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Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) is a common form of non-scaring hair loss that occurs in adult women. Although several treatments have already been proposed for FPHL, only Topical Minoxidil accumulated an adequate level of evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic response of MMP® (intradermal infiltration) of Minoxidil formulation in the frontal-parietal-vertex regions compared with the gold-standard home administration of Minoxidil 5% Capillary Solution. This self-controlled comparative study evaluated 16 FPHL patients, without treatment for at least 6 months, confirmed by trichoscopy with TrichoLAB® software. They received 4 monthly sessions of MMP® with Minoxidil 0,5% on the right side of the scalp (frontal-parietal-vertex areas), followed by occlusion with plastic film for 12 h and prescription of Minoxidil 5% Solution for home use once a day, on both scalp sides, starting 72 h after the procedure. The reassessment trichoscopy was 6 weeks after the last session and they answered a "self-assessment" questionnaire. Treated scalp areas were compared and showed both treatments, in general, were effective, with no difference between them. If they were analyzed separately by treated areas, there were signs of better response in the parietal-vertex regions with treatment by MMP® with Minoxidil, while clinical treatment indicated a better response in the other regions. When patients were divided into more and less advanced cases, a better response in parietal-vertex regions treated by MMP® with Minoxidil in less advanced patients was confirmed. MMP® with Minoxidil showed a better response in the parietal-vertex regions in less advanced FPHL patients. It represents yet another resource to improve quality of life of these suffering patients.

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Abstract Female androgenetic alopecia or female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) is highly prevalent and has a great impact on the quality of life. The treatment is a routine challenge in dermatological practice, as many therapeutic options have a limited level of evidence and often do not meet patients expectations. Lack of knowledge of the pathogenesis of the hair miniaturization process and the factors that regulate follicular morphogenesis restricts the prospect of innovative therapies. There is also a lack of randomized, controlled studies with longitudinal follow-up, using objective outcomes and exploring the performance of the available treatments and their combinations. Topical minoxidil, which has been used to treat female pattern hair loss since the 1990s, is the only medication that has a high level of evidence and remains the first choice. However, about 40% of patients do not show improvement with this treatment. In this article, the authors critically discuss the main clinical and surgical therapeutic alternatives for FPHL, as well as present camouflage methods that can be used in more extensive or unresponsive cases.

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Female androgenetic alopecia or female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) is highly prevalent and has a great impact on the quality of life. The treatment is a routine challenge in dermatological practice, as many therapeutic options have a limited level of evidence and often do not meet patients expectations. Lack of knowledge of the pathogenesis of the hair miniaturization process and the factors that regulate follicular morphogenesis restricts the prospect of innovative therapies. There is also a lack of randomized, controlled studies with longitudinal follow-up, using objective outcomes and exploring the performance of the available treatments and their combinations. Topical minoxidil, which has been used to treat female pattern hair loss since the 1990s, is the only medication that has a high level of evidence and remains the first choice. However, about 40% of patients do not show improvement with this treatment. In this article, the authors critically discuss the main clinical and surgical therapeutic alternatives for FPHL, as well as present camouflage methods that can be used in more extensive or unresponsive cases.

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Scalp microinfusion is a promising novel drug delivery technique for hair loss treatment. We discuss the MMP® technique and review its possible use in alopecias. MMP® technique provides a small amount of drugs delivered homogeneously into the skin combined with micro-needling and can, therefore, provide optimal delivery. However, literature on this technique is limited to a few case reports despite its wide use in some countries. Further studies are needed to standardize protocols.

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Background: The Women's Androgenetic Alopecia Quality of Life (WAA-QoL) questionnaire is the only available specific instrument to evaluate QoL in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) patients. It is made of 16 questions with 6 alternatives, is self-administered, and has not yet been adapted or validated to Spanish. Objectives: The objective of the study was to translate into Spanish, culturally adapt, and validate the WAA-QoL questionnaire. Methods: The translated version (WAA-QoL-sp) was submitted to 453 general population women by e-mail after authorization by the author, translation, and adaptation to Spanish of the WAA-QoL questionnaire. Results: A total of 453 women were evaluated; the median age was 39 years, and there was high internal consistency: Cronbach's alpha was 0.969 for the WAA-QoL-sp. Study Limitations: Sampling of subjects was from diverse Spanish-speaking countries (such as Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Cuba, and Spain) but not from all Spanish-speaking countries. Conclusions: A Spanish version of the WAA-QoL questionnaire was translated and adapted, which proved to be consistent and a valid tool for assessment of FPHL.

