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Recent studies have found that lncRNA-MEG3(MEG3) plays an important role in the development of EMs (Endometriosis), but the specific mechanism needs to be further explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MEG3 on the proliferation, invasion of EMs cells. The authors used RT-qPCR to detect the expression of MEG3 and miR-21-5p in EMs tissues and hESCs cells, MTT and Transwell to detect cell proliferation and invasion, western blotting assay to detect the expression of DNMT3B and Twist, MSP to detect the methylation of Twist. The present study's detection results showed that MEG3 was lowly expressed in EMs tissues and hESCs cells, and overexpression of MEG3 could down-regulate miR-21-5p and inhibit endometrial cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, overexpression of MEG3 upregulated the expression of DNMT3B and promoted the methylation of TWIST. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that MEG3 is downregulated in EMs tissues, and overexpression of MEG3 can promote the activity of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B by downregulating miR-21-5p, thereby promoting the methylation of Twist, downregulating Twist level to inhibits hESCs cells proliferation and invasion.
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MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Feminino , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células/genéticaRESUMO
Abstract Recent studies have found that lncRNA-MEG3(MEG3) plays an important role in the development of EMs (Endometriosis), but the specific mechanism needs to be further explored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MEG3 on the proliferation, invasion of EMs cells. The authors used RT-qPCR to detect the expression of MEG3 and miR-21-5p in EMs tissues and hESCs cells, MTT and Transwell to detect cell proliferation and invasion, western blotting assay to detect the expression of DNMT3B and Twist, MSP to detect the methylation of Twist. The present study's detection results showed that MEG3 was lowly expressed in EMs tissues and hESCs cells, and overexpression of MEG3 could down-regulate miR-21-5p and inhibit endometrial cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, overexpression of MEG3 upregulated the expression of DNMT3B and promoted the methylation of TWIST. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that MEG3 is downregulated in EMs tissues, and overexpression of MEG3 can promote the activity of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B by downregulating miR-21-5p, thereby promoting the methylation of Twist, downregulating Twist level to inhibits hESCs cells proliferation and invasion.
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Platelet count is widely used for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with dengue. Despite its close viral structural and symptomatic homology, ZIKV infection does not typically induce significant thrombocytopenia. To determine the effect of DENV-2 and ZIKV infection on human platelet precursors we utilized MEG-01 cell line to evaluate the viral infection, viability, innate gene expression and release of platelet-like particles (PLPs). DENV-2 induced a higher proportion of cell death at 48-72 h post-infection than ZIKV. The median range of intracellular NS1+/E+ cells was 11.2% (3.3%-25%) and 5% (3%-8.1%) for DENV-2 and ZIKV, respectively (p = 0.03). MEG-01 cells infected with DENV-2 quickly expressed higher levels of IFN-ß, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase and CXCL10 mRNA compared to ZIKV infected cells and DENV-2 but not ZIKV infection reduced the number PLPs from stimulated MEG-01 cells. The results shed light into mechanisms including thrombocytopenia present in patients with DENV but absent in ZIKV infections.
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Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne viral illnesses found in tropical and subtropical regions. Colombia has one of the highest rates of dengue cases in the Americas. Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection presents with capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and organ compromise, eventually leading to death. Over the years, there have been many efforts to develop a vaccine that guarantees protective immunity, but they have been partially successful, as such immunity would need to guarantee protection against four distinct viral serotypes. Absolute platelet count is a laboratory parameter used to monitor the clinical progression of DENV, as infection is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Although this finding is well described with respect to the natural history of the disease, there are various hypotheses as to the cause of this rapid decrease, and several in vivo and ex vivo models have been used to explain the effect of DENV infection on platelets and their precursors. DENV infects and activates platelets, facilitating their elimination through recognition by phagocytic cells and peripheral margination. However, infection also affects the precursors in the bone marrow by modulating megakaryopoiesis. The objective of this article is to explore various proposed mechanisms of DENV-induced thrombocytopenia to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of this highly relevant viral infection.
