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Resumen El carcinoma tipo-linfoepitelioma pulmonar es una variante rara de carcinoma de células no pequeñas de pulmón, representa aproximadamente 0.7% de todos los casos. Está usualmente asociado con la infección por el virus de Epstein-Barr y es más prevalente en el Sureste de Asia; sin embargo, es extremadamente raro en Améri ca Latina. Informamos el caso de un hombre de 65 años de edad con un carcinoma tipo-linfoepitelioma pulmo nar, que se presentó con tos, disnea y pérdida de peso. La TAC de tórax mostró nódulo mal definido localizado en el pulmón derecho. Se realizó biopsia transtorácica de la lesión, y el estudio microscópico reveló células gran des poligonales dispuestas en mantos, infiltrados por abundantes linfocitos y células plasmáticas, alrededor del intersticio. Las células neoplásicas fueron positivas para citoqueratina 5/6 y p63, y negativas para Napsina A y el factor de transcripción tiroideo 1 (TTF-1). La expre sión de PD-L1 fue positivo (aproximadamente 100%) por inmunohistoquímica; así como el núcleo de las células neoplásicas mediante hibridación in situ para el RNA codificado por el virus de Epstein-Barr (EBER-ISH). El paciente recibió seis ciclos de un esquema combinado de quimioterapia basado en platino (gencitabina/cisplatino) más durvalumab. Presentó progresión de la enfermedad y finalmente murió 9 meses después del diagnóstico.

Abstract Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is a rare type of non-small cell lung cancer, it accounts for approximately 0.7% of all cases. It is usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and is more prevalent in Southeast Asia; however, it is extremely rare in Latin America. We present a 65-year-old man with a primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, who presented with cough, dyspnoea and weight loss. Com puter tomographic scan of the thorax showed a nodule localized in the right lung. A transthoracic biopsy of the lung lesion was made and the microscopic obser vation revealed large polygonal cells that proliferated in a nest pattern with infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells around the interstitium. The tumour cells were positive for citokeratin 5/6 and p63, and negative for Napsin A and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1). PD-L1 expression was positive (approximately 100%) in the immunohistochemical study, and the nuclei of the tumour cells were positive for EBV-encoded small RNA in-situ hybridization (EBER-ISH). The patient underwent six cycles of platinum-based combination (gencitabine/ carboplatin) chemotherapy plus durvalumab. He pre sented progression of the disease and finally he died 9 months after diagnosis.

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Video 1Wide-field ESD for Barrett's adenocarcinoma.

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Objective: Ketamine, an N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, can promote rapid action in the management of individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) at sub-anesthetic doses. However, few studies have investigated the long-term use of ketamine administered intravenously (IV) and intranasally (IN). We report the design and rationale of a therapeutic trial for assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of repeated-dose intramuscular (IM) ketamine vs. active treatment (escitalopram and aripiprazole) in TRD patients. Methods: A comparative, parallel-group, randomized double-blind trial assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of acute (4 weeks) and maintenance (24 weeks) use of IM ketamine (0.75 mg/kg) vs. active control (escitalopram 15 mg and aripiprazole 5 mg) in individuals with moderate-severe intensity TRD (no psychotic symptoms) with or without suicide risk will be conducted. Patients with TRD (18-40 years) will be randomized and blinded to receive ketamine IM or active treatment at a 1:1 ratio for 4 weeks (active treatment) and 24 weeks (maintenance treatment). Subjects will be assessed using clinical scales, monitored for vital signs (VS) after application of injectable medication, and undergo neuropsychological tests. The primary outcome will be changed on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) during the course of the trial. The study is in running. Results: This study can potentially yield evidence on the use of IM ketamine in the treatment of depressive disorders as an ultra-rapid low-cost therapy associated with less patient discomfort and reduced use of medical resources, and can elucidate long-term effects on different outcomes, such as neuropsychological aspects. Conclusions: The trial can help promote the introduction of a novel accessible approach for the treatment of complex disease (TRD) and also allow refinement of its long-term use. Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04234776, identifier: NCT04234776.

