RESUMO
Abstract Objective To analyze the influence of selenium in female fertility. Data sourceA search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, MDPI, ScienceDirect, and Europe PMC. The descriptors selected were "selenium" AND "female" AND "fertility". The search interval was from 1996 to 2021. Study selectionThe evaluation was performed independently by two reviewers, and a third reviewer confirmed the inclusion of papers in case of divergence between the first two reviewers. Papers were selected after the title and abstract were read, and those that met the eligibility criteria had the full text read. Data collectionThe following data was extracted: author, year of publication, country, type of study, objective, method, sample size, follow-up period, patients' mean age, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and concentration of serum and capillary selenium. The data was organized in chronological order of paper publication. Data synthesisThe number of papers identified totaled 3,800, out of which 7 were included in the systematic review. The studies indicated a positive correlation between serum selenium and antioxidant concentration in the follicular fluid, reduction in antithyroid antibodies, oocyte production and follicle number. Conclusion Selenium supplementation is promising in women with this micronutrient deficiency to promote improvement of the reproductive efficiency and prevent damage to the pregnancy. Further studies on this theme are still required.
Resumo Objetivo Analisar a influência do selênio na fertilidade feminina. Fonte dos dadosUma busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, MDPI, ScienceDirect e Europe PMC. Os descritores selecionados foram "selenium" AND "female" AND "fertility". O intervalo de busca foi de 1996 a 2021. Seleção dos estudosA avaliação ocorreu de maneira independente por dois revisores, sendo que um terceiro corroborou a eleição dos artigos em casos de divergência. Os estudos foram selecionados através da leitura do título e resumo, e aqueles que contemplaram os critérios de elegibilidade foram lidos na íntegra. Coleta dos dadosOs seguintes dados foram extraídos: autor, ano de publicação, país, tipo de estudo, objetivo, método, tamanho da amostra, tempo de acompanhamento, média de idade das pacientes, critérios de inclusão e exclusão, concentração de selênio sérico e capilar. Os dados foram organizados em ordem cronológica de publicação do estudo. Síntese dos dadosForam identificados 3.800 artigos e incluídos 7 estudos na revisão sistemática. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva entre o nível de selênio sérico e a concentração de antioxidantes no fluido folicular; diminuição dos níveis de anticorpos antitireoidianos; produção de oócitos, e número de folículos. Conclusão A suplementação de selênio é promissora em mulheres com deficiência do micronutriente, a fim de promover melhora na eficiência reprodutiva e prevenir danos na gravidez. Salientou-se a necessidade de realização de mais estudos sobre o tema.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Reprodução , Selênio/uso terapêutico , Fármacos para a FertilidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess a novel protocol designed to improve poor ovarian response through intra-ovarian androgenization. The endpoints were: number of oocytes and mature oocytes retrieved, fertilization, cancellation and pregnancy rates. METHODS: This prospective crossover study enrolled poor responders from previous ovarian stimulation cycles submitted to a novel protocol called ANDRO-IVF. The protocol included pretreatment with transdermal AndroGel(r) (Besins) 25 mg, oral letrozole 2.5 mg and subcutaneous hCG 2500 IU; cycle control was performed with estradiol valerate and micronized progesterone; ovarian stimulation was attained with gonadotropins FSH/LH 450 IU, GnRH antagonist and hCG 5000 IU. RESULTS: Fourteen poor responders were enrolled. One patient did not meet the inclusion criteria. Thirteen patients previously summited to the standard protocol were offered the ANDRO-IVF Protocol.-Standard Protocol: Mean age: 35.30 years; cancellation rate: 61.53%; mean number of MII oocytes retrieved per patient: 1.8; fertilization rate: 33.33%. Only two patients had embryo transfers, and none got pregnant.-ANDRO-IVF Protocol: Mean age: 35.83 years; cancellation rate: 7.69%; mean number of oocytes retrieved per patient: 5.58, MII oocytes: 3.91. ICSI was performed in 84.61% of the patients and a mean of 1.5 embryos were transferred per patient. Fertilization rate: 62.5%; cumulative pregnancy rate: 16.66%; mean duration of stimulation: 9.77 days. CONCLUSION: ANDRO-IVF allows intra-ovarian androgenization by increasing serum and intra-follicular androgen levels and preventing androgen aromatization. This protocol apparently improved clinical outcomes of poor responders in parameters such as number of oocytes retrieved and clinical pregnancy rates. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Assuntos
