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Introducción: Los defectos congénitos del tracto urogenital se encuentran entre las anomalías más encontradas en el feto o neonato, lo que da una idea de su extraordinaria importancia clínica, unido a las escasas investigaciones en la provincia Camagüey, sobre factores de riesgo asociados a los defectos congénitos de genitales externos y gónadas masculinas. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a defectos congénitos de genitales externos y gónadas masculinas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio correlacional del tipo retrospectivo en el Hospital Pediátrico Eduardo Agramonte Piña en el periodo de enero de 2013 a diciembre de 2020. El universo se conformó por los 96 pacientes que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente por presentar defectos congénitos de los genitales externos y gónadas masculinas. Para determinar la asociación de los factores de riesgo con la aparición de defectos congénitos se empleó la prueba de independencia, en caso de p<0,05 se consideró asociación significativa. Para medir la magnitud de la asociación estadística entre las variables se utilizó el coeficiente Phi, se consideró mientras más fuerte a uno fuera su valor, más correlacionadas se encontraron las variables estudiadas. Resultados: La criptorquidia fue la forma clínica con mayor número de pacientes, seguida de la hipospadias y la hidrocele. La asociación entre los padres trabajadores agrícolas y la hipospadias y la criptorquidia con padres trabajadores industriales, resultaron significativas. El hecho que la madre fuera fumadora pasiva, constituyó una variable con asociación significativa, tanto para la aparición de hipospadias como de criptorquidia. El ser fumadora pasiva fue el factor de riesgo que tuvo mayor correlación con la aparición de los defectos congénitos. Conclusiones: Existieron factores de riesgo con asociación significativa a la aparición de defectos congénitos de genitales externos y gónadas masculinas.
Introduction: Congenital defects of the urogenital tract are among the anomalies most found in the fetus or neonate, which gives an idea of their extraordinary clinical importance, together with the few investigations in the Camagüey province, on risk factors associated with congenital defects of external genitalia and male gonads. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with congenital defects of the external genitalia and male gonads. Methods: A retrospective correlational study was carried out at the Eduardo Agramonte Piña Pediatric Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020. The universe was made up of the 96 patients who underwent surgery for presenting congenital defects of the external genitalia and male gonads. To determine the association of the risk factors with the appearance of congenital defects, the independence test was used; in case of p<0.05, a significant association was considered. To measure the magnitude of the statistical association between the variables, the Phi coefficient was used, it was considered that the stronger its value was, the more correlated the studied variables were found. Results: Cryptorchidism was the clinical form with the highest number of patients, followed by hypospadias and hydrocele. The association between farm worker parents and hypospadias and cryptorchidism with industrial worker parents was significant. The fact that the mother was a passive smoker was a variable with a significant association, both for the appearance of hypospadias and cryptorchidism. Being a passive smoker was the risk factor that had the highest correlation with the appearance of birth defects. Conclusions: There were risk factors with a significant association with the appearance of congenital defects of the external genitalia and male gonads.
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BACKGROUND: Concerns about genital self-image (GSI) can influence sexual function and quality of life, and instruments that assess male GSI, such as the Male Genital Self-Image Scale (MGSIS), need to be adapted and validated in different cultures. AIMS: To culturally adapt and validate the measurement properties of MGSIS in Brazilian men, according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guideline, and to create a cutoff point for satisfaction with male GSI. METHODS: We assessed the validity of content through a committee of experts and cognitive interviews. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach's α and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). We also calculate measurement errors using the Bland and Altman graph. The structural validity was investigated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The hypothesis test for construct validity was assessed using Spearman correlation from MGSIS with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). To create a cutoff point for satisfaction with the GSI, the item response theory and the classic test theory were used. OUTCOMES: Male's (i) GSI, (ii) sexual function, (iii) body appreciation, and (iv) self-esteem were assessed. RESULTS: In this study, 518 men with a mean age of 33.90 (±13.83) years participated. The Brazilian version of MGSIS demonstrated good content validity and a single factor that explained 64.57% of the variance. Cronbach's α and ICC values were 0.905 and 0.806, respectively. By assessing measurement errors, we found no systematic bias in the sample. MGSIS showed a moderate to weak correlation with IIEF, BAS-2 and RSES. A cut-off point of 23 in the MGSIS total score was found to rate satisfaction with the GSI. CLINICAL TRANSLATION: MGSIS is a valid and reliable measurement instrument for measuring male GSI in Brazil. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This study evaluated the measurement properties of MGSIS according to COSMIN, which is a powerful and useful guideline for measurement properties. However, due to the lack of a gold standard for measuring the GSI, we have not assessed the criterion validity. CONCLUSION: MGSIS is valid, reliable and can be useful to assess the GSI and classify the satisfaction with the GSI of Brazilian men. de Arruda GT, da Silva EV, Braz MM. Male Genital Self-Image Scale (MGSIS): Cutoff Point, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Measurement Properties in Brazilian Men. J Sex Med 2021;18:1759-1767.
