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OBJECTIVE: To develop a collaborative, multidisciplinary care model for older adults that improves interdisciplinary teamwork and increases access to specialized services for frail patients, helping solve management problems in the Brazilian Unified Health System. In the state of Bahia, the health care network for older adults requires better interaction and integration with the Unified Health System and the Unified System of Social Assistance to improve patient flow in the network. METHODS: We used a co-creation and participatory action research approach based on reflection, data collection, interaction, and feedback with participants and stakeholders. Data was collected from health professionals, representatives of health agencies, and older adults through collective and individual interviews, reflective diaries, and direct communication. RESULTS: An action plan involving members of the older adult care network was developed to put the new model into practice. A pilot study with a multidisciplinary team allowed adjustments and implementation of the model at our institution. CONCLUSIONS: The new model improved both the internal management of the State Reference Center for Older Adult Health Care (Centro de Referência Estadual de Atenção à Saúde do Idoso - CREASI) and its interaction with primary care, optimizing patient flow and establishing rules for shared management between CREASI and primary care institutions. In view of this, restructuring the care model reorganized relations between the agencies, expanding CREASI's role in the management and systematization of older adult health.

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo assistencial colaborativo, multiprofissional e centrado na pessoa idosa para melhorar o trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar e o acesso de idosos frágeis ao serviço especializado, ajudando na resolução de problemas com o gerenciamento do idoso no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A rede de assistência à saúde do idoso na Bahia requer avanços na interação e na integração entre os órgãos do SUS e do Sistema Único de Assistência Social para melhorar o fluxo dos pacientes na rede. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação participativa e cocriação baseadas na reflexão, coleta de dados, interação e feedback com participantes e partes interessadas. A coleta dos dados foi realizada com os profissionais de saúde, representantes dos órgãos de saúde e idosos por meio entrevistas coletivas e individuais, diários reflexivos e registros de comunicação direta. RESULTADOS: Foi elaborado um plano de ação com participação dos membros da rede de assistência ao idoso para colocar em prática o novo modelo. Realizou-se um piloto com uma equipe multidisciplinar que possibilitou ajustes e a implementação do modelo na instituição. CONCLUSÕES: O novo modelo favoreceu tanto o gerenciamento interno do Centro de Referência Estadual de Atenção à Saúde do Idoso (CREASI) como a interação com a atenção básica, otimizando o fluxo de pacientes e estabelecendo regras de gerenciamento compartilhado entre CREASI e atenção básica. Diante disso, a reestruturação do modelo assistencial representou uma reorganização das relações entre os órgãos, ampliando o papel do CREASI no gerenciamento e na sistematização da saúde do idoso.

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Resumen Introducción: es evidente que en los últimos tiempos la pirámide poblacional ha tenido cambios significativos, siendo cada vez más estrecha su base. El aumento en el número de personas adultas mayores trae consigo nuevos retos a nivel del ámbito médico, tales como la adaptación y la adecuación de fórmulas y parámetros que permitan prestar una atención medica eficiente y efectiva. De este modo, la determinación de la tasa de filtración glomerular se vuelve un parámetro de vital importancia dada su relación con el aumento del riesgo cardiovascular y la morbilidad general en este grupo de pacientes. Objetivo: comparar las diferentes fórmulas para calcular la tasa de filtrado glomerular con el estándar diagnóstico de depuración de creatinina de 24 horas en pacientes mayores de 85 años de edad, sin enfermedad renal crónica conocida, a fin de establecer la mejor correlación entre las fórmulas MDRD, CKD-EPI y Cockcroft-Gault. Materiales y métodos: estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo y transversal realizado en 25 pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de Geriatría del Hospital Juárez de México entre Junio de 2017 y Junio de 2018. Al ingreso se midieron los niveles séricos de creatinina, se recolectó la orina de 24 horas y se realizaron los diferentes cálculos de tasa de filtrado con las fórmulas MDRD, CKD-EPI y Cockcroft-Gault. Resultados: la tasa de filtrado glomerular promedio medida por depuración de creatinina en 24 horas fue 48,35 mL/min/1,73 m2; según la fórmula de Cockcroft-Gault, 41,49 mL/min/1,73 m2; según MDRD, 64,98 mL/min/1,73 m2, y según CKD-EPI, 57,0 mL/min/1,73 m2, siendo significativamente menores estas dos últimas. De esta forma, se estableció que hay una correlación directa entre los distintos tipos de fórmulas; sin embargo, la que tiene mayor poder estadístico y reciprocidad es la Cockcroft-Gault, siendo estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: en pacientes mayores de 85 años de edad las estimaciones medidas por las diferentes tasas de filtrado glomerular no son intercambiables, pero la fórmula Cockcroft-Gault tiene gran ventaja al mostrar resultados estadísticamente significativos (p<0,05); sin embargo, es necesario realizar estudios más amplios en población geriátrica para tener una estimación más precisa.

