on HRQoL and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Financial resources and social interactions may buffer negative effects of major disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies should assess the longitudinal impact of these associations.
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Objective: This research aimed to investigate whether subjective general health mediated the relationship between social networks and subjective well-being and whether the perception of fair payment moderated the mediating effect of subjective general health on subjective well-being. Methods: Data were drawn from round 9 of the European Social Survey (ESS), involving 3,843 respondents from 19 countries, with ages ranging from 65 to 90 years (Meanage = 73.88 ± 6.61 years). The participants completed self-reported measures assessing subjective well-being, social networks, subjective general health, and perception of fair payment. Results: Subjective general health played a mediating role in the relationship between social networks and subjective well-being. The perception of fair payment emerged as a moderator in the mediating effect of subjective general health on the association between social networks and subjective well-being. Conclusion: This study suggests that the impact of social networks on both subjective general health and subjective well-being is contingent upon individuals' perceptions of fair payment. These results highlight the significance of social networks in fostering social connections and promoting overall subjective well-being.
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Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Rede Social , Análise de Mediação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Europa (Continente) , Autorrelato , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Background: Suicide is a global public health issue. This study examined the role of COVID-19 burnout and reappraisal in suicidal ideation caused by depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. Methods: 587 students (261 boys, M age = 19.53, SD = 1.42) were assessed using the Short Depression-Happiness Scale (SDHS), Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory, and Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS). Results: Correlation analysis indicated depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with reappraisal and positively correlated with suicidal ideation and COVID-19 burnout. Reappraisal was negatively correlated with suicidal ideation and COVID-19 burnout. The moderated mediation model showed COVID-19 burnout enhanced the direct effect of depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation and indirectly enhanced this effect by weakening the protective role of reappraisal. Conclusion: These finding show that reappraisal acts as a protective factor against suicidal ideation in individuals with depressive symptoms, while COVID-19 burnout exacerbates this effect by weakening reappraisal's protective role.
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OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the relationship between learning difficulties (LD) in adolescence and physical health in adulthood. This study investigates the gender-specific pathways through which LD is longitudinally associated with cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. STUDY DESIGN: We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,342). To assess cardiometabolic risk, 11 biomarkers related to cardiovascular functioning, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and inflammation were utilized. METHODS: We first estimated the association between LD in adolescence and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. Then, we examined whether this association is mediated by educational attainment and body mass index (BMI). Finally, we employed a moderated mediation model to determine whether gender moderates these mediation patterns. RESULTS: LD in adolescence was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk in adulthood (b = 0.165, p < 0.001). LD also predicted lower educational attainment (b = -0.724, p < 0.001) and higher BMI (b = 0.589, p < 0.05). Educational attainment and BMI explained 18 and 25 percent of the positive association between LD and cardiometabolic risk, respectively. A moderated mediation model revealed that indirect effects of LD on cardiometabolic risk via educational attainment and BMI were more pronounced among women than men. CONCLUSION: LD in adolescence is a significant predictor of cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. Interventions focusing on the academic and health behaviors of girls with LD may be effective in improving their adult physical health.
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The present study investigated the relationship between smartphone distraction, academic procrastination, academic anxiety, and time management disposition. A total of 474 college students were recruited to complete a survey comprising measures of smartphone distraction, academic procrastination, academic anxiety, and time management disposition. The hypothesised moderated mediation model was tested using Model 4 and Model 15 of the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results showed that smartphone distraction was positively and significantly correlated with academic anxiety (r = 0.40, p < 0.001) and academic procrastination (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Academic procrastination mediated the relationship between smartphone distraction and academic anxiety. Time management disposition moderated the paths from academic procrastination and smartphone distraction to academic anxiety. The present study suggests that smartphone distraction could predict increased levels of academic procrastination, which could then lead to higher academic anxiety. However, the predicting effects in this mediation model could fluctuate across individuals with different time management dispositions. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of smartphone distraction using different methods.