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Genitália Masculina , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Brasil , Comparação Transcultural , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract: We present a case of a penile lesion with a clinical appearance similar to Mondor penile disease (thrombosis of the dorsal vein of the penis) or penile sclerosing lymphangitis. Laboratory evaluation, however, showed a solid lesion, with no vascular component to Doppler ultrasonography and no treponema to immunohistochemistry. Histological and serological tests were compatible with secondary syphilis. The authors reinforce the need for the inclusion of syphilis in the differential diagnosis of penile cord injuries.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Doenças do Pênis/diagnóstico , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Doenças do Pênis/patologia , Sífilis/patologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Diagnóstico DiferencialRESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of BC dressing when used in surgical male wound healing at the urogenital area. Methods: Open, non-controlled clinical study of phase II. A total of 141 patients, among those children, adolescents and adults with hypospadias (112), epispadias (04), phymosis (13) and Peyronie's disease (12) that had a BC dressing applied over the operated area after surgery. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Study exclusion criteria were patients with other alternative treatment indications due to the severity, extent of the injury or the underlying disease. The outcomes evaluated were efficacy, safe and complete healing. The costs were discussed. Results: In 68% patients, the BC dressing fell off spontaneously. The BC was removed without complications in 13% of patients at the outpatient clinic during the follow-up visit and 17% not reported the time of removal. In 3% of the cases, the dressing fell off early. Complete healing was observed between 8th and 10th days after surgery. The BC dressings have shown a good tolerance by all the patients and there were no reports of serious adverse events. Conclusion: The bacterial cellulose dressings have shown efficacy, safety and that can be considered as a satisfactory alternative for postoperative wound healing in urogenital area and with low cost.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Doenças do Pênis/cirurgia , Pênis/cirurgia , Poliuretanos/uso terapêutico , Bandagens , Anormalidades Urogenitais/cirurgia , Cicatrização , Induração Peniana/cirurgia , Fimose/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , Epispadia/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Técnicas de Fechamento de Ferimentos , Hipospadia/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of BC dressing when used in surgical male wound healing at the urogenital area. METHODS: Open, non-controlled clinical study of phase II. A total of 141 patients, among those children, adolescents and adults with hypospadias (112), epispadias (04), phymosis (13) and Peyronie's disease (12) that had a BC dressing applied over the operated area after surgery. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Study exclusion criteria were patients with other alternative treatment indications due to the severity, extent of the injury or the underlying disease. The outcomes evaluated were efficacy, safe and complete healing. The costs were discussed. RESULTS: In 68% patients, the BC dressing fell off spontaneously. The BC was removed without complications in 13% of patients at the outpatient clinic during the follow-up visit and 17% not reported the time of removal. In 3% of the cases, the dressing fell off early. Complete healing was observed between 8th and 10th days after surgery. The BC dressings have shown a good tolerance by all the patients and there were no reports of serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: The bacterial cellulose dressings have shown efficacy, safety and that can be considered as a satisfactory alternative for postoperative wound healing in urogenital area and with low cost.
