RESUMO

The use of biological membranes in surgeries is a reality for years, and one of the most used is the bovine pericardium, so the purpose of this research is to describe the bovine pericardium's biomechanics by comparing two directions of a test, one parallel to the longitudinal heart axis and one perpendicular. 20 adult bovine pericardium were tested for the maximum rupture force and rupture elongation, collecting four samples of each pericardium direction. In phase 2, eight pericardia were conserved for 4 months in a 98% glycerine solution, and the solution in which they were submerged was microbiologically analysed monthly. The Mann-Whitney test was used; there was a very significant difference between the perpendicular and parallel groups (p = .0001). The T test showed no significant difference for the rupture elongation (p = .0938). In pericardium preserved in glycerine, the outliers were removed regarding the maximum rupture force, and a Boxcox transformation was performed (λ = 0.25). Outliers were removed for the rupture elongation, and Bartlett's test (p = .7836), and Cramer-Von Mises (p = .5033) were performed and then, the analysis of variance (p < .0001), followed by the Tukey test at 5%. In the microbiological analysis, there was no presence of microorganisms during conservation. The research has shown that the pericardium collection direction influences its resistance and it can be stored in glycerine for 4 months without losing biomechanical characteristics.

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RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the production of carotenoid pigments by Rhodotorula spp. in submerged fermentation, using residual glycerin from biodiesel production as a carbon source. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC showed that the residual glycerin used as substrate was 57.88% composed of glycerol. The best growth conditions were found in the fermentation medium composed of residual glycerin at a concentration of 30 g/L and pH 9. From all the Rhodotorula strains tested, R. minuta URM6693 was selected because of their performance and adaptation in all culture media assayed. The maximum volumetric production of carotenoids was found at 48 h (equivalent to 17.20 mg/L, for the R. minuta). The production of ß-carotene since the first 24 h of fermentation reach a final concentration of 1.021 mg/L. The yeast Rhodotorula minuta proved its capability to efficiently convert the substrate (mainly at the concentration of 50 g/L), obtaining products of biotechnological interest.

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RESUMO

Biodiesel production from the transesterification of triglycerides produces crude glycerol as a by-product with a percentage of glycerol typically 20-80% (w/w) depending on the specific conditions of the transesterification process. This crude glycerol requires further purification in order to achieve commercial value and to increase the profitability of biodiesel production. For this reason, the main objective of this work was to obtain glycerol with a purity greater than 90% (w/w) starting from water-free crude glycerine as obtained from the IPN-GBD-1000® transesterification process and treating it via single-step neutralization according to green chemistry principles. For this purpose, sulphuric (H2SO4) and citric (C6H8O7) acids were evaluated as neutralizers by adding dilute acid solutions to crude glycerine under mild conditions. The physicochemical characterization of both crude and purified glycerol was carried out by means of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the neutralization method herein developed allowed the obtaining of glycerol with purities of 98.5% and 84.37% (w/w) and treatment efficiencies of 98.5% and 46.7% for sulphuric and citric acid treatments, respectively. In addition, the environmental viability of the sulphuric acid process was evaluated through the calculation of green metrics such as environmental factor, water factor and mass intensity, through which significant environmental advantages were confirmed. The one-step neutralization process reported herein generates zero waste when sulphuric acid is used; it also decreases the water consumption 17-fold and reduces 3-fold the use of raw materials per mass unit of purified glycerol compared to the conventional acidification-neutralization process.

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The use of glycerol in the diets for animals is of interest because it is a residue of biodiesel production and rich in energy. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate metabolic and physiological parameters of rats receiving supplemental pure glycerol by gavage. We used 30 Wistar rats (initial weight 202.7 ± 29.98 g) receiving 0 (control/saline), 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg glycerol/kg of body weight (bidistilled glycerine, 99.85% glycerol) beside food and water ad libitum for 28 days. We used a completely randomised design with five treatments and six replicates. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed, and the results showed that there was no change (p > 0.05) in the intake and excretion of water, the average daily weight gain, dry matter, ash and crude protein in the carcass or plasma triacylglycerols. There was a beneficial effect (p < 0.05) up to a dose of 800 mg/kg glycerol on feed intake, percentage of carcass fat, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) and low-/very low-density lipoprotein (LDLc + VLDLc). The levels of total cholesterol and glucose were increased with up to a dose of 800 mg/kg glycerol (but remained within the normal range); they were reduced with the dose of 1600 mg/kg. The total leucocyte count tended to be reduced, although it was within the reference values for rats. There were no renal or pancreatic lesions. In conclusion, glycerol presented as a safe supplement at the studied doses, even having some beneficial effects in a dose-dependent manner in rats.

