RESUMO

Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends prioritizing safe and effective drugs proven by clinical or epidemiological studies. However, in population groups with little research, a drug can be used for an indication or pharmaceutical form different from that approved by the regulatory agency (off-label), extrapolating data from studies in adults and exposing pediatric patients. to develop an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) due to safety considerations that have not been systematically studied. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a high-cost drug, is used with scant evidence in some low-prevalence pathologies. This paper describes and analyzes the off-label use of IVIg at the J. P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital. Methods: Observational, descriptive, prospective study on off-label indications of IVIg. The sampling technique was non-probabilistic and for convenience during 7 months. Results: 305 IVIg infusions were studied, corresponding to 111 patients. The indication classification showed that 22% (n=67) of the infusions were off-label. In neurology there was a higher percentage of off-label indications (46%) and within them 45% corresponded to the use in neurological disorders. 81% of the doses indicated off-label were in the range 0.8-1g/kg. The off-label infusions presented 61.5% (n=8) of the ADRs. Those from the Neurology service represented 87.5%; 75% being from the "Neurological disorders" group. Conclusion: In some cases, IVIg was indicated in an off-label manner, finding a statistically significant relationship with the appearance of ADR. This finding motivates the proposition of new hypotheses to carry out more studies.

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda priorizar fármacos seguros y eficaces comprobados mediante estudios clínicos o epidemiológicos. Sin embargo, en grupos poblacionales con escasa investigación, un fármaco puede utilizarse para una indicación o, forma farmacéutica diferente a la aprobada por la agencia reguladora ("off label"), extrapolando datos provenientes de estudios en adultos y, exponiendo a los pacientes pediátricos a desarrollar una Reacción Adversa Medicamentosa (RAM) por consideraciones de seguridad no estudiadas sistemáticamente. Inmunoglobulina G endovenosa (IgG EV), medicamento de alto costo, es utilizado con escasa evidencia en algunas patologías poco prevalentes. Este trabajo describe y analiza el uso "off label" de IgG EV en el Hospital de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo sobre indicaciones "off label" de IgG EV. La técnica de muestreo fue no probabilística y por conveniencia durante 7 meses. Resultados: Se estudiaron 305 infusiones de IgG EV que correspondieron a 111 pacientes. La clasificación de la indicación mostró que 22% (n=67) de las infusiones fueron "off label". En neurología hubo mayor porcentaje de indicaciones "off label" (46%) y dentro de ellas el 45% correspondió al uso en desórdenes neurológicos. El 81% de dosis indicadas "off label" estuvieron en rango 0,8-1g/kg. Las infusiones indicadas "off label" presentaron el 61.5% (n=8) de las RAM. Las del servicio de Neurología, representaron el 87,5 %, siendo 75% del grupo "Desórdenes neurológicos". Conclusión: En algunos casos IgG EV fue indicada en forma "off label", encontrándose una relación estadísticamente significativa con la aparición de RAM. Este hallazgo motiva al planteo de nuevas hipótesis para realizar más estudios.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between salivary immunoglobulins, plaque index, and gingival index in Brazilian children with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for the reporting of observational studies was followed. The DM1 group had 38 children, and an equal number of volunteers matched by sex and age were recruited as controls. Clinical examination was performed for plaque index and gingival index determination. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected. Concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM were determined by ELISA test. Data were tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman tests and a multiple linear regression model (p<0.05) was performed. Gingival index was higher in the Control (DM1: 0.16±0.17; Control: 0.24±0.23, p=0.040). In DM1, there was a correlation between IgA and age (rho=0.371, p=0.024), IgM and IgG (rho=0.459, p=0.007), and IgM and gingival index (rho=0.394, p=0.014). In DM1, multiple linear regression showed that age (p=0.041; β=0.363), gingival index (p=0.041; β=0.398), and plaque index (p=0.008; β=-0.506) were good predictors of IgA levels in saliva. Thus, IgA was the only researched immunoglobulin that was directly associated with plaque and gingival indices in Brazilian children with DM1, but not in control subjects.