Assuntos
Plaquetas , Dengue , Trombocitopenia , Plaquetas/virologia , Dengue/complicações , Vírus da Dengue , Humanos , Trombocitopenia/virologiaRESUMO
Being able to anticipate events before they happen facilitates stimulus processing. The anticipation of the contents of events is thought to be implemented by the elicitation of prestimulus templates in sensory cortex. In contrast, the anticipation of the timing of events is typically associated with entrainment of neural oscillations. It is so far unknown whether and in which conditions temporal expectations interact with feature-based expectations, and, consequently, whether entrainment modulates the generation of content-specific sensory templates. In this study, we investigated the role of temporal expectations in a sensory discrimination task. We presented participants with rhythmically interleaved visual and auditory streams of relevant and irrelevant stimuli while measuring neural activity using magnetoencephalography. We found no evidence that rhythmic stimulation induced prestimulus feature templates. However, we did observe clear anticipatory rhythmic preactivation of the relevant sensory cortices. This oscillatory activity peaked at behaviourally relevant, in-phase, intervals. Our results suggest that temporal expectations about stimulus features do not behave similarly to explicitly cued, nonrhythmic, expectations, yet elicit a distinct form of modality-specific preactivation.
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Sinais (Psicologia) , Magnetoencefalografia , HumanosRESUMO
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are single-stranded RNA biomolecules with a length of >200 nt, and they are currently considered to be master regulators of many pathological processes. Recent publications have shown that lncRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of insulin resistance (IR) and glucose homeostasis by regulating inflammatory and lipogenic processes. lncRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to other non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, proteins, and DNA. In recent years, several mechanisms have been reported to explain the key roles of lncRNAs in the development of IR, including metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), imprinted maternal-ly expressed transcript (H19), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT), and steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), and downregulated Expression-Related Hexose/Glucose Transport Enhancer (DREH). LncRNAs participate in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the inflammatory process, and oxidative stress through different pathways, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1/element-binding transcription factor 1c (PTBP1/SREBP-1c), AKT/nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), AKT/forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK). On the other hand, the mechanisms linked to the molecular, cellular, and biochemical actions of lncRNAs vary according to the tissue, biological species, and the severity of IR. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the role of lncRNAs in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose and lipid metabolism. This review analyzes the function and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs involved in the development of IR.
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Resistência à Insulina/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Animais , Glucose/genética , Humanos , Insulina/genética , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most leading cause of cancer worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease with at least five molecular subtypes including luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, HER2-enriched, and normal-like. These five molecular subtypes are usually stratified according to their mRNA profile patterns; however, ncRNAs are increasingly being used for this purpose. Among the ncRNAs class, the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are molecules with more than 200 nucleotides with versatile regulatory roles; and high tissue-specific expression profiles. The heterogeneity of BRCA can also be reflected regarding tumor microenvironment immune cells composition, which can directly impact a patient's prognosis and therapy response. Using BRCA immunogenomics data from a previous study, we propose here a bioinformatics approach to include lncRNAs complexity in BRCA molecular and immune subtype. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BRCA cohort was analyzed, and signal-to-noise ratio metrics were applied to create these subtype-specific signatures. Five immune-related signatures were generated with approximately ten specific lncRNAs, which were then functionally analyzed using GSEA enrichment and survival analysis. We highlighted here some lncRNAs in each subtype. LINC01871 is related to immune response activation and favorable overall survival in basal-like samples; EBLN3P is related to immune response suppression and progression in luminal B, MEG3, XXYLT1-AS2, and LINC02613 were related with immune response activation in luminal A, HER2-enriched and normal-like subtypes, respectively. In this way, we emphasize the need to know better the role of lncRNAs as regulators of immune response to provide new perspectives regarding diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutical targets in BRCA molecular subtypes.