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Abstract The Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting (IM-P) scale is one of the first measures that specifically assesses mindful parenting, a specific application of mindfulness, that has been defined as paying attention to your child and parenting in a particular way, intentionally, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally. Psychometric properties of a Spanish-language version of the IM-P scale were examined in a sample of 111 mothers of preschool-age children living in Santiago, Chile. The original IM-P model with five factors and 31 items showed indicators of goodness of fit within acceptable ranges, however two items presented extremely low factor loadings that suggest a lack of fit to the model. Also, there was a high correlation between two factors which were theoretical and conceptually very related: Compassion for the self and child and Non-judgmental Acceptance of the self and child. Therefore, it was considered appropriate to test a new four-factor model in which these two factors were merged into one, and items loading low in the previous model were eliminated. This new model showed a slightly better fit than the five-factor model. The resultant four-factor version and its subscales showed good internal consistencies. Construct validity of the IM-P scale was investigated by calculating correlations with general mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, FFMQ). As expected, a significant positive correlation was found between the two measures (r=0.73, p<0.01), and among almost all subscales. In general, the results present sound psychometric properties of the Spanish translation of the IM-P in Chilean mothers of preschool children.

Resumen Las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de la escala de Atención Plena (Mindfulness) Interpersonal en la Parentalidad (IM-P) fueron examinadas en una muestra de 111 madres de niños y niñas de edad preescolar en Santiago de Chile. La estructura de cinco factores de la escala IM-P original no fue completamente respaldada mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. Por lo tanto, se testeó una estructura de cuatro factores. Dos de los factores encontrados fueron coherentes con aquellos originalmente hipotetizados. Los otros consistieron en una re-agrupación de items de las subescalas Consciencia Emocional de si misma y del hijo(a), Aceptación sin juicio de si misma y del hijo(a) y Compasión hacia si misma y hacia su hijo(a), en dos factores: uno que da cuenta de compasión y no-juicio de la madre hacia si misma y, el otro que da cuenta de la compasión, no-juicio y consciencia emocional de la madre hacia su hijio. La versión resultante de cuatro factores y sus sub-escalas presentaron buena consistencia interna. Se analizó la validez de constructo mediante cálculo de correlaciones con mindfulness general (Cuestionario de cinco dimensiones de Mindfulness, FFMQ). Como se esperaba, se encontró una correlación positiva significativa entre las dos medidas (r=0.71, p<0.01), y entre la mayor parte de las subescalas. En general, los resultados dan cuenta de buenas propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español de la escala IM-P en madres de niños y niñas preescolares en Chile.

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This paper aims at understanding the reception of the new anthropology, in particular the perspective of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, by psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. Native peoples in Brazil have acquired visibility nationally and internationally, thanks to their mobilization and political organization. Award-winning books have been published such as A Queda do Céu (The Fall of the Sky) by Davi Kopenawa and Bruce Albert, and Ideias para Adiar o Fim do Mundo (Ideas to Postpone the End of the World) by Ailton Krenak. Freudian-based psychoanalysis keeps silent about native peoples and the new anthropology. The Lacanian psychoanalyst C. Dunker appears more open about it and wrote many articles and one important book on the subject. Jungians are the most enthusiastic and speak out politically about these peoples through courses, study groups, articles, online debates, books and the presence of native leaders and shamans in their conferences. This paper discusses the different perspectives on the issue in the psychoanalytical community, which vary from silence to excitement, and their subjacent political alliances.