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to determine effects of parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), seasonal heat stress at calving (summer vs. winter), and time postpartum on some parameters associated with colostrum quality in Holstein cows reared in the Sonoran Desert ecosystem. Forty-seven cows (11 primiparous and 36 multiparous) expected to calve during summer, and 46 cows during winter (14 primiparous and 32 multiparous) were randomly selected. Management and feeding before and after parturition were similar for cows in both seasons. After parturition, colostrum from all cows was evaluated for volume, weight, temperature, density, and content of fat, protein, solids non-fat (SNF), and immunoglobulins (IGG). Data were analyzed with a model that included effects of parity status, calving season, and time postpartum, as well as all interactions. Colostrum produced in summer was warmer (P < 0.01) by almost 6 °C than winter colostrum, while colostrum from multiparous was warmer (P = 0.02) by 1.2 °C than that produced by primiparous cows. Colostrum volume and weight were not impacted by parity, calving season or time postpartum. Density, protein, and SNF content in colostrum were higher (P < 0.01) in multiparous vs. primiparous cows, as well as at parturition (0 h postpartum) than at 12 h postpartum (P < 0.01). At calving (0 h), spring colostrum had higher fat content (P < 0.01) and lower (P < 0.01) IGG concentration than that collected in summer, and no difference (P > 0.05) between seasons was observed for these components at 12 h postpartum. Multiparous cows produced colostrum with higher (P < 0.01) IGG concentrations than primiparous cows. In conclusion, only 0-h colostrum and that from multiparous cows was categorized as "Excellent," meanwhile the colostrum produced under summer heat stress was characterized as "Good" with reduced fat content. While the lacteal secretion collected at 12 post-partum still classified as colostrum, substantially lower contents of IGG, protein, fat, and SNF decreased its classification to "Poor" from the classification of "Excellent" at 0 h postpartum.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The regulatory T (Treg) cells constitute a functionally defined subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system and maintain immune tolerance through suppression of the development of autoimmune responses to self-antigens and allergic reactions to external antigens. Reduction in the number or function of Treg cells has been suggested as a key immune abnormality underlying the development of autoimmune and allergic diseases. In vitro studies have demonstrated that purified polyvalent immunoglobulin G (IgG) from multiple healthy blood donors can exert immunomodulatory effects on Treg cells. Incubation of polyvalent human IgG with purified CD4+CD25high T cells increased the intracellular expression of interleukin (IL)-10. Intravenous administration of polyvalent human IgG induced significant expansions of CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells and clinical improvements in patients with autoimmune diseases. In human clinical trials, intramuscular administration of autologous total IgG significantly increased the percentage of IL-10-producing CD4+ Treg cells in the peripheral blood of healthy subjects and provided significant clinical improvements in patients with atopic dermatitis. These results suggest a clinical usefulness of polyvalent IgG-induced activation of Treg cells in human subjects. This review proposes a new hypothesis for immune tolerance mechanism by integrating the pre-existing "idiotypic network theory" and "Treg cell theory" into an "anti-idiotypic Treg cell theory." Based on this hypothesis, an "active anti-idiotypic therapy" for allergic and autoimmune diseases using autologous polyvalent IgG (as immunizing antigens) is suggested as follows: (1) Intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of autologous polyvalent IgG produces numerous immunogenic peptides derived from idiotypes of autologous IgG through processing of dendritic cells, and these peptides activate anti-idiotypic Treg cells in the same subject. (2) Activated anti-idiotypic Treg cells secrete IL-10 and suppress Th2 cell response to allergens and autoimmune T cell response to self-antigens. (3) These events can induce a long-term clinical improvements in patients with allergic and autoimmune diseases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the detailed molecular mechanism underlying polyvalent IgG-induced Treg cell activation and the clinical usefulness of this immunomodulatory therapy for autoimmune and allergic diseases.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the immunity of chickens up to 35 d subjected to posthatch fasting and supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). A total of 320 chicks were housed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (0 or 12 h of fasting × 0.000 or 0.025% CLA in a prestarter diet), totaling 4 treatments (No-F-12 h; F-12 h; No-CLA; CLA) with 8 replicates of 10 birds each. The relative weights (% body weight) of the spleen and bursa were determined 12 h posthatch (Post-12 h) and then weekly. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) titers against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were measured by ELISA in the yolk sac contents Post-12 h and in the serum weekly. Hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) inoculation was evaluated by toe-web swelling response on d 13 and 34, 4 times a day (after 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h inoculation, respectively, PHA-3 h, PHA-6 h, PHA-12 h, and PHA-24 h). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (P < 0.05). F-12h reduced the Post-12 h relative weight of the spleen, and CLA reduced the relative weight of the bursa at this stage and at 28 d. At 13 d, F-12 h reduced PHA-3 h, whereas PHA-12 h was increased by CLA. At 34 d, CLA reduced PHA-3 h. A greater reaction was observed in the No-F-12 h-CLA chicks, for the PHA-24 h. In the Post-12 h evaluation, F-12h reduced, whereas CLA increased NDV-specific IgY titers in the yolk sac. No-F-12 h-No-CLA chicks had the lowest serum titers. At 21 d, F-12 h-CLA chicks exhibited the highest serum titers. Titers were higher in the F-12 h-No-CLA chicks, when compared to other treatments. At 28 d, fasting reduced the titers. In conclusion, F-12 h and CLA accelerated the transfer of immunoglobulins from the yolk sac to the serum. F-12 h impairs cellular immunity, whereas CLA favors it.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The effects of supplementing the diet of sows with ßG-(1,3) derived from Euglena gracilis algae were assessed regarding quality and amount of colostrum as well as performance of piglets. A total of 120 sows (first (nulliparous) to sixth parity (multiparous)) from D85 of gestation until weaning were divided into two groups: the control diet group (n = 60) and the ßG-(1,3) diet group (n = 60). Sows receiving ßG-(1,3) exhibited an average increase of 870 g (24.9%) in colostrum production, leading to a 25.17% higher intake of colostrum by piglets. Furthermore, piglets in the ßG-(1,3) group showed significantly superior weight gain of 34 g (50%) compared to the control group 18 h after birth (p < 0.05). Sows fed with ßG-(1,3) produced colostrum with significantly higher concentrations of IgG (5.914 mg/mL, 16.16%) and IgM (0.378 mg/mL, 16.29%) than the control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, serum concentrations of IgG (13.86 mg/mL, 51.25%), IgA (17.16 mg/mL, 120.19%), and IgM (13.23 mg/mL, 144.78%) were significantly higher in sows fed with ßG-(1,3) than in the control group (p < 0.05). Supplementing sows with ßG-(1,3) derived from the Euglena gracilis algae resulted in increased colostrum production and consumption, along with greater weight gain in piglets during the first 18 h after birth. Additionally, both the colostrum produced by the sows and the blood serum of the piglets exhibited higher concentrations of immunoglobulins.

