RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between active commuting (i.e., walking or cycling to school) with lifestyle parameters and mental health in youths. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between mental health problems and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress with lifestyle (i.e., food habits, screen time, physical activity, and sleep quality), active commuting, and gender. METHODS: A total of 511 children and adolescents (boys, n = 249; girls, n = 262) aged 10 to 17 years participated in the study. Lifestyle parameters and mental health were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). RESULTS: Girls reported higher levels of anxiety (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.001), and stress (p = 0.001). Mental health problems showed a positive association with gender (girls, ß = 3.06, p < 0.001) and a negative association with food habits (ß = -0.65, p = 0.019). Anxiety was positively associated with gender (ß = 7.88, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with food habits (ß = -0.23, p = 0.019). Gender (girls) and food habits were also associated with symptoms of depression (ß = 2.29, p < 0.001 and ß = -0.27, p = 0.005, respectively). Finally, active commuting was inversely associated with stress (ß = -1.24, p = 0.008), and stress was positively linked to gender (ß = 2.53, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Active commuting, lifestyle parameters, and gender were associated with mental health in children and adolescents. Moreover, girls reported higher levels of anxiety, symptoms of depression, and stress.

RESUMO

The habit of eating specific meals has been addressed in several studies, but the evaluation of meal patterns has received less attention. This study aimed to describe the meal patterns of the Brazilian population. A complex sampling design was used to select the 46,164 ≥ 10-year-old individuals examined in the Brazilian National Dietary Survey. Food consumption was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls applied throughout a one-week period. The exploratory data analysis approach was used to determine the meal patterns, i.e., how individuals combined the main meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and snacks (morning, afternoon, evening/night) throughout the day. The most common meal patterns were three main meals + one snack, reported by 25.1% of the individuals, and three main meals + two snacks (24.6%). Other meal patterns identified were: three main meals + three snacks (18.5%); three main meals and no snacks (10.9%); one or two main meals + two snacks (7.4%); one or two main meals + one snack (6.9%); one or two main meals + three snacks (4.2%); and one or two main meals and no snacks (2.3%). Meal patterns varied according to gender and age group, and on typical versus atypical food consumption days. We found that eight patterns characterized the daily meal consumption in Brazil. Furthermore, around 80% of the population had three main meals every day and about 13% did not report having any snacks. The characterization of meal habits is important for tailoring and targeting health promotion actions.

Os hábitos de consumo de refeições específicas têm sido abordados em diversos estudos, no entanto, a avaliação dos padrões refeições tem recebido menos atenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os padrões de refeições da população brasileira. Um desenho amostral complexo foi utilizado para selecionar os 46.164 indivíduos de ≥ 10 anos examinados no Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação de 2017-2018. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de dois recordatórios de 24 horas não consecutivos, aplicados durante um período de uma semana. A análise exploratória de dados foi utilizada para determinar os padrões de refeições, ou seja, como os indivíduos combinam as principais refeições (café da manhã, almoço, jantar) e lanches (manhã, tarde, noite) ao longo do dia. Os padrões de refeições mais frequentes foram três refeições principais + um lanche, conforme relatado por 25,1% dos indivíduos, e três refeições principais + dois lanches (24,6%). Outros padrões de refeições identificados foram: três refeições principais + três lanches (18,5%); três refeições principais e nenhum lanche (10,9%); uma ou duas refeições principais + dois lanches (7,4%); uma ou duas refeições principais + um lanche (6,9%); uma ou duas refeições principais + três lanches (4,2%); e uma ou duas refeições principais e nenhum lanche (2,3%). Os padrões de refeições variaram de acordo com o sexo e a faixa etária, e nos dias típicos em comparação com os atípicos de consumo alimentar. Verificou-se que oito padrões caracterizaram o consumo diário de refeições no Brasil. Além disso, cerca de 80% da população realizava três refeições principais diárias e cerca de 13% reportaram não lanchar. A caracterização dos padrões de refeições é importante para adequar e direcionar ações de promoção da saúde.

Los hábitos alimenticios específicos se han abordado en varios estudios, sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre la evaluación de los patrones de alimentación. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el patrón de alimentación de la población brasileña. Se utilizó un diseño de muestra complejo para seleccionar a 46.164 individuos de ≥ 10 años quienes participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de Alimentación 2017-2018. El consumo alimentario se evaluó mediante dos registros de 24 horas no consecutivos, aplicados durante una semana. Para determinar el patrón de alimentación, se aplicó el análisis exploratorio, es decir, cómo las personas combinan las comidas principales (desayuno, almuerzo, cena) y las meriendas (mañana, tarde, noche) a lo largo del día. Los patrones de alimentación más frecuentes fueron tres comidas principales + una merienda según informan el 25,1% de los individuos, y tres comidas principales + dos meriendas (24,6%). Otros patrones identificados destacaron tres comidas principales + tres meriendas (18,5%); tres comidas principales sin merienda (10,9%); una o dos comidas principales + dos meriendas (7,4%); una o dos comidas principales + una merienda (6,9%); una o dos comidas principales + tres meriendas (4,2%); y una o dos comidas principales sin merienda (2,3%). Los patrones de alimentación tuvieron una variación según el sexo y el grupo de edad, y en días típicos en comparación con los atípicos de consumo de alimentos. Se encontró que ocho patrones caracterizan el consumo diario de comidas en Brasil. Por lo tanto, aproximadamente el 80% de la población tienen tres comidas principales al día y aproximadamente el 13% informan que no tienen merienda. Es importante caracterizar los patrones de alimentación para adaptar y orientar las acciones de promoción de la salud.

