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BACKGROUND: Theobroma grandiflorum (Malvaceae), known as cupuassu, is a tree indigenous to the Amazon basin, valued for its large fruits and seed pulp, contributing notably to the Amazonian bioeconomy. The seed pulp is utilized in desserts and beverages, and its seed butter is used in cosmetics. Here, we present the sequenced telomere-to-telomere genome of cupuassu, disclosing its genomic structure, evolutionary features, and phylogenetic relationships within the Malvaceae family. FINDINGS: The cupuassu genome spans 423 Mb, encodes 31,381 genes distributed in 10 chromosomes, and exhibits approximately 65% gene synteny with the Theobroma cacao genome, reflecting a conserved evolutionary history, albeit punctuated with unique genomic variations. The main changes are pronounced by bursts of long-terminal repeat retrotransposons at postspecies divergence, retrocopied and singleton genes, and gene families displaying distinctive patterns of expansion and contraction. Furthermore, positively selected genes are evident, particularly among retained and dispersed tandem and proximal duplicated genes associated with general fruit and seed traits and defense mechanisms, supporting the hypothesis of potential episodes of subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization following duplication, as well as impact from distinct domestication process. These genomic variations may underpin the differences observed in fruit and seed morphology, ripening, and disease resistance between cupuassu and the other Malvaceae species. CONCLUSIONS: The cupuassu genome offers a foundational resource for both breeding improvement and conservation biology, yielding insights into the evolution and diversity within the genus Theobroma.

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This review aims to evaluate the production and processing chain of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia), giving suggestions to maximize the valorization of raw materials, demonstrating new product possibilities from processing to distribution and highlighting the suggested contributions. It is clear that despite the camu-camu pulp has important properties, a large part of its raw material, considered waste (around 50%) and formed by important bioactive compounds, can give rise to new products, such as bioactive extracts to be used by pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries, ingredients for bakery products, dairy and several others sectors, which constitutes opportunities, in addition to contributing to the reduction of agro-industrial waste and the preservation of the environment.

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Abstract The main purposes of the current study were to formulate o/w nanoemulsions as a carrier for Tamarindus indica (tamarind) fruit pulp extract and to study the antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of nanoemulsions containing tamarind extract, focusing on cosmetic/hygiene applications. The o/w nanoemulsions using a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 80 as an emulsifier (5%w/w) were prepared by a high pressure homogenization process. Two concentrations of sweet tamarind extract, 3.3 and 6.6%w/w, based on the bioactivity study, were incorporated into the blank nanoemulsions to produce loaded nanoemulsions, F1-3.3TE (3.3%) and F1- 6.6TE (6.6%). As compared with the unloaded nanoemulsion, both tamarind extract loaded nanoemulsions showed reduced pH and significantly increased viscosity. Overall, the loaded nanoemulsions had droplet sizes of approximately 130 nm, zeta potential around -38 mV and polydispersity index (PDI) values less than 0.2. The nanoemulsion F1-3.3TE had better stability (e.g. significantly greater % tartaric acid content and lesser PDI value) than the nanoemulsion F1-6.6TE did. The antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay revealed that the nanoemulsions F1-3.3TE and F1-6.6TE had scavenging activities of 81.66 ± 0.77% and 63.80 ± 0.79%, respectively. However, antioxidant activity of these two formulations decreased under stress conditions (heating-cooling cycles). Such incidence did not occur for their antibacterial properties investigated by agar well diffusion technique. The two formulations exhibited inhibition zones of approximately 24.0-27.7 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, responsible for malodor of underarms. The results suggest the potential of using sweet tamarind pulp extract loaded nanoemulsions as hygiene products.

