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ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) can occur from recent or unusual physical activity, leading to a temporary reduction in muscle function. And increased pain. Several articles indicate the positive impacts of creatine on EIMD. Objective: Evaluate the impact of creatine on EIMD. Methods: Online searches were performed in Scopus, Embase, Medline and Google scholar until March 2022. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. To assess the quality of the studies, the Cochrane collaboration system was used for risk and bias analysis. Due to the high heterogeneity of interventions and studies designed, a meta-analysis was not performed. The current paper reveals that creatine intake is preferable to inactive recovery and only a rest period between several harmful and exhausting physical activities. Conclusion: Benefits were attenuated in EIMD markers that reduce muscle operation and muscle strength loss after exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Manuscript review.
RESUMO Introdução: O dano muscular induzido pelo exercício (EIMD) pode acontecer por atividade física recente ou não habitual e leva a uma redução temporária da função muscular. e aumento da dor. Vários artigos indicam impactos positivos da creatina sobre a EIMD. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da creatina sobre a EIMD. Métodos: Foram feitas pesquisas eletrônicas em Scopus, Embase, Medline e Google scholar até março de 2022. Resultados: Treze estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos, o sistema de colaboração Cochrane foi utilizado na análise de risco e viés. Devido à alta heterogeneidade de intervenções e estudos desenhados, a meta-análise não foi realizada. As informações do documento atual revelam que a ingestão de creatina é preferível a uma recuperação inativa e apenas um período de repouso entre diversas atividades físicas prejudiciais e exaustivas. Conclusão: Os benefícios evidenciaram-se atenuados nos marcadores EIMD que reduzem a operação muscular e a perda de força muscular após os exercícios. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Revisão de manuscritos.
RESUMEN Introducción: el daño muscular inducido por el ejercicio (EIMD) puede producirse por una actividad física reciente o inusual y provoca una reducción temporal de la función muscular y un aumento del dolor. Varios artículos indican impactos positivos de la creatina en la EIMD. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la creatina en la EIMD. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en Scopus, Embase, Medline y Google scholar hasta marzo de 2022. Resultados: Trece estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Para evaluar la calidad de los estudios, se utilizó el sistema de colaboración Cochrane para el análisis de riesgos y sesgos. Debido a la gran heterogeneidad de las intervenciones y de los estudios diseñados, no se realizó un metanálisis. La información del presente documento revela que la ingesta de creatina es preferible a una recuperación inactiva y sólo un período de descanso entre varias actividades físicas perjudiciales y agotadoras. Conclusión: Los beneficios se mostraron atenuados en los marcadores EIMD que reducen el funcionamiento muscular y la pérdida de fuerza muscular después del ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Revisión de manuscritos.
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Objectives: The aim of the manuscript was to analyze the effects of two rest periods between volume-equated resistance exercise (RE) on inflammatory responses (cytokines and leukocyte) and muscle damage. Methods: Ten trained men (26.40 ± 4.73 years, 80.71 ± 8.95 kg, and 176.03 ± 6.11 cm) voluntarily participated in training sessions consisting of five sets of 10 reps performed at 10-RM on (1) the barbell bench press followed by (2) leg press, with either 1- or 3-min rest between sets and exercises. Circulating concentrations of different biomarkers was measured before (Pre), and after 3 h (excepted for cytokines), 6, 12, and 24 h from exercise. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after each set on both planned visits. Results: We found greater increases triggered by the 1-min rest period in Creatine Kinase (CK), occurring from 12 to 24 h post-exercise compared to the 3-min rest condition. A significant increase in the 1-min rest condition was also observed in the total number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. The 1-min rest period also triggered increases compared to baseline in pro-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), p = 0.004; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), p = 0.01; and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), p = 0.01], which were more evident after 6 and 12 h post-exercise. Similarly, increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin 5 (IL-5), p = 0.01; Interleukin 6 (IL-6), p = 0.01; and Interleukin 10 (IL-10), p = 0.01] at all time-points were observed. Conclusion: Our results indicate that a 1-min rest condition in volume-equated RE promoted greater overall muscle tissue damage with a longer duration of the inflammatory processes compared to a 3-min rest.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Blood biomarkers are measurable metabolic products that allow objective monitoring of the training process, and their analysis provides an opportunity to improve athletic performance. Objective To evaluate blood lactate concentrations in a group of the Valle League weightlifting athletes as a tool to determine the effects of training and its direct relationship to performance during competition. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study. Lactate levels of 32 weightlifting athletes belonging to the Valle Weightlifting League were evaluated. Blood samples were taken from the ear lobe to quantify the lactate concentration, using a Scout Lactate analyzer. Samples were taken before and after a high intensity training section consisting of four maximum repetition (MR) sports gestures, in which 5 series and 15 repetitions were performed for each sports gesture, with a rest period of 40 seconds between each exercise. The software program SPSS, version 25, was used to determine the lactate concentrations. Results An average lactate concentration 22.46 mg/dL was obtained for the athletes at rest, and an average of 98.30 mg/dL in the final lactate concentration, after high intensity exercise. Significant differences were found between the initial and final lactate concentrations. Conclusion Lactate concentration increases with physical activity; it varies from one individual to another; and it can be used as a biomarker of intensity of physical activity in the field of sports. Level of evidence; II type of study: Prognostic Studies Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on a disease outcome.