RESUMO

Abstract: Excessive sodium intake is a major global public health issue and the identification of dietary sources and temporal trends in its consumption are a key to effective sodium reduction policies. This study aims to update estimates of sodium intake and its dietary sources in Brazil according to the NOVA food classification system. Records of 7-day food purchases of households from the Brazilian Household Budgets Survey of 2002-2003, 2008-2009, and 2017-2018 were converted into nutrients using food composition tables and the mean availability was estimated per 2,000kcal/day. Mean daily sodium available for consumption in Brazilian households has increased from 3.9 to 4.7g per 2,000kcal, from 2002-2003 to 2017-2018, over twice the recommended levels of sodium intake. From 2002-2003 to 2017-2018, the processed culinary ingredients, including table salt, represented the largest dietary source of sodium, although their participation in dietary sodium was reduced by 17% (66.6% to 55%), while the percentage of dietary sodium from processed foods increased by 20.3% and from ultra-processed foods increased by 47.6% (11.3% to 13.6% and 17% to 25.1%, respectively). In conclusion, the total household sodium availability remains high and has increased over time in Brazil, yet the participation of different dietary sources of sodium have gradually changed.

Resumo: A ingestão excessiva de sódio é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em todo o mundo e a identificação de fontes alimentares e tendências temporais no seu consumo são fundamentais para a elaboração de políticas eficazes de redução de sódio. Este estudo tem como objetivo atualizar as estimativas de ingestão de sódio e suas fontes alimentares no Brasil de acordo com o sistema de classificação NOVA. Os registros de compras de alimentos no período de 7 dias de famílias das Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares de 2002-2003, 2008-2009 e 2017-2018 foram convertidos em nutrientes utilizando tabelas de composição de alimentos. A disponibilidade média foi estimada em 2.000kcal/dia. A média diária de sódio disponível para consumo nos domicílios brasileiros aumentou de 3,9 para 4,7g por 2.000kcal, de 2002-2003 a 2017-2018, mais do que o dobro dos níveis recomendados de ingestão desse nutriente. De 2002-2003 a 2017-2018, os ingredientes culinários processados, incluindo o sal de cozinha, representaram a maior fonte de sódio, embora a sua participação no sódio dietético tenha sido reduzida em 17% (de 66,6% para 55%), enquanto a porcentagem de sódio dietético dos alimentos processados aumentou 20,3% e dos alimentos ultraprocessados aumentou 47,6% (11,3% para 13,6% e 17% para 25,1%, respectivamente). Concluindo, a disponibilidade total de sódio nos domicílios permanece alta e tem aumentado ao longo do tempo no Brasil, mas a participação de diferentes fontes dietéticas de sódio mudou gradualmente.

Resumen: La ingesta excesiva de sodio es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en todo el mundo, y la identificación de las fuentes alimentarias y tendencias temporales en su consumo son esenciales para desarrollar políticas efectivas de reducción de sodio. Este estudio tiene como objetivo actualizar las estimaciones de la ingesta de sodio y sus fuentes alimentarias en Brasil según el sistema de clasificación NOVA. Los registros de compras de alimentos en el período de 7 días de familias de las Encuestas de Presupuestos Familiares de Brasil de 2002-2003, 2008-2009 y 2017-2018 se convirtieron en nutrientes utilizando tablas de composición de alimentos. La disponibilidad media se estimó en 2.000kcal/día. El promedio diario de sodio disponible para el consumo en los hogares brasileños aumentó de 3,9 a 4,7g por 2.000kcal, entre 2002-2003 y 2017-2018, más del doble de los niveles de ingesta recomendados de este nutriente. Entre 2002-2003 y 2017-2018, los ingredientes culinarios procesados, incluida la sal de mesa, representaron la mayor fuente de sodio, aunque su participación en el sodio dietético se redujo en un 17% (del 66,6% al 55%), mientras que el porcentaje de sodio dietético de los alimentos procesados aumentó un 20,3% y de los alimentos ultraprocesados aumentó un 47,6% (11,3% a 13,6% y 17% a 25,1%, respectivamente). En conclusión, la disponibilidad total de sodio en los hogares sigue siendo alta y ha aumentado a lo largo del tiempo en Brasil, pero la proporción de diferentes fuentes dietéticas de sodio ha cambiado gradualmente.

RESUMO

We report a case of predation on the basket worm Oiketicus sp. (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) by the Streak-backed Oriole (Icterus pustulatus) in the Municipality of Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico. The bird was photographed, and we describe the prey based on its basket, cephalic capsule, and fragments of thoracic segments. We describe the foraging strategy and provide a list of previously recorded food resources in the diet of I. pustulatus. This is the first documentation of a basket worm being consumed by I. pustulatus, which may be considered omnivorous.