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Cerrado is the second largest phytogeographic domain in Brazil, with a huge ethnobotany variety, including fruit species that stand out for their economic, industrial, biotechnological and medicinal potential. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of culturable yeasts and their potential for the production of hydrolytic enzymes in fruits of 13 species of native plants of the Cerrado in Brazil. Sequencing the 26S rRNA gene identified the isolates. The enzymatic potential was evaluated using specific substrates for the enzymes amylases, cellulases, proteases, and pectinases. Nine of the 13 fruit species analyzed showed yeast growth, totaling 82 isolates, identified in 26 species. The phylum Ascomycota predominated over Basidiomycota. The fruits of Butia capitata presented the highest species richness. Candida and Meyerozyma were the most frequent genera. About 57% of the isolates were able to produce at least one of the enzymes analyzed. The species Papiliotrema flavescens, Hanseniaspora meyeri, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa produced all the enzymes tested. The results were found to expand the knowledge about the yeast communities present in fruits of the Cerrado native plants, evidencing the presence of species shared among the plants, and their potential for biotechnological use in the future.

O Cerrado é o segundo maior domínio fitogeográfico do Brasil, com grande variedade etnobotânica, incluindo espécies frutíferas que se destacam por seu potencial econômico, industrial, biotecnológico e medicinal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a diversidade de leveduras cultiváveis e seu potencial para a produção de enzimas hidrolíticas em frutos de 13 espécies de plantas nativas do Cerrado brasileiro. O sequenciamento do gene 26S rRNA identificou os isolados. O potencial enzimático foi avaliado utilizando substratos específicos para as enzimas amilases, celulases, proteases e pectinases. Nove das 13 espécies de frutos analisadas apresentaram crescimento de levedura, totalizando 82 isolados, identificados em 26 espécies. O filo Ascomycota predominou sobre Basidiomycota. Os frutos de Butia capitata apresentaram a maior riqueza de espécies. Candida e Meyerozyma foram os gêneros mais frequentes. Cerca de 57% dos isolados foram capazes de produzir pelo menos uma das enzimas analisadas. As espécies Papiliotrema flavescens, Hanseniaspora meyeri, Meyerozyma guilliermondii e Rhodotorula mucilaginosa produziram todas as enzimas testadas. Os resultados encontrados ampliam o conhecimento sobre as comunidades de leveduras presentes nos frutos das plantas nativas do Cerrado, evidenciando a presença de espécies compartilhadas entre as plantas, e seu potencial para uso biotecnológico no futuro.

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Exotic fruits and their co-products may be valuable sources of antioxidant dietary fibres (DF) which are useful for food industry and human health. In this study, we aimed to characterize DF obtained from guavira fruit pomace and investigate its antioxidant potential employing TEAC assay as well as a cell model. The DF were chemically characterized as containing arabinan, highly-methoxylated homogalacturonan and arabinogalactan. The DF-containing fraction (CPW) presented ABTS free radical scavenger activity. MTT and DCFH-DA assay were performed to assess, respectively, changes in cell viability and the potential intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine NIH 3T3 fibroblast. CPW exhibited no effects on cell viability, moreover, when administered 48 h prior the induction of H2O2 toxic effects, it protected the cells, significantly increasing the cell viability compared to control. This protection may be related to the observed reduction of reactive oxygen species levels. Thus, the pre-treatment of cells with guavira DF for 48 h remarkably induced a cytoprotection against pro-oxidant conditions, and may be a valuable functional compound recovered from an unexploited agroindutrial waste.

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Guavira is a plant that belongs to Myrtaceae family, being widespread in the Brazilian Cerrado. In this study, pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides from guavira pomace, an agroindustry residue from pulp production, were structurally characterized using GPC, monosaccharide composition, methylation and NMR experiments. The absolute configurations of monosaccharides and the nature of uronic acids were attributed according to numerous data on the composition of related plant arabinogalactans and hemicelluloses present in the literature. An arabinan was purified, presenting Ara (85.0%), Rha (3.3%), Gal (7.7%) and GalA (4.0%). Mono and bidimensional NMR analyses of this arabinan demonstrated the presence of terminal ß-L-Araf units, whose occurrence has been scarcely reported in the literature. Hemicellulosic fraction contained a glucuronoxylan, with α-D-GlcpA/4-O-methyl-α-D-GlcpA group linked to O-2 of a (1 → 4)-ß-D-xylan, presenting one uronic acid residue for every six xylose units. These findings about guavira pomace polysaccharides could contribute to develop future nutraceutical and technological uses for this industrial waste.