Resistência a Medicamentos , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Infertilidade Feminina/terapia , Indução da Ovulação/métodos , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Transferência Embrionária/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas , Falha de Tratamento , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Equigan is an anabolic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use and derived from endogenous sex hormone testosterone that plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissue as well as in puberty and spermatogenesis. The current study is aimed to investigate the possible prophylactic effect of star anise extracts (SAE) on the toxicity of rat testes, sexual hormones alternations, sperm count, sperm abnormalities and testicular DNA damage by Equigan. Forty adult male rats were equally divided into four groups (1st Control group, 2nd SAE group, 3rd Equigan and 4th Equigan+SAE group). Food and fluid intakes, relative body weight, potassium, chloride, phosphorous, non-progressive and immotile sperms were significantly increased in Equigan group as compared to control group. In contrast; relative testes weight, sodium, magnesium, total calcium, testosterone, FSH, LH, PRL, sperm count, progressive motility, and viability showed a significant decrease in Equigan group as compared to control groups. The relative weight of epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostates and serum calcium ions didn't change significantly in different studied groups. Co-administration of SAE with Equigan improved the sexual toxicity, electrolyte alternations, sperm count, abnormalities and DNA damage induced by Equigan.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Técnicas Reprodutivas , Illicium/efeitos adversos , Fenômenos Reprodutivos Fisiológicos , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Secreções Corporais , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Masculina/análise , Anabolizantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Introducción: El síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica severo es la complicación más grave de la estimulación ovárica durante la inducción de la ovulación. Los hallazgos característicos son la presencia de ovarios aumentados de volumen y ascitis en relación a extravasación de líquido por aumento de la permeabilidad capilar, cuya severidad puede llevar a falla respiratoria, renal, colapso hemodinámico y eventos tromboembólicos. Objetivo: Describir un caso clínico de síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica, junto con una revisión de la literatura sobre la patología, orientada al diagnóstico y tratamiento óptimo de pacientes con estas características clínicas. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 29 años con antecedente de síndrome de ovario poliquístico que presenta síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica severo como complicación secundaria a estimulación gonadotrófica. El cuadro clínico mostró ovarios aumentados de tamaño en la evaluación sonográfica; anasarca dada por ascitis y derrames pleurales bilaterales e insuficiencia respiratoria tipo distrés respiratorio del adulto. Se realizó paracentesis y se utilizó ventilación mecánica no invasiva, logrando la expansión pulmonar. Discusión: El análisis de este caso se inició siete días después de la administración de gonadotropina, favorecido por las condiciones previas de la paciente, sin complicaciones letales. Conclusiones: La paracentesis puede constituir una opción terapéutica efectiva en el tratamiento de ascitis con compromiso de la función pulmonar. La ventilación mecánica no invasiva es una estrategia para evitar la intubación en estas pacientes lo cual evita los periodos de sedación exhaustivos y el consiguiente riesgo de broncoaspiración. [Urbina-Contreras ZE, Urbina-Echeverry SE,Lamos-Duarte AF, Picón-Jaimes YA. Síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica severo: Informe de caso y revisión de literatura. MedUNAB 2017; 20(2): 244-251].
Introduction: Severe ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is the most serious complication of ovarian stimulation during the induction of ovulation. Characteristic findings are the presence of increased ovarian volume and ascites in relation to fluid extravasation due to increased capillary permeability whose severity can lead to respiratory failure, renal failure, and hemodynamic collapse and thromboembolic events. Objective: To describe a clinical case of OHSS, along with a review of the literature on the pathology, aimed at the diagnosis and optimal treatment of patients with these clinical characteristics. Case presentation: A 29-year-old patient with a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome who presented severe Severe ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome as a secondary complication to gonadotrophic stimulation. The clinical profile showed enlarged ovaries in the sonographic test; anasarca due to ascites and bilateral pleural effusions and respiratory failures that belong to a respiratory distress type in this adult patient. Paracentesis was performed and noninvasive mechanical ventilation was used, achieving lung expansion with it. Discussion: The analysis of this case was started seven days after the administration of gonadotropin, favored by the patient's previous conditions, with no lethal complications. Conclusions: Paracentesis may be an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of ascites with compromised lung function. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation is a strategy to avoid intubation in these patients, which avoids the periods of exhaustive sedation and the consequent risk of bronchoaspiration. [Urbina-Contreras ZE, Urbina-Echeverry SE, Lamos-Duarte AF, Picón-Jaimes YA. Severe Ovarian Hyper Stimulation Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review. MedUNAB 2017; 20(2): 244-251].