RESUMO Introdução Os biomarcadores sanguíneos são produtos metabólicos mensuráveis que permitem a monitorização objetiva do processo de treino, e sua análise é uma oportunidade para melhorar o desempenho atlético. Objetivos Avaliar as concentrações de lactato no sangue de um grupo de atletas de halterofilismo da Liga Valle como ferramenta para determinar os efeitos do treino e sua relação direta com o desempenho durante a competição. Métodos Este é um estudo transversal e observacional. Foram avaliados os níveis de lactato em 32 atletas da Liga de Halterofilismo Valle. A amostra de sangue foi retirada do lóbulo da orelha com o intuito de quantificar a concentração de lactato com o analisador Scout Lactate. As amostras foram colhidas antes e depois de uma seção de treino de alta intensidade, que consistiu em quatro gestos esportivos de repetição máxima (RM), nos quais foram realizadas 5 séries e 15 repetições para cada gesto esportivo, com um período de repouso de 40 segundos entre cada exercício. O software SPSS, versão 25 foi usado para determinar as concentrações de lactato. Resultados A concentração média de lactato nos atletas em repouso foi 22,46 mg/dl e a concentração média final foi de 98,30 mg/dl depois de exercício de alta intensidade. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas ao comparar a concentração inicial com a concentração final de lactato. Conclusões A concentração de lactato aumenta com a realização da atividade física, é variável de um indivíduo para outro e pode ser usada como biomarcador de intensidade da atividade física na área dos esportes. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos prognósticos - Investigação do efeito de característica de um paciente sobre o desfecho da doença.
RESUMEN Introducción Los biomarcadores sanguíneos son productos metabólicos mensurables que permiten la monitorización objetiva del proceso de entrenamiento, y su análisis es una oportunidad para mejorar el desempeño atlético. Objetivos Evaluar las concentraciones de lactato en la sangre de un grupo de atletas de halterofilia de la Liga Valle como herramienta para determinar los efectos del entrenamiento y su relación directa con el desempeño durante la competición. Métodos Este es un estudio transversal y observacional. Fueron evaluados los niveles de lactato en 32 atletas de la Liga de Halterofilia Valle. La muestra de sangre fue retirada del lóbulo de la oreja con el objetivo de cuantificar la concentración de lactato con el analizador Scout Lactate. Las muestras fueron tomadas antes y después de una sección de entrenamiento de alta intensidad, que consistió en cuatro gestos deportivos de repetición máxima (RM), en los que se realizaron 5 series y 15 repeticiones para cada gesto deportivo, con un período de descanso de 40 segundos entre cada ejercicio. El software SPSS versión 25 fue usado para determinar las concentraciones de lactato. Resultados La concentración promedio de lactato en los atletas en reposo fue 22,46 mg/dl y la concentración promedio final fue de 98,30 mg/dl después del ejercicio de alta intensidad. Fueron encontradas diferencias significativas al comparar la concentración inicial con la concentración final de lactato. Conclusiones La concentración de lactato aumenta con la realización de actividad física, es variable de un individuo para otro, y puede ser usada como biomarcador de intensidad de la actividad física en el área de los deportes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios pronósticos - Investigación del efecto de característica de un paciente sobre el resultado de la enfermedad
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Metabolismo Basal , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Força Muscular , Atletas , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Colômbia , Desempenho AtléticoRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar simultaneamente biomarcadores no sangue e no líquido peritoneal (LP) de bovinos com enfermidades intestinais (GI n=14) e reticulites traumáticas (GII n=13). O exame clínico e a coleta de sangue e de LP foram realizadas e, posteriormente, análise física e citológica do LP, bem como as determinações bioquímicas no sangue e no LP. Empregou-se a análise de variância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade comparando os grupos e comparando o sangue e o LP. Em ambos os grupos foram evidenciados sinais de apatia, desidratação e hipomotilidade reticuloruminal, porém os animais do GI apresentaram alterações clínicas mais expressivas. À análise citológica do LP No sangue as concentrações de PT, globulina, colesterol e GGT foram superiores no GII (P<0,05), e a relação A/G foi maior no GI (P<0,05). No LP a albumina e a CK foram superiores no GI (P<0,05). Na comparação entre o sangue e LP, destacou-se o aumento significativo do lactato L no LP de ambos os grupos (P<0,05), caracterizando a gravidade das alterações presentes na cavidade abdominal. Recomendase a avaliação simultânea no sangue e no LP do lactato L como informação de auxílio diagnóstico e prognóstico das enfermidades digestivas dos bovinos.(AU)