Cet article vise à comprendre l'accueil par la psychanalyse et la psychologie analytique de la nouvelle anthropologie, en particulier la perspective d'Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. Au Brésil les peuples indigènes ont acquis de la visibilité au niveau national et international, grâce à leur mobilisation et leur organisation politique. Des livres ont été publiés, et ont reçu des prix, par exemple A Queda do Ceu (La Chute du Ciel) par Davi Kopenawa et Bruce Albert, et Ideias para Adiar o Fim do Mundo (Idées pour Retarder la Fin du Monde) de Ailton Krenak. La psychanalyse freudienne reste silencieuse concernant les peuples indigènes et la nouvelle anthropologie. Le psychanalyste Lacanien C. Dunker semble plus ouvert sur ce sujet et a écrit beaucoup d'articles ainsi qu'un livre important sur ces questions. Les Jungiens sont les plus enthousiastes et s'expriment politiquement concernant ces peuples par le moyen de cours, de groupes d'études, d'articles, de débats en ligne, de livres ainsi que par la présence de leaders autochtones et de chamanes dans leurs conférences. Cet article traite des différentes perspectives sur le sujet dans la communauté psychanalytique - qui vont du silence à l'excitation - et de leurs alliances politiques sous-jacentes.

El presente trabajo busca comprender la recepción de la nueva antropología, en particular la perspectiva de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, por parte del psicoanálisis y de la psicología analítica. Las personas nativas en Brasil han adquirido visibilidad nacional e internacionalmente, gracias a su movilización y organización política. Se han publicado libros premiados como A Queda do Céu (La Caída del Cielo) de Davi Kopenawa y Bruce Albert, e Ideias para Adiar o Fim do Mundo (Ideas para posponer el Fin del Mundo) de Ailton Krenak. El psicoanálisis Freudiano hace silencio respecto a las personas Nativas y a la nueva antropología. El psicoanalista Lacaniano, C. Dunker se muestra más abierto habiendo escrito numerosos artículos y un libro importante sobre este tema. Analistas Junguianos son los más entusiastas y se pronuncian políticamente sobre estas personas a través de cursos, grupos de estudio, artículos, debates virtuales, libros y de la presencia de líderes Nativos y shamanes en sus conferencias. El presente trabajo describe las diversas perspectivas sobre el tema en la comunidad psicoanalítica, las cuales varían desde el silencio hasta el entusiasmo y las alianzas políticas subyacentes.

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a recepção da nova antropologia, em particular a perspectiva de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, pela psicanálise e psicologia analítica. Os povos nativos no Brasil adquiriram visibilidade nacional e internacionalmente, graças à sua mobilização e organização política. Livros premiados foram publicados, como A Queda do Céu, de Davi Kopenawa e Bruce Albert, e Ideias para Adiar o Fim do Mundo, de Ailton Krenak. A psicanálise freudiana mantém silêncio sobre os povos nativos e a nova antropologia. O psicanalista lacaniano C. Dunker parece mais aberto sobre isso e escreveu muitos artigos e um livro importante sobre o assunto. Os junguianos são os mais entusiasmados e falam politicamente sobre esses povos através de cursos, grupos de estudo, artigos, debates on-line, livros e a presença de líderes nativos e xamãs em suas conferências. Este artigo discute as diferentes perspectivas sobre o assunto na comunidade psicanalítica, que variam de silêncio a excitação, e suas alianças políticas subjacentes.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Aristolochia foetida Kunth. Stems and leaves of A. foetida Kunth (Aristolochiaceae) have never been investigated pharmacologically. Recent studies of species of the Aristolochiaceae family found significant cytotoxic activities. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were analyzed by 1H NMR and GC-MS to know the metabolites in each extract. In GC-MS analysis, the main compounds were methyl hexadecanoate (3); hexadecanoic acid (4); 2-butoxyethyl dodecanoate (9); ethyl hexadecanoate (20); methyl octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate (28) and (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (40). The results showed a significant reduction in cell viability of the MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line caused by organic extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity activity of the dichloromethane extract from the stems (DSE) showed IC50 values of 45.9 µg/mL and the dichloromethane extract of the leaves (DLE) showed IC50 values of 47.3 µg/mL. DSE and DLE had the highest cytotoxic potential in an in vitro study against the MCF-7 cell line and non-tumor cells obtained from the bovine mammary epithelial (bMECs). DSE and DLE induced a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and can cause cell death by apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in the MCF-7 cell line. DSE and DLE are cytotoxic in cancer cells and cause late apoptosis. Higher concentrations of DSE and DLE are required to induce a cytotoxic effect in healthy mammary epithelial cells. This is the first report of the dichloromethane extract of A. foetida Kunth that induces late apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells and may be a candidate for pharmacological study against breast cancer.