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RESUMO

We evaluated training adaptation and physical performance parameters in rats orally supplemented with glycerol, glucose, or saline, and submitted to moderate aerobic exercise. Thirty male rats were trained for 6 weeks and administered the supplements during the last 4 weeks of the experiment. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized factorial 2 × 3 design (with or without exercise and 3 substrates). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using the Student-Newmann-Keuls test at 5%. Among the trained animals, none of the substances caused differences in the percentages of protein, fat, or water content in the carcass. Compared with the sedentary animals, the trained animals supplemented with saline and glucose showed a higher protein percentage in the carcass. The relative mass of the heart and adrenal glands was higher in the trained animals. Glycerol improved the protein content in non-trained animals and increased the relative adrenal mass in both groups. Glycerol reduced the variation in levels of lactate and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) during the last exercise session. There was no difference between groups regarding the relative mass of the thymus and gastrocnemius or with the diameter of muscle fibers or the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Supplementation with glycerol was efficient at attenuating variation in AST and lactate levels during exercise.

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We evaluated the effects of oral glycerol supplementation on trained rats fed a normal diet. Wistar rats were distributed among 6 groups in a completely randomized 2 × 3 factorial design. The animals were subjected to 6 weeks of aerobic training. In the last 4 weeks, the animals' diet was supplemented with saline, glucose, or glycerol. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Student-Newmann-Keuls test, with values for P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. The change in body mass was lower in the trained groups, and their food and water consumption were higher. Glycerol supplementation resulted in an increase in the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol, as well as in the area and diameter of adipocytes. When associated with training, these parameters were similar to those of other trained groups. Levels of low-density lipoprotein + very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased in the trained animals that received glycerol compared with the non-trained ones. Glycerol consumption caused a reduction in food intake and increased the villous:crypt (V:C) ratio. No changes in glycemia, high density lipoproteins, or density of adipocytes were observed. Supplementation with glycerol together with aerobic physical training promoted beneficial metabolic effects. However, in non-trained rats glycerol increased the diameter and area of adipocytes, as well as the levels of TAG and total cholesterol.

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RESUMO

In this study, we propose the use of tung cake for the production of organic acids, with an emphasis on citric acid by solid-state fermentation. We evaluated the conditions of production and the by-products from the biodiesel chain as raw materials involved in this bioprocess. First, we standardized the conditions of solid-state fermentation in tung cake with and without residual fat and with different concentrations of glycerine using the fungus Aspergillus niger The solid-state fermentation process was monitored for 7 days considering the biomass growth and pH level. Citric acid production was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Fungal development was better in the crude tung cake, consisting of 20% glycerine. The highest citric acid yield was 350 g kg(-1) of biomass. Therefore, the solid-state fermentation of the tung cake with glycerine led to citric acid production using the Aspergillus niger fungus.

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This work was realized to evaluate the effect of natural additives as propolis or essential oils addition on animal performance, feed intake, apparent digestibility and carcass characteristics of bulls finished in feedlot. Thirty bulls (½ Aberdeen Angus vs. ½ Nellore) were randomly assigned in one of three diets (control CON, propolis PRO and essential oils OIL) and kept in feedlot (individual pen) during 55 days. CON diet consists of 45% corn silage, 40% concentrate (cracked corn, soybean meal, limestone and mineral salt) and 15% glycerine. The PRO group received same diet that control plus 3 grams to animal day-1 of propolis dry added to the concentrate. The OIL oils group received same diet that control and 3 grams to animal day-1 of essential oils (cashew and castor oils) added to the concentrate. Final weight, average daily gain, feed efficiency and hot carcass weightwere better for bulls supplemented with essential oils and propolis than for bulls fed control diet. The feed intake, apparent digestibility, carcass conformation and tissue composition were unaffected by the additives addition. The addition of propolis and essential oils in the diets of bulls finished in feedlot improve animal performance and carcass weight.(AU)