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BACKGROUND: Loneliness in older adults, exacerbated by widowhood, is a significant public health concern. While widowhood can lead to changes in living arrangements, its impact on loneliness may vary across cultural contexts. In Western societies, widowhood often results in older adults living alone, which can intensify feelings of loneliness. However, in China, the cultural norm of filial piety and multigenerational households may lead to different outcomes. As few studies have explored this connection over time, this research seeks to bridge this gap using data from older Chinese adults. METHODS: Using 16 years of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, which covers 21,986 individuals aged 65-104 years, we conducted causal mediation analysis to test if changes in living arrangements (i.e., living alone versus with children) serve as a mediator between widowhood and loneliness. The potential variation in this mediation effect by gender and age was also evaluated. RESULTS: Spousal loss was associated with an increase in loneliness. However, living with adult children post-loss reduced this emotional strain compared to living alone. The mediating influence of living arrangements was notably stronger for women than men and intensified with age in long term. In the short term, the mediating impact of living arrangements is significantly greater, particularly for older adults under 80 years old. CONCLUSION: Alterations in living arrangements play a pivotal role in mediating the effects of widowhood on loneliness among China's older adults. Encouraging co-residence with adult children post-spousal loss, especially for older women and the eldest age groups, might mitigate social isolation. These insights both deepen our theoretical understanding and suggest interventions to enhance the well-being of widowed older adults.
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Solidão , Viuvez , Humanos , Viuvez/psicologia , Solidão/psicologia , Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Longitudinais , China/epidemiologia , Filhos Adultos/psicologia , Características de ResidênciaRESUMO
Despite the documented increasing prevalence of elder abuse victimization and its devastating health effects, a life-course view of the victimization experiences of older adults has rarely been adopted in the elder abuse literature. The current study investigated lifetime links between victimization experiences by examining the indirect effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on elder abuse victimization via intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization in middle adulthood, and whether this indirect association would differ by gender. Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we analyzed the previous and current victimization experiences of a total of 5,391 older adults in their early 70s and estimated mediational and moderated mediation models. The key results indicated that a higher ACE score was associated with exposure to IPV victimization in middle adulthood, which was in turn associated with exposure to elder abuse victimization. This indirect association was stronger for women than for men. Regarding specific types of childhood victimization, parental physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing domestic violence significantly predicted elder abuse victimization via IPV victimization. Our results support the phenomenon of lifetime victimization, whereby an individual experiences reoccurring forms of victimization across the life course from childhood to late adulthood. Findings highlight the compelling need for the assessment of cumulative victimization experiences and their impact on elder abuse victims. A life-course-based, trauma-informed approach would greatly enhance prevention and intervention services for elder abuse.
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Vítimas de Crime , Abuso de Idosos , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Humanos , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Longitudinais , Idoso , Wisconsin , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Abuso de Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Abuso de Idosos/psicologia , Experiências Adversas da Infância/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Drawing from the conservation of resources theory, this study proposes that individuals who perceive environmental competitiveness may improve their mental health through their job crafting behaviors at work. Data were collected from 450 full-time Chinese employees using a three-wave time-lagged approach. The results showed that perceived environmental competitiveness is positively correlated with job crafting, and job crafting has a positive relationship with mental health. Moreover, the results indicated that job crafting mediates the relationship between perceived environmental competitiveness and mental health. Additionally, the present study found that work-family conflict plays a moderating role in the relationships among environmental competitiveness, job crafting and mental health. A moderated mediation model was proposed in this study. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of this study are also discussed.
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Saúde Mental , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , China , Inquéritos e Questionários , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento Competitivo , Emprego/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Disability is a key factor related to self-concept change following a Multiple Sclerosis (MS) diagnosis. Psychosocial factors (e.g., social integration, marital support) are also associated with changing self-concept in people with MS (pwMS). What remains unclear however, is whether psychosocial factors account for the relationship between disability and self-concept change. The current study aimed to investigate the potential mediation effect of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) on the relationship between disability and self-concept change in pwMS, and whether relationship satisfaction is a moderator of the mediated relationship. METHOD: Nine hundred and ninety-five pwMS (79.5 % female; Age M = 59.72 years, SD = 11.15) completed measures of disability, HRQoL, and self-concept change. Of these participants, seven hundred and twenty-six pwMS who indicated they were currently in a relationship also completed a measure of relationship satisfaction. RESULTS: A moderated mediation (conditional process) analysis indicated that the relationship between disability and self-concept change was partially mediated by HRQoL. A further parallel mediation found that across the eight subdomains of HRQoL, only participants' reported levels of 'relationships' and 'coping' significantly mediated the relationship between disability and self-concept change. However, for those participants in a relationship, relationship satisfaction did not moderate any mediation effects. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the role that perceptions of HRQoL in some domains may have in explaining the relationship between disability and self-concept change. Further research is needed to explicate the causal direction of these relationships through longitudinal studies.