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As estratégias de intervenção no âmbito das dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura constituem o foco deste trabalho. No panorama nacional, a escassez desses recursos educativos, associada ao fraco investimento na sua validação empírica, orientaram o nosso interesse para a análise desta temática. O recente programa Ainda Estou a Aprender (AEA) é uma ferramenta que tem como objetivo avaliar e intervir na aprendizagem da leitura, mas não se conhecem estudos que atestem a sua eficácia. Neste contexto, desenvolvemos um estudo com 44 alunos do 2º ano de escolaridade com dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura, que distribuímos aleatoriamente por dois grupos, experimental e controle, no sentido de medir o impacto do programa AEA na fluência leitora. Ao grupo experimental foi aplicado o AEA, individualmente ou em pequeno grupo, em 18 sessões de 30 minutos durante seis semanas. O grupo de controle não seguiu o programa. O desempenho dos dois grupos foi monitorizado em três momentos (pré-teste, pós-teste e follow-up). Os resultados demonstram que os alunos do grupo experimental registaram um desempenho manifestamente superior na fluência (h2= .30), assumindo-se como uma prova da eficácia da intervenção. (AU)

Intervention strategies in the context of difficulties in learning to read are the focus of this work. In the national panorama, the scarcity of these educational resources, associated with the low investment in their empirical validation, guided our interest in analyzing this theme. The recent program "I'm Still Learning" is a tool that aims to assess and intervene in learning to read, but there are no known studies attesting to its effectiveness. In this context, we developed a study with 44 2nd grade students with difficulties in learning to read, which we randomly distributed into two groups, experimental and control, as to measure the impact of the program on reading fluency. The "I'm Still Learning" was applied to the experimental group, individually or in a small group, in 18 sessions of 30 minutes during six weeks. The control group did not follow the program. The performance of both groups was monitored at three times (pre-test, post-test and follow-up). The results demonstrate that the students in the experimental group registered a manifestly superior performance in fluency (h2 = .30), assuming this as a proof of the effectiveness of the intervention. (AU)

Las estrategias de intervención en el contexto de las dificultades para aprender a leer son el foco de este trabajo. En el panorama nacional, la escasez de estos recursos educativos, asociada a la baja inversión en su validación empírica, orientó nuestro interés por analizar este tema. El reciente programa "Todavía estoy aprendiendo" es una herramienta que tiene como objetivo evaluar e intervenir en el aprendizaje de la lectura, pero no se conocen estudios que atesten su eficacia. En este contexto, desarrollamos un estudio con 44 alumnos de segundo año con dificultades para aprender a leer, que distribuimos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, experimental y control, para medir el impacto del programa en la fluidez lectora. El "Todavía estoy aprendiendo" se aplicó al grupo experimental, individualmente o en grupo reducido, en 18 sesiones de 30 minutos, durante seis semanas. El grupo de control no siguió el programa. El desempeño de ambos grupos se controló en tres momentos (preprueba, posprueba y seguimiento). Los resultados demuestran que los estudiantes del grupo experimental registraron un desempeño manifiestamente superior en fluidez (h2 = .30), asumiendo esto como prueba de la efectividad de la intervención. (AU)

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic interesterification process in blends with different proportions (w:w) of cupuassu fat and inaja oil (80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60). The interesterification reaction was carried out at 65 °C, agitation at 150 rpm, and enzyme concentration of 5% (w/w), for 6 h. Acidity index, melting point, consistency and solid fat content of the blends were characterized before and after the interesterification process. Fatty acid content was characterized in cupuassu fat and inaja oil and, nutritional quality indexes of atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) were calculated. Enzymatic interesterification promoted a decrease in acidity (<0.6%) and changes in the blends' properties, making them suitable for food product preparation. All esterified blends (cupuassu seed fat:inaja pulp oil) presented suitable consistency properties, plasticity and spreadability to be used for the preparation of functional, table and soft table types of margarine and used in food preparation such as special fats.

