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Professional painters represent an occupational population group that deserves attention for study in the field of occupational toxicology due to the wide range of complex chemical mixtures they are exposed to. It is imperative to underscore that the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified commercial painting as a high-risk occupation for the development of cancer. Given this context, the primary objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review aimed at addressing the following question: are car painters at occupational risk regarding potential genotoxicity? To address this question, a selection process was undertaken, with three reviewers carefully selecting, reading, and analyzing full manuscripts from 26 studies included in this review. The technical rigor of these studies underwent meticulous scrutiny, culminating in the classification of six studies as Strong, eight as Moderate, and 12 as Weak, predicated on the extent of confounders considered. Taken together, the findings suggest that chemical substances from paints may indeed pose a risk of genotoxicity for professionals in this field, as all studies indicated genotoxicity among professional painters through various tests.
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Mining is a major economic activity in many developing countries. However, it disturbs the environment, producing enormous quantities of waste, known as mine tailings, which can have deleterious environmental impact, due to their high heavy metals (HM) content. Often, foundation species that establish on mine tailings are good candidates to study the effects of HM bioaccumulation at different levels of biological organization. Prosopis laevigata is considered a HM hyperaccumulator which presents attributes of a foundation species (FS) and establishes naturally on mine tailings. We evaluated the bioaccumulation of Cu, Pb, and Zn in P. laevigata foliar tissue, the leaf micro- and macro-morphological characters, DNA damage, and population genetic effects. In total, 80 P. laevigata individuals (20/site) belonging to four populations: The individuals from both sites (exposed and reference) bioaccumulated HMs (Pb > Cu > Zn). However, in the exposed individuals, Pb and Cu bioaccumulation was significantly higher. Also, a significant effect of macro- and micro-morphological characters was registered, showing significantly lower values in individuals from the exposed sites. In addition, we found significant differences in genotoxic damage in P. laevigata individuals, between the exposed and reference sites. In contrast, for the micro-morphological characters, none of the analyzed metals had any influence. P. laevigata did not show significant differences in the genetic structure and diversity between exposed and reference populations. However, four haplotypes and four private alleles were found in the exposed populations. Since P. laevigata is a species that establishes naturally in polluted sites and bioaccumulates HM in its foliar tissues, the resulting genetic, individual and population effects have not been severe enough to show detrimental effects; hence, P. laevigata can be a useful tool in phytoremediation strategies for soils polluted with Pb and Cu, maintaining its important ecological functions.
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Bioacumulação , Metais Pesados , Prosopis , Poluentes do Solo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Prosopis/metabolismo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Mineração , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodosRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the scientific literature on the micronucleus assay in nasal mucosa as an appropriate method for evaluating genotoxicity caused by chemical agents. According to the PRISMA guidelines, only in vivo human studies with micronucleus assays using nasal cells were considered. Reviews, case reports, editorials, letters to the editor, and articles not written in English were excluded. The following scientific databases/search engines were used: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: This review included 13 studies. Four articles detected no statistical significance regarding the frequency of micronuclei while nine articles showed an increase in micronuclei in nasal cells. In the qualitative analysis, two articles were considered strong, eight were moderate and three were weak. The micronucleus assay using nasal mucosa cells is a sensitive and effective technique for assessing DNA damage and an appropriate method for monitoring humans continuously exposed to chemicals.
