Assuntos
Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Doenças Mandibulares , Humanos , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/patologia , Doenças Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Mandibulares/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Criança , Feminino , Radiografia PanorâmicaRESUMO
Denosumab has been considered a treatment option for Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) a benign locally aggressive osteolytic lesion of the jaws. This study aimed to perform a scoping review of CGCG treated with Denosumab. The research question was: What is Denosumab's effectiveness in treating CGCG of the jaws? Studies that used Denosumab as a treatment for CGCGs in the jaws were selected following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, using Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Springer Link databases, among others. Demographics, clinical information, dosing, efficacy, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and imaging tests used to assess the evolution of the lesions were extracted. Twenty-one studies were selected. Sixty patients with a mean age of 23.2 years were treated with Denosumab, 42% with 120 mg subcutaneously monthly, additional doses on days 1, 8, and 15 for month 1 in adults. In children, dosing was adjusted by weight to 60 or 70 mg. To avoid ADRs 500 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D orally were used. Initial effective response was reported after 1-3 months, with recurrence of 19.6% and ADRs in 74% of cases. Denosumab is effective for CGCG with monthly subcutaneous doses of 120 mg, 60 or 70 mg in patients < 45 or 50 kg for ≥ 12 months with calcium and vitamin D supplementation until remission changes are observed. Extensive or refractory lesions were the main indications. Common ADRs were hypo and hypercalcemia. Further studies are needed to define dose and supplementation protocols to avoid ADRs during and after therapy.
Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea , Denosumab , Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Doenças Maxilomandibulares , Humanos , Denosumab/uso terapêutico , Denosumab/efeitos adversos , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Maxilomandibulares/induzido quimicamente , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/efeitos adversos , Criança , Adulto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
O granuloma periférico de células gigantes (GPCG) é uma lesão hiperplásica benigna causada por trauma local ou trauma crônico. Origina-se do ligamento periodontal ou mucoperiósteo. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso de GPCG em mandíbula tratada com sucesso através de excisão cirúrgica, curetagem e ostectomia periférica.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a benign hyperplastic lesion caused by local trauma or chronic trauma. It originates from the periodontal ligament or mucoperiosteum. The objective of this work is to present a case of PGCG in the mandible successfully treated through surgical excision, curettage and peripheral ostectomy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico , Células Gigantes , Odontologia , Granuloma/diagnóstico , MandíbulaRESUMO
Central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) are not common in the mandibular condyle. In teenagers, the problem is more complex because of difficulties in diagnosis and treatment involving the potential growth of the mandibular process and development of the face. In this short communication a case is presented of an eleven-year-old female under diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma affecting the mandibular condyle treated surgically in two steps using a condylectomy and vertical ramus osteotomy at the first time and later orthognathic surgery, showing the clinical evolution after 13 years of follow-up. In addition, we performed a review of the scientific reports related to CGCG in the mandibular condyle to compare this treatment with others, in terms of follow-up and results. We concluded that the CGCG affecting the mandibular head can be properly treated with low condilectomy, vertical mandibular ramus sliding osteotomy, and discopexy.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Giant cell granuloma of the jaws are benign osteolytic lesions of the jaws. These lesions are genetically characterized by mutually exclusive somatic mutations at TRPV4, KRAS, and FGFR1, and a fourth molecular subgroup which is wild-type for the three mutations. Irrespective of the molecular background, giant cell granulomas show MAPK/ERK activation. However, it remains unclear if these mutations lead to differences in their molecular signaling in giant cell granulomas. METHODS: Metabolomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analyses were carried out in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of giant cell granuloma of the jaws. The study cohort consisted of five lesions harboring mutations in FGFR1, six in KRAS, five in TRPV4, and five that were wild-type for these mutations. RESULTS: Lesions harboring KRAS or FGFR1 mutations showed overall similar proteomics and metabolomics profiles. In all four groups, metabolic pathways showed similarity in apoptosis, cell signaling, gene expression, cell differentiation, and erythrocyte activity. Lesions harboring TRPV4 mutations showed a greater number of enriched pathways related to tissue architecture. On the other hand, the wild-type group presented increased number of enriched pathways related to protein metabolism compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: Despite some minor differences, our results revealed an overall similar molecular profile among the groups with different mutational profile at the metabolic, proteic, and phosphopeptidic levels.