RESUMO

Birth and the first few weeks of age are critical periods of developing the immune system of puppies and kittens and adapting to an environment containing a variety of infectious agents. The survival rate during these periods depends mainly on the newborn's immune capacity to prevent and combat infections. Although most components of innate and adaptive immunity are present at birth, responses are slow and immature compared to adults. Due to immunological immaturity and the endotheliochorial placental structure, circulating concentrations of immunoglobulins in dogs and cats at birth are quite low. Thus, newborns need a prompt and immediate immune response, which is essentially provided by defense cells and maternal antibodies via colostrum. Failure to ingest colostrum is correlated with high mortality rates in the neonatal period. Concurrently, factors related to pregnant, such as pregnancy physiological immunosuppression and nutritional and health states, can directly influence newborn immunity and health. Therefore, understanding the maternal and neonatal immunological aspects, importance of colostrum, risk factors for failure to transfer passive immunity and colostrum substitute strategies are essential to ensure the survival of the litter.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El déficit selectivo de IgA se define como la ausencia parcial o total de IgA en el suero, con cifras normales en el resto de las inmunoglobulinas. Se presentó una paciente femenina de 1 año y 7 meses, de padres no consanguíneos, con antecedentes familiares negativos para enfermedades genéticas o defectos congénitos, e IgA deficiente. Los estudios inmunológicos mostraron un gran déficit de IgA, de ahí que el diagnóstico se definió como una inmunodeficiencia congénita, por déficit selectiva de IgA o inmunodeficiencia variable común (trastorno genético producto de una herencia monogénica); para lo cual se le realiza una cuantificación de la subclase de IgG y así determinar si es una mutación en un mismo gen defectuoso. La paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente con los tratamientos recibidos; los valores de IgA permanecieron nulos, no siendo así con el resto de las inmunoglobulinas.