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Bandagens , Doenças do Pênis/cirurgia , Pênis/cirurgia , Poliuretanos/uso terapêutico , Anormalidades Urogenitais/cirurgia , Cicatrização , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Epispadia/cirurgia , Humanos , Hipospadia/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Induração Peniana/cirurgia , Fimose/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , Resultado do Tratamento , Técnicas de Fechamento de FerimentosRESUMO
A 70-year-old male presenting a 3-month history of genital painless erythematous nodules in the balanopreputial sulcus was referred to our service. Histopathological exam presented a chronic dermatitis with epithelioid granulomas and Grocott staining revealed numerous fungal structures with a suggestive morphology of Histoplasma sp. Cultures evidenced Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. Treatment with oral itraconazole led to complete remission of lesions.
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Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Dermatomicoses/patologia , Histoplasmose/patologia , Imunocompetência , Doenças do Pênis/patologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatomicoses/imunologia , Histoplasma , Histoplasmose/tratamento farmacológico , Histoplasmose/imunologia , Imunocompetência/imunologia , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Pênis/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Pênis/imunologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
We reported a case of a twenty-nine-year-old male who presented a penile fracture associated with urethral injury caused by a sexual intercourse. An ideal anamnesis and a special physical examination were determinant to correct diagnostics. Ultrasonography and uretrocistography must be performed for confirmation. The treatment is based on the presence of associated urethral injury. The surgical repair of cavernous body and urethra can produce good results, with a favorable prognosis and minimal rate of complications.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pênis/lesões , Uretra/lesões , Traumatismo Múltiplo/cirurgia , Traumatismo Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Pênis/cirurgia , Ruptura , Uretra/cirurgiaRESUMO
Este artigo registra a experiência de duas décadas de cirurgias realizadas na região do púbis e da genitália externa em pacientes de ambos os sexos. A literatura apresenta limitadas contribuições sobre as alterações morfológicas que têm levado seus portadores a se submeterem a cirurgias para retornarem à normalidade anatômica, ao equilíbrio emocional e a recuperarem a autoestima. Método: Foram operados 513 pacientes com diferentes tipos de patologias nos genitais externos e no púbis, num período de vinte anos, sendo 469 (91,42%) do sexo feminino e 44(8,58%) do sexo masculino. A idade variou de 17 a 70 anos. No sexo feminino, as deformidades mais frequentes foram as distrofias do púbis, grandes e pequenos lábios, prepúcio sobre o clitóris, além das distorções secundárias decorrentes de cirurgias realizadas previamente nestas regiões. No sexo masculino, as afecções mais frequentes envolveram a região pubiana, hipotrofias penianas, sinéquias e ausência de testículos. Deformidades congênitas, além das descritas, não foram incluídas no presente artigo. Resultados: Durante o período de 1989 a 2010, os procedimentos aplicados nas disformias pubianas e nas genitálias beneficiaram pacientes física e psicologicamente, pela qualidade dos resultados e pelo baixo índice de complicações (2,31%). Conclusões: Apesar da limitada divulgação científica nas revistas da especialidade e nos eventos científicos, a importância destas patologias não tem limite nos seus portadores. Uma das razões da presente publicação baseia-se na experiência adquirida e a necessária divulgação aos especialistas que realizam estas cirurgias, face às consequências que determinam quando não executadas dentro da necessária realidade.