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BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies and the efficacy of chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation is limited in clinical application. Curcumin has been reported to block cancer development by modulating multiple signaling pathways. However, whether curcumin can inhibit gemcitabine-resistant non-small cell lung cancer through regulation of lncRNA and the involved molecular mechanisms are rarely reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MTT assay, clonogenic assay, apoptosis assay, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, xenograft experiment were carried out in the present study. RESULTS: The results showed that curcumin suppressed gemcitabine-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Curcumin upregulated the expression of lncRNA-MEG3 and PTEN, and MEG3 overexpression could increase the level of PTEN expression, while MEG3 knockdown decreased the level of PTEN expression in gemcitabine-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. Curcumin treatment failed to inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in MEG3 knockdown or PTEN knockdown cells. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show the antitumor activity of curcumin for potential clinical application in gemcitabine-resistant non-small cell lung cancer treatment.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Curcumina/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/fisiologia , RNA Longo não Codificante/fisiologia , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Desoxicitidina/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Humanos , Transdução de Sinais , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , GencitabinaRESUMO
Sequence databases on Schistosoma mansoni have revealed micro-exon gene (MEGs) families. Many of these genes are highly expressed in parasite life cycle stages associated with the mammalian host infection and appear to be involved in immune evasion by schistosomes. So, we believe that MEG-coding proteins would make potential candidates for vaccine development or diagnosis for schistosomiasis. Here, we study MEG-3.2 and MEG-3.4, members of the MEG-3 family. Recombinant (r) proteins were produced and formulated with Freund's adjuvant for vaccination of mice. Immunization with recombinant MEG-3.2 or MEG-3.4 formulation generated high levels of IgG1 antibodies. Additionally, vaccination also induced a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17-type of response, since IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-17 cytokines were detected in the supernatant of spleen cell cultures; however it failed to induce reduction in parasitic worm burden. Finally, the recombinant proteins were evaluated in a serological assay using human samples. Schistosome-infected individuals showed higher levels of both IgG and IgM against rMEG-3.2 compared to non-infected individuals, while only IgM anti-rMEG-3.4 antibodies were elevated in infected patients. Therefore, between both studied molecules, MEG-3.2 protein is the antigen that shows potential to compose a serological diagnosis test for schistosomiasis.
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Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Schistosoma mansoni/imunologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/prevenção & controle , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Esquistossomose mansoni/sangue , Esquistossomose mansoni/diagnóstico , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Neste trabalho faço uma exploração sobre o objeto estético, descrito por Meg Harris Williams como um processo da mentalidade estética. Tecendo associações entre poemas, experiências emocionais e sonhos, vou construindo um texto, em que as ideias nascidas são compreendidas como função dos objetos internos que, no recolhimento de sua câmera nupcial, criam símbolos, pensamentos oníricos e pensamentos de cuja matéria se fazem pensamentos.
In this paper I explore the aesthetic object described by Meg Harris Williams as a process of the aesthetic mindset. Weaving associations among poems, emotional experiences and dreams I build a text where the born ideas are understood as a function of the internal objects that, in the recollection of their "bridal camera", create symbols, dream thoughts and thoughts from whose matter thoughts are made.
En este artículo exploro el objeto estético descrito por Meg Harris Williams como un proceso de mentalidad estética. Tejiendo asociaciones entre poemas, experiencias emocionales y sueños construyo un texto donde las ideas nacidas se entienden como una función de los objetos internos que, en el recuerdo de su "cámara nupcial", crean símbolos, pensamientos y pensamientos de los sueños de los cuales están hechos los pensamientos.
Dans cet article, j'explore l'objet esthétique décrit par Meg Harris Williams en tant que processus de la mentalité esthétique. Tissant des associations entre poèmes, expériences émotionnelles et rêves, je construis un texte dans lequel les idées nées sont comprises comme une fonction des objets internes qui, dans le souvenir de leur "chambre nupciale", créent des symboles, des pensées de rêve et des pensées à partir desquelles des pensées sont créées.