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Advances in physiology and other fields are strongly associated with a solid base knowledge of biochemistry and cell metabolism. On the other hand, the complex and abstract nature of metabolic pathways, the traditional lecture method, and other factors made the teaching-learning process of biochemistry a challenging endeavor. To overcome this, we developed and tested a novel active learning tool called Interactive Metabolism (iM-tool). The iM-tool was developed with simple and low-cost materials. We used it for interactive teaching of several metabolic pathways and physiological mechanisms for students enrolled in the Biochemistry subject belonging to different undergraduate courses. The results of evaluation tests showed that the iM-tool significantly (ANOVA, P < 0.01) and consistently improved the biochemistry knowledge of students in classrooms with up to 50 students for 7 different and consecutive academic semesters. A survey intended to mine students' opinions on the tools showed significant satisfaction with the teaching using the iM-tool over traditional lecture-based teaching, and the iM-tool contributed to collaborative learning among students. Therefore, our results showed that the iM-tool improves the biochemistry and cell metabolism teaching-learning process in a more attractive and interactive manner.

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Abstract Two types of Epstein Barr virus (EBV1/EBV2) have been shown to infect humans. Although their genomes are similar, the regions containing the EBNA genes differ. This study aimed to characterize the EBV genotypes of infectious mononucleosis (IM) cases in the metropolitan region of Belém, Brazil, from 2005 to 2016. A total of 8295 suspected cases with symptoms/signs of IM were investigated by infectious disease physicians at Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Care Service, from January 2005 to December 2016. Out of the total, 1645 (19.8%) samples had positive results for EBV by enzyme immunoassay and 251 (15.3%) were submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, using the EBNA3C region, in order to determine the type of EBV. Biochemical testing involving aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were also performed. EBV type was identified by PCR in 30.3% (76/251) of individuals; of those, 71.1% (54/76) were classified as EBV1, 17.1% (13/76) as EBV2, and 11.8% (9/76) as EBV1+EBV2. The main symptoms/signs observed with EBV1 infection were cervical lymphadenopathy (64.8%, 35/54), fever (63%, 34/54), headache (20.4%, 11/54), arthralgia (20.4%, 11/54), and exanthema (18.5%, 10/54). EBV2 infection was detected in all but two age groups, with an average age of 24 years. The most common signs/symptoms of EBV2 were fever (76.9%, 10/13), average duration of 18 days, and lymphadenopathy (69.2%, 9/13). In contrast, EBV1+EBV2 coinfections were more frequent in those aged five years or less (20.0%, 2/10). The symptoms of EBV1+EBV2 coinfection included fever (66.7%, 6/9), and cervical lymphadenopathy and headache (33.3%, 3/9) each. The mean values of hepatic enzymes according to type of EBV was significantly different (p<0.05) in those EBV1 infected over 14 years of age. Thus, this pioneering study, using molecular methods, identified the EBV genotypes in 30.3% of the samples, with circulation of EBV1, EBV2, and EBV1+EBV2 co-infection in cases of infectious mononucleosis in the northern region of Brazil.