This article is the result of two decades of surgical experience in the pubic region for patients of both genders with the external genitalia dimorphic aspects. The literature presents limited contributions regarding the morphologic alterations of these regions, responsible for the patients be submitted to these surgeries to return to their normal anatomic aspects, to the emotional equilibrium and to the self-esteem. Methods: Patients of both genders, in a total of 513, with different types of pathologies of the external genitalia and the pubic regions were submitted to specific surgeries, where 469 (91.42%) were female and 44 (8.58%) were male. The age range was from 17 to 70 year old. In the female patients were included: dystrophies of the pubis, labia majora and minora, skin excess of the clitoris, and the treatment of other types of unacceptable results after previous surgical procedures. The male deformities included in this study were: penis hypotrophy, skin penis synechia, local angioma and the absence of congenital testicular glands. Congenital or acquired deformities out of the described were not included. Results: From 1989 to 2010, the procedures used in the genitalia and in the pubis dimorphisms brought psychological and physic benefic to the patients combined with low complication rate (2.31%). Conclusions: Despite of the limited scientific publications in the journals of the specialty and in the scientific meetings, the importance of these messages has no limits to their holders. One of reasons of this publicationis based in acquired experience and the necessary diffusion for those that perform these surgeries but still with negative results when not performed within the necessary level.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos em Ginecologia , Genitália Feminina/cirurgia , Genitália Masculina/cirurgia , Osso Púbico/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Hipertrofia , Métodos , Pacientes , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The effect of the ethanolic extract of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart.ex. Reiss leaves on spermatogenesis was studied in Swiss mice by evaluating morphological characteristics by light and electron microscopy. The extract was administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 20 days, and at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day orally for 30 days. Structural analysis of the germ epithelium showed that treated animals were not noticeably different from control animals. The alterations included some exfoliated immature germ cells, occasional germ cell death (recognized as pyknotic nuclei) and a few vacuolized seminiferous tubules. Ultrastructurally, enlarged lipid droplets were found in Sertoli cells and swollen acrosomes occurred in early spermatids of animals treated with the higher dose. Sperm production indicated that the ethanolic extract of M. ilicifolia leaves did not contain substances sufficient to arrest spermatogenesis.
PIP: Several plant extracts used to regulate female fertility have proved effective for the male reproductive system as well. Maytenus ilicifolia Mart.ex. Reiss, a plant native to parts of South America, has been used as a contraceptive, abortifacient, and emmenagogue by women in Paraguay and Argentina. The present study evaluated the effect of the ethanolic extract of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart.ex. Reiss leaves on spermatogenesis in Swiss mice. The extract was administered at doses of 200 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 20 days and 800 mg/kg/day orally for 30 days. Light microscopy revealed apparently normal spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules of treated animals. Although the spermatogenic process was not altered, ultrastructural alterations were observed, including some exfoliated immature germ cells, occasional germ cell death, and a few vacuolized seminiferous tubules. Enlarged lipid droplets were found in Sertoli cells and swollen acrosomes occurred in early spermatids of mice treated with the higher dose. However, sperm production indicated that the ethanolic extract did not contain substances sufficient to arrest spermatogenesis. Thus, the indigenous use of Maytenus ilicifolia as a medicinal plant probably does not cause a disturbance of spermatogenesis as a side effect.
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Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais , Espermatogênese , Acrossomo/ultraestrutura , Animais , Anticoncepcionais Masculinos , Lipídeos/análise , Masculino , Camundongos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Túbulos Seminíferos/ultraestrutura , Células de Sertoli/ultraestrutura , América do Sul , Espermátides/ultraestrutura , Testículo/ultraestruturaRESUMO
PIP: Commissioned by the Brazilian health ministry to conduct a publicity campaign designed to encourage the use of condoms, the Master Communication and Marketing company conducted a survey in which it collected dozens of nicknames for the penis. The television component of the campaign involves an actor who holds a heart-to-heart conversation with his penis, recommending that it use condoms and showing it, with a candle, how to do so. "Braulio" was chosen as the name for the penis. Braulio, however, is a common men's name in Brazil. Shortly after the launch of the campaign, men named Braulio staged numerous protests against the use of their name. The Health Minister subsequently suspended the campaign on September 23, 1995, to allow selection of an alternate name for the penis. The campaign has resumed, this time using eight impersonal expressions such as "partner" and "him" to identify the penis, and is planned to run for three months despite the controversy. A journalist formerly named Braulio has officially changed his name to avoid being mocked, a lawyer in Sao Paulo named Braulio will continue to head a suit against the government filed by a group of Braulios alleging moral damage, and the Catholic Church criticizes the bluntness of the campaign, which mentions oral and anal sex on the radio. Nonetheless, a health ministry poll of almost 1000 people found that 80% supported the campaign. The coordinator of the Program of Sexually Transmitted Diseases insists that the blunt language is necessary to reach the lower-income, less-educated masculine population. Official figures indicate that 80% of the slightly more than 71,000 registered AIDS cases in Brazil are among men aged 19-35 years, and it is among men aged 20-40 years that HIV is spreading most rapidly. The health ministry has been bombarded with alternate nicknames for the penis since the initial uproar, enough to fill a book. The article points out that the nicknames vary according to region.^ieng