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Esclerose Múltipla , Qualidade de Vida , Autoimagem , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Satisfação Pessoal , Idoso , Adulto , Pessoas com Deficiência , Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Relações Interpessoais , Análise de MediaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In China, community rehabilitation workers are facing a growing challenge related to heavy occupational stress, which is having an impact on employment turnover. Previous studies have explored the effect of the public service motivation of workers in "helping" jobs on occupational stress or turnover intention, but there is a lack of clarification of the impact of altruism on turnover intention in the case of complex pathways involving various factors. METHODS: A stratified sampling method was used, and a total of 82 community rehabilitation workers who assist disabled people from 34 community health centres in Jiangmen city were included in the study from August to October 2022. The turnover intention, occupational stress, burnout, quality of life, altruism, and certain sociodemographic information of community rehabilitation workers were measured using a structured questionnaire. The partial least squares method was employed to construct and test the structural equation model. RESULTS: Although altruism had no direct impact on occupational stress or turnover intention, altruism moderated the effect of occupational stress on burnout (ßMod = -0.208) and quality of life (ßMod = 0.230) and weakened the mediation of burnout and quality of life between occupational stress and turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS: This study proposes to address the dilemma of "strong function" and "weak specialty" in community rehabilitation services and to conduct positive psychological interventions for community rehabilitation workers through the guidance of altruistic values.
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Altruísmo , Esgotamento Profissional , Estresse Ocupacional , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , China , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Ocupacional/psicologia , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , IntençãoRESUMO
This study examined the relationship between perceived social support, career exploration, and future decent work perception among undergraduate teacher education students in Fujian Province, China. The research focused mainly on the moderating role of proactive personality in these relationships. Data from 542 valid questionnaires revealed that perceived social support significantly influenced career exploration, impacting students' perceptions of future decent work. More importantly, our analysis showed that proactive personality intensified the positive effects of social support on career exploration activities, enhancing students' outlook on their future careers. These findings confirmed social cognitive theory's relevance in understanding career development processes and highlighted the potential of proactive personality traits to leverage social resources more effectively. Given the evolving educational demands and the current socio-economic conditions in China, our study suggested that educational programs should emphasize nurturing proactive behaviors and strengthening social support systems to better prepare students for future professional challenges. These insights were crucial for educators aiming to enhance the quality and effectiveness of teacher education programs, promoting a more robust entry into the workforce for future educators.
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Apoio Social , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , China , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Estudantes/psicologia , Escolha da Profissão , Personalidade/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Professores EscolaresRESUMO
Purpose: Economic pressure has become an important source of stress for employees. However, the conclusions regarding the relationship between financial stress and employees' work behavior are not consistent. The present study explored the relationship between financial stress and employee job performance with a Chinese sample and further explored how and when financial stress influenced job performance. Samples and Methods: The present study investigated five distinct companies operating in diverse sectors using a convenience sampling technique. Three hundred and twenty-one employees were recruited. Financial Stress, Job Performance, Work Engagement, and Emotional Exhaustion were measured for this investigation. The mediation effect was tested using a four-step procedure. The analysis of the moderated mediation model was performed using Hayes's PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results: The results found financial stress was positively related to job performance, and work engagement mediated the positive relationship between financial stress and job performance. In addition, emotional exhaustion moderated the mediating process between financial stress, work engagement, and job performance. Specifically, the beneficial effect of financial stress on work engagement disappeared when emotional exhaustion was high. Besides, a high level of emotional exhaustion weakened the positive relationship between work engagement and job performance. Conclusion: Financial stress plays a motivating role in employees' job performance in China. Work engagement is a key factor between financial stress and job performance. Notably, the positive effect of financial stress and work engagement on job performance is contingent upon the individual's level of emotional exhaustion. These results might explain the inconsistency of the effect of financial stress in previous research. Moreover, this finding suggests that emotional factors may not only be the result of stress but can also influence its effects.