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Mutagênicos , Mucosa Nasal , Humanos , Testes para Micronúcleos/métodos , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Dano ao DNARESUMO
The contexts where there are mining and agriculture activities are potential sources of risk to human health due to contamination by chemical mixtures. These contexts are frequent in several Colombian regions. This study explored the potential association between the frequency of micronuclei and pesticides and elements in regions with ferronickel (Montelibano, Córdoba) and gold (Nechí, Antioquia) mining, and a closed native mercury mine (Aranzazu, Caldas), with an emphasis in the potential effect of selenium as a potential chelator. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 247 individuals. Sociodemographic, occupational, and toxicological variables were ascertained. Blood and urine samples were taken for pesticide analysis (5 organophosphates, 4 organochlorines, and 3 carbamates), 68 elements were quantified in hair, and micronuclei were quantified in lymphocytes. The mixtures of elements were grouped through principal component analysis. Prevalence ratios were estimated with robust variance Poisson regressions to explore associations. Interactions of selenium with toxic elements were explored. The highest concentrations of elements were in the active mines. The potentially most toxic chemical mixture was observed in the ferronickel mine. Pesticides were detected in a low proportion of participants (<2.5%), except paraoxon-methyl in blood (27.55%) in Montelibano and paraoxon-ethyl in blood (18.81%) in Aranzazu. The frequency of micronuclei was similar in the three mining contexts, with means between 4 to 7 (p = 0.1298). There was great heterogeneity in the exposure to pesticides and elements. The "hormetic effect" of selenium was described, in which, at low doses, it acts as a chelator in Montelibano and Aranzazu, and at high doses, it can enhance the toxic effects of other elements, maybe as in Nechí. Selenium can serve as a protective agent, but it requires adaptation to the available concentrations in each region to avoid its toxic effects.
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There is considerable controversy regarding the genotoxicity of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine). It has been suggested that the genotoxicity of this herbicide is increased by the adjuvants added to commercial formulations based on glyphosate. The effect of various concentrations of glyphosate and three commercial glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) on human lymphocytes was evaluated. Human blood cells were exposed to glyphosates of 0.1, 1, 10 and 50 mM as well as to equivalent concentrations of glyphosate on commercial formulations. Genetic damage (p < 0.05) was observed in all concentrations with glyphosate and with FAENA and TACKLE formulations. These two commercial formulations showed genotoxicity that was concentration-dependent but in a higher proportion compared to pure glyphosate only. Higher glyphosate concentrations increased the frequency and range of tail lengths of some migration groups, and the same was observed for FAENA and TACKLE, while in CENTELLA the migration range decreased but the frequency of migration groups increased. We show that pure glyphosate and commercial GBH (FAENA, TACKLE and CENTELLA) gave signals of genotoxicity in human blood samples in the comet assay. The genotoxicity increased in the formulations, indicating genotoxic activity also in the added adjuvants present in these products. The use of the MG parameter allowed us to detect a certain type of genetic damage associated with different formulations.
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Herbicidas , Humanos , Ensaio Cometa , Células Sanguíneas , Glicina , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Adjuvantes Farmacêuticos , GlifosatoAssuntos
Dano ao DNA , Poluição Ambiental , Humanos , Criança , Testes para Micronúcleos , Mucosa BucalRESUMO
To evaluate, through a systematic review, the assessment of genotoxicity of glass ionomer cements in vitro and in vivo. A systematic review was performed with the problem, intervention, control, and outcomes (PICOS) strategy, aiming to answer the following question: "Can glass ionomer cements induce genetic damage in vitro and in vivo?" A systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed (including MedLine), Web of Science, and Scopus. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). After the authors performed the review of all articles, a total of 13 manuscripts met all the inclusion criteria in the systematic review. Following the parameters of the EPHPP, eight articles were classified as strong or moderate quality. The other ones (five studies) were weak. Taken together our results demonstrated that, six studies reported genotoxicity of the modified glass ionomer cements tested and two studies concluded that the effect of genotoxicity was time dependent.