Assuntos
PsicanáliseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Auditory encoding abnormalities, gray-matter loss, and cognitive deficits are all candidate schizophrenia (SZ) endophenotypes. This study evaluated associations between and heritability of auditory network attributes (function and structure) and attention in healthy controls (HC), SZ patients, and unaffected relatives (UR). METHODS: Whole-brain maps of M100 auditory activity from magnetoencephalography recordings, cortical thickness (CT), and a measure of attention were obtained from 70 HC, 69 SZ patients, and 35 UR. Heritability estimates (h2r) were obtained for M100, CT at each group-difference region, and the attention measure. RESULTS: SZ patients had weaker bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) M100 responses than HC and a weaker right frontal M100 response than UR. Abnormally large M100 responses in left superior frontal gyrus were observed in UR and SZ patients. SZ patients showed smaller CT in bilateral STG and right frontal regions. Interrelatedness between 3 putative SZ endophenotypes was demonstrated, although in the left STG the M100 and CT function-structure associations observed in HC and UR were absent in SZ patients. Heritability analyses also showed that right frontal M100 and bilateral STG CT measures are significantly heritable. CONCLUSIONS: Present findings indicated that the 3 SZ endophenotypes examined are not isolated markers of pathology but instead are connected. The pattern of auditory encoding group differences and the pattern of brain function-structure associations differ as a function of brain region, indicating the need for regional specificity when studying these endophenotypes, and with the presence of left STG function-structure associations in HC and UR but not in SZ perhaps reflecting disease-associated damage to gray matter that disrupts function-structure relationships in SZ.
Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Percepção Auditiva/fisiologia , Endofenótipos , Lobo Frontal , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Substância Cinzenta/patologia , Rede Nervosa , Esquizofrenia , Lobo Temporal , Adulto , Família , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/patologia , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Magnetoencefalografia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rede Nervosa/patologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Lobo Temporal/patologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), a tumor suppressor, is critical for the carcinogenesis and progression of different cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, the roles of lncRNA MEG3 in HCC are not well illustrated. Therefore, this study used western blot and qRT-PCR to evaluate the expression of MEG3, miR-9-5p, and Sex determining Region Y-related HMG-box 11 (SOX11) in HCC tissues and cell lines. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assay were used to evaluate these molecular interactions. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry detected the viability and apoptosis of HCC cells, respectively. The results showed that MEG3 and SOX11 were poorly expressed but miR-9-5p was highly expressed in HCC. The expression levels of these molecules suggested a negative correlation between MEG3 and miR-9-5p and a positive correlation with SOX11, confirmed by Pearson's correlation analysis and biology experiments. Furthermore, MEG3 could combine with miR-9-5p, and SOX11 was a direct target of miR-9-5p. Moreover, MEG3 over-expression promoted cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in HCC cells through sponging miR-9-5p to up-regulate SOX11. Therefore, the interactions among MEG3, miR-9-5p, and SOX11 might offer a novel insight for understanding HCC pathogeny and provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Transfecção , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Ativação Transcricional , Regulação para Cima , Apoptose/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXC/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
To avoid gas hydrate formation during oil and gas production, companies usually employ thermodynamic inhibitors consisting of hydroxyl compounds, such as monoethylene glycol (MEG). However, these inhibitors may cause other types of fouling during production such as inorganic salt deposits (scale). Calcium carbonate is one of the main scaling salts and is a great concern, especially for the new pre-salt wells being explored in Brazil. Hence, it is important to understand how using inhibitors to control gas hydrate formation may be interacting with the scale formation process. Multiple regression and design of experiments were used to mathematically model the calcium carbonate scaling process and its evolution in the presence of MEG. It was seen that MEG, although inducing the precipitation by increasing the supersaturation ratio, actually works as a scale inhibitor for calcium carbonate in concentrations over 40%. This effect was not due to changes in the viscosity, as suggested in the literature, but possibly to the binding of MEG to the CaCO3 particles' surface. The interaction of the MEG inhibition effect with the system's variables was also assessed, when temperature' and calcium concentration were more relevant.