The objective of this study was to simultaneously evaluate biomarkers in the blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of cattle with intestinal diseases (GI n=14) and traumatic reticulitis (GII n=13). A clinical examination and blood collection and PF were performed and subsequently, physical and cytological analysis of PF, as well as biochemical determinations in blood and PF. The analysis of variance was used at a 5% probability level comparing the groups and comparing blood and PF. In both groups, signs of apathy, dehydration and reticuloruminal hypomotility were evidenced, but the GI animals presented more expressive clinical alterations. In the cytological analysis of PF, a predominance of polymorfhonuclear was observed in both groups. Blood TP, globulin, cholesterol and GGT concentrations were higher in GII (P<0.05), and the A/G ratio was higher in GI (P <0.05). In PF, albumin and CK were higher in GI (P<0.05). In the comparison between blood and PF, the significant increase of L-lactate in the PF of both groups (P<0.05) was observed, characterizing the severity of the alterations present in the abdominal cavity. It is recommended the simultaneous evaluation of L-lactate in the blood and PF, as a tool for diagnosis and prognosis of bovine digestive diseases.(AU)
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Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Líquido Ascítico , Ácido Láctico , Peritonite/veterinária , Sistema Digestório/patologia , Análise de VariânciaRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar simultaneamente biomarcadores no sangue e no líquido peritoneal (LP) de bovinos com enfermidades intestinais (GI n=14) e reticulites traumáticas (GII n=13). O exame clínico e a coleta de sangue e de LP foram realizadas e, posteriormente, análise física e citológica do LP, bem como as determinações bioquímicas no sangue e no LP. Empregou-se a análise de variância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade comparando os grupos e comparando o sangue e o LP. Em ambos os grupos foram evidenciados sinais de apatia, desidratação e hipomotilidade reticuloruminal, porém os animais do GI apresentaram alterações clínicas mais expressivas. À análise citológica do LP No sangue as concentrações de PT, globulina, colesterol e GGT foram superiores no GII (P<0,05), e a relação A/G foi maior no GI (P<0,05). No LP a albumina e a CK foram superiores no GI (P<0,05). Na comparação entre o sangue e LP, destacou-se o aumento significativo do lactato L no LP de ambos os grupos (P<0,05), caracterizando a gravidade das alterações presentes na cavidade abdominal. Recomendase a avaliação simultânea no sangue e no LP do lactato L como informação de auxílio diagnóstico e prognóstico das enfermidades digestivas dos bovinos.
The objective of this study was to simultaneously evaluate biomarkers in the blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of cattle with intestinal diseases (GI n=14) and traumatic reticulitis (GII n=13). A clinical examination and blood collection and PF were performed and subsequently, physical and cytological analysis of PF, as well as biochemical determinations in blood and PF. The analysis of variance was used at a 5% probability level comparing the groups and comparing blood and PF. In both groups, signs of apathy, dehydration and reticuloruminal hypomotility were evidenced, but the GI animals presented more expressive clinical alterations. In the cytological analysis of PF, a predominance of polymorfhonuclear was observed in both groups. Blood TP, globulin, cholesterol and GGT concentrations were higher in GII (P<0.05), and the A/G ratio was higher in GI (P <0.05). In PF, albumin and CK were higher in GI (P<0.05). In the comparison between blood and PF, the significant increase of L-lactate in the PF of both groups (P<0.05) was observed, characterizing the severity of the alterations present in the abdominal cavity. It is recommended the simultaneous evaluation of L-lactate in the blood and PF, as a tool for diagnosis and prognosis of bovine digestive diseases.
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Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Líquido Ascítico , Peritonite/veterinária , Ácido Láctico , Análise de Variância , Sistema Digestório/patologiaRESUMO
Background: Displaced abomasum (DA) is a common and economically important disorder that affects dairy cattle. Nutritional factors and adaptive responses that occur in the peripartum play a central role in the pathogenesis. The measurement of blood metabolites represents a useful tool for monitoring and prognostic determination in affected animals. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate cardiac, energy and hormonal blood markers, lactatemia, and insulin sensitivity in cows diagnosed with right displaced abomasum (RDA) and left displaced abomasum (LDA), comparing them with each other. Materials, Methods & Results: Nineteen cases of abomasum displacement in cows were studied, including 9 cases of RDA and 10 cases of LDA. The diagnosis was established by means of physical examination and measurement of the concentration of chlorides in the ruminal fluid (> 30 mEq/L). After diagnosis, clinical-surgical therapeutic management was instituted. At the time of diagnosis (M1) and at the resolution of the case (M2), blood samples were collected to assess the variables: non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxybutyrate (βHB), L-lactate, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, insulin, and cortisol. In addition, insulin sensitivity was estimated using the Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (RQUICKI) and RQUICKI-βHB. The means of the variables were compared, separating the effects of groups (RDA and LDA) and moments (M1 and M2), at the level of 5% probability. The concentrations of NEFA, CK-MB, L-lactate, glucose, insulin, and cortisol were higher at M1 and the RQUICKI and RQUICKI-βHB indices were lower at this moment. L-lactate, CK, and CK-MB were higher in the RDA group, while cTnI, βHB, and LDH did not present a group or moment effect. Cardiac markers correlated with the energy profile metabolites, L-lactate, and cortisol. Discussion: The high...
