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BACKGROUND: Mesoamerican sugarcane cutters are at a high risk of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin, a disease likely linked to heat-related acute kidney injury (AKI). Studies in general populations have described a positive association between high environmental temperatures and clinically assessed kidney outcomes, but there are no studies in occupational settings. METHOD: We accessed routine records of clinically diagnosed AKI (AKI-CD) and wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGT) at a large Nicaraguan sugarcane plantation and modeled the relationship between these using negative binomial regression. A rest-shade-hydration intervention was gradually enhanced during the study period, and efforts were made to increase the referral of workers with suspected AKI to healthcare. RESULTS: Each 1°C WBGT was associated with an 18% (95% confidence interval [CI]: [4, 33%]) higher AKI-CD rate on the same day and a 14% (95% CI [-5, 37%]) higher rate over a week. AKI-CD rates and severity, and time between symptoms onset and diagnosis decreased during the study period, that is, with increasing rest-shade-hydration intervention. Symptoms and biochemical signs of systemic inflammation were common among AKI-CD cases. DISCUSSION: Occupational heat stress, resulting from heavy work in environmental heat, was associated with a higher rate of clinically diagnosed AKI in a population at risk of CKDnt. Promoting rest-shade-hydration may have contributed to reducing AKI rates during the study period. Occupational health and safety personnel have key roles to play in enforcing rest, shade, and hydration practices, referring workers with suspected AKI to healthcare as well as collecting and analyzing the data needed to support workplace heat stress interventions.

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Introduction Pharmacovigilance plays a crucial role in evaluating and monitoring the safety of medicines, which is essential for preventing harm to patients and improving public health. This study aims to compare the pharmacovigilance systems of Costa Rica and Italy and assess the safety profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in both countries. Methods Data were collected from the official pharmacovigilance platforms in Costa Rica and Italy. Adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) were categorized by system organ class. Reports of suspected AEFIs associated with COVID-19 vaccines were analyzed for the period from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Results Both countries achieved high vaccination rates, with 84.9% in Italy and 92.9% in Costa Rica. A higher proportion of AEFIs occurred in females in both countries, with 53% and 65% in Naples and Costa Rica, respectively. Most AEFIs were observed in individuals aged 18-64 years. The rate of serious adverse reactions was lower in both countries than the international average. However, Naples reported a higher incidence of serious events per 100,000 inhabitants. Discussion The study sheds light on the importance of vaccine safety profiling and the significance of a comprehensive understanding of vaccine safety and effectiveness, specific population data, and collaborative strategies to mitigate and improve safety. Additionally, the study highlighted the significance of considering sex and gender when evaluating vaccine safety and efficacy, as sex-specific differences may impact vaccine outcomes. Conclusion Continuous pharmacovigilance efforts, collaborative approaches, and comprehensive data analysis are critical in ensuring vaccine safety and efficacy and safeguarding global public health. Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the importance of proactive measures in addressing emerging challenges in vaccine safety and rollout programs worldwide.

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Herb-induced liver injury (HILI) is a global concern due to the uptrend in Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). The authors add to the current literature by reporting a case of a 61-year-old man with recent travel to Haiti. His past medical history include hepatitis C virus treated in 2021 with a sustained virologic response (SVR). He presented with profound weakness and abnormal liver transaminases in the thousands. It was initially unclear what the etiology of the patient's hepatocellular necrosis was, however, the level of abnormality was most consistent with either toxic metabolic injury or vascular ischemic injury. We initiated N-acetylcysteine and vitamin K and had a positive outcome. Upon further questioning, he admitted to consuming an herbal product cleansing tea called "asowosi" in large quantities. We searched the botanical name of the extract and found the active ingredient was Momordica charantia. The team utilized the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), and the results demonstrated a highly probable relationship with M. charantia.