Selective IgA deficiency is defined as the partial or total absence of IgA in the serum, but normal levels in the rest of the immunoglobulins. We present a female patient aged 1 year and 7 months, of non-consanguineous parents, who had a negative family pathological history for genetic diseases or congenital defects and IgA deficiency. Immunological studies showed a high IgA deficiency, hence the diagnosis was defined as congenital immunodeficiency due to selective IgA deficiency or common variable immunodeficiency (genetic disorder resulting from monogenic inheritance); a quantification of the IgG subclass was also performed in order to determine if it was a mutation in the same defective gene. The patient evolved satisfactorily with the treatments received; the IgA values remained null, but this was not the case with the rest of the immunoglobulins.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: More than two years after the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) there is a great lack of information. The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been related with disease severity. Patients with comorbidities could develop more severe infection; however, the evaluation of the humoral response in pediatric population are needed especially in patients with comorbidities. Our aim was to describe the behavior of IgG in pediatric patients and to know if there is a difference between patients with comorbidities. Methods: A prospective comparative cohort study was carried out in a single center from June 2020 to January 2021, with a follow-up of 6 months. The study included all the subjects with confirmatory test for SARS-CoV-2 from 1 month to 17 years 11 months, the follow-up of the disease's evolution and measurement of IgG antibodies was collected. We obtained the clinical data, and comorbidities like arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer, the initial symptoms were recorded as well as the evolution regarding the severity of COVID-19 and the need for hospitalization, intensive care unit or mechanical ventilation. The follow up was carried out through medical consultation with an appointment every month that included direct interrogation, examination, and peripheral blood collection for the IgG quantification. The antibodies detection was done through peripheral blood and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Results: A total of 237 patients with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-COV-2 were included, of which 147 presented IgG antibodies (62%), 112 (76%) without comorbidity and 35 (24%) with comorbidities, by the sixth month only 2.7% continue with positive antibody measurements. Patients with comorbidities reach higher IgG levels than patients without comorbidities the basal titters were: 5.17 for patients without comorbidities vs. 6.96 for the group with comorbidities (P<0.001). Conclusions: We found an association between the presence of comorbidities and high levels of IgG units in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Additionally, patients with more severe course of the disease have higher levels of IgG and by the third month less than 35% have immunity.

RESUMO

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by a temporary decline in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels greater than two standard deviations below the mean age-specific reference values in infants between 5 and 24 months of age. Preterm infants are particularly susceptible to THI, as IgG is only transferred across the placenta from mother to infant during the third trimester of pregnancy. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the diagnostic criteria for transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy. Systematic review: Three electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar) were manually searched from September 2021 to April 2022. Abstracts were screened to assess their fit to the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from the selected studies using an adapted extraction tool (Cochrane). The studies were then assessed for bias using an assessment tool adapted from Cochrane. Of the 215 identified articles, 16 were eligible for examining the diagnostic criteria of THI. These studies were also assessed for bias in the six domains. A total of five studies (31%) had a low risk of bias, while four studies (25%) had a high risk of bias, and bias in the case of seven studies (44%) was unclear. We conclude that THI is only definitively diagnosed after abnormal IgG levels normalise. Hence, THI is not a benign condition, and monitoring for subsequent recurrent infections must be conducted. The diagnostic criteria should also include vaccine and isohaemagglutinin responses to differentiate THI from other immunological disorders in infants.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of pasteurization and freezing on the content of IgA1 and IgA2 in breast milk. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study, carried out in women who had been breastfeeding their newborn for more than 30 days, and could donate 50 mL of milk. The concentration of IgA1 and IgA2 was determined by turbidimetry, before and after being subjected to pasteurization and freezing, every 15 days for 2 months. Freezing was at -20°C. A total IgA content of 1598.5 mg/dL was found. RESULTS: 10 breast milk donors were selected. The initial concentration of IgA1 and IA2 was 651 and 945.7 mg/dL, respectively; At the end of the freezing times, the content of both immunoglobulins decreased: IgA1 of 74% and IgA2 of 86%. After the treatments, the immunoglobulin content decreased dramatically, with a significant difference of p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Pasteurization and freezing significantly affect the content of IgA1 and IgA in breast milk; therefore, breast-feeding remains the best way to offer full immunological protection to the infant.