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Preservativos , Genitália Masculina , Infecções por HIV , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Rádio , Pesquisa , Comportamento Sexual , Televisão , América , Comportamento , Biologia , Brasil , Comunicação , Anticoncepção , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Genitália , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Fisiologia , América do Sul , Sistema Urogenital , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: The video No rubber, no way] provides facts on HIV/AIDS and prevention, and talks about problems faced by youths living on the street. It was produced by the Popular Image Creation Center (CECIP) in cooperation with the National Movement of Street Children and the Sao Martinho Foundation. The video is fast-paced and humorous with a young actor posing as a "streetkid reporter" who interviews adults on how they would help street youths as well as street youths themselves. Safer drug injection practices, safety precautions needed in donating blood, how to request HIV tests, and the dilemma of condoms being too large for some young boys are discussed. Animated sequences are used to convey technical data, while moves in a soccer match are compared to sexual intercourse. The video has been used by agencies working with street children, private and public schools, and adults. It is also shown during daily programs in public squares organized by CECIP's community television project in peripheral areas of Rio de Janeiro. CECIP is working on a booklet to accompany the video which will be available in bookstores and newsstands.^ieng
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Adolescente , Preservativos , Genitália Masculina , Infecções por HIV , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Pesquisa , Gravação de Videoteipe , Senso de Humor e Humor como Assunto , Fatores Etários , América , Comportamento , Biologia , Brasil , Comunicação , Anticoncepção , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Diagnóstico , Doença , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Genitália , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Fisiologia , População , Características da População , América do Sul , Gravação em Fita , Sistema Urogenital , VirosesRESUMO
Before and 2.6 months after vasectomy the alterations of secretory capacity and physiologic damage of the accessory genital glands, were evaluated by means of chemical analyses of certain constituents of seminal plasma such as free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and phospholipids. The results of these studies showed that the ratio between the concentration of free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol is constant six months after vasectomy and the concentration of phospholipids decreases two months after vasectomy. These results are significant and may be important to know the alterations of secretory capacity of the human genital glands after vasectomy.
PIP: 38 men who had undergone vasectomy for fertility regulation had 3 semen samples taken before and 2 and 6 months after the operation in order to determine the concentration of cholesterol and phospholipids in the seminal plasma for the evaluation of any possible changes in the physiology of genital glands. Prior to vasectomy there were 130 +or- 50 million of spermatozoa/ml of ejaculate with a 75% +or- 11% motility in a sample of 35 men. There was no statistically significant change in cholesterol content before and 2 and 6 months after vasectomy, nor was there a significant difference between free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol. This indicated good correspondence in the content of glandular secretions of the male genital tract, mainly the prostate and the seminal vesicles. On the other hand, the concentration of phospholipids diminished 2 and 6 months after vasectomy from 230 +or- 90 mcg moles/in 21 patients to 100 +or- and 100 +or- 20 mcg moles/1 in 15 patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average volume of seminal plasma 2 and 6 months after vasectomy. The decrease of the phospholipid content could be attributed to the inhibition of the biosynthesis of phospholipids owing to the hypertrophy of the epididymis or the absence of phospholipid secretion originating from the testicular fluid. Not all alterations in genital glands are apparent immediately, therefore time is an important parameter in the evaluation of the response of the organism to vasectomy.
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Colesterol/análise , Fosfolipídeos/análise , Sêmen/química , Vasectomia , Ésteres do Colesterol/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The contractile activity of the cauda epididymidis and vas deferens was registered in the rat under a video camera at intervals up to 180 days after vasectomy. A rhythmic peristaltic activity was detected as early as 24 hours after operation, specially in the distal cauda epididymidis. The contractions increased progressively during the first 30 days after vasectomies. Thereafter, the activity remained stabilized as far as 180 days following the surgery. The contractions were more frequent in the genital tracts without granulomas than in those with this complication. When the ductus exhibited an excessive distention their muscle walls did not show any contractility, which was not recovered even when a partial incision was made in the vas deferens to diminish the tube dilatation. Since a normal pattern of sperm transport would be necessary to achieve sperm maturation, it could be speculated that persistence of infertility after vasovasostomies in human could be related with a loss of an adequate ductal activity.