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To improve air quality in urban centers, vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs were created to identify highly polluting vehicles and force them to undergo mechanical maintenance. In this context, a methodology, based on a single measurement campaign using a Remote Sensing Device (RSD), is presented in this work to assess the reduction in vehicles emissions obtained from implementing I/M programs. As a case study, an RSD campaign was carried out in Mexico, specifically in Monterrey's Metropolitan Area (MMA). Approximately 0.4% of the vehicles registered in this region were sampled under similar conditions to those found in I/M programs. The results obtained suggested that 39% of the vehicles would not comply with the current national regulations for circulating vehicles. Following a conservative scenario, the implementation of a vehicle I/M program in this urban center has the potential of reducing the current mass emissions of HC, CO and NO in approximately 69%, 42% and 28%, respectively.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine independent risk factors for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) in internal medicine (IM) residency-based primary care offices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to measure antibiotic prescribing rates, and multivariable analysis was utilized to identify predictors of inappropriate prescribing among patients presenting to IM residency-based primary care office practices. Patients with an office visit at either of 2 IM residency-based primary care office practices from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2016, with a primary encounter diagnosis of ARI were included. RESULTS: During the study period, 911 unique patient encounters were included with 518 for conditions for which antibiotics were considered always inappropriate. Antibiotics were not indicated in 85.8% (782 of 911) of encounters. However, antibiotics were prescribed in 28.4% (222 of 782) of these encounters. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing occurred in 111 of 518 (21.4%) encounters for conditions for which antibiotics are always inappropriate. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess for independent risk factors when adjusted for other potential risk factors for office visits at which antibiotics were not indicated, IM resident-associated visits (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.18-0.36) was the only variable independently associated with lower risk of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSION: For ARI visits at which antibiotics were not indicated, IM resident comanagement was associated with lower rates of inappropriate prescribing.

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Byrsonima sericea DC. (Malpighiaceae) leaves are popularly folk medicine in Brazil used to treat gastro-intestinal disorders including diarrhea and gastric diseases. Ethanol extract (BSEE), ethyl acetate extract (BSEAE) and hexane extract (BSHE) of the leaf part of Byrsonima sericea DC were characterized for their total phenolics, proanthocyanidins and flavonoids content. The total antioxidant capacity of extracts was determined. The ethnopharmacological use of B. sericea leaves was evaluated by assaying BSEE for gastroprotective activity in stomach ulcer induced by indomethacin, intestinal motility and toxicity. Abundance of phenols mainly tannins was found in BSEE. Total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins content in BSEE were found to be 0.371, 0.172 and 1.3 × 10-4 (mg/g) respectively. BSEE showed concentration dependent significant scavenging of DPPH values 90.0 (%) respectively. Moreover, oral doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg did not cause mortality, and there was no difference in animals weight, organs relative weight and alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), as compared to the control group. Doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg inhibited the gastric lesions induced by indomethacin in 52, 60 and 62 % respectively. The dose of 1000 mg/kg decreased intestinal motility in animals. The presence of phenolic compounds, including tannins could be associated with the anti-diarrheal action and the antioxidant properties could collaborate to the gastroprotective and anti- diarrheal activities, confirming its popular use of the plant.

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O presente artigo propõe uma investigação acerca da questão do diagnóstico diferencial no contexto da prática de orientação psicanalítica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa traçada diante de uma constatação clínica que se refere à operacionalidade do diagnóstico estrutural, um apontamento de uma perspectiva na qual a orientação do manejo clínico perpassa não pelo rigor classificatório preestabelecido, mas factualmente pela questão do sujeito em sua relação com o Outro, sua posição de discurso.

This paper proposes an investigation regarding the issue of the differential diagnosis in the context of the psychoanalytic practice. It consists of a research based on a clinical observation that refers to the operability of the structural diagnoses. It points out to a perspective in which the direction of the clinical management is not pervaded by the pre-established classificatory rigor, but by the issue of the subject in his relation with the Other, his discursive position.

Cet article propose une investigation sur la problématique du diagnostic différentiel dans la pratique clinique orientée par la psychanalyse. Il s'agit d'une recherche élaborée à partir de la constatation observée dans la clinique, qui se réfère à l'opérationnalité du diagnostic phénoménologique ou structurel, d'une perspective dans laquelle l'orientation du maniement clinique ne se soumet pas à des rigueurs classificatoires préétablies, mais, effectivement, elle passe par la question du sujet dans sa relation à l'Autre, sa position dans le discours.

