RESUMO
This research aimed to optimize surimi production with innovative raw materials called pirarucu trimmings and broken rice grains, which are by-products from food industries. The effects of three independent variables (number of washing cycles, content, and cooking temperature of rice flour-RF) on surimi's physical, chemical, and technological qualities were investigated through a Box-Behnken design. The number of washing cycles affected yield (77-93%), moisture (55-67%), lipids (18-35%), protein (7.15-11.88%), whiteness (46.73-64.45), chroma (8.86-13.18), hue angle (80.79-93.12°), cohesiveness (0.40-0.61), springiness (0.51-0.99), and freeze stability after 4 weeks (85.16-96.53%). RF concentration affected moisture, lipids, cohesiveness, springiness, and freeze-thaw stability after 4 weeks. RF cooking temperature affected moisture, chroma, cohesiveness, and springiness. The optimal conditions for surimi production with high yield and overall quality were three washing cycles, 6% of RF, and RF cooking temperature at 85 °C. It reveals the promising potential of both by-products to be used as an ingredient in restructured products and contribute to improving agri-industry sustainability.
RESUMO
ObjectiveThis observational case-control study analyzed the clinical, functional, inflammatory profile, and treatment data of a cohort of patients with asthma who were followed up at the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital.MethodsPatients who visited the clinic between January 2008 and February 2020 and diagnosed with asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria were included in the study. Patients were broadly classified into two groups: age <60 or age ≥60 years. The patients were evaluated for asthma control and severity, medications used, comorbidities, smoking status, occurrence of exacerbation, spirometry at the first and last visits, sputum cytology, allergic prick test, and inflammatory cytokine levels.ResultsPatients over 60 years of age had lower asthma control test (ACT) scores, required higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids to achieve asthma control and had worse lung function with fixed airway obstruction, higher number of comorbidities, greater exposure to tobacco, and longer outpatient follow-up than younger patients with asthma. Furthermore, older patients presented with neutrophilia and higher levels of TNFα in the induced sputum as compared to younger patients.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that patients aged ≥60 years of age had a more severe asthma profile and poorer lung function than younger patients with asthma. Furthermore, aging, long-term asthma, comorbidities, and tobacco exposure contributed to an accelerated decline in lung function.
Assuntos
Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Asma , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pulmão , ComorbidadeRESUMO
Normal corn starch (â¼26% amylose content) was subjected to different degrees of extrusion-based pregelatinization (55, 75, and 95%) to improve the efficiency of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) esterification. The partial disruption of the native semi-crystalline structure was verified with X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis. It was found that partial gelatinization (pregelatinization) reduced the relative crystallinity, which is an effect that was magnified by OSA esterification. Polarized and scanning electron microscopies revealed gradual destruction of the starch granules, yielding a fraction of insoluble remnants for high gelatinization degrees. The emulsification index showed a marked increase of about 18% by single extrusion treatment. However, fully stable emulsions (emulsification index = 1.0) were obtained by dual extrusion-esterification treatment. The hardness of hydrogels was reduced by pregelatinization. Principal component analysis revealed that most starch characteristics were mutually interdependent and that the impact of gelatinization degree was independent of the impact of OSA esterification.
Assuntos
Amido , Zea mays , Amilose , Emulsões , Ácido SuccínicoRESUMO
There are aproximately 90 millions of hens housed in Brazil, that concluding their production cycle, become available for slaughter. The poultry industry has economical interest in the use of spent hen meat through adequate processes. This review evaluates the quality of mechanically separated spent hen meat by chemical and functional characteristics, such as proximate composition, colagen, cholesterol, bones, calcium and iron contents, fatty acid profile, pH and emulsifying capacity, and as raw material for sausage production. The mechanical separation of meat migth be a good alternative use for spent hen carcasses.
O Brasil dispõe de aproximadamente 90 milhões de galinhas poedeiras e matrizes pesadas de corte comerciais alojadas, que tornam-se disponíveis para abate ao final do ciclo de postura. Uma melhor utilização da carne de galinhas de descarte, através de processamentos adequados, interessa economicamente para a indústria avícola. Esta revisão avaliou a qualidade da carne mecanicamente separada de galinhas, através de características químicas, nutricionais e de funcionalidade tais como composição centesimal, teores de colágeno, colesterol, ossos, cálcio e ferro, perfil de ácidos graxos, valor de pH ecapacidade de emulsificação, como matéria-prima para a fabricação de embutidos. A separação mecânica da carne pode representar uma boa alternativa para utilização das carcaças destas aves.
RESUMO
There are aproximately 90 millions of hens housed in Brazil, that concluding their production cycle, become available for slaughter. The poultry industry has economical interest in the use of spent hen meat through adequate processes. This review evaluates the quality of mechanically separated spent hen meat by chemical and functional characteristics, such as proximate composition, colagen, cholesterol, bones, calcium and iron contents, fatty acid profile, pH and emulsifying capacity, and as raw material for sausage production. The mechanical separation of meat migth be a good alternative use for spent hen carcasses.
O Brasil dispõe de aproximadamente 90 milhões de galinhas poedeiras e matrizes pesadas de corte comerciais alojadas, que tornam-se disponíveis para abate ao final do ciclo de postura. Uma melhor utilização da carne de galinhas de descarte, através de processamentos adequados, interessa economicamente para a indústria avícola. Esta revisão avaliou a qualidade da carne mecanicamente separada de galinhas, através de características químicas, nutricionais e de funcionalidade tais como composição centesimal, teores de colágeno, colesterol, ossos, cálcio e ferro, perfil de ácidos graxos, valor de pH ecapacidade de emulsificação, como matéria-prima para a fabricação de embutidos. A separação mecânica da carne pode representar uma boa alternativa para utilização das carcaças destas aves.