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This work proposes exposure limits for carbon monoxide in the nuclear submarine environment. Linear and non-linear forms of the Coburn-Foster-Kane equation were used to evaluate carbon monoxide exposure for an environment with low oxygen content, different exposure times and crew physical activity levels. We evaluated the 90-day Continuous Exposure Guidance Level, 24-h and 1-h Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels and 10-day and 24-h Submarine Escape Action Levels. The results showed that the concentration of carbon monoxide in the environment must not exceed 9 ppm for the 90-day Continuous Exposure Guidance Level, 35 ppm for the 24-h Emergency Exposure Guidance Level, 90 ppm 1-h Emergency Exposure Guidance Level, 60 ppm for the 10-day Submarine Escape Action Level and 80 ppm for the 24-h Submarine Escape Action Level. Comparing these values with those established by the National Research Council for the United States Navy, the limits proposed by this work are verified to be lower, which may indicate a risk to the health of the crew. They also show the impact of the crew's level of physical activity on the formation of carboxyhemoglobin.

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It is common for companies that are in the process of implementing the Last Planner System (LPS) journey to attempt an increase in productive work and a reduction in waste, such as contributory and noncontributory work. Even though the LPS has proven to have a synergy with the health and safety requirements, companies with deficient health and safety management systems tend to classify work involving substandard acts or conditions as standard, and then pretend to benchmark against other companies that are indeed performing safe work. The following work introduces a framework to simultaneously register and analyze productive, contributory, and noncontributory work, with the substandard acts and conditions in a construction site, allowing for the measurement of production and health & safety indicators simultaneously. In the absence of technology that automatically captures these indicators, it is proposed that simultaneous measurements be made through direct inspections and photo and video recording by means of a handheld camera. The proposed continuous improvement framework follows the steps indicated below: (1) defining the productive, contributory, and noncontributory work with surveys performed on the most representative stakeholders of the industry; (2) proposing a new classification of production and safety work; (3) assessing the level of application of the LPS in the company; (4) measuring the indicators; (5) improving the use of the LPS and performing new measurements; (6) statistically linking deadly, serious, and minor accidents, standard and substandard acts, standard and substandard conditions, and productive, contributory, and noncontributory work. This framework was applied to a case study of a building project in Lima and the results were improved simultaneous indicators, especially the health and safety indicators. Automated classification of productive and nonproductive work using technology still represents a challenge.

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This study aims to identify the proxy determinants of the Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHS) implementation among nurses in a hospital in Indonesia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 100 nurses from 4 services: perinatology, medicine, surgery and pediatrics, with criteria such as having a minimum education level equivalent to a diploma in nursing and still be actively working. Information on the variables length of work, level of education, training and supervision profiles, occupational health and safety of nurses was collected using an independently developed questionnaire. Results: Education level related to OHS implementation among nurses (p value 0.004

El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los determinantes proxy de la implementación del Programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional (SSO) en enfermeras de un hospital en Indonesia. Material y método: Estudio transversal realizado en 100 enfermeros como muestra de los servicios de perinatología, medicina, cirugía y pediatría, con criterios como tener una formación mínima de título profesional en enfermería y seguir trabajando activamente. La información respecto de las variables duración del trabajo, nivel de educación, perfiles de capacitación y supervisión, salud y seguridad ocupacional de los enfermeros fue recolectada mediante un cuestionario que se desarrolló de forma independiente. Resultados: Nivel de educación relacionado con implementación del SSO en enfermeros (valor de p 0,004

O estudo tem como objetivo identificar os determinantes proxy da implementação do Programa de Segurança e Saúde Ocupacional (SSO) em enfermeiros de um hospital na Indonésia. Material e método: Estudo transversal realizado em uma amostra composta de 100 enfermeiros de 4 serviços: perinatologia, medicina, cirurgia e pediatria, com critérios como ter um nivel de escolaridade mínimo equivalente a um título profissional de enfermagem e ainda exercer atividade profissional. As informações sobre as variáveis duração do trabalho, nível de escolaridade, perfis de treinamento e supervisão, saúde e segurança ocupacional dos enfermeiros foram coletadas por meio de um questionário desenvolvido de forma independente. Resultados: Nível de escolaridade relacionado à implementação do SSO em enfermeiros (p valor 0,004