Assuntos
Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Canais de Cátion TRPV , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/genética , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/metabolismo , Humanos , Arcada Osseodentária/metabolismo , Arcada Osseodentária/patologia , Metabolômica , Mutação , Proteômica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Canais de Cátion TRPV/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismoRESUMO
Resumen El granuloma actínico es una dermatosis granulomatosa poco frecuente, que se observa en adultos de mediana edad con antecedentes de fotoexposición. Su patogénesis no es clara; siendo la teoría más aceptada la radiación solar como factor disparador. Se caracteriza por placas anulares con atrofia central y bordes eritematosos elevados que son similares a los observados en el granuloma anular. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 71 años, con placas anulares en antebrazos compatibles con granuloma actínico. Se comunica el caso por lo infrecuente de esta entidad y se realiza una revisión bibliográfica.
Abstract Actinic granuloma is a rare granulomatous dermatosis, seen in middle-aged adults with a history of photoexposure. Its pathogenesis is not clear; the most accepted theory being solar radiation as a triggering factor. It is characterized by annular plaques with central atrophy and raised erythematous borders that are similar to those seen in granuloma annulare. The clinical case of a 71-year-old patient with annular plaques on the forearms compatible with actinic granuloma is presented. The case is reported due to the infrequent nature of this entity and a bibliographical review is carried out.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical treatment as an alternative in the management of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA statement in order to answer the question "Are non-surgical treatments effective as an alternative in the treatment of CGCG?". Two examiners independently assessed eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted data, which included therapeutic protocol, side effects, and need for surgical supplementation. RESULTS: Among 1712 studies, 15 were included, totaling 145 patients. Calcitonin, intralesional corticosteroids, and denosumab were the medications used. For calcitonin (n = 61), complete remission was found in 30 cases. For intralesional triamcinolone (n = 68), reduction in size was observed in most cases (n = 39). Four cases received subcutaneous denosumab and showed absence of active bone metabolism in the region, of which three presented ossification. Combination of drug therapies (n = 29) was reported in one study and included subcutaneous interferon and oral imatinib. More and less side effects were found for interferon and corticosteroids, respectively. Forty percent of patients required additional surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Despite the side effects presented and the need for additional surgery in some patients, in general, all non-surgical treatments could provide positive results as an alternative for the management of CGCG, especially with regard to reducing the size of the lesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CGCG is a benign bone lesion that mainly affects young individuals. Although the most common therapy is surgery, its contraindication in some patients, the large extension, and high recurrence rate of the aggressive variant have led the search for non-surgical therapies.
Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea , Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Doenças Mandibulares , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/tratamento farmacológico , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/cirurgia , Humanos , Doenças Mandibulares/cirurgiaRESUMO
O granuloma central de células gigantes (GCCG) dos maxilares é uma lesão intraóssea benigna, que pode apresentar um curso localmente agressivo. Setenta por cento dessas lesões apresentam mutações em TRPV4, KRAS ou FGFR1. Alguns estudos apontam que a população de células mononucleares parece ser o componente proliferativo da lesão. Essa população de células mononucleares é uma população mista, composta tanto por células mononucleares de origem monocítica quanto por células mesenquimais indiferenciadas. Assim, este estudo avaliou se, quando colocadas em cultura, o componente proliferativo da lesão é composto por células de origem mesenquimais ou de natureza monocítica. Foi estabelecida a cultura de células primárias de GCCG, a partir de uma amostra de conveniência composta por uma linhagem oriunda de uma lesão em mandíbula em paciente do sexo masculino, 20 anos. E, as amostras foram incubadas com os anticorpos CD14 e CD51/CD61, e triplicadas amostrais foram submetidas a citometria de fluxo para identificação das subpopulações de células presentes. Foi observado que somente as células mononucleares permaneciam ao longo das passagens. Pela citometria de fluxo, observou-se predominância de células CD14-CD51-CD61- triplamente negativas, compatível com o perfil esperado para células estromais/mesenquimais. Com base nos resultados, reforça-se a ideia de que as células mononucleares CD14- CD51-CD61- são centrais na patogênese dos GCCG, enquanto as células mononucleares de origem monocítica (CD14+) e as células gigantes semelhantes a osteoclastos (CD51+CD61 +) são reativas.