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The common dimension (ComDim) chemometric method for multi-block analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate the data obtained from the physico-chemical and rheological characterization of 42 commercial fruit pulps. The physico-chemical characteristics and the rheological behavior of the pulps were found to be considerably different. The Herschel-Bulkley equation was fit to the steady-state flow curves of the fruit pulps, and it was found to appropriately describe the materials, which showed a wide range of yield stresses. The soluble solids content and the yield stress were the main factors responsible for the sample discrimination in the multivariate statistical analysis. The ComDim model indicates that these parameters may have a direct correlation. Namely, the soluble solids amount can influence the viscosity, as demonstrated by the similar scores of the samples in both common components, and this corroborated with the HCA analysis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fruit pulps can be used as raw materials in the food industry to obtain several products, such as nectars, jellies, ice creams, and juices, which can also be sold directly to consumers. To evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of those industrial processes, it is important to know the physico-chemical properties of the products. Therefore, in this study we attempt to correlate the physical-chemical and rheological data using a new statistical approach.

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The industry of açai-based products has been growing in the last few years. Knowledge about the physical properties of açai pulp, including its rheology, is essential to the optimization of industrial processes. This work presents the rheological behavior of açai berry pulp in relation to the effects of shear rate, temperature, and time of shearing. The entire study was carried out in the temperature range of 10-70 °C. Açai pulp showed a non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic, and time-dependent behavior. Four upward and backward shear rate cycles were evaluated, resulting in complex hysteresis loops, in which thixotropy and anti-thixotropy zones were observed. Downward flow curves could be satisfactorily represented by the Power-Law rheological model. The stress profiles as a function of shear rate obtained in the first upward curves suggest a breakdown of the initial fluid structure at low shear rates. Tests were also carried out at a constant shear rate of 20 s-1 and, in this case, the Weltman model of thixotropy satisfactorily fit the experimental data. The activation energy, which was calculated by the Arrhenius equation, was 29.0 kJ/mol. The achievements of this work may be useful to further studies about açai pulp rheology and may contribute to process design in the açai industry.

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Nesta pesquisa foram analisadas nove amostras de polpas de frutas congeladas, no sabor manga, obtidas em dois hipermercados e três minimercados de Salvador - BA. As amostras foram analisadas em triplicata, realizando-se a determinação de coliformes totais e termo tolerantes, além de bolores e leveduras. As amostras apresentaram 100% de contaminação por bolores e leveduras, sendo que as contagens variaram de < 1 até 2,5 x 105 UFC/g. As bactérias termo tolerantes apresentaram o total de 11,1% de contaminação acima do padrão microbiológico vigente, porém as bactérias totais, por não terem padrão estabelecido, não podem ser reportadas como contaminadas. Conclui-se que as polpas de frutas comercializadas na cidade de Salvador - BA não estão nas condições higienicossanitárias adequadas de acordo com a legislação vigente.

In this research were analyzed nine samples of frozen fruit pulps in manga flavor, chosen because the pH is 3.3 to 4.5, (Embrapa 2000) and obtained in two hypermarkets and three minimarkets in Salvador, Bahia. The samples were analyzed in triplicate by performing the determination of thermotolerant coliforms in addition to yeasts and molds. Samples showed 100% contamination by molds and yeasts, and counts ranged from I to 2,5 x I()5 CFU/g. The thermotolerant bacteria showed a total of 11, I % of contamination above the current microbiological standard, but the total bacteria by not having standard established, may not be reported as contaminated. It concludes that the fruit pulp sold in the city of Salvador-BA are not in the proper sanitary conditions in accordance with current legislation.

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Nesta pesquisa foram analisadas nove amostras de polpas de frutas congeladas, no sabor manga, obtidas em dois hipermercados e três minimercados de Salvador - BA. As amostras foram analisadas em triplicata, realizando-se a determinação de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, além de bolores e leveduras. As amostras apresentaram 100% de contaminação por bolores e leveduras, sendo que as contagens variaram de < 1 até 2,5 x 105 UFC/g. As bactérias termotolerantes apresentaram o total de 11,1% de contaminação acima do padrão microbiológico vigente, porém as bactérias totais, por não terem padrão estabelecido, não podem ser reportadas como contaminadas. Conclui-se que as polpas de frutas comercializadas na cidade de Salvador - BA não estão nas condições higienicossanitárias adequadas de acordo com a legislação vigente.