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the moderating effect of Occupational Health and Safety actions based on the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations to mitigate the negative effect of COVID-19 on the operational, logistical, marketing (OLMP), and health and safety performance (OHSP) of workers in multinational industries. The development of surveys in companies was the method adopted, which had confirmatory evaluations through Structural Equations Modelling (SEM). As a result, it was confirmed that this is one of the few scientific studies that expectedly validates that the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted operational, logistical, market, and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) performance. This is also one of the few research projects to assess the moderating effect of OHS practices based on WHO to mitigate the effects of COVID-19. According to our findings, those practices were able to reduce by at least 50% the effect of the COVID-19 crisis on operational, logistical, and marketing performance. However, they minimize by only 1.8% the negative effects of health and safety performance for the worker, generating absenteeism increasingly due to physical and mental problems. This number could be higher if the social distance could be provided in public transportation and if employees were more aware of the risks of COVID-19 contamination during their social activities.

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This study aims to analyze the mechanisms through which the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic impacts on well-being at work and on productivity. The secondary objective is to identify stress management strategies for the work environment during the pandemic. This is an integrative review. Phase 1 consisted of searches of open access electronic databases (MEDLINE, SciELO, Bireme, and LILACS) for papers published in 2020 addressing mental health, work, and pandemics. Phase 2 consisted of selecting literature recommended by specialists in occupational psychiatry and positive psychology. These materials were read and critically analyzed. Forty references were included in the literature review. The articles reviewed were classified into the following categories: articles concerning work relationships in Brazil; articles describing the impact of pandemics on mental health and work; articles focusing on the work of health professionals during pandemics; articles about well-being at work; and papers proposing strategies to improve well-being and productivity and to promote mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic can have a significant impact on workers' mental health and productivity. Most professionals face a need to adapt to changes, which can decrease their feeling of well-being. Consequently, strategies to promote well-being and mental health in the work environment should be a priority. Work routines were modified after the COVID-19 pandemic set in and assessing these changes is essential to maintain workers' mental health. By so doing, it is possible to promote general well-being and post-traumatic recovery and reduce stress levels.

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Abstract This study aims to analyze the mechanisms through which the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic impacts on well-being at work and on productivity. The secondary objective is to identify stress management strategies for the work environment during the pandemic. This is an integrative review. Phase 1 consisted of searches of open access electronic databases (MEDLINE, SciELO, Bireme, and LILACS) for papers published in 2020 addressing mental health, work, and pandemics. Phase 2 consisted of selecting literature recommended by specialists in occupational psychiatry and positive psychology. These materials were read and critically analyzed. Forty references were included in the literature review. The articles reviewed were classified into the following categories: articles concerning work relationships in Brazil; articles describing the impact of pandemics on mental health and work; articles focusing on the work of health professionals during pandemics; articles about well-being at work; and papers proposing strategies to improve well-being and productivity and to promote mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic can have a significant impact on workers' mental health and productivity. Most professionals face a need to adapt to changes, which can decrease their feeling of well-being. Consequently, strategies to promote well-being and mental health in the work environment should be a priority. Work routines were modified after the COVID-19 pandemic set in and assessing these changes is essential to maintain workers' mental health. By so doing, it is possible to promote general well-being and post-traumatic recovery and reduce stress levels.

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BACKGROUND: Occupational safety risk management is a systemic process capable of promoting technical engineering solutions, considering a wide range of predictable, unexpected and subjective factors related to accident occurrences. In Brazil, the behavior of managers in relation to risk management tends to be reactive, and facilitates access to information for crucial practical and academic purposes when it comes to changing the attitude of managers, so that their actions become increasingly more proactive. OBJECTIVE: To identify, classify, analyze, and discuss the existing literature related to the topic, produced from 2008 to 2020, besides contributing to a broader understanding of risk management in occupational safety. METHODS: We did a systematic literature mapping. The research process was documented starting by the planning stage. Afterwards, the focus was on research conduction and information synthesis. RESULTS: Knowledge systematization and stratification about OHS risk management through various perspectives to identify, analyze and manage risks in the workplace. Were identified 37 tools for identifying and analyzing risks, management-related practices and future research trends. CONCLUSIONS: The set of tools and management practices identified can be used as a support for decision making in the selection process of tools and practices to reduce risks and improve occupational safety. Also, the results can help target future research.