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BACKGROUND: Many individuals consider nocturia a significant nuisance, leading to a reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, there has been a lack of psychometrically sound patient-reported outcome measures to assess the impact of nocturia on patients in Chinese contexts. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Nocturia Quality of Life Module (ICIQ-NQOL) for use among primary care patients in Hong Kong, China. Additionally, it sought to investigate the mechanisms that link nocturia and sleep quality with HRQOL by employing moderated mediation analysis. METHODS: The traditional Chinese version of the ICIQ-NQOL was developed through iterative translations, cognitive debriefing interviews, and panel reviews. The psychometric evaluation included assessments of factor structure, convergent validity, concurrent validity, known-group validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and responsiveness. Study instruments included the ICIQ-NQOL, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and a modified Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-Short Form (IIQ-7). RESULTS: A total of 419 primary care patients were recruited from general outpatient clinics, among whom 228 experiencing an average of two or more nocturia episodes per night over the past four weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of the ICIQ-NQOL. Concurrent validity was confirmed by moderate correlations between the IIQ-7 total score and the total score as well as two domain scores of the ICIQ-NQOL (r ranging from 0.43 to 0.49, all p < 0.001). The ICIQ-NQOL also had moderate correlations with the IPSS total symptom score (r ranging from 0.40 to 0.48, all p < 0.001). Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations between the global PSQI score and the total score as well as two domain scores of the ICIQ-NQOL (r ranging from 0.42 to 0.52, all p < 0.001). Known-group comparisons showed that the ICIQ-NQOL could differentiate between patients with and without nocturia in terms of sleep/energy domain score (p < 0.001), bother/concern domain score (p < 0.001), and total score (p < 0.001), each demonstrating a moderate Cohen's d effect size. Item-total correlations corrected for overlap exceeded 0.4, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were greater than 0.7. Test-retest reliability was confirmed with intraclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7 among patients reporting no change in their nocturia symptoms at a 2-week follow-up. Regarding responsiveness, the Cohen's d effect sizes for differences in domain and total scores between the baseline and 2-week follow-up assessments were greater than 0.3 among patients showing improvement in nocturia. Our moderated mediation analysis indicated that sleep quality significantly moderated the impact of nocturia on HRQOL, with a notably stronger indirect effect among females compared to males. CONCLUSIONS: The ICIQ-NQOL is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the HRQOL in primary care patients suffering from nocturia. The findings advocate for gender-specific approaches in the management and treatment of nocturia to optimize HRQOL.
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Noctúria , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Psicometria , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Noctúria/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Psicometria/métodos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Idoso , Inquéritos e Questionários , Hong Kong , Análise de Mediação , Adulto , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , China , Qualidade do SonoRESUMO
Background: Prior research has shown that inappropriate childhood nurturing experiences (low care and high overprotection), trait anxiety, and depressive rumination are risk factors for depression. However, no studies to date have analyzed the overall association between these factors and depressive symptoms. In the present study, we hypothesized that depressive rumination mediates the impacts of inappropriate childhood nurturing experiences on depressive symptoms, and that these mediating effects are moderated by trait anxiety, and tested these hypotheses in adult volunteers. Methods: The subjects were adult volunteers who were investigated between April 2017 and April 2018. A self-report questionnaire on demographic data, childhood nurturing experiences, trait anxiety, depressive rumination, and depressive symptoms was distributed to conduct the survey, and written informed consent and valid responses were obtained from 585 subjects. Mediation and moderated-mediation analyses were performed by SPSS 28 and macro PROCESS 4.0 software. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical University. Results: Parental care showed a significant negative indirect effect on depressive symptoms via its effect on depressive rumination (p < 0.01), whereas parental overprotection showed the opposite effect (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the mediation effect of depressive rumination on depressive symptoms was increased by trait anxiety (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our present study demonstrated that the main factor affecting depressive symptoms is inappropriate childhood nurturing experiences, which indirectly enhance depression by intensifying depressive rumination, and that depressive rumination and trait anxiety mutually reinforce each other to enhance depressive symptoms. These findings may be useful for the prevention of depressive symptoms. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm the causal associations among these factors in the future.