OBJECTIVO: Determinar el efecto de la pasteurización y congelación en el contenido de IgA1 e IgA2 en la leche materna. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo, llevado a cabo en mujeres que tuvieran más de 30 días de ofrecer lactancia a su neonato, y pudieran donar 50 mL de leche. Se determinó la concentración de IgA1 e IgA2 mediante turbidimetría, antes y después de someterse a pasteurización y congelación, cada 15 días durante 2 meses. La congelación fue a ­20°C. Se encontró un contenido total de IgA de 1598,5 mg/dL. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 10 donantes de leche materna. La concentración inicial de IgA1 e IA2 fue de 651 y 945.7 mg/dL, respectivamente; al finalizar los tiempos de congelación disminuyó el contenido de ambas inmunoglobulinas: IgA1 del 74% e IgA2 del 86%. Después de los tratamientos, el contenido de inmunoglobulinas disminuyó de forma contundente, con diferencia significativa de p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONES: La pasteurización y la congelación afectan de manera importante el contenido de IgA1 e IgA en la leche materna; por tanto, la alimentación al seno materno sigue siendo la mejor forma de ofrecer toda protección inmunológica al lactante.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of persistent hypogammaglobulinemia in patients receiving Rituximab as a treatment for autoimmune rheumatological diseases. METHODS: A transversal, retrospective and unicentric study, carried out in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases who were admitted to the Rheumatology service of the Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Mexico City, to receive treatment with rituximab between January 2013 and January 2018. Descriptive and inferential statistics of serum levels of immunoglobulins, clinical-demographic characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment received were performed. RESULTS: from 262 patients with autoimmune rheumatological disease who received treatment with Rituximab; We identified 8 patients with persistent hypogammaglobulinemia (6 women and 2 men), this is a prevalence of 3.1%. No associated factors with the development of hypogammaglobulinemia were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Until now, no associated prognostic or predictive factors have been identified with persistent hypogammaglobulinemia. Additional prospective studies are required to understand more precisely the implications of persistent hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with autoimmune diseases.

OBJECTIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de hipogammaglobulinemia persistente en pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas autoinmunes que reciben rituximab. MÉTODOS: Estudio trasversal, retrospectivo y unicéntrico, emprendido en pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas autoinmunes, que acudieron a la Consulta externa del servicio de Reumatología del Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Ciudad de México, entre enero de 2013 y enero de 2018, para recibir tratamiento con rituximab. El análisis de los datos se efectuó con estadística descriptiva e inferencial, para la evaluación de las concentraciones séricas de inmunoglobulinas, características clínico demográficas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Estudio trasversal, retrospectivo y unicéntrico, emprendido en pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas autoinmunes, que acudieron a la Consulta externa del servicio de Reumatología del Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Ciudad de México, entre enero de 2013 y enero de 2018, para recibir tratamiento con rituximab. El análisis de los datos se efectuó con estadística descriptiva e inferencial, para la evaluación de las concentraciones séricas de inmunoglobulinas, características clínico demográficas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: Hasta el momento no se han identificado factores asociados, pronósticos o predictivos, con hipogammaglobulinemia persistente. Se requieren estudios prospectivos adicionales para conocer con mayor precisión las implicaciones de la hipogammaglobulinemia persistente en pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis that can lead to cardiac complications, including coronary artery disease and cardiogenic shock. Various scoring systems have been developed to determine those that will be refractory to routine intravenous immunoglobulin therapy or develop coronary artery disease. The objective of this study was to determine if the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio could predict refractory disease and coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify manuscripts describing comparisons of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio between those who had refractory disease and those who did not, and between those who developed coronary artery lesions and those who did not. Mean difference was compared between groups. Areas under the curve were utilised to determine the pooled area under the curve. RESULTS: 12 studies with 5593 patients were included in the final analyses of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for the prediction of refractory disease. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio before therapy was higher in refractory disease with a mean difference of 2.55 (p < 0.01) and pooled area under the curve of 0.724. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio after therapy was higher in refractory disease with a mean difference of 1.42 (p < 0.01) and pooled area under the curve for of 0.803. Five studies with 1690 patients were included in the final analyses of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for the prediction of coronary artery lesions. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio before therapy was higher in coronary artery lesions with a mean difference of 0.65 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The use of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio may help physicians in the identification of patients at risk of refractory disease and coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Assuntos