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Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Abomaso/patologia , Biomarcadores , Creatina Quinase Forma MB , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Antagonistas da Insulina , Troponina IRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To study the response of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats to simulated geomagnetic activity. Methods: In a simulated strong geomagnetic outbreak, the MI/RI rat models were radiated, and their area of myocardial infarction, hemodynamic parameters, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), melatonin, and troponin I values were measured after a 24-hour intervention. Results: Our analysis indicates that the concentrations of troponin I in the geomagnetic shielding+operation group were lower than in the radiation+operation group (P<0.05), the concentrations of melatonin in the shielding+operation group and normal+operation group were higher than in the radiation + operation group (P<0.01), and the concentrations of CK in the shielding + operation group were lower than in the radiation + operation group and normal + operation group (P<0.05). Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and ± dP/dtmax in the radiation+operation group were lower than in the shielding + operation group and normal+operation group (P<0.01). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LEVDP) in the shielding + operation group was higher than in the normal + operation group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in area of myocardial infarction and LDH between the shielding + operation group and the radiation + operation group. Conclusion: Our data suggest that geomagnetic activity is important in regulating myocardial reperfusion injury. The geomagnetic shielding has a protective effect on myocardial injury, and the geomagnetic radiation is a risk factor for aggravating the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Campos Magnéticos/efeitos adversos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Creatina Quinase , Modelos Animais de Doenças , HemodinâmicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the response of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) in rats to simulated geomagnetic activity. METHODS: In a simulated strong geomagnetic outbreak, the MI/RI rat models were radiated, and their area of myocardial infarction, hemodynamic parameters, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), melatonin, and troponin I values were measured after a 24-hour intervention. RESULTS: Our analysis indicates that the concentrations of troponin I in the geomagnetic shielding+operation group were lower than in the radiation+operation group (P<0.05), the concentrations of melatonin in the shielding+operation group and normal+operation group were higher than in the radiation + operation group (P<0.01), and the concentrations of CK in the shielding + operation group were lower than in the radiation + operation group and normal + operation group (P<0.05). Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and ± dP/dtmax in the radiation+operation group were lower than in the shielding + operation group and normal+operation group (P<0.01). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LEVDP) in the shielding + operation group was higher than in the normal + operation group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in area of myocardial infarction and LDH between the shielding + operation group and the radiation + operation group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that geomagnetic activity is important in regulating myocardial reperfusion injury. The geomagnetic shielding has a protective effect on myocardial injury, and the geomagnetic radiation is a risk factor for aggravating the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Campos Magnéticos/efeitos adversos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Animais , Creatina Quinase , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hemodinâmica , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Objetivo: Comparar los niveles enzimáticos de lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) en la saliva según la condición periodontal. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron 40 pacientes entre 23 y 73 años de edad, de una clÃnica especializada en odontologÃa. Hubo 10 pacientes en cada grupo: uno control (periodontalmente sanos) y tres de estudio. Las muestras de saliva no estimulada (2 ml) fueron recogidas en frascos para muestra de esputo, directamente de la boca; se trasladaron a tubos Eppendorf de 2 ml y se centrifugaron a 300 rpm por 10 minutos. Para evaluar la actividad enzimática, fueron colocados en el analizador automático âVitalab Selectra IIâ (vital cientific, Holanda) con el reactivo LDH-P UV AA lÃquido, para muestras de suero o plasma. El dinucleótido de nicotinamida y adenina (NADH) consumido, fue directamente proporcional a la actividad de LDH en la muestra de saliva. Los datos se analizaron con las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y post hoc de Dunn-Bonferroni. Resultados: Se encontró diferencias significativas en los niveles de LDH entre los pacientes con periodontitis crónica generalizada frente a los periodontalmente sanos y en fase de mantenimiento (p<0,01). También hubo diferencia significativa (p=0,006) entre los valores de LDH de los pacientes con periodontitis crónica localizada y los periodontalmente sanos. Conclusiones: Los niveles enzimáticos de LDH están disminuidos en los pacientes en fase de mantenimiento periodontal respecto a los pacientes con periodontitis crónica generalizada, asà mismo estos valores son muy cercanos a los pacientes periodontalmente sanos y con periodontitis crónica localizada.