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da adição de própolis e óleos essenciais sobre o desempenho animal, ingestão de alimentos, digestibilidade aparente, características de carcaça de bovinos não castrados terminados em confinamento. Trinta bovinos (½ Aberdeen Angus vs. ½ Nelore) foram designados ao acaso para uma das três dietas (Controle CON, Própolis PRO e Óleos essenciais OIL) e mantidos em confinamento (baias individuais) durante 55 dias. A dieta CON era composta de 45% de silagem de milho, 40% de concentrado (milho moído, farelo de soja, calcário e sal mineral) e 15% de glicerina. O grupo PRO recebeu a mesma dieta que o grupo controle mais 3 gramas animal dia-1 propolis seco adicionado ao concentrado. O grupo OIL recebeu a mesma dieta que o controle mais gramas animal dia1 de óleos essenciais (óleos de mamona e caju) adicionados ao concentrado. O peso final, ganho médio diário, eficiência alimentar e peso de carcaça quente foram melhores para os bovinos suplementados com óleos essenciais e própolis do que para os animais da dieta controle. A ingestão de alimentos, digestibilidade aparente, conformação de carcaça e composição de tecidos não foram alterados pela adição de aditivos. A adição de própolis e óleos essenciais na dieta de bovinos melhorou o desempenho animal e peso de carcaça.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This work was realized to evaluate the effect of natural additives as propolis or essential oils addition on animal performance, feed intake, apparent digestibility and carcass characteristics of bulls finished in feedlot. Thirty bulls (½ Aberdeen Angus vs. ½ Nellore) were randomly assigned in one of three diets (control CON, propolis PRO and essential oils OIL) and kept in feedlot (individual pen) during 55 days. CON diet consists of 45% corn silage, 40% concentrate (cracked corn, soybean meal, limestone and mineral salt) and 15% glycerine. The PRO group received same diet that control plus 3 grams to animal day-1 of propolis dry added to the concentrate. The OIL oils group received same diet that control and 3 grams to animal day-1 of essential oils (cashew and castor oils) added to the concentrate. Final weight, average daily gain, feed efficiency and hot carcass weightwere better for bulls supplemented with essential oils and propolis than for bulls fed control diet. The feed intake, apparent digestibility, carcass conformation and tissue composition were unaffected by the additives addition. The addition of propolis and essential oils in the diets of bulls finished in feedlot improve animal performance and carcass weight.

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da adição de própolis e óleos essenciais sobre o desempenho animal, ingestão de alimentos, digestibilidade aparente, características de carcaça de bovinos não castrados terminados em confinamento. Trinta bovinos (½ Aberdeen Angus vs. ½ Nelore) foram designados ao acaso para uma das três dietas (Controle – CON, Própolis – PRO e Óleos essenciais – OIL) e mantidos em confinamento (baias individuais) durante 55 dias. A dieta CON era composta de 45% de silagem de milho, 40% de concentrado (milho moído, farelo de soja, calcário e sal mineral) e 15% de glicerina. O grupo PRO recebeu a mesma dieta que o grupo controle mais 3 gramas animal dia-1 propolis seco adicionado ao concentrado. O grupo OIL recebeu a mesma dieta que o controle mais gramas animal dia1 de óleos essenciais (óleos de mamona e caju) adicionados ao concentrado. O peso final, ganho médio diário, eficiência alimentar e peso de carcaça quente foram melhores para os bovinos suplementados com óleos essenciais e própolis do que para os animais da dieta controle. A ingestão de alimentos, digestibilidade aparente, conformação de carcaça e composição de tecidos não foram alterados pela adição de aditivos. A adição de própolis e óleos essenciais na dieta de bovinos melhorou o desempenho animal e peso de carcaça.