In this research were analyzed nine samples of frozen fruit pulps in manga flavor, chosen because the pH is 3.3 to 4.5, (Embrapa 2000) and obtained in two hypermarkets and three minimarkets in Salvador, Bahia. The samples were analyzed in triplicate by performing the determination of thermotolerant coliforms in addition to yeasts and molds. Samples showed 100% contamination by molds and yeasts, and counts ranged from <1 to 2,5 x 105 CFU/g. The thermotolerant bacteria showed a total of 11,1% of contamination above the current microbiological standard, but the total bacteria by not having standard established, may not be reported as contaminated. It concludes that the fruit pulp sold in the city of Salvador-BA are not in the proper sanitary conditions in accordance with current legislation.

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RESUMO

Nesta pesquisa foram analisadas nove amostras de polpas de frutas congeladas, no sabor manga, obtidas em dois hipermercados e três minimercados de Salvador - BA. As amostras foram analisadas em triplicata, realizando-se a determinação de coliformes totais e termo tolerantes, além de bolores e leveduras. As amostras apresentaram 100% de contaminação por bolores e leveduras, sendo que as contagens variaram de < 1 até 2,5 x 105 UFC/g. As bactérias termo tolerantes apresentaram o total de 11,1% de contaminação acima do padrão microbiológico vigente, porém as bactérias totais, por não terem padrão estabelecido, não podem ser reportadas como contaminadas. Conclui-se que as polpas de frutas comercializadas na cidade de Salvador - BA não estão nas condições higienicossanitárias adequadas de acordo com a legislação vigente.(AU)

In this research were analyzed nine samples of frozen fruit pulps in manga flavor, chosen because the pH is 3.3 to 4.5, (Embrapa 2000) and obtained in two hypermarkets and three minimarkets in Salvador, Bahia. The samples were analyzed in triplicate by performing the determination of thermotolerant coliforms in addition to yeasts and molds. Samples showed 100% contamination by molds and yeasts, and counts ranged from I to 2,5 x I()5 CFU/g. The thermotolerant bacteria showed a total of 11, I % of contamination above the current microbiological standard, but the total bacteria by not having standard established, may not be reported as contaminated. It concludes that the fruit pulp sold in the city of Salvador-BA are not in the proper sanitary conditions in accordance with current legislation.(AU)

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This study reports the chemical composition of five types of industrial frozen fruit pulps (acerola, cashew, grape, passion fruit and pineapple fruit pulps) and compares them with homemade pulps at two different stages of ripening. The fruit pulps were characterized by analyzing their metabolic profiles and determining their ethanol content using quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qNMR). In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to extract more information from the NMR data. We detected ethanol in all industrial and homemade pulps; and acetic acid in cashew, grape and passion fruit industrial and homemade pulps. The ethanol content in some industrial pulps is above the level recommended by regulatory agencies and is near the levels of some post-ripened homemade pulps. This study demonstrates that qNMR can be used to rapidly detect ethanol content in frozen fruit pulps and food derivatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Os fungos anemófilos são importantes agentes contaminantes e deteriorantes de alimentos, especialmente frutas e seus produtos. Neste estudo foram identificados os principais gêneros fúngicos presentes na microbiota anemófila de uma indústria de polpas de frutas, localizada no interior da Paraíba, e foi investigada a ação antifúngica de terpenos como possível alternativa de controle do crescimento fúngico. Os fungos foram coletados pela exposição de placas de Petri contendo meio Agar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol (50 μg/mL). Após a incubação a 28 °C durante sete dias, foram realizadas a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias e sua descrição. Os fungos foram identificados pela análise morfológica das colônias isoladas. O principal gênero isolado em toda indústria foi o dematiáceo Cladosporium spp. Os ensaios de sensibilidade foram efetuados aplicando-se a técnica de difusão em meio sólido com discos contendo os terpenos: carvacrol, citronelal, citral, linalol, timol, terpinoleno, p-cimeno e β-cariofileno. A efetividade de alguns destes terpenos frente a cepas do Cladosporium spp foi demonstrada, com destaque para o citral e carvacrol. A indústria de polpas de frutas apresenta ar de ambiente vulnerável, especialmente contaminação por Cladosporium spp. Pretende-se impulsionar novos estudos com produtos naturais na perspectiva de diminuir a contaminação fúngica em alimentos.