Introdução: O síndrome de hiperestimulação ovárica avançado é a complicação mais grave da estimulação ovariana durante a indução da ovulação. As características achadas são o aumento do volumem dos ovários e ascite em relação ao extravasamento do fluido devido ao aumento da permeabilidade capilar, cuja gravidade pode levar à insuficiência respiratória, insuficiência renal,colapso hemodinâmico e eventos tromboembólicos. Objetivo: Descrever um caso clínico de síndrome de hiperestimulação ovárica avançado, juntamente com uma revisão da literatura sobre a patologia, visando o diagnóstico e tratamento ótimo de pacientes com essas características clínicas. A presentação do caso: Paciente de 29 anos com história de síndrome de ovário policístico que apresenta síndrome de hiperestimulação ovárica avançado como complicação secundária à estimulação gonadotrófica. O quadro clínico mostrou ovários ampliados na avaliação ultra-sonográfica; anasarca devido à ascite e derrames pleurais bilaterais e insuficiência respiratória do tipo insuficiência respiratória do adulto. Foi realizada a paracentese e foi utilizada ventilação mecânica não invasiva, atingindo a expansão pulmonar. Discussão: A análise deste caso começou sete dias após a administração da gonadotrofina, favorecida pelas condições prévias da paciente, sem complicações letais. Conclusões: A paracentese pode constituir uma opção terapêutica efetiva no tratamento de ascite com comprometimento da função pulmonar. Aventilação mecânica não invasiva é uma estratégia para evitar intubação nessas pacientes, o que evita os períodos de sedação exaustiva e o consequente risco de bronco-aspiração. [Urbina-Contreras ZE, Urbina-Echeverry SE, Lamos-Duarte AF, Picón-Jaimes YA. Síndrome de hiperestimulação ovárica grave: Relato de caso e revisão da literatura. MedUNAB 2017; 20(2): 244-251].
Assuntos
Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana , Indução da Ovulação , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina , Gonadotropina Coriônica , Infertilidade FemininaRESUMO
lntroduction: The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), although uncommon, is an important complieation of assisted reproduction because of its morbidity and possible lethal outcome. Objective: To verify the incidence of OHSS in publie service of assisted reproduction and review the literature. Method: A deseriptive retrospective study of patients enrolled in the Assisted Reproduetion Laboratory of Hospital Pérola Byington who had 15 or more oocytes retrieved during controlled ovarian stimulation cycle, period 2010-2012. A literature search was condueted in the databases Medline, Scopus and SciELO including articles indexed between 2010 and 2013. Results: OHSS was observed in 17 eyeles (1.9%) of 857 performed. The mean age was 33.2 years, with a mean of 21.6 oocytes retrieved and 11.5 mature ooeytes. Hospitalization and ascites puncture was required in five cases. There was no fatal outcome. The literature suggests that methods used to prediet the ovarian response help to prevent OHSS, as antralfollicle count, serum estradiol and anti-mullerian hormone. Evidence indicates that stimulation with GnRH antagonist and triggering with GnRH agonist, with ar without vitrification of embryos are safe strategies for patients with high risk for OHSS.