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Introducción: La mejor gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo es la que practica la prevención; su eficacia se basa en conocimientos especializados para la evaluación de riesgos y la búsqueda de buenas soluciones. De ahí que el éxito dependa de la comprensión de la intensidad de conocimiento que requiere cada vez más esta tarea. Objetivo: Analizar la intensidad de trabajo de conocimiento que demanda la gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo en una empresa. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Empresa Nacional de Análisis y Servicios Técnicos durante el periodo en que se realizó la investigación para la acreditación de su sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo por la NC ISO 45001. Se evaluó la intensidad de trabajo de conocimiento a partir de la descomposición del trabajo en tareas, las que se evaluaron según las dimensiones de: calificación requerida, autonomía, innovación, intensidad de información, interdependencias y variabilidad de las situaciones. Se calculó la intensidad total, el aporte de cada tarea y de cada dimensión. Resultados: La dimensión más demandante fue la intensidad de información, tanto por lo referido a aspectos tecnológicos como a aspectos médicos y legales. Las tareas con más demanda de intensidad de conocimiento fueron la identificación de peligros y evaluación de riesgos, la capacitación de los trabajadores y la relacionada con la realización y análisis de chequeos médicos. Conclusiones: La efectividad de la gestión de la salud y seguridad en las empresas requiere de apoyos informáticos que respondan a sus necesidades e intercambios sistemáticos interdisciplinares entre ingenieros, psicólogos y médicos dedicados a la salud y seguridad ocupacional(AU)

Introduction: The best management of work safety and health is the practice of prevention; its efficiency is based in specialized knowledge for the assessment of risks and the search of good solutions. Therefore, the success depends on the comprehension of the knowledge intensity that this task requires. Objective: Analyze the intensity of the knowledge work that demands the management of safety and health in the functions of a company. Methods: The study was carried out in the National Company of Analysis and Technical Services during the period when it was performed the research for the accreditation of their Occupational health and safety management system by the NC ISO 45001. It was assessed the intensity of knowledge work from the division of the work in tasks, which were assessed according to the dimensions: required calification, autonomy, innovation, intensity of information, interdependencies and variability of the situations. It was calculated the overall intensity, the contribution of each task and of each dimension. Results: The most demanding dimension was the intensity of information, because of the technological aspects as well as due to the medical and legal aspects. The tasks with most demand of knowledge intensity were: the identification of dangers and assessment of risks, the training of workers, and the one related with the conduction and analysis of medical checkings. Conclusions: The effectiveness of health and safety's management in companies requires informatics supports that actually respond to their needs, and interdisciplinary systematic exchanges among engineers, psychologists and physicians devoted to occupational health and security(AU)

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A Lei n. 13.467/2017, conhecida como Reforma Trabalhista, trouxe várias modificações ao texto da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. Várias dessas mudanças desrespeitam as normas relativas à saúde do trabalhador, dispostas tanto na Constituição Federal de 1988 quanto na legislação infraconstitucional. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar as possíveis implicações da Reforma Trabalhista para a saúde do trabalhador, tendo em vista os regramentos constitucionais. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa com adoção da técnica de análise de conteúdo de documentos. Foram analisadas quatro alterações propostas pela Lei n. 13.467/2017, quais sejam: a possibilidade de alterar o enquadramento do grau de insalubridade mediante negociação coletiva; a possibilidade de reduzir o intervalo intrajornada também por negociação coletiva; a possibilidade de trabalho em condições insalubres durante a gravidez/fase de lactação; e a liberação da terceirização de qualquer atividade. Verificou-se que a "modernização" trazida pela reforma trabalhista consiste, na realidade, na desconstrução da estrutura constitucional e infraconstitucional de proteção ao trabalhador, com desrespeito aos padrões de saúde e segurança até então presentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Como consequência, o estudo aponta para a probabilidade de aumento nos números de acidentes de trabalho e de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho.