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jaws is a benign intraosseous lesion, which may present an aggressive course. Seventy per cent of these lesions present mutations in TRPV4, KRAS or FGFR1. The population of mononuclear cells seems to be the proliferative component of the lesion. This mononuclear cell population is a mixed population, composed of both mononuclear cells of monocytic origin and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. Thus, this study evaluated whether, when placed in culture, the proliferative component of (CGCG) is composed of mesenchymal cells or monocytic cells. The culture of primary CGCG cells was established from a convenience sample composed of a lineage originated from a mandibular lesion in 20 y.o. male patient. The samples were incubated with CD14 and CD51/CD61 antibodies, and triplicate samples were submitted to flow cytometry to identify the subpopulations of cells. It was observed that only mononuclear cells remained along the passages. By flow cytometry, a predominance of triple negative CD14-CD51-CD61- cells was observed, compatible with the expected profile for stromal/mesenchymal cells. Our results reinforce the idea that the mesenchymal cells (CD14-CD51-CD61-) have central importance in the CGCG pathogenesis, while the mononuclear cells of monocytic origin (CD14+) and the osteoclast-like giant cells (CD51+CD61+) are reactive.
Assuntos
Osteoclastos , Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Células Gigantes , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Citometria de FluxoRESUMO
Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio es describir y presentar el tratamiento para los granulomas gigantocelulares centrales con múltiples recidivas. Caso clínico: paciente femenina de 14 años que presenta granuloma gigantocelular central en maxilar inferior izquierdo, con múltiples recidivas luego del curetaje del mismo. Clínicamente se observa aumento de tamaño, desplazamiento dentario y, radiográficamente, una gran zona radiolúcida compatible con pérdida ósea. Se realizó la resección de la lesión en bloque con margen de seguridad, conservando la basal mandibular con colocación de placa de osteosíntesis de carga soportada. Conclusiones: el granuloma gigantocelular central es una lesión osteolítica, generalmente de crecimiento lento, asintomático y no agresivo. El tratamiento quirúrgico de resección con márgenes de seguridad es fundamental debido a su gran potencial de recidiva (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais , Argentina , Recidiva , Biópsia , Técnicas Histológicas , Unidade Hospitalar de Odontologia , Fixação Interna de FraturasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Denosumab is a nonsurgical treatment option for central giant cell granulomas (CGCG), especially in aggressive lesions. CASE REPORT: We describe a 9-year-old girl with an aggressive maxillary CGCG successfully treated with denosumab, avoiding a mutilating surgery after intralesional corticosteroid injections failed, and the lesion continued to rapidly grow. During denosumab treatment, she developed a self-limiting area of osteonecrosis in the maxillary alveolar bone, which rapidly resolved after antibiotic therapy. Six months after denosumab discontinuation, a maxillary surgical recontour was performed. Two weeks after surgery, the patient presented vomiting, pallor, dehydration, but no fever. Blood tests revealed severe hypercalcemia and acute renal dysfunction. After discarding thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal alterations, a diagnosis of severe rebound hypercalcemia after denosumab treatment was made. Treatment consisted of hyperhydration, calcium pamidronate, and methylprednisolone, restoring calcium levels to normal. CONCLUSION: After 2 years of follow-up, she remains on orthodontic treatment, with no recurrences or other episodes of hypercalcemia.
Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea , Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Hipercalcemia , Criança , Denosumab , Feminino , Humanos , RecidivaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is one of the most intriguing lesions of the jaws and its nature has not yet been fully elucidated. Clinically, some CGCG behave more aggressively, while others have an indolent course. In cases of aggressive CGCG of the maxilla, effective personalized therapies are worth understanding. CASE REPORT: We report here a challenging case of aggressive CGCG in a 15-year-old girl which was misdiagnosed as an endodontic lesion. Radiographically, a large osteolytic lesion involving the hard palate from the central incisor to the second premolar, extending into the nasal cavity, with loss of the lamina dura and cortical resorption was observed. The lesion expanded aggressively after extensive curettage. With possible mutilation and defects due to a more radical approach to the lesion, treatment with systemic prednisone and intralesional triamcinolone hexacetonide associated with a calcitonin nasal spray was instituted. The decision in favor of this therapeutic strategy was made after careful immunohistochemical analysis of calcitonin and glucocorticoid receptors. The H-score for the staining of glucocorticoid and calcitonin receptors in multinucleated giant cells was 222 and 153.6, respectively. The lesion reduced in size, and no adverse effects associated with medications were observed. Another curettage was performed, and only fibrous connective tissue was found. The patient is in follow-up for 11 years without evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Pharmacological agents hold clinical promise in cases of aggressive CGCG affecting the maxilla of pediatric patients. Investigating the expression of calcitonin and glucocorticoid receptors in order to plan treatment is very helpful in the decision to manage aggressive CGCG.