Objective: To compare those levels enzyme of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the saliva according to the condition periodontal. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. It was included 40 patients between 23 and 73 years, of a clinic specializing in dentistry. There were 10 patients in each group: one control (periodontally healthy) and three study. Not stimulated saliva samples (2 ml) were collected in vials for sample of sputum, directly from the mouth; they moved to 2 ml Eppendorf tubes and centrifuged at 300 rpm for 10 minutes. To assess enzymatic activity, they were placed in the automatic Analyzer âVitalab Selectra IIâ (life science, the Netherlands) with reagents LDH-P UV AA liquid for serum or plasma samples. The dinucleotide of NICOTINAMIDE and adenine (NADH) consumed, was directly proportional to the activity of LDH in the saliva samples. The data were analyzed with post hoc Bonferroni-Dunn and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: It was found significant differences in the levels of LDH among patients with generalized chronic periodontitis versus periodontally healthy and in phase of maintenance (p<0.01). Also there was difference significant (p= 0.006) between the values of LDH of them patients with localized chronic periodontitis and the periodontally healthy. Conclusions: Enzyme LDH levels are decreased in patients during periodontal maintenance in respect to patients that have generalized chronic periodontitis, also these values are very close to periodontally healthy patients and localized chronic periodontitis.
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This study aimed to analyze the effects of laser irradiation on the membrane integrity and viability of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) that were kept in serum starvation. Nutritional deficit was used to mimic the cellular stress conditions of SHED isolation for regenerative dental approaches, where laser therapy could be beneficial. SHED were cultured under serum starvation (MEMα + 1%FBS) for 1 or 24 h pre-irradiation (protocols A and B, respectively). Then, cells received low-level laser therapy (LLLT; 660 nm) at 2.5 J/cm2 (0.10 W; groups I and V), 5.0 J/cm2 (0.20 W; groups II and VI), 7.5 J/cm2 (0.30 W; groups III and VII), or remained non-irradiated (groups IV and VIII). During irradiation, cells were maintained in 1% FBS (groups I-IV) or 10% FBS (normal culture conditions; groups V-VIII). Membrane integrity was evaluated by quantifying lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (immediately after irradiation), and cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay (24, 48, and 72 h post-irradiation). Serum starvation did not alter LDH release by non-irradiated SHED, while LDH release decreased significantly in groups irradiated in 1% FBS (I and III), but not in groups irradiated in 10% FBS (V-VII), regardless the pre-irradiation conditions (protocols A/B). Cell viability was significantly higher 24 h after irradiation, in most protocol A groups. In contrast, cell viability remained mostly unaltered in protocol B groups. LLLT contributed to maintain membrane integrity in SHED subjected to nutritional deficit before and during irradiation with 0.10 or 0.30 W. Short serum starvation before irradiation improved SHED viability at 24 h post-irradiation.
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Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Lasers , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Células-Tronco/patologia , Células-Tronco/efeitos da radiação , Esfoliação de Dente/patologia , Dente Decíduo/efeitos da radiação , Membrana Celular/patologia , Membrana Celular/efeitos da radiação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos da radiação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , SoroRESUMO
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on muscle recovery based on inflammation (interleukin-10 [IL-10]; tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα]), muscle damage markers (creatine kinase [CK]; lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), delay onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and countermovement jump performance (CMJ) after two sprint interval training (SIT) sessions compared with a placebo condition (part-I), as well as to compare the effectiveness of PBMT with active recovery (AR) and cold-water immersion (CWI) (part-II). Methods: Part-I was conducted as a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study and part-II as a parallel-group study. Thirty-six men participated in the studies (12 participants in part-I and 36 participants in part-II). Volunteers performed two SITs interspaced by 24-h (SIT1 and SIT2) to mimic the effect of accumulating 2 consecutive days of SIT. In part-I, only after SIT2, PBMT [Total energy: 600J (300J per leg in 5 spots); wavelength: 660-850 nm] or placebo interventions were performed, while in part-II PBMT (part-I data), AR (15-min; 50% of the maximal aerobic power), or CWI (10-min; 10°C) were carried out, also after SIT2. Blood samples were collected before (i.e., baseline), and 0.5, 1, 24, 48, and 72-h after SIT2, while CMJ and DOMS were measured before, 24, 48, and 72-h after SIT2. Results: In part-I, there were no interactions between PBMT and placebo conditions for any blood markers (P ≥ 0.313), DOMS (P = 0.052), and CMJ (P = 0.295). However, an effect of time was found with increases in LDH, CK, and IL-10 (P ≤ 0.043) as well as a decrease in DOMS at 72-h compared with 24-h (P = 0.012). In part-II, there were no interactions between the PBMT, AR, and CWI groups for any markers at the same moments (P ≥ 0.189) and for the peak and integral values (P ≥ 0.193), for DOMS (P = 0.314) and CMJ (P = 0.264). However, an effect of time was found with an increase in CK and IL-10 (P = 0.003), while DOMS decreased at 48 and 72-h compared with 24-h (P = 0.001). Conclusion: In summary, PBMT had no effect on inflammation, muscle damage, CMJ performance, or DOMS after two consecutive sprint interval training sessions compared to placebo, CWI, and AR strategies.