Law 13.467/2017, known as the Labor Reform, brought several modifications to the text of the Consolidation of Labor Laws. Several of these changes disregard the norms related to workers' health, both in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and in the infraconstitutional legislation. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the possible implications of the Labor Reform for workers' health, considering the constitutional regulations. For the development of the study, the qualitative methodology was used with the adoption of the document content analysis technique. Four amendments proposed by Law 13.467/2017 were analyzed, namely: the possibility of changing the framework of the degree of unhealthiness through collective bargaining; the possibility of reducing the work break also through collective bargaining; the possibility of working in unhealthy conditions during pregnancy/ lactation, and the liberation of outsourcing of any activity. It was found that the "modernization" brought by the labor reform consists, in fact, in the deconstruction of the constitutional and infraconstitutional structure of worker protection, with disregard for health and safety standards hitherto present in the Brazilian legal system. As a consequence, the study points to the likelihood of an increase in the number of accidents at work and work-related diseases.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine if there are differences in functional capacity and work ability between older and younger active workers in public institutions, and to relate functional capacity to work ability. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated 360 subjects from two public institutions, a university and a high-complexity regional hospital. The participants were divided into 3 age ranges 40-49, 50-59 and ≥ 60 years. The following evaluations were applied: a multidimensional assessment questionnaire, work ability and functional capacity using physical tests (strength, flexibility and balance). RESULTS: There are no significant differences in work ability among the different age groups (P > 0.05). Significant differences were found according to age group in 30-s chair-stand test (30-s CST), 1 repetition maximum (1RM) extending the knee 90° (1RM-leg extension) and 1RM of handgrip strength (1RM-handgrip), upper body flexibility, lower body flexibility, static balance or dynamic balance (P < 0.05). Only the variables 30-s CST (rs = 0.13, P = 0.018), lower body flexibility (rs = 0.13, P = 0.012) and static balance (rs = 0.13, P = 0.012) were related to work ability. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in functional capacity as the workers' ages increase. By contrast, work ability does not present any differences when comparing older and younger adults. Some physical tests of the lower extremities presented a small correlation with work ability.

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This study simulated and evaluated the consequences of possible ethanol leaks in a hypothetical sugarcane biorefinery, considering climatic factors in the region of the State of São Paulo-BR. The Gaussian model was used to obtain the results of the hypothetical scenarios. From these values, an empirical mathematical model was established to describe the behavior of the system within the investigated experimental domain. The results obtained the modeling values of the hypothetical scenarios, the statistical treatment for the two responses-a range, slight damage (R1), and a range, high damage (R2), the joint analyses of variables R1 and R2, and the risk classification of catastrophic events. The consequence analysis allowed the calculation and plotting of graphs, such as the areas of thermal radiation range. Among the variables addressed in the study, the diameter of the leakage hole was the most noticeable in the range of thermal radiation. Therefore, it is relevant to make simulations to prevent hazardous material leakages by applying the exact characteristics of the plant to conduct the procedure.

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Exposure to nanomaterials (NMs) can be considered as human, occupational or environmental. Occupational exposure may be experienced by the workers and/or researchers who develop and produce these products and the hazards inherent to exposure are not yet fully known. Quantitative and qualitative methods are available to estimate the occupational risks associated with the handling of NMs, however, both have limitations. In this context, the objective of this study was to create a Bayesian network (BN) that will allow an assessment of the occupational risk associated with the handling of NMs in research laboratories. The BN was developed considered variables related to exposure, the hazards associated with NMs and also the existing control measures in the work environment, such as collective protection equipment (CPE), administrative measures and personal protection equipment (PPE). In addition to assessing the occupational risk, simulations were carried out by the laboratory manager to obtain information on which actions should be taken to reduce the risk. The development of a BN to assess the occupational risk associated with the handling of NMs is a novel aspect of this study. As a distinctive feature, the BN has measurement control variables in addition to considering CPE, administrative measures and PPE. An advantage of this network in relation to other risk assessment models is that it allows the easy execution of simulations and provides a guide for a decision making by identifying which actions should be taken to minimize the risk.