Airborne fungi are important food contaminants and spoiling agents, especially in fruits and their derivatives. This study aimed at identifying the main fungi in the airborne microbiota in a fruit pulp industry, located in Paraíba State, and to investigate the antifungal action of terpenes as an alternative for controlling fungal growth. The Petri plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (50 μg/mL) were exposed for collecting the fungi. The plates were incubated at 28 °C for seven days; then the colony forming unitscounting, and description were performed. The identification of fungi was performed by the morphological analysis of isolated colonies. The main group of fungi isolated throughout the industry was Cladosporium spp. Antifungal tests were performed by diffusion technique in solid medium with discs containing terpenes: carvacrol, citronellal, citral, linalool, thymol, terpinolene, p-cymene and β-caryophyllene. The effectiveness of some of these terpenes against Cladosporium spp. strains was shown, especially citral and carvacrol. Based on these results, the fruit pulp industry shows vulnerable ambient air, notably with high contamination by Cladosporium spp. Thus, it is aimed at promoting further studies with natural drugs in order to reduce the fungal contamination in food.

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A produção de polpas congeladas tomou-se uma opção viável de processamento de frutas e o produto vem ganhando espaço no mercado interno e externo, sinalizando a necessidade de melhoria e adequação aos padrões de qualidade. Polpa de fruta congelada é um produto que atende a vários segmentos do setor de alimentos, dentre eles podem ser destacados: sucos, confeitarias, sorvetes, balas e produtos lácteos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de polpa congelada de acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.e), produzida na região sudeste do Brasil, 30 amostras foram coletadas no comércio da cidade de Uberaba-MG e os resultados evidenciam que em 100% das amostras de polpa de acerola congelada, não ocorreu a presença de Salmonella sp. em 25g e de coliformes termotolerantes, portanto as amostras encontram-se de acordo com a legislação vigente. (AU)

The production of frozen pulps became a viable option of fruit processing and this product is gaining ground in the inner and outer market, showing the need for improving and adjustment to the quality patterns. Frozen fruit pulp is a kind of product that serves to several branches of food industry, such as: juice, confectioner' s, ice-cream, candies and milky products. Aiming at evaluating the microbiological quality of Barbados cherry (Malpighia emarginata D.C.), produced in the southeastern region of Brazil, 30 samples were collected from the market in the city of Uberaba-MG and the results showed that in 100% of the samples of frozen Barbados cherry pulp it has not occurred the presence of Salmonella sp. nor thermotolerant coliforms in 25g, therefore the samples are according to the current legislation.(AU)

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O trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar embalagens ativas flexíveis formuladas pela incorporação de polpas de frutas tropicais a uma matriz polimérica de amido de mandioca plastificada com glicerol, avaliando as propriedades mecânicas, de barreira e a eficácia antioxidante destas embalagens durante o armazenamento. As embalagens foram produzidas por casting, com concentrações fixas de amido de mandioca (4,5%) e glicerol (1,0%), e concentrações de polpa de manga, acerola e seriguela entre 5 e 20%. Foram caracterizadas as propriedades de barreira (espessura, umidade, sólidos totais, atividade de água e solubilidade) e propriedades mecânicas dos filmes. A ação antioxidante dos aditivos incorporados foi avaliada através do armazenamento do azeite de dendê embalado com os filmes contendo os aditivos naturais, monitorando a sua oxidação por 40 dias, sob condições de oxidação acelerada (63%UR/30°C). A adição das polpas de frutas aos filmes promoveu um aumento da resistência mecânica. Os filmes com as polpas incorporadas desempenharam efeito antioxidante sobre o azeite de dendê durante os 40 dias de armazenamento, podendo ser aplicados para o controle da oxidação deste produto.(AU)