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Carbonato de Cálcio/química , Etilenoglicol/química , Modelos Químicos , Precipitação Química , Análise de Regressão , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
ABSTRACT: The effect of the incorporation of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and nut meg (Myristicafragrans) essential oils in alginate-based edible coatings that were applied on minimally processed apples, is reported. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 1.25mg.mL-1 (cinnamon) and 2.50mg.mL-1 (nutmeg), against both Escherichia coli and Penicillium commune. Over storage periods there was a significant reduction in the E. coli and P. commune counts compared to the control. The extent of enzymatic browning was also significantly reduced in the coated samples. In the coated minimally processed apples sensory tests, the flavor had the lowest rating of the properties analyzed, for both treatments, followed by aroma and firmness.
RESUMO: O efeito da incorporação dos óleos essenciais de canela (Cinnamomum cassia) e noz-moscada (Myristicafragrans) em revestimentos comestíveis à base de alginato, aplicados em maçãs minimamente processadas é apresentado. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas foram de 1,25mg.mL-1 (canela) e 2,50mg.mL-1 (noz-moscada), contra Escherichia colie Penicillium commune. Durante o armazenamento, houve redução significativa nas contagens de E.coli e P. Commune em comparação com o controle. A extensão do escurecimento enzimático também foi significativamente reduzida nas amostras revestidas. Nas análises sensoriais, o sabor dos óleos essenciais apresentou a menor classificação das propriedades analisadas, tanto para os óleos essenciais, quanto para aroma e firmeza.
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The effect of the incorporation of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) and nut meg (Myristicafragrans) essential oils in alginate-based edible coatings that were applied on minimally processed apples, is reported. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 1.25mg.mL-1 (cinnamon) and 2.50mg.mL-1 (nutmeg), against both Escherichia coli and Penicillium commune. Over storage periods there was a significant reduction in the E. coli and P. commune counts compared to the control. The extent of enzymatic browning was also significantly reduced in the coated samples. In the coated minimally processed apples sensory tests, the flavor had the lowest rating of the properties analyzed, for both treatments, followed by aroma and firmness.(AU)
O efeito da incorporação dos óleos essenciais de canela (Cinnamomum cassia) e noz-moscada (Myristicafragrans) em revestimentos comestíveis à base de alginato, aplicados em maçãs minimamente processadas é apresentado. As concentrações inibitórias mínimas foram de 1,25mg.mL-1 (canela) e 2,50mg.mL-1 (noz-moscada), contra Escherichia colie Penicillium commune. Durante o armazenamento, houve redução significativa nas contagens de E.coli e P. Commune em comparação com o controle. A extensão do escurecimento enzimático também foi significativamente reduzida nas amostras revestidas. Nas análises sensoriais, o sabor dos óleos essenciais apresentou a menor classificação das propriedades analisadas, tanto para os óleos essenciais, quanto para aroma e firmeza.(AU)
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We demonstrate a method to estimate key electrophysiological parameters from resting state data. In this paper, we focus on the estimation of head-position parameters. The recovery of these parameters is especially challenging as they are non-linearly related to the measured field. In order to do this we use an empirical Bayesian scheme to estimate the cortical current distribution due to a range of laterally shifted head-models. We compare different methods of approaching this problem from the division of M/EEG data into stationary sections and performing separate source inversions, to explaining all of the M/EEG data with a single inversion. We demonstrate this through estimation of head position in both simulated and empirical resting state MEG data collected using a head-cast.
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Platelets are the most prominent elements of blood tissue involved in hemostasis at sites of blood vessel injury. Platelet cytoskeleton is responsible for their shape modifications observed during activation and adhesion to the substratum; therefore the interactions between cytoskeleton and plasma membrane are critical to modulate blood platelet functions. Several cytoskeletal components and binding partners, as well as enzymes that regulate the cytoskeleton, localize to membrane/lipid rafts (MLR) and regulate lateral diffusion of membrane proteins and lipids. Resting, thrombin-activated, and adherent human platelets were processed for biochemical studies including western-blot and immunprecipitation assays and confocal analysis were performed to characterize the interaction of MLR with the main cytoskeleton elements and ß-dystroglycan as well as with the association of caveolin-1 PY14 with focal adhesion proteins. We transfected a megakaryoblast cell line (Meg-01) to deplete ß-dystroglycan, subsequent to their differentiation to the platelet progenitors. Our data showed a direct interaction of the MLR with cytoskeleton to regulate platelet shape, while an association of caveolin-1 PY14 with vinculin is needed to establish focal adhesions, which are modulated for ß-dystroglycan. In conclusion, caveolin-1 PY14 in association with platelet cytoskeleton participate in focal adhesions dynamics.