Assuntos
Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Doenças Mandibulares , Adolescente , Corticosteroides , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Maxila/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Resumen El granuloma piógeno oral es una lesión benigna multifactorial, caracterizada por presentarse como un agrandamiento gingival muy vascularizado. Se puede localizar en cualquier área de la cavidad oral, con más frecuencia en la encía marginal vestibular. Se presenta con mayor incidencia en mujeres adultas y en niños varones. No suele comprometer tejido óseo ni dientes y su tratamiento más seguro es la exéresis quirúrgica, siendo el riesgo de recurrencia alto. El objetivo del presente estudio es reportar el caso de una paciente de 9 años de edad, que fue sometida a la exéresis de un granuloma piogénico oral en el hueso maxilar y al año siguiente presentó una recurrencia de la lesión con pérdida ósea alveolar y movilidad de un diente adyacente. Se le realizó una biopsia y un curetaje minucioso, confirmándose el diagnostico de granuloma piogénico oral.
Resumo O granuloma piogênico oral é uma lesão multifatorial benigna, caracterizada por apresentarse como um aumento gengival altamente vascularizado. Pode estar localizado em qualquer área da cavidade oral, mais frequentemente na gengiva marginal vestibular. Ocorre com maior incidência em mulheres adultas e em crianças do sexo masculino. Geralmente não compromete o tecido ósseo ou os dentes e seu tratamento mais seguro é a escisão cirúrgica, sendo alto o risco de recorrência. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar o caso de uma paciente de 9 anos de idade, submetida a escisão de granuloma piogênico oral no maxilar e no ano seguinte apresentou uma recorrência da lesão com perda óssea alveolar e a mobilidade de umo de seus dentes adjacentes. Uma biópsia e uma curetagem completa foram realizadas, confirmando o diagnóstico de granuloma piogênico oral.
Abstract Oral pyogenic granuloma is a benign multifactorial lesion that appears as a highly vascular gingival enlargement. It can be located anywhere in the oral cavity, most often in the vestibular marginal gingiva. It occurs most frequently in adult women and male children. It does not usually compromise bone tissue or teeth; its safest treatment is surgical excision, with a high recurrence risk. This study aims to report the case of a 9-year-old female patient who underwent oral pyogenic granuloma excision in the maxilla. The following year, she presented a possible lesion recurrence with alveolar bone loss and the mobility of an adjacent tooth. A biopsy and thorough curettage were performed, confirming the diagnosis of oral pyogenic granuloma.
Assuntos
Granuloma de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico , Granuloma Piogênico/diagnóstico , Mobilidade Dentária/etiologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/etiologiaRESUMO
This paper aims to report a case in which central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) mimicked a periapical lesion of endodontic origin. An 18-year-old female patient was referred for diagnosis and treatment of extensive radiolucent periapical lesion involving 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 teeth. Clinically, the patient presented slight facial asymmetry and healthy teeth on the affected side with positive response to thermal vitality tests. Thus, an incisional biopsy was performed, which presented a histopathological picture characteristic of a CGCG. The endodontic treatment of the involved teeth was followed by surgical curettage of the lesion. After two years of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, with marked improvement in mandibular symmetry and adequate healing of the lesion. Therefore, the diagnosis of radiolucent periapical lesions must include lesions of endodontic and non-endodontic origin for better treatment planning and execution.