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OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the efficacy of using autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in female pattern alopecia (FPA). BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia is the leading cause of hair loss in men andwomen and often impacts self-esteem and quality of life. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EMBASE up to May 2021. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: We identified all studies evaluating the effect of PRP in FPA. A narrative synthesis was performed from data on the efficacy of PRP treatment and adverse effects; quantitative results of PRP use compared to control treatment for female androgenetic alopecia (AGA) were synthesized. The outcomes analyzed were terminal density and hair thickness. RESULTS: Seven articles were selected for this review. Meta-analysis showed that PRP-based interventions were able to increase terminal hair density compared to control (standardized mean difference (SMD)=2.98, 95% confidence intervals (CIs)=1.10, 4.85), with no significant increase in hair thickness (SMD = 1.16, 95% CI= -0.96, 3.28). During and after treatment, no major side effects were reported by patients or researchers. CONCLUSIONS: The use of autologous PRP injections in female AGA seems to be promising, with more consistent results on terminal hair density. However, caution is recommended in the interpretation of these results until they can be replicated in larger and more representative samples. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021257154.

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BACKGROUND: Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) is one of the most common types of hair loss in women. It is characterized by progressive follicular miniaturization leading to diffuse hair thinning over the midfrontal scalp with a negative impact on quality of life. Pharmacological treatments are commonly used, and hair follicle transplantation is an option for those cases with adequate donor area. Minimally invasive procedures, such as microneedling, mesotherapy, microinfusion of drugs into the scalp with tattoo machines (MMP®), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have been reported as adjuvant treatments. AIMS: This study aims to summarize and discuss the efficacy of minimally invasive procedures described for the management of FPHL. METHODS: Published articles indexed on the Pubmed database and Scopus that described minimally invasive procedures for the management of FPHL in humans were considered. Citations were reviewed and added for completeness. The search was for articles in English only. After excluding duplicate titles, 23 relevant articles were considered. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive procedures are promising options and may play a role in FPHL treatment. They can be used as adjunctive therapy for FPHL, in case of poor response to clinical therapy, or when patients prefer other care than the standard. We reinforce that these methods should be performed by an experienced medical professional following strict aseptic techniques. However, microneedling, mesotherapy, MMP, and PRP lack standardization and are supported by a low level of evidence yet. For the future, larger randomized clinical trials are essential to determine the efficacy and optimal protocols for these treatments.

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Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common form of alopecia in women. FPHL may compromise body image and strongly affect self-esteem, negatively impacting quality of life. Currently, the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for its treatment is topical minoxidil, with a variable response rate. Recently, a few studies in FPHL have pointed out bicalutamide as an emergent selective androgen receptor antagonist with a favorable safety and tolerability profile. This review aimed to summarize and discuss the key information on this new therapy for FPHL. Bicalutamide has no diuretic effect. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it has little effect on serum luteinizing hormone. Additionally, bicalutamide was found to be effective on women presenting with other features of hyperandrogenism such as seborrhea, acne, and hirsutism with mild and well-tolerated adverse effects. Despite the high prevalence and psychosocial impairment, FPHL treatment remains challenging. Therefore, although future prospective, comparative, randomized clinical trials are essential to establish the ideal dose and efficacy of the drug, oral bicalutamide appears to be a promising option to expand the arsenal of FPHL treatment.

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BACKGROUND: Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a non-scarring hair disease characterized by progressive hair diminishment and decrease of its density. Although typical cases of FPHL are usually straightforward to diagnose, its initial forms can be unrecognized and often need the use of other diagnostic methods. OBJECTIVE: To describe the accuracy of a diagnosis of FPHL based on clinical grounds and videodermoscopy compared with scalp biopsy. METHODS: An observational diagnostic test study was performed. Scalp biopsies were read by the same dermatopathologist and processed horizontally to allow follicle's number and size evaluation. Digital videodermoscopy was also performed. RESULTS: A total of 202 patients were enrolled, but only 35 women were assessed with digital videodermoscopy. When clinical diagnosis was compared to scalp biopsy, a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and a negative predictive value (NPV), of 77% %, 72.4%, 82.2%; and 65.5%, were respectively obtained. Videodermoscopy showed a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 88.9%, 100%, 100%, and 72.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided valuable information on the accuracy of clinical examination of FPHL, showed the usefulness of videodermoscopy as a method that in the future may replace scalp biopsy for its diagnosis, or also could aid patient´s follow-up.