RESUMO

(1) Background: TNF antagonists have been used to treat autoimmune diseases (AD). However, during the chronic phase of toxoplasmosis, TNF-α and TNFR play a significant role in maintaining disease resistance and latency. Several studies have demonstrated the risk of latent infections' reactivation in patients infected with toxoplasmosis. Our objective was to verify whether patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, who use TNF antagonists and/or synthetic drugs and had previous contact with Toxoplasma gondii (IgG+), present any indication of an increased risk of toxoplasmosis reactivation. (2) Methods: Blood samples were collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated after stimulation with antigens of Toxoplasma gondii, with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 or without stimulus, at 48 and 96 h. CD69+, CD28+, and PD-1 stains were evaluated, in addition to intracellular expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 by CD4+ and the presence of regulatory CD4+ T cells by labeling CD25+, FOXP3, and LAP. The cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 were measured in the culture supernatant after 96 h. Serology for IgG and IgG1 was evaluated. (3) Results: There were no differences in the levels of IgG and IgG1 between the groups, but the IgG1 avidity was reduced in the immunobiological group compared to the control group. All groups exhibited a significant correlation between IgG and IgG1 positivity. CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing PD-1 were increased in individuals suffering from autoimmune rheumatic diseases and using disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. In addition, treatment with TNF blockers did not seem to influence the populations of regulatory T cells and did not interfere with the expression of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 by CD4+ cells or the production of cytokines by PBMCs from patients with AD. (4) Conclusions: This study presents evidence that the use of TNF-α blockers did not promote an immunological imbalance to the extent of impairing the anti-Toxoplasma gondii immune response and predisposing to toxoplasmosis reactivation.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Here, we investigated the impact of IFN-lambda-3 polymorphism on specific IgG responses for COVID-19 in older adults seropositive for CMV. METHODS: Blood samples of 25 older adults of both sexes were obtained at three different times: during a micro-outbreak (MO) of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020; eight months after (CURE); and 30 days after the administration of the second dose of ChadOx-1 vaccine (VAC). The specific IgG for both SARS-CoV-2 and CMV antigens, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and also the polymorphism profile for IFN-lambda-3 (rs12979860 C > T) were assessed. RESULTS: Higher levels of specific IgG for SARS-CoV-2 antigens were found in the MO and VAC than in the CURE time-point. Volunteers with specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 showed better specific IgG responses for SARS-CoV-2 and lower specific IgG levels for CMV than volunteers without specific neutralizing antibodies. Significant negative correlations between the specific IgG levels for SARS-CoV-2 and CMV were found at the MO time-point, as well as in the group of individuals homozygous for allele 1 (C/C) in the MO time-point and heterozygotes (C/T) in the CURE time-point. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that both CMV seropositivity and the homozygosis for allele 1 (C/C) in IFN-lambda-3 gene can negatively impact the antibody response to COVID-19 infection and vaccination in older adults.