This research aimed to develop and characterize flexible active packages formulated by the incorporation of pulps from tropical fruits to a polymeric matrix of manioc starch, plasticized with glycerol. The mechanical properties, the barriers and the antioxidant efficacy of these packages were evaluated during storing. The packages were produced by casting, with fixed concentrations of manioc starch (4.5%) and glycerol (1.0%), and variable concentrations of mango, acerola and seriguela pulps between 5 and 20%. The barrier properties (width, humidity, total solids, water activity and solubility) and the mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. The antioxidant action of the additives incorporated was evaluated through the storage of palm oil packed with the films containing the natural additives. Its oxidation was monitored for 40 days, under conditions of accelerated oxidation (63%UR/30ºC). The addition of fruit pulps to the films promoted an increase of the mechanical resistance. The films with the added pulps performed an antioxidant effect on the palm oil during the 40 days storage, which could be applied for the oxidation control of this product.(AU)

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O trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e caracterizar embalagens ativas flexíveis formuladas pela incorporação de polpas de frutas tropicais a uma matriz polimérica de amido de mandioca plastificada com glicerol, avaliando as propriedades mecânicas, de barreira e a eficácia antioxidante destas embalagens durante o armazenamento. As embalagens foram produzidas por casting, com concentrações fixas de amido de mandioca (4,5%) e glicerol (1,0%), e concentrações de polpa de manga, acerola e seriguela entre 5 e 20%. Foram caracterizadas as propriedades de barreira (espessura, umidade, sólidos totais, atividade de água e solubilidade) e propriedades mecânicas dos filmes. A ação antioxidante dos aditivos incorporados foi avaliada através do armazenamento do azeite de dendê embalado com os filmes contendo os aditivos naturais, monitorando a sua oxidação por 40 dias, sob condições de oxidação acelerada (63%UR/30°C). A adição das polpas de frutas aos filmes promoveu um aumento da resistência mecânica. Os filmes com as polpas incorporadas desempenharam efeito antioxidante sobre o azeite de dendê durante os 40 dias de armazenamento, podendo ser aplicados para o controle da oxidação deste produto.

This research aimed to develop and characterize flexible active packages formulated by the incorporation of pulps from tropical fruits to a polymeric matrix of manioc starch, plasticized with glycerol. The mechanical properties, the barriers and the antioxidant efficacy of these packages were evaluated during storing. The packages were produced by casting, with fixed concentrations of manioc starch (4.5%) and glycerol (1.0%), and variable concentrations of mango, acerola and seriguela pulps between 5 and 20%. The barrier properties (width, humidity, total solids, water activity and solubility) and the mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. The antioxidant action of the additives incorporated was evaluated through the storage of palm oil packed with the films containing the natural additives. Its oxidation was monitored for 40 days, under conditions of accelerated oxidation (63%UR/30ºC). The addition of fruit pulps to the films promoted an increase of the mechanical resistance. The films with the added pulps performed an antioxidant effect on the palm oil during the 40 days storage, which could be applied for the oxidation control of this product.

RESUMO

Airborne fungi are important food contaminants and spoiling agents, especially in fruits and their derivatives. This study aimed at identifying the main fungi in the airborne microbiota in a fruit pulp industry, located in Paraíba State, and to investigate the antifungal action of terpenes as an alternative for controlling fungal growth. The Petri plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (50 g/mL) were exposed for collecting the fungi. The plates were incubated at 28 C for seven days; then the colony forming unitscounting, and description were performed. The identification of fungi was performed by the morphological analysis of isolated colonies. The main group of fungi isolated throughout the industry was Cladosporium spp. Antifungal tests were performed by diffusion technique in solid medium with discs containing terpenes: carvacrol, citronellal, citral, linalool, thymol, terpinolene, p-cymene and -caryophyllene. The effectiveness of some of these terpenes against Cladosporium spp. strains was shown, especially citral and carvacrol. Based on these results, the fruit pulp industry shows vulnerable ambient air, notably with high contamination by Cladosporium spp. Thus, it is aimed at promoting further studies with natural drugs in order to reduce the fungal contamination in food.(AU)