Assuntos
Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Adolescente , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/diagnóstico por imagem , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/cirurgia , HumanosRESUMO
Objetivo: Presentar la respuesta clínica a largo plazo del tratamiento de un granuloma periférico de células gigantes en un implante oseointegrado en el maxilar inferior. Caso clínico: Un paciente de 60 años, de sexo masculino, sin antecedentes sistémicos, concurrió por una lesión con márgenes definidos, de color rojizo morado y consistencia blanda sobre los tejidos blandos en la cara vestibular de un implante colocado en zona de 46. Se realizó la escisión quirúrgica de la lesión, se procesó el tejido extirpado y se envió al laboratorio. El estudio anatomopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de granuloma periférico de células gigantes. La lesión recidivó dos veces. En la tercera extirpación se realizó la implantoplastía de la superficie del implante. La cicatrización no presentó inconvenientes. Hasta el último control, a los 5 años, no volvió a haber recidiva. Conclusión: En este caso clínico, se logró mantener la salud periimplantaria durante 5 años luego de la eliminación de un granuloma periférico de células gigantes. No obstante, este tuvo que ser removido en tres oportunidades debido a la alta recidiva (AU)
Aim: To evaluate the long-term clinical response to the treatment of a peripheral giant cell granuloma in an osseointegrated implant in the lower jaw. Clinical case: A 60-year-old male patient, with no systemic medical problems, presented a soft tissue lesion located at the buccal aspect of an implant placed in the 46 area. The lesion had defined reddish-purple margins and soft consistency. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed, processed and sent to the laboratory. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of peripheral giant cell granuloma. The lesion recurred twice. During the third surgical removal an mplantoplasty of the implant surface was performed. The healing was uneventful and there was no recurrence until the last control at 5 years. Conclusion: In this clinical case, perimplantar gingival health was maintained for 5 years after the surgical removal of a giant cell peripheral granuloma. However, it had to be removed three times, demonstrating a high recurrence (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/cirurgia , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/etiologia , Implantes Dentários/efeitos adversos , Argentina , Recidiva , Faculdades de Odontologia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Biópsia , Seguimentos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos BucaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the molecular pathogenesis of implant-associated peripheral giant cell granuloma (IA-PGCG). METHODS: A convenience sample of 15 IA-PGCG cases was selected. Hotspot mutations of KRAS, FGFR1, and TRPV4 genes, previously reported in conventional giant cell lesions of the jaws, were investigated by Sanger sequencing. As these mutations could activate MAPK/ERK pathway, the expression of phospho-ERK1/2 was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: KRAS mutations were detected in 8/15 (53.4%) samples. Similar to conventional peripheral giant cell granuloma, the KRAS mutations most frequently occurred in codon 146 (p.A146V, n = 3), followed by codon 12 (p.G12A and p.G12D, n = 1 each) and codon 14 (p.V14L, n = 1). Variants of unknown significance (VUS) were also detected in two cases, affecting codons 37 (p.E37K) and 127 (p.T127I). All samples showed wild-type (WT) sequences for FGFR1 and TRPV4 genes. Consistent with MAPK/ERK pathway activation, all mononuclear cells of the lesion showed strong staining for phospho-ERK1/2 protein in the immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS: KRAS mutations and activation of the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway occur in IA-PGCG. This is the first study to demonstrate cancer-associated gene mutations in a non-neoplastic reactive condition associated with dental implants.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários/efeitos adversos , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/etiologia , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Mutação , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Next-generation sequencing has revealed mutations in several bone-related lesions and was recently used to uncover the genetic basis of giant cell lesions of the jaws (GCLJ). Consistent with their benign nature, GCLJ show a low tumor mutation burden. They also harbor somatic, heterozygous, mutually exclusive mutations in TRPV4, KRAS, or FGFR1. These signature mutations occur only in a subset of lesional cells, suggesting the existence of a 'landscaping effect', with mutant cells inducing abnormal accumulation of non-mutant cells that form the tumor mass. Osteoclast-rich lesions with histological similarities to GCLJ can occur in the jaws sporadically or in association with genetically inherited syndromes. Based on recent results, the pathogenesis of a subgroup of sporadic GCLJ seems closely related to non-ossifying fibroma of long bones, with both lesions sharing MAPK pathway-activating mutations. In this review, we extrapolate from these recent findings to contextualize GCLJ genetics and we highlight the therapeutic implications of this new information. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assuntos