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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: la pandemia de influenza en 2009 renovó el interés por identificar oportunamente casos sospechosos de influenza mediante estudios de laboratorio rutinarios, uno de los más estudiados es la deshidrogenasa láctica (DHL). OBJETIVO: determinar si los pacientes con neumonía por influenza A (H1N1) tienen alteraciones particulares en estudios rutinarios de laboratorio, particularmente en concentraciones de DHL y analizar la implicación pronóstica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio de casos y controles de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de neumonía por influenza A (H1N1) [caso], y pacientes con neumonía bacteriana (control) atendidos de diciembre de 2013 a julio de 2014. RESULTADOS: se analizaron 31 casos, 45% (n = 14) tenían diagnóstico de neumonía por el virus de la influenza A (H1N1), el 55% restante (n = 17) se consideró de causa bacteriana. La media de edad fue de 38 años (límites: 16-62). Las concentraciones de DHL al momento del diagnóstico fueron, en promedio, de 578.77 UI/L (límites: 191-1096), fue mayor en el grupo con neumonía por influenza A (H1N1) [573 vs 624.7 UI/L, p = 0.366]. En el análisis global las concentraciones de DHL > 350 UI/L al diagnóstico y fin del tratamiento repercutieron fuertemente de manera negativa en la mortalidad (OR: 84.0, IC95%: 4.4754-1576.6044 y OR: 154.0, 8.6261-2749.3255). La supervivencia general fue de 18 días, menor en el grupo de A (H1N1) [4 vs 25 días, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONES: las concentraciones de DHL > 350 UI/L pueden considerarse un biomarcador de gravedad y repercuten negativamente en la supervivencia de pacientes con neumonía, sin poder discriminar al posible agente etiológico.
Abstract BACKGROUND: The 2009 influenza pandemic renewed interest in timely identification of suspected influenza cases through routine laboratory studies, the most studied is lactic dehydrogenase (DHL). OBJECTIVE: To determine if patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia present particular alterations inside routine laboratory studies, particularly in DHL levels and analyze the prognostic implication. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A case-control study of patients with confirmed diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia (case), and patients with bacterial pneumonia (control) treated from December 2013 to July 2014. RESULTS: Thirty-one cases were analyzed, 45% (n = 14) had a diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia, the remaining 55% (n = 17) was considered of bacterial etiology. The mean age was 38 (16-62) years old. The DHL level at diagnosis time was on average 578.77 IU/L (191-1096), higher in the group with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia (573 IU/L vs 624.7 IU/L, p = 0.366). In the overall analysis, the levels of DHL > 350 IU/L at diagnosis time and at the end of treatment had a negative impact on mortality (OR: 84.0, 95%CI: 4.4754-1576.6044, and OR: 154.0, 8.6261-2749.3255). Overall survival was 18 days, lower in the A (H1N1) group (4 vs 25 days, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: DHL > 350 IU/L can be considered a severity biomarker, also has a negative impact on the survival of patients with pneumonia without being able to discriminate the possible etiological agent.
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CONTEXT: Cold-water immersion (CWI) has been applied widely as a recovery method, but little evidence is available to support its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of CWI on muscle damage, perceived muscle soreness, and muscle power recovery of the upper and lower limbs after jiu-jitsu training. DESIGN: Crossover study. SETTING: Laboratory and field. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 8 highly trained male athletes (age = 24.0 ± 3.6 years, mass = 78.4 ± 2.4 kg, percentage of body fat = 13.1% ± 3.6%) completed all study phases. INTERVENTION(S): We randomly selected half of the sample for recovery using CWI (6.0°C ± 0.5°C) for 19 minutes; the other participants were allocated to the control condition (passive recovery). Treatments were reversed in the second session (after 1 week). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We measured serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase enzymes; perceived muscle soreness; and recovery through visual analogue scales and muscle power of the upper and lower limbs at pretraining, postrecovery, 24 hours, and 48 hours. RESULTS: Athletes who underwent CWI showed better posttraining recovery measures because circulating LDH levels were lower at 24 hours postrecovery in the CWI condition (441.9 ± 81.4 IU/L) than in the control condition (493.6 ± 97.4 IU/L; P = .03). Estimated muscle power was higher in the CWI than in the control condition for both upper limbs (757.9 ± 125.1 W versus 695.9 ± 56.1 W) and lower limbs (53.7 ± 3.7 cm versus 35.5 ± 8.2 cm; both P values = .001). In addition, we observed less perceived muscle soreness (1.5 ± 1.1 arbitrary units [au] versus 3.1 ± 1.0 au; P = .004) and higher perceived recovery (8.8 ± 1.9 au versus 6.9 ± 1.7 au; P = .005) in the CWI than in the control condition at 24 hours postrecovery. CONCLUSIONS: Use of CWI can be beneficial to jiu-jitsu athletes because it reduces circulating LDH levels, results in less perceived muscle soreness, and helps muscle power recovery at 24 hours postrecovery.