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Dano ao DNA , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/toxicidadeRESUMO
The systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis aimed to infer if micronucleus assay using oral mucosal cells a useful biomarker for biomonitoring populations continuously exposed to pesticides (EP). The SR has been made in accordance with the PRISMA-P guidelines. The PICOS strategy has focused to answer the following question: "Does exposure to pesticides cause genetic damage in oral cells?" The literature search was made in the following scientific databases: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus. The approach was defined as follows: standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality assessment of manuscripts was obtained by the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project). The GRADE tool was chosen for assessing the quality of evidence. A total of 108 articles were selected in this setting. After screening abstracts and titles, 23 manuscripts were evaluated for eligibility. After reviewing the studies, two were considered weak and 22 were classified as moderate or strong. The meta-analysis data pointed out statistically significant differences in volunteers exposed to EP (SMD = 1.23, 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.77, p < 0.001), with a Tau2 = 1.44; Chi2 = 566.38, and p < 0.001, so that the selected manuscripts were considered heterogeneous and the I2 of 97% indicated high heterogeneity. Taken together, this review was able to validate the micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells as a useful biomarker in individuals continuously exposed to EP because the studies categorized as moderate and strong have demonstrated positive response related to mutagenesis.
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Praguicidas , Humanos , Monitoramento Biológico , Biomarcadores , Metanálise como Assunto , Testes para Micronúcleos , Praguicidas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Glyphosate is a controversial herbicide. Its genotoxicity and presence in various ecosystems have been reported. The use of ascorbic acid and resveratrol could protect different organisms from glyphosate-induced genetic damage. In the present study, specific genetic damage induced by glyphosate was evaluated in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum and human lymphocytes. Simultaneously, the antigenotoxic capacity of various concentrations of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was evaluated by means of pretreatment and simultaneous treatment protocols. The 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM concentrations of glyphosate induced significant genotoxic activity (p < 0.05) in human lymphocytes and in erythrocytes of the species studied, and could cause genomic instability in these populations. The reduction in genetic damage observed in human lymphocytes exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate is only apparent: excessive genetic damage was associated with undetectable excessive tail migration length. A significant (p < 0.05) antigenotoxic effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was observed in all concentrations, organisms and protocols used. Both ascorbic acid and resveratrol play an important role in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Ascorbic acid in Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum reduced glyphosate-induced genetic damage to a basal level. Therefore, our data indicate that these antioxidants could help preserve the integrity of the DNA of organisms exposed to glyphosate. The consumption of antioxidants is a useful tool against the genotoxicity of glyphosate.
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This systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the scientific data related to cytogenetic damage in oral exfoliated cells of patients diagnosed with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The SR was conducted according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. The PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design) strategy was used to answer the question: "Is micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells a suitable biomarker for predicting cancer risk in individuals with OPMDs?" The search strategy was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. The comparisons were defined as standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality of included studies was assessed using the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project). The GRADE tool was also utilized to assess the quality of evidence of the SR. A total of 110 potentially relevant studies were selected through the search strategy. After screening titles and abstracts, 20 full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility and three observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. After reviewing the 20 studies, 13 were considered weak. The meta-analysis data revealed a statistically significant difference in oral micronucleated cells by patients with OPMDs when compared to control (SMD=1.77, 95% CI, 0.36-3.18, p = 0.01), with a Tau2 = 1.97; Chi2 = 66.64, and p < 0.001. Patients with OPMDs had a positive response related to mutagenicity in oral cells compared to control patients. However, SR was not able to validate the micronucleus assay as a putative biomarker in individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders since the majority of studies were considered weak based on high risk of bias.
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Neoplasias Bucais , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Biomarcadores , Humanos , Testes para MicronúcleosRESUMO
Wild animals that inhabit inside mine tailings which contain heavy metals are an excellent study model to conduct ecotoxicological studies that analyze chronic metal exposures at low doses (realistic exposures). This study was conducted in Huautla, Morelos, Mexico, in a mining district where 780,000 tons of wastes were deposited in open air. Liomys irroratus is a small mammal species that lives inside these mine tailings. A multibiomarker approach study was performed to analyze metal bioaccumulation levels (biomarker of exposure) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, DNA damage levels (biomarker of early effects) through the alkaline comet assay, and population genetic structure and diversity (biomarker of permanent effects), using seven microsatellite loci, in 75 L. irroratus individuals, from two mine tailings and one reference site. Concentrations of aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, lead, and zinc were statistically higher in the liver of exposed individuals. Significant DNA damage levels were registered in the mine tailings groups. Aluminum, lead, and nickel had the highest contribution to the genetic damage levels observed, while aluminum and nickel had the highest contribution to genetic diversity effects. A positive and significant relationship was detected between individual genetic diversity (internal relatedness) and genetic damage (DNA single-strand breaks). Genetic structure of L. irroratus populations revealed that the main source of genetic variation was located within populations. We consider that multibiomarker studies in environmental settings using sentinel species are valuable for environmental risk assessment and ecological responses in chronic exposed populations.