Abstract Introduction: It is currently evident that the population pyramid has undergone significant changes in recent times. The increase in the number of older adults brings with it new challenges at the medical level, such as the adaptation and adaptation of formulas and parameters that allow efficient and effective medical care to be provided. Among them, the determination of the glomerular filtration rate becomes a parameter of vital importance given its relationship with increased cardiovascular risk and general morbidity in this group of patients. Objective: To compare, in patients over 85 years without known chronic kidney disease, different formulas for calculating the glomerular filtration rate with diagnostic standard 24-hour creatinine clearance, in order to establish the best correlation between MDRD, CKD-EPI and Cockcroft-Gault. Materials and methods: A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional observational study including 25 patients admitted to the Geriatrics service of the Juarez Hospital in Mexico, in the period from June 2017 to June 2018, serum creatinine levels were measured upon arrival, with 24-hour urine collection and performed filtering rate calculations with the CKDEPI, MDRD and Cockcroft Gault formulas. Results: the average glomerular filtration rate measured by creatinine clearance in 24 hours was 48.35 ml / min / 1.73 m2; according to the formula of Cockcroft and Gault was 41.49 ml / min / 1.73 m2, significantly lower than with MDRD and CKD-EPI 64.98 ml / min / 1.73 m2-57.0 / ml / min / 1.73 m2 respectively. There is a direct correlation between the different types of formulas; however, the one with the greatest statistical power and reciprocity is Cockcroft and Gault being statistically significant. Conclusions: In elderly patients, the formulas for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate are not interchangeable, showing an advantage for Cockcroft and Gault, being statistically significant (P <0.05), however, it is necessary to perform more extensive studies in geriatric population, to have a more accurate estimate.

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Objectives: To describe the association of frailty level on admittance to the Emergency Department (ED) with various hospital complications including delirium, low phase angle, and low handgrip strength. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: ED rooms of two public general hospitals in Mexico City. Participants: A total of 548 persons 60 years or older who were admitted to the ED and who were alive during follow-up testing at home were included. Measurements: A 32-item frailty index (FI) was measured on admission to the ED. Outcome measures included delirium, phase angle, and hand grip strength measured during different stages of the hospitalization (i.e., from admission to the ED through to follow-up at home). Results: From this final sample, mean age was 76 years (± SD 7.2) and 58.4% (n = 320) were women. Mean waiting time in the ED was 5.1 h (± SD 6.2), the average stay in the ED was 99.9 (±68.2) h, and 274 subjects (50%) were admitted to a general ward after ED admission. FI was not associated with phase angle and was negatively associated with handgrip strength at admission to ED (ß = -3.97, confidence interval [CI] 95% -5.56 -2.38, p < 0.001), discharge from ED (ß = -3.94, CI 95% -5.97 -1.90, p < 0.001), and discharge from hospital (ß = -4.93, CI 95% -7.68 -2.18, p = 0.01). FI was positively associated with delirium (ß = 3.68, CI 95% 1.53-5.83, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Higher frailty at ED admission was associated with lower hand grip strength and delirium during hospitalization in Mexican older adults.