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Studies have shown that maladaptive parenting styles, particularly parental psychological control may be an important risk factor for emotional problems in adolescence. However, the potential mechanisms behind this association are still not fully understood. To fill the research gap, this study investigated the relationship between parental psychological control and depression and anxiety among adolescents. It also explored the mediating effect of bedtime procrastination and the moderating effect of neuroticism through a moderated mediation analysis. A sample of 665 adolescents (331 girls) were recruited from two secondary schools in southern China. All participants completed standardized self-report questionnaires measuring the severity of parental psychological control, bedtime procrastination, depression, anxiety, and neuroticism. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS macros. The results indicated that parental psychological control had a positive predictive effect on depression and anxiety among adolescents. Bedtime procrastination partially mediated the relationship between parental psychological control and depression, as well as parental psychological control and anxiety. Neuroticism was found to play a moderating role in the path from bedtime procrastination to depression and from bedtime procrastination to anxiety, with these effects being stronger for adolescents with higher levels of neuroticism. This study advances a deeper understanding of how and when or for whom parental psychological control is related to adolescents' severe depression and anxiety. Our findings suggest that intervention programs or strategies aimed at reducing parental psychological control and assisting adolescents in establishing healthy sleep hygiene practices should be developed to decrease the risk of depression and anxiety in adolescents.
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Ansiedade , Depressão , Neuroticismo , Poder Familiar , Procrastinação , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Masculino , Depressão/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , China , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais/psicologia , AutorrelatoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To explore the mediating role of trait anxious personality in the association between quality of life (QoL) and death anxiety (DA), as well as to test the moderating effect of social support in the mediation model. METHODS: The Death Anxiety Scale, Quality of Life Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale were used to measure 588 family caregivers of advanced cancer patients. We then constructed a moderated mediation model. RESULTS: The presence of QoL was negatively associated with DA (ß = - 0.67, p < 0.01). Trait anxious personality partially mediated the relationship between QoL and DA (indirect effect ß = - 0.08, p < 0.01). Social support moderated both the antecedent and subsequent segments of the mediating paths of "QoL â trait anxious personality â DA" and the direct relationship between QoL and DA. Among caregivers with a low level of social support, the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was higher at 0.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.059-0.182), in contrast to caregivers with a high level of social support, where the mediating effect coefficient of trait anxious personality was 0.11 (95% CI: 0.029-0.072). CONCLUSION: QoL is directly associated with an increased risk of DA and indirectly related to DA by increasing the risk of trait anxious personality among caregivers. Social support can moderate the mediating effect of trait anxious personality and the relationship between QoL and DA. The intervention strategy for preventing DA among caregivers who have encountered QoL reduction should focus on reducing trait anxious personality and social support.
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Ansiedade , Cuidadores , Neoplasias , Personalidade , Qualidade de Vida , Apoio Social , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Cuidadores/psicologia , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Atitude Frente a Morte , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that frailty is associated with depressive symptoms among older people and significantly increase the risk of difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL). However, uncertainties remain regarding the mechanisms behind such relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of ADL in the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms among older adults in China, and to explore to what extend sleep duration moderated the association between ADL and depressive symptoms. Methods: In this study, we carried out cross-sectional descriptive analysis and 1,429 participants were included in the analysis. A survey was conducted using questionnaires and instruments measuring frailty, depressive symptoms, ADL and sleep duration. Bootstrap analyses served to explore the impact of ADL in mediating frailty and depressed symptoms, as well as the effect of sleep duration in moderating ADL and depressive symptoms. Results: Compared to the robust group, the mediating effects of ADL between frailty and depressive symptoms were significant in the prefrail group and the frail group. The interaction term between sleep duration and ADL was significantly presented in the regression on depressive symptoms. Specifically, the Johnson-Neyman technique determined a range from 8.31 to 10.19 h for sleep duration, within which the detrimental effect of frailty on depressive symptoms was offset. Conclusion: Sleep duration moderated the indirect effect of ADL on the association between frailty and depressive symptoms. This provides support for unraveling the underlying mechanism of the association between frailty and depressive symptoms. Encouraging older adults to enhance ADL and obtain appropriate sleep duration might improve depressive symptoms for older adults with frailty and prefrailty.