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Plaquetas/citologia , Caveolina 1/metabolismo , Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Microdomínios da Membrana/metabolismo , Vinculina/metabolismo , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Adesão Celular , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular , Distroglicanas/metabolismo , Proteína-Tirosina Quinases de Adesão Focal/metabolismo , Humanos , Células Progenitoras de Megacariócitos/citologia , Trombina/metabolismoRESUMO
In this study, we examined whether luminance processing in the human visual system would exhibit any history effect (i.e., inter-trial modulation) in psychophysical and magnetoencephalographic experiments. A disk was presented against a black background at various luminance levels in a randomized order. During the MEG recording, participants were instructed to rate the brightness of the disk (magnitude estimation) and to report it aloud during inter-stimulus interval. The MEG results showed that the neuromagnetic activation around 200-220 ms after the stimulus onset in the left occipito-temporal regions at a given trial was weaker when the disk luminance in the immediately prior trial was higher. An inverse inter-trial effect was also observed in the psychophysical experiment. These findings suggest that the neuromagnetic activity reflects the inter-trial modulation of luminance processing that correlates with the subjective perception of brightness.
En este estudio, se examinó si el procesamiento de iluminación en el sistema visual humano exhibie algún efecto de historia (es decir, modulación inter-ensayo) en experimentos psicofísicos y de magnetoencefalografía (MEG). Un disco se presentó contra un fondo negro en varios niveles de iluminación en un orden aleatorio. Durante el registro de MEG, los participantes fueron instruidos para clasificar el brillo del disco (estimación de magnitud) y reportarlo durante el intervalo inter-ensayo. Los resultados de MEG mostraron que la activación neuromagnetica alrededor 200-220 ms después de la aparición de estímulo en las regiones occipito-temporal izquierda en un ensayo dade fue más débil cuando la iluminación de disco en el ensayo inmediatamente antes fue mayor. También se observó un efecto inverso inter-ensayo en el experimento psicofísico. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la actividad neuromagnética refleja la modulación inter-ensayo de procesamiento de iluminación que se correlaciona con la percepción subjetiva de brillo.
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Percepção , MagnetoencefalografiaRESUMO
The Drosophila-like homolog 1 (DLK1), a transmembrane signal protein similar to other members of the Notch/Delta/Serrate family, regulates the differentiation process in many types of mammalian cells. Callipyge sheep and DLK1 knockout mice are excellent examples of a fundamental role of the gene encoding DLK1 in muscle growth and fat deposition. DLK1 is located within co-regulated imprinted clusters (the DLK1/DIO3 domain), along with other imprinted genes. Some of these, e.g. the RNA coding MEG3 gene, presumedly interfere with DLK1 transcription. The aim of our study was to analyze DLK1 and MEG3 gene expression in porcine tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, heart, brain stem) during postnatal development. The highest expression of both DLK1 and MEG3 variant 1 (MEG3 var.1) was observed in the brain-stem and muscles, whereas that of MEG3 variant 2 (MEG3var.2) was the most abundant in muscles and the heart. During development (between 60 and 210 days of age) expression of analyzed genes was down-regulated in all the tissues. An exception was the brain- stem, where there was no significant change in MEG3 (both variants) mRNA level, and relatively little decline (2-fold) in that of DLK1 transcription. This may indicate a distinct function of the DLK1 gene in the brain-stem, when compared with other tissues.