Reportamos un caso de depredación sobre el gusano canasta Oiketicus sp. (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) por la calandria dorso rayado (Icterus pustulatus) en el Municipio de Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, México. El ave fue fotografiada y describimos la presa a partir de su canasta, cápsula cefálica y fragmentos de segmentos torácicos. Describimos la estrategia de forrajeo y presentamos una lista de recursos alimentarios previamente registrados en la dieta de I. pustulatus. Esta es la primera documentación de alimentación de un gusano canasta por parte de I. pustulatus, el cual puede ser considerada omnivora.

RESUMO

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted diet quality in differentways. In this context, community, organizational and consumer nutrition environments can influence the eating pattern. Objective. The purpose of this study was to identify how quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic changed the diet in Brazil. Materials and methods. A natural experiment organized into experimental (social-isolated group - SIG) and control groups (non-isolated group - CG) was conducted with data collection from an online survey at the beginning of the pandemic (T0) and in the less restrictive period of 2020 (T1). Pre-post improvements in diet quality (IDQ) were determined for the SIG and CG. Intro-intergroup changes were tested using the Mann­Whitney and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. The intervention effect was estimated using crude and adjusted difference- indifference in multilevel regression analysis accounting for repeated measures. Results. A sample of 565 Brazilian adults answered the questionnaire at T0 and T1. IDQ was favored twice or more by attitudes such as buying food directly from farmers/street markets, reducing requests for food delivery, and increasing time spent on eating activities and the frequency of cooking. The isolated group had no IDQ at T1, whereas the no isolated group, who worsened diet quality (6.1%) at T0, improved it at T1 (4.8%). Conclusions. The restrictive quarantine forced the non-isolated population to have an experience comparable to a food desert, negatively affecting their diet(AU)

COVID-19 ha impactado la calidad de la dieta de diferentes maneras. Los entornos comunitarios, organizacionales y nutricionales de los consumidores pueden influir en los patrones dietéticos. Objetivo. el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar cómo la cuarentena durante la pandemia de COVID-19 cambió la dieta en Brasil. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un experimento natural organizado en grupos experimental (grupo socialmente aislado - SIG) y control (grupo no aislado - GC) con datos recolectados en una encuesta en línea al inicio de la pandemia (T0) y en el momento menos restrictivo de 2020 (T1). Se determinaron mejoras pre-post en la calidad de la dieta (IDQ) para SIG y GC. Los cambios intra-intergrupo se probaron utilizando las pruebas de rangos con signos de Mann-Whitney y Wilcoxon. El efecto de la intervención se estimó utilizando diferencias crudas y ajustadas en el análisis de regresión multinivel, teniendo en cuenta medidas repetidas. Resultados. Una muestra de 565 adultos brasileños respondió el cuestionario en T0 y T1. IDQ se vio favorecido dos o más veces por actitudes como comprar alimentos directamente de los agricultores/mercados callejeros, reducir los pedidos de entrega de alimentos y aumentar el tiempo dedicado a las actividades alimentarias y la frecuencia de cocinar. El grupo aislado no mostró IDQ en T1, mientras que el grupo no aislado, que tenía peor calidad de la dieta (6,1%) en T0, mejoró en T1 (4,8%). Conclusiones. La cuarentena restrictiva obligó a la población no aislada a tener una experiencia comparable a un desierto alimentario, afectando negativamente su dieta(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

-A construção dos hábitos alimentares infantis pode ser influenciada pela disponibilidade dos alimentos presentes nos domicílios. Não se sabe o quanto os pais modificam seu padrão de compra de alimentos para mais saudáveis quando há crianças em casa. Esta informação é importante para avaliar a percepção dos pais sobre a influência do ambiente domiciliar na formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis em seus filhos. A renda familiar é uma variável que pode ter efeito na modificação dos hábitos alimentares dos pais, uma vez que reflete os recursos financeiros disponíveis para compra de alimentos. Investigar a aquisição de alimentos no Brasil em dois períodos com dez anos de diferença possibilita avaliar o efeito macroeconômico do engajamento dos pais na alimentação de seus filhos, uma vez que o país experimentou momentos econômicos distintos na última década. A fim de comparar a aquisição de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis em domicílios com e sem crianças no Brasil este estudo utilizou os dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) conduzidos pelo IBGE, no Brasil, em seus inquéritos de 2008-2009 e 2017-2018. Os domicílios foram classificados em: i) presença ou não de crianças de um a cinco anos de idade e ii) maiores de cinco anos até dez anos de idade. Foram considerados todos os domicílios que compunham as amostras: 55.970 (POF 2007-2008) e 69.660 (POF 2017-2018), sem distinção por macrorregião ou zona urbana e rural, assim representando todo o território brasileiro. Os grupos de alimentos utilizados foram constituídos a partir das adaptações de agregados estipulados pela POF nas duas edições do inquérito. Foram estimadas as médias per capita em quilogramas da aquisição (Kg) de frutas, vegetais, refrigerantes e biscoitos num período de 7 dias consecutivos (uma semana). As diferenças das médias per capita da aquisição (Kg) dos alimentos entre domicílios com e sem criança foram estimadas por modelos de regressão de duas partes, combinando um modelo de regressão logística e um modelo linear generalizado de distribuição gama para valores positivos de aquisição, em função da distribuição assimétrica e inflada de zeros para compra de alguns itens alimentares. As análises foram estratificadas por quartos de renda domiciliar per capita, com ajustes pelo sexo e idade do morador de referência do domicílio, número de bebês, adolescentes, adultos e idosos vivendo no domicílio, e gasto mensal com alimentação. A comparação entre as médias de aquisição de alimentos entre os domicílios com e sem crianças foi dada pela intersecção dos intervalos de confiança de 95% e levou-se em consideração o peso amostral e o desenho complexo das POF. A média de aquisição de frutas em 2008-2009 foi maior nos domicílios com crianças das duas faixas etárias nos domicílios mais pobres. Em 2017-2018, a média de aquisição de frutas foi maior entre os domicílios com crianças de cinco a dez anos de idade pertencentes aos estratos socioeconômicos mais ricos. A compra de vegetais diferiu para menos em domicílios com crianças de 5-10 anos nos dois períodos. Houve uma maior média de aquisição per capita de biscoitos nos domicílios com crianças de todas as classes de rendimentos, em ambos os períodos avaliados.