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Metais Pesados , Roedores , Animais , Ecotoxicologia , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
Dimethoate ([O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate]) is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide widely used for agricultural purposes. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical agent interact directly to DNA or act indirectly leading to DNA damage by affecting spindle apparatus or enzymes involved in DNA replication, thereby causing mutations. Taking into consideration the importance of genotoxicity induced by dimethoate, the purpose of this manuscript was to provide a mini review regarding genotoxicity induced by dimethoate as a result of oxidative stress. The present study was conducted on studies available in MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, and Google scholar for all kind of articles (all publications published until May, 2020) using the following key words: dimethoate, omethoate, DNA damage, genetic damage, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, mutation, and mutagenicity. The results showed that many studies were published in the scientific literature; the approach was clearly demonstrated in multiple tissues and organs, but few papers were designed in humans. In summary, new studies within the field are important for better understanding the pathobiological events of genotoxicity on human cells, particularly to explain what cells and/or tissues are more sensitive to genotoxic insult induced by dimethoate.
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Dimetoato , Inseticidas , Dano ao DNA , Dimetoato/toxicidade , Humanos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation can potentially lead to adverse health effects, including cancer and genetic defects. Genetic damage caused by radiation can be detected if micronuclei are observed. The objective of this pilot study was to detect the presence of micronuclei in cells of the oral mucosa in inidividuals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. METHODS: We implemented a pilot case-control study in which we compared oral mucosa micronuclei in 30 medical and nursing personnel in radiology centers in Celaya, Mexico, with 30 volunteers not exposed to ionizing radiation recruited from a public University. The oral mucosa was brushed and the amount of micronuclei was quantified. Chi-square test or t-test for two proportions were used to compared ionizing radiation and genetic damage between exposed and non-exposed groups. RESULTS: The exposed group had an average of 5.37 ± 3.49 micronuclei and the non-exposed had 0.37 ± 0.61 (P<0.01). In the exposed group, 90% of participants exhibited genetic damage compared to 6.67% in the unexposed group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, medical and nursing staff from radiology centers presented with higher genetic damage compared to control group. Further studies are needed to identify the prevalence of genetic damage due to occupational radiation exposure in Mexico.
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Cateura landfill located in Asunción-Paraguay is the site of final disposal of tons of garbage of all kinds coming from urban, industrial and commercial areas. Due to an inadequate waste management system, there is a big concern in our country on how it can affect people working within the landfill as waste pickers. When a high risk of exposure affecting workers in their work places is supposed, defining biomarkers of genotoxic damage is obligatory. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic damage in occupationally exposed women in their work environments through two established biomarkers: the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE) accomplished in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test performed in exfoliated cells from oral mucosa (BMCyT). This is an analytical observational cohort study involving 50 women occupationally exposed and 34 unexposed women. A statistically significant increase (pâ¯<â¯0.05) in the parameters to measure genotoxicity was observed in the garbage recyclers of the landfill, compared to the control group. The frequency of Micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities such as karyolytic and karyorrhectic cells were higher in exposed women. In addition, significant differences in the % of DNA in the tail of comets between exposed and control groups were found. Our results suggest that the increase in DNA damage and nuclear alterations found in exposed-waste pickers women can be explained as a result to their direct contact with chemicals, many of them identified as genotoxic and other alleged mutagens. This chronic exposure could be diminished by using safety procedures and suitable personal protective equipment inside the workplace. The burden of morbidity due to occupational exposure to genotoxic agents in this place is unknown, therefore, these types of studies should be addressed in order to advice to authorities on social policies of protection of landfills workers.