Introdução: A síndrome de hiperestímulo OVariano (SHO), apesar de pouco frequente, é complicação importante na reprodução assistida devido sua morbidade e possibilidade de desfecho letal. Objetivo: Verificar a incidência da SHO em serviço público de reprodução assistida e revisara literatura. Método: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo com prontuários de pacientes matriculadas no Laboratório de Reprodução Assistida do Hospital Pérola Byington de 2010 a 2012, que apresentaram 15 ou mais oócitos aspirados durante ciclo de estimulação ovariana controlada. Consulta nas bases de dados do Medline, Scopus e Scielo incluindo artigos indexados entre2010 e 2013.Resultados: SHO foi verifica da em 17 ciclos (1,9%) dos 857 realizados. A média etáría foi de 33,2anos, com média de 21,6 oócitos aspirados e 11,5 oócitos maduros. Intemação foi necessária em cinco casos. Não houve desfecho fatal. A literatura aponta que métodos empregados para prever a resposta ovariana auxiliam na prevenção da SHO, como contagem de folícu-105 antrais, dosagem de estradiol e hormônio anti-mulleriano. Evidências indicam que a estimulação com antagonista do GnRH e desencadeamento da ovulação com agonista do GnRH, com ou sem vitrificação de embriões, como estratégias seguras para pacientes com alto risco para SHO.Conclusão: A incidência da SHO mostrou-se dentro da variação da literatura. Embora nenhuma das abordagens de prevenção da SHO seja totalmente eficaz, a maioria demonstra diminuição da incidência em pacientes de alto risco.
Assuntos
Humanos , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Síndrome de Hiperestimulação Ovariana , Técnicas de Reprodução AssistidaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analisar a taxa de gravidez na inseminação intrauterina (IIU), aferindo eventuais fatores prognósticos de sucesso. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de ciclos de IIU ocorridos de janeiro de 2007 a julho de 2010 em uma Unidade de Medicina da Reprodução do Hospital Vila Nova de Gaia. Os ciclos foram precedidos por estimulação ovárica controlada e monitorizada por ecografia endovaginal. Avaliou-se a taxa de gravidez em função da idade da mulher, tipo e duração da infertilidade, motilidade no espermograma, número de folículos e fármaco usado na estimulação ovárica. A análise estatística foi efetuada com o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 17), com um nível de significância 5 por cento (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: O estudo integrou 139 casais submetidos a 220 ciclos de IIU. A taxa global de gravidez por ciclo foi de 18,6 por cento e, das 41 grávidas, 5 foram gemelares (12,1 por cento). Ocorreu maior taxa de gravidez abaixo dos 30 anos (28,5 vs 15,7 por cento; p=0,02), duração de infertilidade <3 anos (23,8 vs 13,9 por cento; p=0.05), espermograma sem alterações da motilidade (23,2 vs 10,3 por cento; p=0,01) e na presença de dois folículos no momento da ovulação face ao desenvolvimento monofolicular (27,7 vs 14,2 por cento; p=0,030). As taxas gravídicas com citrato de clomifeno, gonadotrofinas e a sua associação foram de 13,0, 26,1 e 28,6 por cento, respectivamente, com diferença significativa na taxa de gravidez clínica entre citrato de clomifeno e gonadotrofinas. CONCLUSÕES: A IIU mantém-se como um natural ponto de partida para casais convenientemente selecionados. Idades mais jovens, menor duração da infertilidade e espermograma sem alterações na motilidade constituem fatores de bom prognóstico e a estimulação com gonadotrofinas contribui para melhoria da taxa de gravidez.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the pregnancy rate in intrauterine insemination (IUI), and to determine possible prognostic factors of successful pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective study of IUI cycles performed in the Reproductive Medicine Unit of Vila Nova de Gaia Hospital, between January 2007 and July 2010. The IUI cycles were preceded by ovarian stimulation and monitored by vaginal ultrasound. Clinical pregnancy rates were analyzed according to the womans age, type and duration of infertility, spermatozoa parameters assessed in the spermogram, number of mature follicles and the drug used for ovarian stimulation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS17), with the level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The study comprised 139 couples who underwent 220 IUI cycles. The absolute pregnancy rate per cycle was 18.6 percent. Of the 41 clinical pregnancies, 5 were twin pregnancies (12.1 percent). The pregnancy rate was higher at ages <30 years (28.5 vs 15.7 percent; p=0.024), duration of infertility <3 years (23.8 vs 13.9 percent; p=0.05), normal sperm motility (23.2 vs 10.3 percent; p=0.01) and with two follicles at the time of insemination (27.7 vs 14.2 percent for monofollicular growth; p=0.030). The pregnancy rates obtained with clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins and combined clomiphene citrate/gonadotropin were 13.0, 26.1 and 28.6 percent, respectively, with a statistically significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate between clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin. CONCLUSIONS: IUI remains a natural starting point for conveniently selected couples with infertility. Younger age and normal sperm motility are good prognostic factors. Gonadotrophin stimulation seems to be an important tool for improving the pregnancy rate of IUI.