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RESUMO

A utilização de membrana biológica constitui-se método alternativo na reparação de hérnia perineal, e avaliar suaeficiência como reforço após a herniorrafia pela técnica de elevação do músculo obturador interno consiste no objetivodeste trabalho. Para tanto, utilizaram-se dez cães atendidos no Serviço de Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais do HospitalVeterinário da FMVZ/USP. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos, GI e GII, com cinco representantes em cadaum. A hérnia perineal foi corrigida pela técnica de elevação do músculo obturador interno em ambos os grupos, sendoque o grupo GII ganhou reforço no diafragma pélvico com enxerto de retalho de pericárdio equino Puro Sangue Inglês,conservado em glicerina a 98%. Os animais foram avaliados por até 90 dias de pós-operatório, mediante análises clínica,ultrassonográfica e radiográfica da região perineal. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que houve reforço no local daherniorrafia ao se fixar o pericárdio de equino conservado em glicerina a 98%, diminuindo a ocorrência de deiscênciade pontos e ruptura do diafragma operado

The use of biological membrane constitutes an alternative method to repair perineal hernia, and evaluate its performanceas a reinforcement after herniorrhaphy by of raising internal obturator muscle was the goal of this study. Ten dogsadmitted at the Department of Small Animal Surgery Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ / USP were included. Animalswere equally divided into two groups, GI and GII. Perineal hernia was corrected by the elevating the internal obturatormuscle in both groups, but in group GII won the strengthening of the pelvic diaphragm flap of equine pericardiumpure English Thoroughbred, preserved in glycerol to 98%. The animals were evaluated until 90 days post-operativelyby clinical examination, ultrasound and radiographic images of the perineal region. The results showed that therewere enhanced at the site of the hernia with equine pericardium preserved in glycerol 98%, reducing the occurrence ofdehiscence points and rupture of the diaphragm operated

Assuntos

RESUMO

A utilização de membrana biológica constitui-se método alternativo na reparação de hérnia perineal, e avaliar suaeficiência como reforço após a herniorrafia pela técnica de elevação do músculo obturador interno consiste no objetivodeste trabalho. Para tanto, utilizaram-se dez cães atendidos no Serviço de Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais do HospitalVeterinário da FMVZ/USP. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos, GI e GII, com cinco representantes em cadaum. A hérnia perineal foi corrigida pela técnica de elevação do músculo obturador interno em ambos os grupos, sendoque o grupo GII ganhou reforço no diafragma pélvico com enxerto de retalho de pericárdio equino Puro Sangue Inglês,conservado em glicerina a 98%. Os animais foram avaliados por até 90 dias de pós-operatório, mediante análises clínica,ultrassonográfica e radiográfica da região perineal. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que houve reforço no local daherniorrafia ao se fixar o pericárdio de equino conservado em glicerina a 98%, diminuindo a ocorrência de deiscênciade pontos e ruptura do diafragma operado.(AU)

The use of biological membrane constitutes an alternative method to repair perineal hernia, and evaluate its performanceas a reinforcement after herniorrhaphy by of raising internal obturator muscle was the goal of this study. Ten dogsadmitted at the Department of Small Animal Surgery Veterinary Hospital of FMVZ / USP were included. Animalswere equally divided into two groups, GI and GII. Perineal hernia was corrected by the elevating the internal obturatormuscle in both groups, but in group GII won the strengthening of the pelvic diaphragm flap of equine pericardiumpure English Thoroughbred, preserved in glycerol to 98%. The animals were evaluated until 90 days post-operativelyby clinical examination, ultrasound and radiographic images of the perineal region. The results showed that therewere enhanced at the site of the hernia with equine pericardium preserved in glycerol 98%, reducing the occurrence ofdehiscence points and rupture of the diaphragm operated.(AU)