The construction of children's eating habits can be influenced by the availability of food at the home. It's not known how much parents change their pattern of food purchase when there are children at household. That information is important in order to assess parents' perception of the home environment influence in the construction of healthy eating habits at their children. It's possible that family income have an effect on parents' eating habits, once reflects the financial resources available to food purchase. Investigating the food purchase in Brazil in two periods with ten years of diference leads to assess the macroeconomic effect of parental engagement in children's eating habits, since the country has experienced different moments in the last decade. In order to compare the food disponibility in households with and without children, this study utilized data from the Household Budget Surveys (POF) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in Brazil, surveys 2008-2009 and 2017- 2018. The households were categorized into: i) presence or not of children aged between one and five years old and ii) children aged five and ten years old. The sample considered was 55,970 (POF 2007-2008) and 69,660 (POF 2017-2018). The food groups used were constituted from the recommendations of aggregates previously stipulated by the POF in the two editions of the survey. The means per capita were calculated in kilograms of purchase (Kg) of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks and cookies, over a period of 7 consecutive days (one week). Diferences in of food means per capita purchase (Kg) between households with and without children were estimated by using two-part regression models, that combines a logistic regression model and a generalized linear model with gamma distribution for positive values ​​of purchase, in function of the asymmetric and zero-inflated distribution for purchase of some food items. The analyzes were stratified by income quartiles per capita. With adjustments for sex and age of the household's main resident, number of babies, adolescents, adults and elderlys living in the household, and monthly expenditure on food purchase. The comparison between the means of food purchase between households with and without children was given by the intersection of the 95% confidence intervals, considering the weight sample. The means per capita purchase (Kg) of fruit in 2008-2009 was higher in households with children of both age groups in the poorest households. In 2017-2018, the average purchase of fruit was higher among households with children between five and ten years of age belonging to the elevates socioeconomic stratas. The purchase of vegetables were less in households with children aged 5-10 years in both periods. There was a higher purchase of cookies in households with children of all income classes, in both periods.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Environmentally unsustainable diets are often characterized by being high in calories, processed foods, and red meats, characteristics related to away-from-home food (AFHF). The aim of this study is to evaluate if AFHF consumption is related to environmental sustainability. Data of 20,780 adults from 24 h recalls collected in the 2017-2018 Brazilian National Dietary Survey (NDS) were used to estimate carbon footprint coefficients. The mean carbon footprint was estimated among individuals who consumed AFHF and non-consumers. Linear regression models were used to evaluate differences between away-from-home eating and the carbon footprint of the diet, adjusting for age and income. A total of 41% of Brazilians consumed AFHF during the previous day. The mean carbon footprint from foods consumed away from home represented 18% of the total carbon footprint. AFHF was positively associated with increased total carbon footprint (ß: 204.1; p-value: 0.0145). In conclusion, the consumption of foods away from home in urban areas of Brazil was associated with atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions independently of age and income. Away-from-home food consumption should be considered to reinforce the influence of diet on individual and planet health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study was aimed at describing the snack consumption among Brazilian adolescents. The Brazilian National Dietary Survey (2017-2018) is a nationwide representative cross-sectional study that collected food consumption data from 8264 adolescents (10 to 19 years old); data from one 24-h recall were used, in which all foods and beverages consumed throughout the day prior to the interview were described along with the amount, unit of measurement, time, place and occasion of consumption (breakfast, lunch, dinner or snack). Snacks were classified as follows: (a) Morning snack: "Snacks" consumed between 6 AM and 12 PM; (b) Afternoon snack: "Snacks" consumed between 1 PM and 5 PM; (c) Evening snack: "Snacks" consumed between 6 PM and 5 AM. Individuals were categorised according to the number of "Snacks" per day (zero, one, two or three or more). Among the evaluated adolescents, 52.8% were female and 23.0% were overweight. The consumption of at least one snack per day was mentioned by 88.2% of the adolescents, with an average of 2.33 snacks per day. An afternoon snack was consumed by 70.0% of the adolescents. Snack consumption was related to higher mean daily energy intake and a greater contribution of carbohydrates, added sugar and trans fat to the total daily energy intake. 'Cookies & Crackers' and 'Fast Foods' were the groups that contributed the most to the energy intake provided by snacks, showing, therefore, that less healthy foods were relevant components of the snacks consumed. For their important contribution to food intake, snacking habits deserve attention among the topics covered in dietary guidelines.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period of transition and vulnerabilities, in which mental illnesses can develop more easily. The objective of this work is to analyze the association of dietary patterns, breakfast consumption, and the practice of having meals accompanied by the family with the presence of Common Mental Disorders in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which analyzed data from 71,553 Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years, from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, "ERICA"). Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between Common Mental Disorders, dietary patterns, and eating practices that are breakfast consumption and practice of having meals accompanied by family. RESULTS: Two patterns were found, a Healthy Dietary Pattern and an Unhealthy Dietary Pattern. Adolescents classified in the second (OR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.70-0.89) or third (OR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.96) tercile of the Healthy Dietary Pattern had a lower chance of having Common Mental Disorders. Eating breakfast sometimes (OR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.61-0.83) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.47-0.62), and the practice of having the main meals with the family sometimes (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.57-0.84) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.50; 95% CI 0.44-0.58), decreased the chance for Common Mental Disorders. CONCLUSION: This study observed that healthy dietary patterns are associated with better mental health in adolescents, thus should be encouraged and promoted.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: Con el estudio de las enfermedades cardiovasculares se ha logrado identificar las variables biológicas y estilos de vida, lo que ha permitido que la hipertensión arterial y sus complicaciones sean prevenibles y controlables. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia del consumo de alimentos y actividad física en pacientes hipertensos del Centro de Atención Primaria III Huaycán, Lima, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo en pacientes hipertensos pertenecientes al programa del adulto mayor. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, antropometría y presión arterial. Se aplicó el cuestionario internacional de actividad física y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Se analizaron estadísticas descriptivas, prueba de Chi cuadrado, ANOVA y Rho Spearman en SPSS 23. Resultados: Se evaluaron 570 pacientes, 61,8 por ciento pertenecía al sexo femenino, 39,5 por ciento tenía estudios de secundaria, 65,3 por ciento consumía antihipertensivos regularmente. La media del índice de masa corporal para mujeres fue 28,23±4,66 kg/m2. La presión arterial sistólica para el sexo masculino fue 132,89±13,42 mmHg y para el femenino, de 130,92±13,19 mmHg. El 13,5 por ciento tenía obesidad y cifras tensionales hipertensivas, 71,1 por ciento consumía pollo, 77,2 por ciento pan, cereales, arroz, pastas y trigo todos los días a la semana, mientras que 50,9 por ciento consumía frituras cuatro días por semana; 44,7 por ciento tenía bajo nivel de actividad física y cifras tensionales hipertensivas (p = 0,03). Conclusiones: La alimentación en la población de estudio era diversa, basada en alta ingesta de carbohidratos y grasas. Se evidenció que las personas con menos actividad física tenían mayores cifras tensionales. Es de considerar que la dieta saludable y la actividad física son factores complementarios al tratamiento farmacológico para el control de estos pacientes(AU)