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Inseminação Artificial , Indução da Ovulação , Gravidez/estatística & dados numéricos , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PIP: Of 180 cases of secondary amenorrhea and 20 of primary amenorrhea, 46 patients suffered from the syndrome of amenorrhea and galactorrhea. This showed that this problem is more frequent than the literature indicates. Of the 46 cases, 13% had a pituitary tumor. Such a high percentage was found with several authors so the possibility of a tumor should always be considered. Another 24% of the cases were postpartum and 52.1% were idiopathic. The latter, suffering from primary or secondary sterility were treated with different ovulation induction medication and in 37.2% pregnancy resulted. In general, the treatment of amenorrhea and galactorrhea tries to restore normal ovulation and the menstrual cycle. Possible useful medications are clomiphene, citrate, pergonal, and levo-dopa. Also, recent studies indicate that some alkaloid derivitives of ergot are effective in treating the syndrome. It is important to realize that the syndrome may have physiopathogenic implications that substantiate careful ovulation induction medication.^ieng
Assuntos
Amenorreia/etiologia , Galactorreia/etiologia , Transtornos da Lactação/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , GravidezRESUMO
PIP: The various types of menstrual dysfunctions are classified, their symptoms are described, and appropriate treatment is suggested. The types considered are: subfollicular, persistent follicular (subdivided into simple, macrofollicular and microfollicular or androgenic), subluteal and persistent luteal. The subfollicular type is characterized by the early onset of menopause (before age 40); the follicular type by amenorrhea and sterility (simple type), alternating amenorrhea and bleeding (macrofollicular), and amenorrhea with occasional bleeding and hirsutism (microfollicular); the subluteal type by sterility; and the luteal type by either amenorrhea or hypermenorrhea. The type of dysfunction can be detected by laboratory tests (such as urinary estrogens, pregnanediol, and gonadotropins, functional cytology, 17-ketosteroids, plasma testosterone, appearance of the endometrium, and basal temperature). The subfollicular type is treated with estrogen, with or without progesterone, the follicular type with cyclical administration of progesterone (clomiphene can also be used), the subluteal type with progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and chorionic gonadotropin, and the luteal type with high doses of progesterone.^ieng
Assuntos
Amenorreia , Gonadotropina Coriônica , Clomifeno , Diagnóstico , Estrogênios , Hemorragia , Hirsutismo , Infertilidade , Menopausa , Distúrbios Menstruais , Progesterona , Biologia , Doença , Sistema Endócrino , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Fármacos para a Fertilidade , Gonadotropinas , Hormônios , Fisiologia , Progestinas , Reprodução , Substâncias para o Controle da Reprodução , Sinais e SintomasRESUMO
PIP: In a survey of 993 patients complaining of sterility and infertility, 365 were found to suffer from ovulatory disorders, and 133 of the latter were taking oral contraceptives. The patients were subjected to the following tests: basal temperature (monophasic curve in 33.08% of the cases), cervical mucus (negative crystallization in 40.60%), endometrium biopsy (Proliferative in 45.11%), and vaginal cytology (anovulatory pattern in 16.53% of the cases). Laparoscopy was used in 35 cases and biopsy of the ovaries in 18. After treatment with various drugs (such as cyclophenyl, clomiphene, human menopausal gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, progestogen, corticoids, oral contraceptives), improvements were obtained in 82.93% of the cases with respect to basal temperature (from monophasic to biphasic), in 90.90% for cervical mucus (positive crystallization), in 35.28% for endometrium biopsy (from proliferative to sectretory), and in 42.86% for vaginal cytology (from anovulatory to ovulatory pattern). 45 pregnancies were obtianed. It is conluded that oral contraceptives can inhibit ovulation after suspending treatment, irrespective of its duration, especially in women previously suffering from menstrual disorders. The overall incidence of this syndrome is low, and it is generally reversible. It is desirable, however, to identify the women exposed to high risk of its occurrence, should the patient desire to stop the contraceptive treatment and have more children.^ieng