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Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714), médico italiano, es considerado el padre de la medicina del trabajo por su tratado sobre las enfermedades de los trabajadores, publicado en latín hace más de 300 años. Su fecha de nacimiento, 4 de octubre, se ha tomado como el Día de la Medicina del Trabajo. Fue un precursor de la salud pública y de la seguridad y salud laborales. Se recuerda en este artículo la vida y obra de este eminente clínico, que poseía una amplia formación humanística. (AU)

Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714), an Italian doctor considered the father of occupational medicine, for his treatise about workers' diseases, published in Latin more than 300 years ago. His date of birth, October 4, is the Day of Occupational Medicine. It was a precursor to public health and occupational health and safety. This article recalls the life and work of this eminent clinician, who had an extensive humanistic training. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, currently has the largest dumpsite of the Americas at Estrutural, with over 30 million tons of waste accumulated. Recyclable waste collectors are a group of workers who, in addition to having a low socioeconomic status and residing in vulnerable areas, work sorting garbage in inadequate and unsanitary areas. This profession puts individuals at risk, resulting in death, mutilation, and disease for workers. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to understand the effects of waste on recyclable collectors, along with their perceptions of associated risks. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted, using interviews with 34 participants at Estrutural. RESULTS: Collectors were exposed to several hazards, including biological, physical, and more extreme hazards (e.g. being run over by waste trucks). Personal protective equipment was not adequately used, exposing recyclable collectors to injury. Accidents included cuts, burns, skin lesions, eyes lesions, and arm, leg, head, feet, and hand injuries and amputations. Often, homecare remedies and collected medical waste (e.g. pain killers) were used on these injuries instead of seeking out proper medical care. CONCLUSIONS: Recyclable collectors were aware of occupational hazards, but lacked education on the risks and consequences associated with exposure to medical hazards. Moreover, Brazil recently formally closed all dumpsites, complicating this issue. The findings of the present study confirm the need to address these hazards to provide a safe working environment for waste pickers. PARTICIPANT CONSENT: Obtained. ETHICS APPROVAL: This study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Health School of Brasília University under Opinion n. 1.517.670/2016. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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We are presenting here a translation of the introduction to a Cuban government Manual of Safety and Hygiene for Work that was prepared for Cuban workers in 1965. The manual was written by Lic. Hugo Murua Chevesich and Dr. Antonio Granda Ibarra. The introduction includes a brief statement from Commandante Erneso Che Guevara, then Cuban Minister of Industry. Noteworthy is that Che explains that occupational health and safety was not a priority in the revolution's first years under the pressure to increase production. In fact, he says that this pressure caused a certain contempt for personal safety. He declares that this approach must change and states emphatically that protection of workers is essential and that the measures explained in the manual must be implemented immediately.

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In the present work, the results are presented for the characterization of work risk prevention in the Guatemalan construction industry. This characterization has been carried out using a simple random sampling technique, employing a questionnaire that was structured into 3 groups of variables: 1. General company data; 2. Prevention and management activities regarding health and safety in the company and on the worksite; and 3. Health and safety in the contractor companies. Following the sampling phase, the data were introduced in a database format, and a preliminary analysis was performed on the studied variables, followed by a descriptive analysis and a multiple correspondence analysis. The main findings of the study emphasize that companies in the Guatemalan construction sector are characterized as dedicating most of their activity (52.0%) indistinctly between civil engineering work, building construction and other specialized construction, mainly working as contractors (47.5%). These are "medium-sized" companies, employing an average of 81.1 on-site workers, having an average of 6.8 on-site work crews, and grossing an average turnover of 1.29 million euros annually. Likewise, it found that the larger construction companies adopt better prevention and management measures for worksite health and safety the larger companies are correlated with a high awareness of experiencing worksite accidents, while medium-sized companies have medium-level awareness. Companies with fewer workers manage workplace risk prevention worse, with low accident risk awareness. This correlation between these indicative variables of company size and workplace risk management and prevention is clearly reflected in the four company "clusters" that have been identified as having homogenous characteristics using the multiple correspondence analysis technique. Companies in the Guatemalan construction sector should make a greater effort to improve manager and worker training regarding workplace risk prevention to increase the effectiveness of company prevention management.

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