Introduction: The study of cardiovascular diseases has permitted the identification of biological variables and lifestyles, which, in turn, has made hypertension and its complications preventable and controllable. Objective: To determine the frequency of food consumption and physical activity in hypertensive patients in the primary care center III Huaycán, Lima, Peru. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and quantitative study was carried out with hypertensive patients belonging to the elderly program. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected. The international questionnaire of physical activity and frequency of food consumption was applied. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Rho Spearman were analyzed using SPSS 23. Results: 570 patients were assessed: 61.8 percent were female, 39.5 percent had high school education, and 65.3 percent consumed antihypertensive drugs regularly. The mean body mass index for women was 28.23±4.66 kg/m2. Systolic blood pressure for the male sex was 132.89±13.42 mmHg and 130.92±13.19 mmHg for the female sex. 13.5 percent had obesity and hypertensive blood pressure levels, 71.1 percent ate chicken, 77.2 percent consumed bread, cereals, rice, pasta and wheat every day of the week, while 50.9 percent consumed fried foods four days a week. 44.7 percent had a low level of physical activity and hypertensive blood pressure levels (P=0.03). Conclusions: The diet in the study population was diverse, based on high intake of carbohydrates and fats. People who did less physical activity evidently showed higher blood pressure numbers. A healthy diet and physical activity are to be considered complementary factors to pharmacological treatment for controlling these patients(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Evidence shows that genetic polymorphisms in perilipin 1 gene (PLIN1) are associated with excessive accumulation of body fat and disturbances in cardiometabolic markers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether the SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A (rs894160) interacts with nutrient intake, anthropometric, body composition and cardiometabolic markers in adults with normal-weight obesity (NWO) syndrome. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 116 individuals aged 20-59 years, with normal BMI and high percentage of body fat. Anthropometric and body composition measures, glycaemic control and serum lipid markers, SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A and nutrient intake were evaluated. Interactions between nutrient intake and the SNP were determined by regression models and adjusted for potential confounders. The SNP frequency was 56·0 % GG, 38·8 % GA and 5·2 % AA. Anthropometric measures and biochemical markers were not different according to genotype, except for total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations. However, important interactions between the SNP and dietary intake were observed. Carbohydrate intake interacted with the SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A to modulate waist circumference (WC) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index. Interaction of lipid intake and the SNP modulated TC and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, and the interaction between protein intake and the SNP tended to modulate weight, WC and BMI. The SNP PLIN1 11482 G>A seems to modulate responses in anthropometric and lipid profile biomarkers of subjects with NWO depending on the dietary macronutrient composition, which may have long-term impact on cardiometabolic markers.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to verify the association between rural characteristics and the nutritional status of adolescents from the rural area of Macaé, a municipality in Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on secondary anthropometric data, collected at the Macaé Municipal Department of Education between 2013 and 2014. The database refers to the total number of adolescents in the only high school in the rural area of the city. Poisson logistic regression was performed, having excess weight (overweight or obesity- Body Mass Index-for-age equal to or greater than one Z-score) as the dependent variable, used dichotomously. The independent variables were sex, socioeconomic status and three "yes or no" variables that express rural characteristics. Results The adolescents (total=109) were between 14 and 18 years old (mean=16.6 years), 64.2% were girls, 52.3% had vegetable gardens or orchards in their household, 19.4% had animal breeding for consumption purposes and 17.6% had parents/guardians working in the agricultural sector. The prevalence of excess weight was 18.0% in boys and 20.0% in girls. Having a garden/orchard implied a significantly higher chance of having excess weight, both in the bivariate analysis and in the sex-adjusted model (Prevalence Ratio=2.95; Confidence Interval=1.17-7.44). Conclusions Based on a significant association at the municipal level, the results highlight nutritional differences between local and large-scale studies, as well as variations within the same rural area. These findings point out the need to evaluate rural aspects in more detail in studies on underlying determinants of nutritional status.