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Traumatismos em Atletas , Hidroterapia/métodos , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Imersão/fisiopatologia , Artes Marciais/fisiologia , Mialgia , Adulto , Traumatismos em Atletas/etiologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos em Atletas/terapia , Creatina Quinase/análise , Estudos Cross-Over , Humanos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/análise , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Mialgia/etiologia , Mialgia/fisiopatologia , Mialgia/terapia , Medição da Dor/métodos , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Resultado do Tratamento , ÁguaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To study the relationship between the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) in patients with Ewing´s Sarcoma (ES) . Methods: This is a case series with retrospective evaluation of patients with diagnosis of ES divided into 2 groups: Group 1, patients whose serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were obtained in the staging phase before preoperative chemotherapy (CT), and Group 2, patients whose values were measured after completion of the preoperative CT. The percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) of surgical specimens extracted in surgery was also evaluated . Results: Eighty four medical records from 1995 to 2015 were included. Both AP as LDH decreased in the patients studied, the pre CT value being higher than the post CT value. The average decrease of LHD was 272.95 U/L and AP was 10.17 U/L. The average tumor necrosis was 65.12 %. There was no statistical correlation between serums levels and the tumor necrosis percentage . Conclusion: The serum levels values of AP and LDH are not predictors for chemotherapy-induced necrosis in patients with ES. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
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Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to identify the effects of a 130-km cycling race on indices of biochemical indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness responses during a 72-hour recovery period. Fifteen endurance-trained male cyclists which were competing for more than 2 years and were involved in systematic training at least of 3 days/wk underwent a collection of indirect biochemical markers of muscle damage (CK, LDH, Myo) and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), at five different moments of data collection: before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) a 130-km cycling race, and 24, 48, 72 hours following the cycling race. CK and LDH plasma concentrations significantly increased POST-race (p < 0.001) and remained high throughout the 72 hour recover period (CK: p < 0.05; LDH: p < 0.001). Myo increased significantly POST-race (p < 0.001) and returned to the PRE-race values 24 hours thereafter (p < 0.05). DOMS increased significantly POST-race (p < 0.001) and returned to the PRE-race values at 48 hours after (p > 0.05). A 130-km cycling race has a noteworthy effect on indices of biochemical indirect markers of muscle damage and muscle soreness responses, indicating that 72 hour recovery period do not seems to be enough for long-distance cyclist, and reinforce the propositions of scientific literature about the need of a sufficient recovery period for cycling endurance athletes.