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Ensaio Cometa/métodos , Dano ao DNA , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/induzido quimicamente , Testes para Micronúcleos/métodos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Instalações de Eliminação de Resíduos , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Linfócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Linfócitos/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Contamination with pesticide residues affects the environmental health of agroecosystems, especially the amphibian fauna that lives in these environments. The objective of the present study was to determine pesticides concentrations in sediments of agroecosystems and to evaluate genetic damage in Rhinella marina populations living in these zones. A total of 91 individuals were collected, 51 in the group exposed in different areas of the middle region of the Sinú River (Irrigation District of Mocari 16, Irrigation District of Aguas Negras 21, Irrigation District of Cerete 14) and 40 in a control group; at the same time, 36 subsamples of sediments were taken at each sampled station to determine pesticides organochlorine by means of chromatography coupled with ISQ Thermo Scientific mass spectrometer. The micronucleus test was applied in erythrocytes of the individuals collected. Results showed the presence of persistent organochlorine pesticides (POPs) in the sediment samples (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD) of agricultural soils. Two individuals were registered with abnormalities in their limbs at the Mocari station, representing 12.5% of the morphological malformations to this sector. Micronucleus analysis revealed statistically significant genetic damage in exposed individuals (Mocari 9.87 ± 5.1, Cerete 7.7 ± 1.7, Aguas Negras 5.6 ± 3.6) with respect to the control group (2.4 ± 1.9) (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive association between genetic damage and POP concentrations (p < 0.05). In addition, cellular alterations such as nuclear buds, and pyknosis (cell death), were statistically significant in the exposed group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study suggests that there is evidence for morphological and genotoxic effects in R. marina populations inhabiting areas influenced by agriculture, possibly associated with the presence of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE.
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Agricultura/métodos , Bufo marinus/genética , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Rios/química , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Animais , Bufo marinus/anormalidades , Bufo marinus/sangue , Colômbia , Ecossistema , Humanos , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/efeitos dos fármacos , Micronúcleos com Defeito Cromossômico/estatística & dados numéricos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/toxicidade , Estações do Ano , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidadeRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective. The objective of the work was evaluate the damage genetic caused by the use of ivermectin (IVM) in cows zebu to concentrations of 1% and 3.15% through the test comet. Material and methods. 15 cows, were taken with age between 3 and 4 years old, average weight of 350 kg, body condition between 3 and 3.5. Three experimental groups with five animals per group, which were exposed to the concentration of IVM to 1% to 3.15% more group control (without application of IVM) were used. Animal blood sample was performed by venipuncture jugular or medial flow with vacutainer® needle, extracting 8 ml of blood. The blood samples it was collected at 9, 18 and 27 days post-treatment. Results. The display of the comets is made by using fluorescence microscope, the cells were evaluated by means of visual log and the Comet image software. Evidenced the presence of nuclei with DNA migration in all analyzed plates. The values of classification of comets indicate cells with high levels of damage (grade 3: cells with high damage). The rate of DNA damage of the treatment to 1% to 3.15% was significant, to relate to the control group. Conclusions. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the likely genotoxic potential of the use of IVM in cattle.
RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el daño genético causado por el uso de Ivermectina (IVM) en vacas cebú (Bos taurus indicus). Materiales y Métodos. Se tomaron quince vacas, con edad entre tres y cuatro años, peso promedio de 350 kilogramos, condición corporal entre 3 y 3,5. Se utilizaron tres grupos experimentales con cinco animales por grupo, los cuales se expusieron a la concentración de IVM al 1% y 3,15% más un grupo control (sin aplicación de IVM). La muestra sanguínea por animal fue realizada mediante punción venosa yugular o caudal medial con aguja para vacutainer ®, extrayéndose 8 ml de sangre. Las muestras sanguíneas fueron recolectadas a los 9, 18 y 27 días postratamiento. Resultados. La visualización de los cometas se realizaron con microscopio de fluorescencia, las células fueron evaluadas por medio de registro visual y por el software Comet Imagen. Se evidenció la presencia de núcleos con migración de ADN en todas las placas analizadas. Los valores de clasificación de los cometas, denotaron células con altos niveles de daño alto (grado 3). El índice de daño del ADN de los tratamientos al 1% y 3,15% fue significativo, al relacionarlo con el grupo control. Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio evidenciaron el probable potencial genotóxico del uso de la IVM en ganado vacuno.