El presente artículo propone una investigación sobre la cuestión del diagnóstico diferencial en el contexto de la práctica de orientación psicoanalítica. Se trata de una investigación trazada frente a una constatación clínica que se refiere a la operatividad del diagnóstico estructural, una observación de una perspectiva en la cual la orientación del manejo clínico no está impregnada por el rigor clasificatorio preestablecido, sino por la cuestión del sujeto en su relación con el Otro, su posición de discurso.

Dieser Artikel beschreibt eine Forschungsarbeit zum Thema der Differentialdiagnose im Kontext der Praxis der psychoanalytischen Beratung. Es handelt sich um eine auf einer klinischen Bewertung beruhende Forschungsarbeit, welche die Durchführbarkeit der strukturellen Diagnose untersucht, ein Hinweis auf eine Perspektive, in der die klinische Praxis nicht auf eine vorgegebene klassifikatorische Strenge, sondern faktisch auf die Frage nach dem Subjekt in seiner Beziehung zum Anderen, seiner Position im Diskurs, beruht.

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In the last 30 years, since the discovery that vanadium is a cofactor found in certain enzymes of tunicates and possibly in mammals, different vanadium-based drugs have been developed targeting to treat different pathologies. So far, the in vitro studies of the insulin mimetic, antitumor and antiparasitic activity of certain compounds of vanadium have resulted in a great boom of its inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry. Chemical speciation studies of vanadium with amino acids under controlled conditions or, even in blood plasma, are essential for the understanding of the biotransformation of e.g. vanadium antidiabetic complexes at the physiological level, providing clues of their mechanism of action. The present article carries out a bibliographical research emphaticizing the chemical speciation of the vanadium with different amino acids and reviewing also some other important aspects such as its chemistry and therapeutical applications of several vanadium complexes.

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Este artigo, resultado de uma pesquisa de pós-doutorado, aborda a noção de crise psíquica em Pierre Fédida. Articula-se ao caso de uma paciente com HIV-AIDS, hospitalizada, cujos efeitos contratransferenciais da psicoterapia fazem pensar nos processos críticos da situação de crise psíquica e no desejo de “saber de si”. A escuta analítica possibilitou o saber de si. Considera-se que a noção de crise psíquica contribui com a investigação sobre a psicoterapia psicanalítica no hospital.

This paper is the result of a post-doctoral research. It debates the notion of psychic crisis according to Pierre Fédida. The authors discuss the case of a hospitalized HIV/AIDS patient, in which the countertransference effects of psychotherapy suggest the critical processes of the psychic crisis situation and the desire to “know about oneself”. The analytical process enabled the patient to do so. The paper considers that the notion of psychic crisis contributes to research concerning psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the hospital.

Cet article, résultat d'une recherche postdoctorale, aborde la notion de crise psychique selon Pierre Fédida. Il s'agit du cas d'une patiente atteinte du VIH/SIDA, hospitalisée, dont les effets contre-transférentiels de la psychothérapie font penser aux processus critiques de la situation de crise psychique et au désir de «savoir de soi¼. L'écoute analytique a permis le savoir de soi. On considère que la notion de crise psychique contribue à la recherche sur la psychothérapie psychanalytique à l'hôpital.

Este artículo, resultado de una investigación post-doctoral, aborda la noción de la crisis psíquica según Pierre Fédida. Se relaciona al caso de una paciente con VIH-SIDA, hospitalizada, en la que los efectos contratransferenciales de la psicoterapia sugieren procesos críticos de la situación de crisis psíquica y el deseo de “saber de sí misma”. El proceso de escucha analítica le permitió saber de sí misma. Se considera que la noción de crisis psíquica contribuye a la investigación sobre la psicoterapia psicoanalítica en el hospital.

Dieser Beitrag ist das Ergebnis eines Postdoc Forschungsprojektes, der Pierre Fédidas Begriff der psychischen Krise erörtert, am Beispiel einer mit HIV-Aids infizierten Patientin, die in einem Krankenhaus interniert ist. Die gegenübertragenden Wirkungen der Psychotherapie führten zur Reflexion über die kritischen Prozesse der psychischen Krisensituation und des Wunsches, sich selbst zu verstehen. Das analytische Zuhören ermöglichte es der Patientin, sich selbst zu verstehen. Wir kamen zum Schluss, dass die Definition der psychischen Krise zur Untersuchung der psychoanalytischen Psychotherapie im Krankenhaus beiträgt.