Tumores de Células Gigantes/genética , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/genética , Tumores de Células Gigantes/patologia , Tumores de Células Gigantes/terapia , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/genética , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/patologia , Granuloma de Células Gigantes/terapia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/patologia , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/terapia , Mutação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Receptor Tipo 1 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/genética , Canais de Cátion TRPV/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is an uncommon pathology that affects gingival or alveolar mucosa. Although PGCG can be associated with dental implants, little is known about this lesion and implant osseointegration as well as its etiopathogenesis and the treatments available. This study sought to report a rare case of PGCG associated with dental implant, emphasizing its clinical and histopathological aspects. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old man had an exophytic, reddish lesion, around a crown attached to a dental implant located in the left mandible. Radiographically, there was bone loss around the implant. After excisional biopsy, histological examination revealed a submucosal proliferation of multinucleated giant cells rendering the diagnosis of peripheral giant cell granuloma. Patient has been under follow-up for 6 months with no recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Peri-implant lesions must be completely removed to prevent recurrence of PGCG and implant failure, even in cases suspected to be reactive. Besides, histological examination must be performed on all peri-implant reactions to achieve the appropriate diagnosis and, consequently, the best treatment and follow up.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários , Granuloma de Células Gigantes , Células Gigantes , Gengiva , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Abstract Introduction Reactive hyperplastic lesions develop in response to a chronic injury simulating an exuberant tissue repair response. They represent some of the most common oral lesions including inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, oral pyogenic granuloma, giant cell fibroma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell lesions. Objective The incidence of those lesions was investigated in an oral pathology service, and the clinical characteristics, associated etiological factors, concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnostic was determined. Methods A total of 2400 patient records were screened from 2006 to 2016. Clinical features were recorded from biopsy reports and patients' files. Results A total of 534 cases of reactive hyperplastic lesions were retrieved and retrospectively studied, representing 22.25% of all diagnoses. The most frequent lesion was inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (72.09%), followed by oral pyogenic granuloma (11.79%), giant cell fibroma (7.30%), peripheral ossifying fibroma (5.24%), and peripheral giant cell lesions (3.55%). Females were predominantly affected (74.19%), the gingiva and alveolar ridge were the predominant anatomical site (32.89%), and chronic traumatism was presented as the main etiological factor. The age widely ranges from the 1st decade of life to the 7th. Clinically, the reactive hyperplastic lesions consisted of small lesions (0.5-2 cm) and shared a strong likeness in color to the oral mucosa. The concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnostic was high (82.5%). Conclusion Reactive hyperplastic lesions had a high incidence among oral pathologies. The understanding of their clinical features helps to achieve a clearer clinical and etiological diagnosis, and the knowledge of factors related to their development. This may contribute to adequate treatment and positive prognosis.
Resumo Introdução As lesões hiperplásicas reativas se desenvolvem em resposta a uma lesão crônica que estimula uma resposta acentuada de reparo tecidual. Elas representam uma das lesões orais mais comuns, inclusive hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória, granuloma piogênico oral, fibroma de células gigantes, fibroma periférico ossificante e lesão periférica de células gigantes. Objetivo A incidência dessas lesões foi investigada em um serviço de patologia bucal e as características clínicas, os fatores etiológicos associados e a concordância entre os diagnósticos clínico e histopatológico foram determinados. Método Foram selecionados 2.400 registros de pacientes entre 2006 e 2016. As características clínicas foram registradas a partir de laudos de biópsia e dos prontuários dos pacientes. Resultados Um total de 534 casos de lesões hiperplásicas reativas foram recuperados e retrospectivamente estudados, representando 22,25% de todos os diagnósticos. A lesão mais frequente foi hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (72,09%), seguida por granuloma piogênico oral (11,79%), fibroma de células gigantes, (7,30%), fibroma periférico ossificante (5,24%) e lesão periférica de células gigantes (3,55%). O sexo feminino foi predominante (74,19%), a gengiva e a crista alveolar foram o local anatômico predominante (32,89%) e o traumatismo crônico foi demonstrado como o principal fator etiológico. A idade variou desde a 1ª década de vida até a 7ª. Clinicamente, as LHR consistiram em pequenas lesões (0,5 a 2 cm) que apresentaram uma forte semelhança de cor com a mucosa oral. A concordância entre o diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico foi alta (82,5%). Conclusão As lesões hiperplásicas reativas apresentaram alta incidência entre as patologias bucais. A compreensão das características clínicas ajuda na realização de um diagnóstico clínico e etiológico mais claro, bem como determinar os fatores relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento. Dessa forma contribui para um tratamento adequado e um prognóstico positivo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Hiperplasia/patologia , Boca/patologia , Doenças da Boca/patologia , Células Gigantes/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Granuloma Piogênico/congênito , Granuloma Piogênico/patologia , Fibroma Ossificante/etiologia , Fibroma Ossificante/patologia , Fibroma/etiologia , Fibroma/patologia , Hiperplasia/classificação , Hiperplasia/etiologia , Doenças da Boca/classificação , Doenças da Boca/diagnóstico , Doenças da Boca/etiologia , Mucosa Bucal/patologiaRESUMO