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In general, tropical rivers have a great impact on human activities. Bioaccumulation of toxins is a worldwide problem nowadays and has been, historically, overlooked by the supervisory authorities. This study evaluated cytogenotoxic effects of Guaribas river (a Brazilian river) water during dry and rainy seasons of 2014 by using the Allium cepa test system. The toxicogenetic variables, including root growth, mitotic index, and chromosomal aberrations, were analyzed in meristematic cells of A. cepa exposed to water samples taken from the up-, within, and downstream of the city Picos (state: Piauí). The physical-chemical parameters were also analyzed to explain water quality and possible anthropogenic action. Additionally, the presence of heavy metals was also analyzed to explain water quality and possible damaging effects on eukaryotic cells. The results suggest that the river water exerted cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic effects, regardless of the seasons. In addition, Guaribas river presented physico-chemical values outside the Brazilian laws, which can be a characteristic of human pollution (domestic sewage, industrial, and local agriculture). The genetic damage was positively correlated with higher levels of heavy metals. The pollution of the Guaribas river water may link to the chemical contamination, including the action of heavy metals and their impacts on genetic instability in the aquatic ecosystem. In conclusion, necessary steps should be taken into account for further toxicogenetic studies of the Guaribas river water, as it has an influence in human health of the same region of Brazil.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Brasil , Dano ao DNA , Ecossistema , Humanos , Metais Pesados/análise , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Cebolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Chuva , Rios/química , Estações do Ano , Esgotos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Qualidade da ÁguaRESUMO
AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether skin burn injury (BI) can induce cellular changes in skeletal muscle, liver, kidney and blood by means of DNA damage and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (C) and submitted to scald burn (SB), subdivided into three subgroups: 1, 4 or 14 days post-injury. The gastrocnemius muscle and liver were dissected for histopathological evaluation and the single-cell gel (comet) assay was used to investigate damage in skeletal muscle, liver, kidney and blood cells. RESULTS: Histopathological analysis of the muscle in the SB group revealed congested vessels containing inflammatory cells for all periods evaluated post-injury. In liver, the one day post-injury SB group showed sinusoidal congestion, while that of 14 days post-injury exhibited an increased number of Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION: Despite the histophatological evidence, none of the groups showed any signs of genotoxicity in these target tissues.
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Queimaduras/metabolismo , Dermatopatias/metabolismo , Animais , Queimaduras/patologia , Dano ao DNA , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Ratos , Dermatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and mutagenicity in peripheral blood and buccal mucosal cells in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, II or VI patients. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with MPS type I, II and VI attended at the Institute of Genetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and 10 healthy control volunteers were included in this study. Mechanically exfoliated cells from cheek mucosa (left and right side) were used to micronucleus test and single cell gel (comet) assay in peripheral blood cells. RESULTS: The results of this study detected the presence of genetic damage in peripheral blood for all individuals with MPS treated with ERT, regardless of type of MPS as depicted by tail moment results. In addition, an increased number of micronucleated cells were found in buccal cells of MPS type II patients. It was also observed an increase of other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity as depicted by the frequency of pyknosis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis in buccal mucosa cells of MPS VI patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Taken together, such results demonstrate that metabolic alterations induced by the enzymatic deficiency characteristic of MPS associated with ERT therapy can induce genotoxicity and mutagenicity in peripheral blood and buccal mucosa cells, respectively. This effect appears to be more pronounced to MPS II.