RESUMO Objetivo Este trabalho visou verificar a associação entre as características rurais e o estado nutricional de adolescentes da zona rural do município de Macaé, RJ. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados antropométricos secundários, coletados no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Macaé entre 2013 e 2014. A base de dados refere-se ao total de adolescentes da única escola de ensino médio do meio rural da cidade. Fez-se regressão logística de Poisson, tendo o excesso de peso (sobrepeso ou obesidade - Índice de massa-corporal-para-idade igual ou maior que um escore-Z) como variável resposta, usada de forma dicotômica. As variáveis independentes foram: sexo, situação socioeconômica e três variáveis "sim ou não", que expressam características rurais. Resultados Os adolescentes (total=109) tinham idade entre 14 e 18 anos (média=16,6 anos); 64,2% eram meninas, 52,3% apresentavam com horta ou pomar em seus domicílios, 19,4% possuíam criação de animais para fins de consumo e 17,6% tinham pais/responsáveis com ocupação agrícola. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi 18,0% nos meninos e 20,0% nas meninas. Ter horta/pomar implicou em significativa maior chance de excesso de peso, tanto na análise bivariada quanto no modelo ajustado por sexo (Razão de Prevalência=2,95; Intervalo de Confiança=1,17-7,44). Conclusão Com base em uma associação significativa em nível municipal, os resultados ressaltam diferenças nutricionais entre estudos locais e de maior âmbito, bem como variações dentro de uma mesma área rural. Estes achados apontam a necessidade de se avaliar mais detalhadamente aspectos rurais em estudos sobre determinantes causais do estado nutricional.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen Antecedentes: los hábitos alimentarios inciden directamente en el rendimiento académico. Entre la población de jóvenes universitarios, se ha observado que existe asociación entre los buenos hábitos de alimentación y de estudio, lo que repercute positivamente en su rendimiento académico. Objetivo: determinar la relación existente entre los hábitos alimentarios y el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas de Chapinero, Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario desarrollado por el grupo de investigación GRIINSAN de la Facultad de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad del Atlántico entre una muestra de 68 estudiantes de universidades privadas y 53 de universidad pública; los resultados se contrastaron con los registros de desempeño académico de cada uno. Resultados: el consumo diario de azúcares y grasas (<35 %), la preferencia por alimentos fritos y la no ingesta de media tarde están asociados con un desempeño académico bajo de los estudiantes de universidad pública. El consumo diario de azúcares (26,4 %) y la baja ingesta de verduras y de media tarde están asociados con un desempeño bajo entre los estudiantes de universidad privada. Conclusiones: los estudiantes con desempeño superior muestran hábitos alimentarios más saludables, con mayor consumo de frutas, verduras y media tarde.