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os efeitos de uma competição de ciclismo de 130-km nos índices de marcadores bioquímicos indiretos de dano muscular e na dor muscular durante um período de 72 horas de recuperação. Quinze ciclistas do sexo masculino que estavam em treinamento competitivo por mais de dois anos e que estavam em treinamento sistemático, pelo menos três dias por semana, foram submetidos à coleta de marcadores bioquímicos indireto de dano muscular (CK, LDH e Mioglobina) e dor muscular em cinco momentos distintos de coleta: antes, depois, 24, 48 e, 72 horas após uma competição de ciclismo. A CK e a LDH aumentaram imediatamente após a corrida (p < 0,001) e mantiveram-se elevadas durante as 72 horas de recuperação (CK: p < 0,05; LDH: p < 0,001). A Mioglobina aumentou logo após a competição (p < 0,001) e retornou aos valores basais 24 horas após (p < 0,05). A dor muscular aumentou logo após a competição (p < 0,001) e retornou aos valores basais após 48 horas de recuperação (p > 0,05). Uma competição de ciclismo de 130-km teve efeitos notáveis sobre os índices de marcadores bioquímicos indiretos de lesão muscular e dor muscular, indicando que um período de 72 horas de recuperação pode não ser o suficiente para ciclistas de longa distância, isto também reforça as proposições da literatura científica sobre a necessidade de um período de recuperação suficiente para os atletas de ciclismo de fundo.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the pre and post chemotherapy (CT) serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) found in specimens after the pre surgical CT in patients with osteosarcoma. METHODS: Series of cases with retrospective evaluation of patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Participants were divided into two groups according to serum values of both enzymes. The values of AP and LDH were obtained before and after preoperative CT. The percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) of surgical specimens of each patient was also included. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty seven medical records were included from 1990 to 2013. Both the AP as LDH decreased in the patients studied, being the higher in pre CT than post CT. The average LHD decrease was 795.12U/L and AP decrease was 437.40 U/L. The average TN was 34.10 %. There was no statistically significant correlation between the serums values and the percentage of tumoral necrosis. CONCLUSION: The serum levels values of AP and LDH are not good predictors for the chemotherapy-induced necrosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series
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Humanos , Prognóstico , Osteossarcoma , Fatores de Necrose Tumoral , Tratamento Farmacológico , Fosfatase Alcalina , L-Lactato DesidrogenaseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the pre and post chemotherapy (CT) serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) found in specimens after the pre surgical CT in patients with osteosarcoma. METHODS: Series of cases with retrospective evaluation of patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma. Participants were divided into two groups according to serum values of both enzymes. The values of AP and LDH were obtained before and after preoperative CT. The percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) of surgical specimens of each patient was also included. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty seven medical records were included from 1990 to 2013. Both the AP as LDH decreased in the patients studied, being the higher in pre CT than post CT. The average LHD decrease was 795.12U/L and AP decrease was 437.40 U/L. The average TN was 34.10 %. There was no statistically significant correlation between the serums values and the percentage of tumoral necrosis. CONCLUSION: The serum levels values of AP and LDH are not good predictors for the chemotherapy-induced necrosis in patients with osteosarcoma. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
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Malignant transformation of cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake and the conversion of a larger fraction of pyruvate into lactate, even under normoxic conditions; this phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis is largely known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic reprograming serves to generate biosynthetic precursors, thus facilitating the survival of rapidly proliferating malignant cells. Extracellular lactate directs the metabolic reprograming of tumor cells, thereby serving as an additional selective pressure. Besides tumor cells, stromal cells are another source of lactate production in the tumor microenvironment, whose role in both tumor growth and the antitumor immune response is the subject of intense research. In this review, we provide an integral perspective of the relationship between lactate and the overall tumor microenvironment, from lactate structure to metabolic pathways for its synthesis, receptors, signaling pathways, lactate-producing cells, lactate-responding cells, and how all contribute to the tumor outcome. We discuss the role of lactate as an immunosuppressor molecule that contributes to tumor evasion and we explore the possibility of targeting lactate metabolism for cancer treatment, as well as of using lactate as a prognostic biomarker.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) in patients with Ewing´s Sarcoma (ES) . METHODS: This is a case series with retrospective evaluation of patients with diagnosis of ES divided into 2 groups: Group 1, patients whose serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were obtained in the staging phase before preoperative chemotherapy (CT), and Group 2, patients whose values were measured after completion of the preoperative CT. The percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) of surgical specimens extracted in surgery was also evaluated . RESULTS: Eighty four medical records from 1995 to 2015 were included. Both AP as LDH decreased in the patients studied, the pre CT value being higher than the post CT value. The average decrease of LHD was 272.95 U/L and AP was 10.17 U/L. The average tumor necrosis was 65.12 %. There was no statistical correlation between serums levels and the tumor necrosis percentage . CONCLUSION: The serum levels values of AP and LDH are not predictors for chemotherapy-induced necrosis in patients with ES. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.
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BACKGROUND: The intestinal obstruction secondary to internal hernia is a diagnostic challenge. The absence of specific symptoms and signs during clinical examination often lead to underestimation of the severity and early surgical treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical presentation of two patients with internal hernia, describe the clinical, biochemical and radiological findings, with emphasis on the L-lactate as an early serum marker of intestinal ischemia. CLINICAL CASES: Case 1: female, 44 years history of urolithiasis and 2 cesarean sections. Case 2: female, 86 year old with a history of open cholecystectomy, incisional and bilateral inguinal hernia repair with mesh placement. Both admitted with abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction data. The only significant laboratory finding was elevation of L-lactate. The abdominal films showed air-fluid levels, dilated loops of small intestine and colon. Abdominal contrast tomography showed free abdominal fluid id, internal hernia and torque of mesentery. In both cases, exploratory laparotomy was performed with bowel resection of ischemic segments, with uneventful recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal ischemia secondary to internal hernia is difficult lt to diagnose. In patients with a high suspicion, signs of intestinal obstruction by plain radiography, the elevation of L-lactate, could help in the early diagnosis of intestinal ischemia and immediate surgical treatment.