RESUMO

La enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK) es la principal causa de cardiopatía adquirida en menores de cinco años. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer las características clínicas, el compromiso coronario y la evolución de pacientes atendidos en nuestra institución. Se revisó una serie de casos desde 2001 hasta 2018. Se incluyeron 63 pacientes, 58 % varones; la mediana de edad fue 2,6 años. La mediana de días de fiebre al diagnóstico fue 5,5 días. El 33 % presentó la forma incompleta y se detectó compromiso coronario en el 20 %. El 60 % de los pacientes con afectación coronaria presentaron EK incompleta versus el 28 % de presentación incompleta en los pacientes sin compromiso coronario (p 0,06). No se observaron diferencias en datos de laboratorio entre los grupos según el compromiso coronario. En conclusión, 33 % presentó EK incompleta y el 20 %, afectación coronaria. Hubo una tendencia de mayor riesgo para daño coronario en la forma incompleta.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is considered the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children younger than 5 years. Our objective was to know the clinical characteristics, coronary involvement, and course of patients seen at our facility. A case series from 2001 to 2018 was reviewed. Sixty-three patients were included; their median age was 2.6 years; 58% were males. The median duration of fever at the time of diagnosis was 5.5 days. The incomplete form was observed in 33% and coronary involvement, in 20%. Among patients with coronary involvement, 60% had incomplete KD versus 28% among those without coronary involvement (p: 0.06). No differences were observed between groups in laboratory data based on coronary involvement. To conclude, 33% had incomplete KD and 20%, coronary involvement. There was a trend to a higher risk for coronary artery damage in the incomplete form of KD.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Glycosylation is a post-translational modification that affects the stability, structure, antigenicity and charge of proteins. In the immune system, glycosylation is involved in the regulation of ligand-receptor interactions, such as in B-cell and T-cell activating receptors. Alterations in glycosylation have been described in several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which alterations have been found mainly in the glycosylation of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. In immunoglobulin G of lupus patients, a decrease in galactosylation, sialylation, and nucleotide fucose, as well as an increase in the N-acetylglucosamine bisector, are observed. These changes in glycoisolation affect the interactions of immunoglobulins with Fc receptors and are associated with pericarditis, proteinuria, nephritis, and the presence of antinuclear antibodies. In T cells, alterations have been described in the glycosylation of receptors involved in activation, such as the T cell receptor; these changes affect the affinity with their ligands and modulate the binding to endogenous lectins such as galectins. In T cells from lupus patients, a decrease in galectin 1 binding is observed, which could favor activation and reduce apoptosis. Furthermore, these alterations in glycosylation correlate with disease activity and clinical manifestations, and thus have potential use as biomarkers. In this review, we summarize findings on glycosylation alterations in SLE and how they relate to immune system defects and their clinical manifestations.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Kawasaki disease (KD) is considered the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children younger than 5 years. Our objective was to know the clinical characteristics, coronary involvement, and course of patients seen at our facility. A case series from 2001 to 2018 was reviewed. Sixty-three patients were included; their median age was 2.6 years; 58% were males. The median duration of fever at the time of diagnosis was 5.5 days. The incomplete form was observed in 33% and coronary involvement, in 20%. Among patients with coronary involvement, 60% had incomplete KD versus 28% among those without coronary involvement (p:0.06). No differences were observed between groups in laboratory data based on coronary involvement. To conclude, 33% had incomplete KD and 20%, coronary involvement. There was a trend to a higher risk for coronary artery damage in the incomplete form of KD.

La enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK) es la principal causa de cardiopatía adquirida en menores de cinco años. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer las características clínicas, el compromiso coronario y la evolución de pacientes atendidos en nuestra institución. Se revisó una serie de casos desde 2001 hasta 2018. Se incluyeron 63 pacientes, 58 % varones; la mediana de edad fue 2,6 años. La mediana de días de fiebre al diagnóstico fue 5,5 días. El 33 % presentó la forma incompleta y se detectó compromiso coronario en el 20 %. El 60 % de los pacientes con afectación coronaria presentaron EK incompleta versus el 28 % de presentación incompleta en los pacientes sin compromiso coronario (p 0,06). No se observaron diferencias en datos de laboratorio entre los grupos según el compromiso coronario. En conclusión, 33 % presentó EK incompleta y el 20 %, afectación coronaria. Hubo una tendencia de mayor riesgo para daño coronario en la forma incompleta.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present work carried out full-genome SNP genotyping of 16-month-old Kalmyk steers to study their productive characteristics and beef quality indicators in the leading farms of the Republic of Kalmykia (Group I was located at the Agrofirma Aduchi farm; Group II at the Kirovsky breeding plant, and Group III at the Plodovitoye agricultural cooperative). As a result of investigating the frequencies of some homozygous alleles, the study established that the heterozygous allele A/A varied considerably along the lines from 0.2785 to 0.3146, while B/B varied from 0.3697 to 0.4125. Meanwhile, the heterozygous allele A/B varied from 0.2986 to 0.3197. Estimated inbreeding coefficients were 1.35, 1.28 and 1.27%. The conducted studies established a higher natural resistance determined by lysozyme, bactericidal and phagocytic activities of steers raised at the Agrofirma Aduchi as farm than their counterparts at the other agricultural enterprises. Over the entire period of the experiment, the steers from 8 to 16 months of age in Group I exceeded the indices of their counterparts in Groups II and III by 30.46g, or 3.31% and 38.04g, or 4.16%, respectively. It is concluded that an increase in the heterozygosity of the studied Kalmyk steers not only results in higher meat productivity, but also improves the quality of carcass and beef quality, increases the yield of more valuable meat grades, and optimizes the fractional composition of proteins.