Abstract Background: Eating habits directly affect academic performance. Among young university students, it has been observed that there is an association between good eating and study habits, which has a positive impact on their academic performance. Objective: To determine the relationship between eating habits and academic performance of students from public and private universities in Chapinero, Bogota. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire developed by the GRIINSAN research group of the Faculty of Nutrition and Dietetics of the Universidad del Atlántico was applied among a sample of 68 students from private universities and 53 from public universities; the results were contrasted with the academic performance records of each student. Results: Daily consumption of sugars and fats (<35%), preference for fried foods, and the absence of mid-afternoon intake are associated with low academic performance of public university students. The daily consumption of sugars (26.4%) and the low intake of vegetables and the mid-afternoon are associated with low performance among private university students. Conclusions: Students with a higher performance show healthier eating habits, with higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, and mid-afternoons.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Following the COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus) at the beginning of 2020, containment measures have been taken by different countries around the globe. Citizens were forced to stay in quarantine, affecting their food consumption habits and food sector. These impacts have not yet been properly understood. Thus, it is important to describe the consequences of COVID-19 on food consumption habits globally, especially in the context of developing countries, such as Brazil. SCOPE AND APPROACH: In this study, the Brazilian's food consumption habits and perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed, highlighting the food consumption changes and selection of food products. Consumer perceptions about issues related to food safety and food marketing were also assessed. An online survey was performed and data were analyzed by descriptive analysis; independence and per cell chi-square test; and factor analysis. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Brazilians perceptions indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic context (assessed in May 2020) changed their food consumption and purchase. Respondents stated that they are eating and buying a greater amount of food, indicating a perception of a less healthy diet, mainly by women. On other hand, they are prioritizing homemade preparations and fresh food. Moreover, they reduced their shopping trips to markets and are starting to use delivery services and shopping platforms. Basic products of animal, vegetable, and bakery origin are being preferred during this period, in addition to economical packaging and products. Brazilians also indicated that they are more concerned with food safety and hygienic practices. However, at a time when global health is threatened, government agencies must create measures that ensure the food supply and consumer's awareness, in order to guarantee the country's food security during the current crisis.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The social isolation enforced as a result of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may impact families' lifestyle and eating habits. The present study aimed to assess the behaviour and dietary patterns of Brazilian children and adolescents during the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The present study was conducted using an online, anonymous cross-sectional survey with 589 children and 720 adolescents from Brazil during a nationwide social isolation policy. The Mann-Whitney U-test or the Kruskal-Wallis with the Dunn post-hoc method and a radar chart were used to compare the weekly consumption of each food by age group and isolation status. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Analyses were conducted using R statistical software, version 4.0.2 (R Foundation for Statisitical Computing). RESULTS: We found that isolated families showed breakfast eating habits and the consumption of raw salad, vegetables, beans and soft drinks. Lower-class isolated families and those from the Northeast region consumed fruits, juices, vegetables and beans less frequently. Compared to children, adolescents were less isolated (p = 0.016), less active (p < 0.001), exposed to longer screen time (p < 0.001), showed an inadequate sleeping pattern (p = 0.002) and were from lower-class families (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Social isolation affected the eating habits of children and adolescents. Non-isolated families presented a lower consumption of healthy food, especially those among the lower class, from Northeast Brazil, as well as adolescents.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify individual, household and sociodemographic factors associated with changes in food consumption that lead to changes in the diet quality, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic concerning Brazilian adults. Improvements or worsening in diet quality (IDQ or WDQ) were verified using an exploratory online survey which investigated whether participants (n = 4780) increased or decreased their consumption of food subgroups that mark positive or negative food patterns. Respondents also agreed or disagreed with their beliefs about food safety, cooking skills, family support, home characterization, feelings and behaviors. All factors of influence on the IDQ or WDQ groups were always compared against the general participants (who did not change their diet sufficiently to be classified into these groups). Individuals from the IDQ group spent more time on food (81.4% versus 62.0%), started to cook more often (91.4%), were more confident with their cooking skills (p < 0.01) and positive feelings were at least 2.5 times more prevalent. Adjusted analysis showed the chance to improve diet was 1.39 higher among those who did not feel overworked and increased 1.07 in each additional cooking chore shared between household members. For each additional positive feeling, the odds were 1.41 to IDQ and 0.67 to WDQ. Moreover, for each additional negative feeling the chances for WDQ were 1.21 and 0.90 for IDQ. Those in the WDQ group were more unaware of issues related to contagion during meals, they were not afraid of eating food prepared outside their home and agreed that industrialized food is safer (OR = 1.85). These results highlight the associated factors in improving or worsening diet patterns as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, supporting messages presented in Dietary Guidelines.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as prevalências de comportamentos de saúdede brasileiros se-gundo a participação em programas públicos de estímulo à prática de atividade física.Para isso, foram utilizados dadosda Pesquisa Nacional da Saúde 2013, que entrevistou 60.202 adultos e idosos e investigou comportamentos de saúde protetores (consumo de feijão, peixe, carne sem excesso de gordura, frutas e hortaliças; e prática de atividade física) e de risco (consumo de refrigerante, doces e álcool; substituição de refeições; tabagismo e assistir televisão). Foram calculadas as prevalências e intervalos de confiança (95%). Cerca de 10% dos entrevistados participavam destesprogramas e pos-suíam comportamentos mais saudáveis (maiores prevalências de prática de atividade física e consumo de peixe; e menor ingestão de doces e tabagismo), quando comparados aos demais, com diferenças entre as macrorregiões do país. Desta forma, a expansão destes programas e a diversificação de suas atividades podem constituir importante estratégia de promoção da saúde no país