本论文是作者的博士后研究课题的部分结果。目的是探讨法国心理分析学家皮埃尔•费迪达(Pierre Fédida)有关心理危机的概念。作者考察了一个特殊病例。病人感染了艾滋病毒HIV-AIDS，住院治疗。在心理分析疗程中，在反移情作用(contratransferências)下，心理分析师见证了一整个心理危机的过程和病人“认识自己”的欲望。分析师通过聆听病人的叙述，使得病人实现了解自我的欲望。作者认为，研究心理危机的概念有助于心理分析疗法在医院的临床应用。.

RESUMO

Pre-mRNA 3' end processing in the nucleus is essential for mRNA stability, efficient nuclear transport, and translation in eukaryotic cells. In Human, the cleavage/polyadenylation machinery contains the 25 kDa subunit of the Cleavage Factor Im (CFIm25), which specifically recognizes two UGUA elements and regulates the assembly of polyadenylation factors, poly(A) site selection and polyadenylation. In Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis, EhCFIm25 has been reported as a RNA binding protein that interacts with the Poly(A) Polymerase. Here, we follow-up with the study of EhCFIm25 to characterize its interaction with RNA. Using in silico strategy, we identified Leu135 and Tyr236 in EhCFIm25 as conserved amino acids among CFIm25 homologues. We therefore generated mutant EhCFIm25 proteins to investigate the role of these residues for RNA interaction. Results showed that RNA binding activity was totally abrogated when Leu135 and Tyr236 were replaced with Ala residue, and Tyr236 was changed for Phe. In contrast, RNA binding activity was less affected when Leu135 was substituted by Thr. Our data revealed for the first time -until we know-the functional relevance of the conserved Leu135 and Tyr236 in EhCFIm25 for RNA binding activity. They also gave some insights about the possible chemical groups that could be interacting with the RNA molecule.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In Part II we discuss the following bacterial pathogens: Shigella, Salmonella (non-typhoidal), diarrheogenic E. coli (enterotoxigenic and enterohemorragic) and Campylobacter jejuni. In contrast to the enteric viruses and Vibrio cholerae discussed in Part I of this series, for the bacterial pathogens described here there is only one licensed vaccine, developed primarily for Vibrio cholerae and which provides moderate protection against enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (Dukoral(®)), as well as a few additional candidates in advanced stages of development for ETEC and one candidate for Shigella spp. Numerous vaccine candidates in earlier stages of development are discussed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this work, the combined use of ultrasound energy and molecular sieves was investigated for the synthesis of ethyl butyrate, ester with mango and banana notes, catalyzed by the immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL-IM). Initially, the best concentrations of biocatalysts (35%) and butyric acid (0.7M) were tested using ultrasound as an alternative to mechanical agitation. The amount of acid in the reaction could be increased by 2-fold when compared to previous works where mechanical agitation was used. In the next step, substrate molar ratio and reaction temperature were optimized and the best conditions were at their lowest levels: 1:1 (acid:alcohol), and 30°C, reaching 61% of conversion in 6h. Molecular sieves (3Å) were added to optimized reaction medium in order to remove the formed water and improve the maximum yield. The reaction yield increased 1.5 times, reaching 90% of conversion in 6h, when 60mg of molecular sieves per mmol of butyric acid was used. Finally, the reuse of Lipozyme TL-IM for the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of ethyl butyrate was verified for 10 batches, without any appreciable loss of activity, whereas in systems using mechanical agitation, the biocatalyst was completely inactivated after 5 batches. These results suggest that the combined use of ultrasound and molecular sieves greatly improve esterification reactions by stabilizing the enzyme and increasing yields.

Assuntos