El granuloma piógeno es una lesión reactiva en respuesta a diferentes factores locales, su etiología es por traumatismo, caries dental, desequilibrio hormonal, higiene oral deficiente, etc. que produce una proliferación inflamatoria del tejido conectivo, localizada frecuentemente en cavidad oral (encías, lengua, paladar duro, labios y piso de boca) y piel. Clínicamente se presenta como una lesión hiperplásica vascularizada con base pediculada o sésil de tamaño variable y crecimiento lento. Histológicamente presenta proliferación de tejido endotelial a una red vascular con signos de inflamación crónica y tejido de granulación. El presente caso clínico tiene como objetivo identificar las características clínicas, imagenológicas e histopatológicas de Granuloma Piógeno con aspecto tumoral en la cavidad oral en un paciente adulto de la Clínica Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia en el año 2017. Las características clínicas e histopatológicas de granuloma permiten un diagnóstico concreto, dado que su diagnóstico diferencial es similar. Como opciones de tratamiento además de exéresis, tenemos el pulsed-dye laser, inyección intralesional de etanol o corticoides, escleroterapia con tetradecil sulfato de sodio y criocirugía. Las hiperplasias reactivas pueden presentar aspecto tumoral que se descarta con el estudio anatomopatológico. El abordaje y tratamiento requiere un diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico adecuado.
Pyogenic granuloma is a reactive lesion in response to different local factors, including traumatism, caries dental, hormonal imbalance or poor oral hygiene, which produces an inflammatory proliferation of connective tissue. Pyogenic granuloma is frequently located in oral cavity (gums, tongue, hard palate, lips, and floor of mouth) and skin. Clinically, it presents as a vascularized hyperplastic lesion with a slow-growing pedicled or sessile base of variable size and slow growth. Histologically, shows proliferation of endothelial tissue to a vascular network with signs of chronic inflammation and granulation tissue. This case report aims to identify the clinical, imaging and histopathological characteristics of Pyogenic Granuloma with tumor appearance in the oral cavity in an adult patient of the Clínica Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia in 2017. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of granuloma allow a specific diagnosis, given that their differential diagnoses are similar. The treatment options for pyogenic granuloma include excision, laser pulsed-dye, intralesional injection of ethanol or corticosteroids, sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and cryosurgery. Reactive hyperplasia may present a tumor appearance that is ruled out by anatomopathological study. Choosing the correct approach and treatment requires a proper clinical and histopathological diagnosis.
RESUMO
El granuloma gigantocelular representa un tumor no odontogénico que se localiza por dentro del endostio de los maxilares (central) o en el periostio (periférico). Corresponde al 3-5 % de todas las lesiones benignas de los maxilares. Es más frecuente en niños y adultos jóvenes. Se presenta como un tumor de crecimiento lento y asintomático. Preferentemente, se ubica en la mandíbula, en la región de los incisivos, caninos y premolares. Se informa sobre un paciente de 6 años de edad que, conjuntamente con la extracción del premolar temporario inferior, presentó un tejido granulomatoso de crecimiento lento en la región premolar izquierda. La toma de la biopsia fue demostrativa para granuloma gigantocelular. Se realizó el tratamiento quirúrgico, con buena evolución, sin evidencia de recidiva hasta la actualidad. Es importante el diagnóstico temprano de esta lesión por el alto poder destructivo local que presenta y la derivación oportuna para el tratamiento quirúrgico.
Giant cell granuloma represents a non-odontogenic tumor. It is located inside the endosteum of the jaws (central) or in the periosteum (peripheral). Although it is a benign disease process, it can also be locally destructive. This condition is a slow-growing, asymptomatic lesion that usually affects children and young adults, predominantly females in its peripheral presentation and males in its central presentation. The mandible, the region of the incisors, canines and premolars are more affected. The etiology of the giant cell granuloma still remains to be defined. It has been reported that the origin of this lesion could be triggered by trauma or inflammation and hormonal factors. A 6-year-old patient presents a slow-growing lesion in the tooth extraction's region, two months ago. The treatment is surgical. It is important to have an early diagnosis because of the high local destructive behavior and timely referral because the treatment is surgical.