This study aimsto evaluate the prevalence of health behaviors of Brazilians according to their participation in public programs to encourage the practice of physical activity. For this, data ofNational Health Survey 2013 was used, who interviewed 60,202 adults and elderly and investigated protective health behaviors (consumption of beans, fish, meat without excess fat, fruits and vegetables; and physical activity) and risk (consumption of soda, sweets and alcohol; meal replacement; smoking and watching television). About 10% of Brazilians participated in these Programs and had healthier behaviors (higher prevalence of physical activity and fish consumption; and lower intake of sweets and smoking), when compared to the others, with differences between the country's macro-regions. This way, the expansion of these Programs and diversifica-tion of their activities can be an important health promotion strategy in the country

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo desse estudo foi relacionar as características sociodemográficas, o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e a qualidade de vida de merendeiras Carapicuíba (SP). Estudo transversal, com aferição de peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e questionários sobre aspectos sociodemográficos, qualidade de vida e consumo alimentar. A idade média foi 53,97 anos, a maioria com companheiro e pertencente à classe socioeconômica C. O Índice de Massa Corporal médio foi de 30,85 kg/m2, com 82,4% de excesso de peso e 45,5% de obesidade. A média da circunferência da cintura foi 94,5cm, indicando risco aumentado substancialmente para doença metabólica. O consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida da maioria classificou-se em "atenção", 50,0% apresentou qualidade de vida geral boa e muito boa e 45,6% regular. As merendeiras apresentam excesso de peso, consumo alimentar e outros hábitos de vida que requerem atenção e qualidade de vida geral variando entre regular, boa e muito boa.

To relate the sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional status, food intake and quality of life of school cooks in Carapicuíba, state of São Paulo. Cross-sectional study, measuring weight, height and waist circumference and questionnaires on sociodemographic aspects, quality of life and food intake. The average age was 53.97 years, most with a partner and belonging to socioeconomic class C. The average Body Mass Index was 30.85 kg/m2, with 82.4% overweight and 45.5% obesity. The average waist circumference was 94.5cm, indicating a substantially increased risk for metabolic disease. Food intake and other lifestyle habits were classified as "attention", 50.0% had good and very good overall quality of life, and 45.6% regular. School cooks have overweight, food intake and other lifestyle habits that require attention and overall quality of life ranging from regular, good and very good.

RESUMO

Salinity variation in estuarine environments influences the distribution of fish species as well as the availability of food resources to be used by them. This study examines the effect of the range of salinity on the trade-off between growth and feeding intensity of Atherinella brasiliensis from two tropical estuaries (positive and hypersaline). To investigate the effects of salinity, we hypothesized that hypersalinity negatively affects foraging intensity, consumption and prey selection by the Brazilian silverside, leading to differences in body condition. Sampling was carried out using the beach seine method in two areas of the estuaries (upper and lower zone) during rainy and dry periods. A total of 2549 stomachs (1124 for the positive estuary and 1425 for the hypersaline estuary) were examined, and the results indicated a dissimilarity of 92.7% of the diet between environments. In the positive estuary, there was more predation on Calanoida, Gastropoda, Hymenoptera, Ceratopogonidae larvae and Decapoda larvae, while Alga and plant-material characterized the diet in the hypersaline estuary. Significant correlations between the volume of food and salinity were observed in both estuaries. The vacuity index indicated that hypersaline environments presented higher contributions of semifull stomachs, indicating an intense consumption of algae. On the other hand,in the positive estuary, these values were less intense, but the stomachs were always with animal items. The variation found for both environments reinforces the effect of salinity on the physiological mechanism of the populations once the higher proportions of filled stomachs in the hypersaline environment indicate the need for constant and high ingestion of prey to guarantee the pronounced energy expenditure with osmoregulation.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In a randomized controlled trial with 25 Colombian rural low-SES mothers and their children (aged 1-3 years), the effectiveness of the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) in enhancing maternal sensitivity and food habits was tested pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at a 6-month follow-up. The study further verified whether maternal sensitivity represented a mechanism of change for food habits. Mixed models indicated that the VIPP-SD did promote higher maternal sensitivity and better food habits. Moreover, increased maternal sensitivity following the VIPP-SD predicted improved maternal food habits, both post-intervention and at the follow-up. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at preventing early inadequate parental food habits in low-SES communities should promote sensitive parenting during daily mother-child interactions, in addition to offering nutritional advice.

Assuntos