PIP: By means of a video recording system, the contractile muscle activity in the cauda peididymidis and vas deferens of male Wistar rats after vasectomy was studied over time. A rhythmic peristaltic activity was detected in the genital tracts of vasectomized rats as early as 24 hours after the procedure, with a mean frequency of 9.5 contractions/10 minutes. This activity increased progressively in the 1st 30 days after vasectomy and then stabilized as long as 180 days. By 30 days after surgery, all genital tracts exhibited sperm extravasation. The proximal ligated end of the vas deferens was the most common site for granuloma. The contractions were more frequent in genital tracts without granulomas than in those with this complication. When the ductus exhibited excessive distention, there was no contractility in the muscle walls, even when a partial incision was made in the vas deferens to reduce tubal dilatation. This suggests that extreme distention can damage the contractibility of the muscle fibers. Since the advance and return of sperm inside the tubes could facilitate the interaction of sperm with secretions participating in its maturation, the persistent infertility after vasectomy could be related to the contractile alteration that follows the excessive tubal distention. The partial reduction of the high intravasal pressure occurring during sperm extravasation relieves extreme distention of the ductal muscle, suggesting that granuloma formation may prevent damage to the contractile components and reduce the effectiveness of vasectomy.
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Epididimo/fisiopatologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/etiologia , Músculo Liso/fisiopatologia , Ducto Deferente/fisiopatologia , Vasectomia/efeitos adversos , Animais , Dilatação Patológica , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/fisiopatologia , Granuloma/etiologia , Granuloma/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Contração Muscular , Período Pós-Operatório , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
PIP: By examination of incidence, mortality, and relative frequency data, an estimate has been made of the number of cancer cases in 12 common sites and of all cancers that occurred in 1975 and in the 24 areas of the world for which the UN publishes population data. While several cancers are of importance in localized areas or regions; e.g., cancer of the larynx, these are infrequent on the world level and are not included here. While the relative importance of the selected sites varies from 1 area to another, on a global basis, the 1st 6 ranking cancer sites in males are lings, stomach, colon/rectum, mouth/pharynx, prostate, and esophagus; in females, they are breast, cervix uteri, stomach, colon/rectum, lung, and mouth/pharynx. Cancers of these sites, together with leukemias and cancers of the liver, bladder, and lymphatic tissues, account for 75% of the estimated 5.9 million cancers that occurred in 1975. When the 2 sexes are combined, stomach cancers are in 1st rank, followed closely by lung; it is suggested that, given current trends, their rank order will soon be reversed. There are clear opportunities for cancer prevention by controlling tobacco smoking, reducing infection by hepatitis B virus, and curbing the excessive intake of alcohol. The increasing adoption of high fat diets may lead to more cancers of the large bowel, breast, and prostate.^ieng
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Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , África , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Ásia , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , América do SulRESUMO
Measurement of concentrations of fructose, proteins, oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases in seminal plasma were performed in a group of 20 normal males, 30 to 40 years old, subjected to vasectomy. There were no statistically significant differences among the values obtained before and 6 months after the vasectomy. In consecuence it is concluded that bilateral occlusion of the vas deferens do not modify the androgenic function of the testis, and that certain enzymes like glutamic oxalacetic and pyruvic transminases are not incorporated to the semen by the testis but rather by the prostate and/or by the seminal vesicles.
PIP: Fructose, proteins, and glutamic oxalacetic and pyruvic transaminases (GOT and GPT) were measured in the saminal plasma in a group of 20 normal males, 30-40 years old, subjected to vasectomy. The differences between the values obtained before and 6 months after the vasectomy were statistically insignificant. Therefore, it is concluded that the androgenic function of the testis is unaffected by the bilatera l occlusion of the vas deferens, and that certain enzymes, such as GOT a nd GPT, are incorporated in the semen by the prostate and/or by the seminal vesicles, rather than by the testis. The study reports for the 1st time the average concentrations of GPT in the seminal plasma of normal subjects.