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PURPOSE: To analyze potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP), its prevalence and patient conditions associated with this phenomenon, in a cohort of older adults receiving outpatient care in Mexico. METHODS: Data from 1252 adults ≥ 60 years of age, from primary care centers were analyzed. Information included sociodemographic data, medications, chronic diseases, polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications), functional dependence, cognitive impairment and frailty. Three logistic regression models were employed to identify associations between PIP (according to the Beers criteria) and different variable combinations. RESULTS: A total of 41.8% of participants had at least one PIP. The most frequently identified PIPs involved nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glibenclamide; clonazepam in patients with cognitive impairment; and interactions of warfarin with NSAIDs. In the multivariate analyses, Model 1 showed that frailty and polypharmacy were associated with PIP. In Model 2, only polypharmacy was associated with PIP. For Model 3, lower educational levels, taking hypoglycemics, nervous system disease drugs, antiasthmatics, gastrointestinal disease drugs and anti-inflammatories-antirheumatics and analgesics, were associated with PIP. CONCLUSION: PIP is common in outpatient treatment of health care services in Mexico. Its association with medical and nonmedical factors highlights the need to improve drug treatment quality focused on implementation of effective strategies, such as educative interventions, electronic medication safety alerts, and inclusion of pharmacists in the health team.

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BACKGROUND: The role of sarcopenia and dynapenia in disability in older persons from falls and bone health clinics remain unknown. AIM: This study aims to compare the association of sarcopenia and dynapenia with physical and instrumental disability in a population of older persons attending a falls and fractures clinic. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in Manizales, Andes Mountains, Colombia. A cohort of 534 subjects (mean age = 74, 75% female) Sarcopenia was measured according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) including an index of skeletal mass, muscle strength, and gait speed. Dynapenia was defined as a handgrip force ≤ 30 kg for men and ≤ 20 kg for women. RESULTS: Dynapenia and sarcopenia were present in 84.6% and 71.2% respectively. Both were more prevalent in older subjects and women than men. While sarcopenia was associated with body mass index and hypertension, dynapenia was associated with hypothyroidism and visual impairment. After controlling for all covariates, sarcopenia was associated with low IADL and mobility disability. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia was associated with mobility, ADL and IADL disability. Dynapenia was not associated with disability in this high - risk population. Systematic assessment of sarcopenia should be implemented in falls and fractures clinics to identify sarcopenia and develop interventions to prevent functional decline among elderly individuals.

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Falls and fractures are major causes of morbidity and mortality in older people. More importantly, previous falls and/or fractures are the most important predictors of further events. Therefore, secondary prevention programs for falls and fractures are highly needed. However, the question is whether a secondary prevention model should focus on falls prevention alone or should be implemented in combination with fracture prevention. By comparing a falls prevention clinic in Manizales (Colombia) versus a falls and fracture prevention clinic in Sydney (Australia), the objective was to identify similarities and differences between these two programs and to propose an integrated model of care for secondary prevention of fall and fractures. A comparative study of services was performed using an internationally agreed taxonomy. Service provision was compared against benchmarks set by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and previous reports in the literature. Comparison included organization, administration, client characteristics, and interventions. Several similarities and a number of differences that could be easily unified into a single model are reported here. Similarities included population, a multidisciplinary team, and a multifactorial assessment and intervention. Differences were eligibility criteria, a bone health assessment component, and the therapeutic interventions most commonly used at each site. In Australia, bone health assessment is reinforced whereas in Colombia dizziness assessment and management is pivotal. The authors propose that falls clinic services should be operationally linked to osteoporosis services such as a "falls and fracture prevention clinic," which would facilitate a comprehensive intervention to prevent falls and fractures in older persons.

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