Os fungos anemófilos são importantes agentes contaminantes e deteriorantes de alimentos, especialmente frutas e seus produtos. Neste estudo foram identificados os principais gêneros fúngicos presentes na microbiota anemófila de uma indústria de polpas de frutas, localizada no interior da Paraíba, e foi investigada a ação antifúngica de terpenos como possível alternativa de controle do crescimento fúngico. Os fungos foram coletados pela exposição de placas de Petri contendo meio Agar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol (50 g/mL). Após a incubação a 28 C durante sete dias, foram realizadas a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias e sua descrição. Os fungos foram identificados pela análise morfológica das colônias isoladas. O principal gênero isolado em toda indústria foi o dematiáceo Cladosporium spp. Os ensaios de sensibilidade foram efetuados aplicando-se a técnica de difusão em meio sólido com discos contendo os terpenos: carvacrol, citronelal, citral, linalol, timol, terpinoleno, p-cimeno e -cariofileno. A efetividade de alguns destes terpenos frente a cepas do Cladosporium spp foi demonstrada, com destaque para o citral e carvacrol. A indústria de polpas de frutas apresenta ar de ambiente vulnerável, especialmente contaminação por Cladosporium spp. Pretende-se impulsionar novos estudos com produtos naturais na perspectiva de diminuir a contaminação fúngica em alimentos.(AU)

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RESUMO

Effects of bleaching (70 C, 2 minutes), pasteurization (75 C, 30 minutes), and freezing (-5 or -18 C)on the physicochemical characteristics (pH, titratable acidity and soluble solids), and on carotenoids of araticum pulp were evaluated during the 180-day storage. Carotenoids were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The fresh pulp showed high contents of soluble solids (21.27 Brix), all-trans--carotene (1.98 mg/100 g), all-trans--carotene (1.58 mg/100 g) and vitamin A value (131.46 RAE/100 g) when compared to other fruits from Cerrado. The physicochemical characteristics of pulp remained unchanged after pasteurization and bleaching, and during the storage (p > 0.05). Thermal treatments equally decreased the all-trans--carotene, all-trans--carotene contents, and vitamin A value (average: -18, -41 and -41 % respectively). Both freezing temperatures influenced on the pulps in similar manner (p > 0.05). Carotenoids and vitamin A value of the bleached or pasteurized and frozen (-5 or -18 C) pulps varied similarly up to 90 days of storage. At 180 days, all-trans--carotene and all-trans--carotene contents and vitamin A value increased in pasteurized pulps (in average +6.5 %, +33.0 % and +33.5 %, respectively), and they decreased in bleached pulps (-23.5 %, -19.5 % and -19.5 %, respectively). Bleaching/freezing binomial was effective for pulp storage up to 90 days; and, after this period it is recommended the use of pasteurization/freezing approach(AU)

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da pasteurização (75 C, 30 minutos), branqueamento (70 C, 2 minutos) e congelamento (-5 C ou -18 C) nas características físico-químicas (acidez titulável, pH e sólidos solúveis) e nos carotenoides de polpa de araticum durante 180 dias de armazenamento. Os carotenoides (all-trans--caroteno e all-trans--caroteno) foram analisados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A polpa in natura apresentou elevado teor de sólidos solúveis (21,27 Brix), all-trans--caroteno (1,98 mg/100 g), all-trans--caroteno (1,58 mg/100 g) e do valor de vitamina A (131,46 RAE/100 g) quando comparados a outros frutos do Cerrado. A pasteurização, o branqueamento e o armazenamento não modificaram as características físico-químicas da polpa. Os tratamentos térmicos diminuíram igualmente (p > 0,05) os teores de all-trans--caroteno, all-trans--caroteno e valor de vitamina A (média: 18, -41 e -41 %, respectivamente). Os carotenoides e o valor de vitamina A nas polpas branqueadas, pasteurizadas e congeladas a -5 C ou -18 C variaram similarmente até 90 dias de armazenamento. Aos 180 dias de armazenamento, os teores de all-trans--caroteno e all-trans--caroteno e o valor de vitamina A aumentaram nas polpas pasteurizadas (média: +6,5 %, +33,0 % e +33,5 %, respectivamente) e reduziram nas polpas branqueadas (-23,5 %, -19,5 % e -19,5 %, respectivamente). O binômiobranqueamento/congelamento mostrou-se eficaz para armazenamento da polpa por até 90 dias; após esse período, recomenda-se o uso da pasteurização/congelamento(AU)