O presente trabalho realizou a genotipagem de bois Kalmyk de 16 meses de idade para estudar suas características produtivas e indicadores de qualidade da carne bovina nas principais fazendas da República de Kalmykia (o Grupo I estava localizado na fazenda Agrofirma Aduchi; Grupo II - na planta de criação Kirovsky; Grupo III - na cooperativa agrícola Plodovitoye). Como resultado da investigação das freqüências de alguns alelos homozigotos, o estudo estabeleceu que o alelo heterozigotos A/A variou consideravelmente de 0,2785 a 0,3146, enquanto o B/B variou de 0,3697 a 0,4125. Enquanto isso, o alelo heterozigoto A/B variou de 0,2986 a 0,3197. Os coeficientes estimados de consanguinidade foram de 1,35, 1,28 e 1,27%. Os estudos realizados estabeleceram uma maior resistência natural determinada pelas atividades lisozóides, bactericidas e fagocitárias dos bois criados na Agrofirma Aduchi como fazenda do que suas contrapartes nas outras empresas agrícolas. Durante todo o período do experimento, os bois de 8 a 16 meses de idade no Grupo I excederam os índices de suas contrapartes nos Grupos II e III em 30,46g, ou 3,31% e 38,04g, ou 4,16%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que um aumento na heterozigosidade dos bois Kalmyk estudados não só resulta em maior produtividade da carne, mas também melhora a qualidade da carcaça e da carne bovina, aumenta o rendimento das carnes de maior valor e otimiza a composição fracionária das proteínas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: El ejercicio mejora muchos aspectos de la salud humana, incluso, regula el sistema inmune. Se ha comprobado que el ejercicio moderado y regular ejerce efectos antiinflamatorios. Al mejorar las funciones inmunitarias, reduce la incidencia de enfermedades no transmisibles y la susceptibilidad a infecciones virales. Objetivo: Describir los efectos de la actividad física sobre el sistema inmune innato y adaptativo. Método: Para este manuscrito se usó la base de datos PubMed y Google Académico. Se utilizaron los términos ejercicios físicos, inmunidad, macrófago, neutrófilos, linfocitos e inmunoglobulinas, según el descriptor de Ciencias de la Salud. Se incluyeron 53 artículos en la revisión. Conclusiones: El ejercicio agudo (intensidad moderada a vigorosa, menos de 150 min) se considera un inmunoestimulante porque mejora la actividad antimicrobicida de los macrófagos e incrementa la síntesis de citocinas antiinflamatorias. Además, favorece el tráfico de neutrófilos, células NK, células T citotóxicas y células B inmaduras(AU)

Introduction: Exercise improves many aspects of human health, including, regulating the immune system. Moderate training has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects. By improving immune functions, it reduces the incidence of non-communicable diseases and susceptibility to viral infections. Objective: To describe the effects of physical activity on the innate and adaptive immune system. Methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used. The terms physical exercise, immunity, macrophage, neutrophils, lymphocytes and immunoglobulins were used, according to the Health Sciences descriptor (DeCS). Eighty-six articles were included in the review. Conclusions: Acute exercise (moderate to vigorous intensity, less than 150 min) is considered an immunostimulant because it enhances the antimicrobicidal activity of macrophages and increases the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, it favors the movement of neutrophils, NK cells, cytotoxic T cells and immature B cells(AU)

Assuntos