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RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a hemostasia e a cicatrização hepática após hepatectomia segmentar, utilizando eletrocautério seco, ou emplastrado com: gel de lidocaína, pomada de neomicina, loção de glicerina e pomada de vaselina. MÉTODOS: Coelhos foram submetidos à hepatectomia parcial e distribuídos em seis grupos (n=10): Grupo 1: sem tratamento; Grupo 2: tratamento com eletrocautério seco; Grupo 3: emplastrado com gel de lidocaína; Grupo 4: pomada de neomicina; Grupo 5: loção de glicerina; Grupo 6: pomada de vaselina. Foram mensurados o peso do fígado ressecado, o volume de sangramento e o tempo dispendido para hemostasia. Cinco coelhos de cada grupo foram reoperados após 24 horas, e cinco após sete dias, para biópsia da ferida hepática e exploração da cavidade abdominal. Eritrograma e marcadores de função e lesão hepática foram avaliados no pré-operatório e antes das reoperações. RESULTADO: O gel de lidocaína e a loção de glicerina reduziram o volume do sangramento e o tempo de hemostasia, além de conduzirem a energia térmica do eletrocautério, provocando degeneração hidrópica celular após 24 horas e necrose após sete dias, com profundidade maior no tecido hepático. Todas as substâncias elevaram as aminotransferases. Esses valores normalizaram-se em até sete dias. CONCLUSÃO: O eletrocautério emplastrado com gel de lidocaína e a loção de glicerina foram os métodos mais eficazes na hemostasia do parênquima hepático de coelhos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the hemostasis and healing of the hepatic parenchyma after segmental hepatectomy, using a dry electrocautery or an electrocautery greased with lidocaine gel, neomycin pomade, glycerin lotion, or a vaseline pomade. METHODS: Rabbits were submitted to partial hepatectomy and divided into six groups of 10 animals each: Group 1: untreated; Group 2: treated with a dry electrocautery; Group 3: treated with an electrocautery greased with lidocaine gel; Group 4: with neomycin pomade; Group 5: with glycerine lotion; Group 6: with vaseline pomade. Resected liver weight, bleeding volume and time spent to achieve hemostasis were determined. Five rabbits from each group were re-operated upon after 24 hours and five after 7 days in order to obtain a biopsy of the hepatic wound and to explore he abdominal cavity. Red blood cell levels and markers of hepatic function and injury were determined before surgery and before re-operation. RESULTS: Lidocaine gel and glycerine lotion reduced the bleeding volume and the time to achieve hemostasis and conducted the thermal energy of the electrocautery, causing hydropic cell degeneration after 24 hours and deeper necrosis of hepatic tissue after 7 days. All substances increased the aminotransferase concentrations. These values returned to normal after a maximum of seven days. CONCLUSION: The electrocautery coated with lidocaine gel and glycerine lotion were the most effective methods for the hemostasis of hepatic parenchyma.

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Two fractions of the same Type C Waldmann, subtypeC3 Indaial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus suspension were added respectively to equal volume of glycerine and an ordinary diluent (Earles saline containing 2,000 UI of penicillin G and 2,0 miligrams of stretomyc in per mililiter), and stored at -20C. The results obtained at 117, 150, 185 and 213 days after their preparation by means of replicated consecutive titration test using suckling mice, showed higher stability for the glycerine-added suspension.

Duas porções de uma mesma suspensão de vírus, tipo C Waldmann, Subtipo C3 Indaial, da febre aftosa foram adicionadas a igual volume, respectivamente de glicerina e de diluente comum (Salina de Earle adicionada de 2.000 UI de penicilina G potássica e 2,0 miligramas de sulfato de estreptomicina por mililitro), e estocada a -20C. Os resultados obtidos nas provas de Titulação sucessivas realizadas, em camundongos lactentes, imediatamente após e aos 117, 150, 185 e 213 dias de sua preparação revelam uma maior estabilidade da suspensão adicionada de glicerina.

RESUMO

Two fractions of the same Type C Waldmann, subtypeC3 Indaial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus suspension were added respectively to equal volume of glycerine and an ordinary diluent (Earles saline containing 2,000 UI of penicillin G and 2,0 miligrams of stretomyc in per mililiter), and stored at -20C. The results obtained at 117, 150, 185 and 213 days after their preparation by means of replicated consecutive titration test using suckling mice, showed higher stability for the glycerine-added suspension.

Duas porções de uma mesma suspensão de vírus, tipo C Waldmann, Subtipo C3 Indaial, da febre aftosa foram adicionadas a igual volume, respectivamente de glicerina e de diluente comum (Salina de Earle adicionada de 2.000 UI de penicilina G potássica e 2,0 miligramas de sulfato de estreptomicina por mililitro), e estocada a -20C. Os resultados obtidos nas provas de Titulação sucessivas realizadas, em camundongos lactentes, imediatamente após e aos 117, 150, 185 e 213 dias de sua preparação revelam uma maior estabilidade da suspensão adicionada de glicerina.