Assuntos
Corticosteroides , Anovulação , Temperatura Corporal , Muco do Colo Uterino , Gonadotropina Coriônica , Clomifeno , Anticoncepcionais Orais , Coleta de Dados , Endométrio , Estrogênios , Gonadotropinas , Histologia , Progesterona , Vagina , Biologia , Colo do Útero , Anticoncepção , Doença , Sistema Endócrino , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Fármacos para a Fertilidade , Genitália , Genitália Feminina , Hormônios , Laparoscopia , Distúrbios Menstruais , Ovário , Fisiologia , Progestinas , Substâncias para o Controle da Reprodução , Pesquisa , Estudos de Amostragem , Sistema Urogenital , Útero , VaginiteRESUMO
PIP: The results obtained in 250 patients treated with preparations that induce ovulation are reported. 212 were treated with clomiphene citrate, obtaining ovulation in 86.3% of the cases and 32.2% pregnancies; 12 of the 68 pregnancies ended in abortion; 2 (2.9%) produced twins; all the babies delivered were normal. Success depends on the cause of the prior absence of ovulation, and specifically on the estrogen level, with very good results with high estrogen level and very poor results when it is low. The drug is very well tolerated, with slight side effects in only 10% of the cases and without need for special treatment. 27 patients were treated with gonadotropins from menopausal women (Pergonal), with ovulation in 74.1% and pregnancy in 29.6% of the cases; 2 out of 8 pregnancies were multiple (with 2 and 3 products). 11 cases were treated with corticoids, obtaining 72.7% ovulation and 27.3% pregnancy rates. The luteinizing hormone (LH) curve should be determined in order to select the proper treatment; cases with a normal LH curve should be treated with clomiphene; gonadotropins should be used when LH is absent; neither treatment is appropriate when LH is normal without ovarian response; corticoids are indicated in case of excessive excretion of male hormones.^ieng
Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Clomifeno/uso terapêutico , Infertilidade Feminina/tratamento farmacológico , Menotropinas/uso terapêutico , Ovulação , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , ComprimidosRESUMO
PIP: Neurohomonal control of prolactin release was studied in pseudopregnant and pregnant rats. Nembutal administered at 1300 hours on Day 3 of pseudopregnancy prevented prolactin release which normally occurred at 1700 hours of the same day. Antiestrogen administered the day before did not prevent prolactin release but ovariectomy did. Estrogen administered immediately after ovariectomy did not restore prolactin secretion; however, progesterone on Day 3 in the ovariectomized-estrogen treated induced an increase in prolactin at 1700 hours. Progesterone was capable of increasing prolactin release the first 5 days of pseudopregnancy but not Days 6-12 when prolactin values were low. A similar effect was seen the first 7 days of pregnancy. Progesterone, but not estrogen, modified prolactin values on Day 9 at 1700 hours. Ovariectomy on Day 19 of pregnancy induced prolactin release within 4 hours and persisted for 58 hours. Progesterone administration immediately after ovariectomy prevented prolactin release for a few hours. These results suggest that the regulation of prolactin release by the central nervous system depends on the circulating estrogen/progesterone ratio, since estrogen facilitated prolactin release when plasma progesterone was low and progesterone induced prolactin release when adequated levels of estrogen existed, but exerted an inhibitory action when estrogen was not present.^ieng
Assuntos
Estrogênios/farmacologia , Ovário/fisiologia , Hipófise/metabolismo , Progesterona/farmacologia , Prolactina/metabolismo , Prostaglandinas/farmacologia , Animais , Castração , Feminino , Gravidez , Prolactina/sangue , Pseudogravidez , Ratos , Estimulação Química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
PIP: 55 patients under clomiphene treatment were studied during 149 cycles. In addition to the usual tests and controls, the authors made a basal temperature curve, took samples of cervical mucus and performed vaginal cytology tests, and calculated the average duration of the cycle. The cycle study based on the Sims Huhner test was also performed on 13 patients. Changes in the results of the tests were found to be related to the dosage and, above all, to the date on which treatment is started. Knowing the changes that occur in the cervical mucus and basal temperature, these 2 tests helped in detecting ovulation. Postcoital cervical sperm penetration improved 1 week after taking the last tablet. The duration of the menstrual cycle increased while taking the drug, and this prolongation of the cycle increased as the drug was administered at a later stage. With respect to vaginal cytology, it is necessary to know the changes that occur in order to interpret the findings correctly; vaginal cytology studies are unreliable in determining the occurrence and especially the probable date of ovulation.^ieng