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In the present study, we explored the relationship between proactive personality and career adaptability to construct a cross-level moderated mediation model based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory. By conducting a time-lagged study involving three data collection points from 587 employees across 104 teams in China, we examined how and when proactive personality predicts employees' career adaptability using strengths use as a mediator and managerial coaching as boundary conditions. The results revealed that proactive personality predicted strengths use, which, in turn, influenced career adaptability, with managerial coaching moderating the indirect relationship between proactive personality and career adaptability. Consequently, our findings suggest that, in contexts where managerial coaching lacks guidance, facilitation, and inspiration, a proactive personality encourages employees to leverage their strengths, subsequently enhancing their career adaptability. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings, address limitations, and propose directions for future research.
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BACKGROUND: This theoretical model has been drawn on principles of social exchange theory to scrutinize the connection between organizational virtuousness and job performance with the mediating role of Organizational citizenship behavior and moderating role of workplace ostracism. A survey was conducted in Pakistan, gathering data from 486 employees working for various private and commercial banks. METHOD: Soft and hard questionnaires were distributed to the participants, with social media platforms used for the soft questionnaires and meetings with employees for the hard questionnaires. A 7-point Likert scale was employed in data collection, and measures for the variables were adapted from reliable and valid sources. A demographic analysis was performed to summarize the sample collected from participants. The demographics results were analyzed using SPSS, while the measurement model and path analysis were conducted using Structural Equational Modeling with Smart PLS-4. RESULTS: The study's findings showed a significant and positive relationship between organizational virtuousness and job performance, with organizational citizenship behavior serving as a mediator. Additionally, a negative moderation of workplace ostracism was observed in the mediation of organizational citizenship behavior toward the relationship between organizational virtuousness and job performance. CONCLUSION: The study's results contribute to the implementation of social exchange theory and related concepts in the banking sector of Pakistan, providing practical guidance for implementing virtuous practices within organizations and discouraging ostracism in banks to enhance overall performance. The study suggests that policies regarding the implementation of virtuous practices in organizations can be established, and workplace ostracism can be avoided by providing a platform for social gatherings and training employees. Managers should adopt appropriate leadership styles and relevant communication patterns to impact the organizational climate which can also help reduce the influence of ostracism in the organization. Additionally, a complaint cell should be established with complete confidentiality to reduce ostracism.
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Cultura Organizacional , Desempenho Profissional , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Paquistão , Masculino , Local de Trabalho/psicologia , Local de Trabalho/organização & administração , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comportamento Social , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Classes Latentes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Childhood Emotional Abuse (CEA) is a known risk factor for Non Suicidal Self-injury (NSSI), which could have devastating repercussions. This study aimed to establish whether Parent-Child Attachment (PCA) and depressive symptoms mediated the CEA-NSSI relationship, as well as whether school connectedness moderated both the direct and indirect relationships between CEA and NSSI. METHODS: Between November and December 2022, 7447 Chinese adolescents in high schools were surveyed through multi-stage cluster random sampling. The participants completed self-reported questionnaires that assessed CEA, PCA, depressive symptoms, school connectedness, and NSSI. Relationships between these variables were examined through moderated mediation analysis using SPSS macro-PROCESS. RESULTS: After controlling for sociodemographic variables, we found that CEA correlated positively with NSSI through two different pathways: the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the chain-mediating role of both PCA and depressive symptoms. Moreover, school connectedness could moderate the direct and indirect relationships between CEA and NSSI. LIMITATIONS: The study's cross-sectional design does not allow for causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, PCA, depressive symptoms, and school connectedness could affect the CEA-NSSI relationship.