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A produção de polpas de frutas é uma alternativa econômica em São Luís/MA, onde há ampla aceitação do produto. No entanto, os produtores locais ainda empregam processos artesanais e não adotam sistemas adequados de controle de qualidade. Como objetivo de avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias de polpas de frutas não pasteurizadas e pasteurizadas congeladas, comercializadas nas feiras livres e supermercados da cidade de SãoLuís/MA, respectivamente, foram analisadas 50 amostras de polpas de frutas (25 pasteurizadas e congeladas e 25 não pasteurizadas) de oito sabores diferentes no período de setembro a dezembro de 2009, utilizando-se como parâmetro de qualidade microbiológica a contagem de enterobactérias. Os resultados demonstraram que, 32% das polpas não pasteurizadas apresentaram contaminação por enterobactérias, com o isolamento de diferentes espécies, tais como: Enterobacter aerogenes, Edwardsiella tarda, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia blattae, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichiafergusonii, Klebisella oxytoca, Kluyvera ascorbata e Serratia marcescens. No que se refere às amostras de polpas pasteurizadas e congeladas, verificou-se que 100%estavam isentas de contaminação por estas bactérias. (AU)

The production of fruit's pulp is an economic alternative in São Luís city, Maranhão, where there's a wide acceptation of the product. However, the local producers still use handmade processes and do not adopt adequate systems of quality control. Aiming evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of not pasteurized and pasteurized frozen fruit's pulps sold in the street markets and supermarkets supermarkets of São Luís city, Maranhão, respectively, were analyzed 50 samples of fruit's pulps (25 pasteurized and 25 not pasteurized) of 8 different flavors in the period of September to December 2009, using as microbiological quality pattern the count of enterobacteria. The results showed that, 32% of the not pasteurized pulps presented contamination by enterobacteria, with the isolation of different species, such as: Enterobacter aerogenes, Edwardsiella tarda, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia blattae, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia fergusonii, Klebisella oxytoca, Kluyvera ascorbata e Serratia marcescens. About the pasteurized and frozen samples, were checked that 100% of them were free from contamination by these bacteria. (AU)

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O chá é uma das bebidas mais consumidas no mundo devido ao seu aroma, sabor e propriedades medicinais, sendo seu consumo na forma de blend, contendo suco ou polpas de frutas, bem apreciado pelos consumidores. O objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar e avaliar características sensoriais de chá verde adicionado de polpa de abacaxi e de abacaxi com hortelã. A aceitabilidade do produto foi avaliada em duas etapas (teste cego e teste com informação), por meio de escala hedônica de 9 pontos, com 50 julgadores não treinados em cada etapa. Foram avaliados os atributos cor, sabor, aroma e impressão global. Verificou-se que o chá verde adicionado de polpa de abacaxi com hortelã apresentou maior aceitação (p<0,05) para todos os atributos avaliados, comparado às demais amostras da bebida. Já no teste com informação, verificou-se que o aroma da bebida adicionada de polpa de abacaxi não diferiu daquele da bebida sem adição de polpa. Constatou-se diferença nos escores das bebidas entre o teste cego e o teste com informação, sendo que neste último o chá verde adicionado de polpa de abacaxi com hortelã apresentou melhor sabor comparado aos demais, o que pode ser atribuído ao blend que confere sabor e aroma agradáveis ao produto. (AU)

Tea is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world due to its aroma, flavor and medicinal properties, and its consumption in blends form containing juice or fruit pulp, well appreciated by consumers. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the sensory characteristics of green tea added to the pulp of pineapple and pineapple with mint. The acceptability of the product was evaluated in two steps (test blind and information test) by hedonic scale of 9 points, with 50 panelists not trained in each step. It was evaluated the color, flavor, aroma and overall impression of the samples. It was found that the green tea added of mint plus pineapple pulp had a higher acceptance (p <0.05) for all attributes compared to other samples of the drink. In the test information, it was found that the aroma of the beverage added of pineapple pulp does not differ from that without the addition of pulp. It was observed difference in scores between the beverages evaluated by the blind test and with information. In the test with information the beverage added of green tea with mint plus pineapple pulp showed better taste compared to the other test, which can be attributed to the blend that gives flavor and aroma pleasing product. (AU)

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