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INTRODUCTION: Hair shedding is a common consequence of the normal hair cycle that changes with internal and external factors. Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is difficult to assess in terms of shedding severity as the conscious perception of hair shedding varies according to each individual, and most utilized methods are semi-invasive or very time consuming. In this study, we establish and validate a hair-shedding scale for women with thick hair of different lengths. METHODS: A visual analog scale was developed for thick hair of short, medium, and long lengths by dividing a bundle of hairs of each length into nine piles of increasing hair amount that were then photographed and arranged in order of size. Twenty women with no FPHL with each length of hair (60 total) were asked to select the photographed hair bundle that best correlated with the amount of hair they shed on an average day. A total of 94 women with FPHL with excessive shedding were then asked to repeat the same process. RESULTS: Women with no FPHL and short, medium and long hair had mean shedding scores of 2.5, 2.35 and 2.4, respectively. Women with FPHL and short, medium and long hair had mean shedding scores of 7.25, 7.0 and 7.14, respectively. Statistically significant Spearman's ρ coefficient and κ coefficient demonstrated correlation and inter-observer reliability. CONCLUSION: Our results show that women with FPHL not only shed considerable hair more than women with no FPHL, but that this hair-shedding visual scale is a fast and effective method of evaluating hair-shedding amounts in an office setting.

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Diffuse hair loss in women causes a significant impact on quality of life, reduces self-esteem, and increases stress. One of the major challenges when evaluating patients with diffuse hair loss is to determine whether you are dealing with either female pattern alopecia, telogen effluvium, or both, as they can coexist. Establishing the correct diagnosis is mandatory for optimal patient care. This article will highlight how to distinguish between and properly manage these 2 conditions.

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La alopecia de patrón femenino es un problema clínico cada día más frecuente en las mujeres. El cuadro clínico de la alopecia androgenética femenina (FAGA) típica comienza con una específica “pérdida difusa de cabellos de las regiones parietal y frontovertical respetando la línea de implantación frontal”. Ludwig llamó a este proceso “rarefacción”. En la clasificación de Ludwig se describieron tres grados o tipos progresivos de FAGA. Grado I o mínimo, grado II o moderado y grado III o intenso. Ludwig también describió la alopecia androgenética femenina de patrón masculino que debe ser subclasificada de acuerdo con la graduación de Ebling; es decir, FAGA.M desde grado I a V. Generalmente se observa en mujeres con nivelesde testosterona elevados o con hipersensibilidad del órgano diana a esta hormona. La FAGA.M puede observarse en cuatro situaciones: síndrome de persistencia de la adrenarquía, alopecia por tumor suprarrenal u ovárico, alopecia posmenopáusica y alopecia involutiva. Hay otras propuestas de clasificación como la Olsen que considera la alopecia de patrón femenino de dos tipos: de comienzo precoz o tardío y cada unode ellos con o sin exceso de andrógenos. El diagnóstico debe efectuarse con la historia clínica, exploración con el “signo del arrancamiento”, signo de la tracción”, trichoscan®, tricoscopía, test del lavado y tricograma, y con test bioquímicos, especialmente determinaciones androgénicas. Como en el varón, la alopecia femenina causa importantes problemas psicológicosa la mujer, siendo la depresión el síntoma más constante. Con frecuencia se asocia a efluvio telogénico crónico y alopecia frontal fibrosante.

Female pattern hair loss is a clinical problem which every day is more common in women. The clinical picture of typical female androgenetic alopecia (FAGA) begins with a specific “diffuse loss of hair from the parietal or frontovertical areas with an intact frontal hair implantation line”. Ludwig called this process “rarefaction”. In the Ludwig’s classification three degrees or progressive type of FAGA were described: grade I or minimal, grade II or moderate and grade III or severe. Ludwig also described female androgenetic alopecia of male pattern that should be sub- classified according to Ebling’s degrees; that is to say, FAGA.M from grade I to V. It is usually seen in women with increased testosterone levels, or with a hypersensitivity of the target organ to this hormone. FAGA.M may be present in four situations: persistence adrenarche syndrome, alopecia due to an adrenal or an ovarian tumor, post-hysterectomy and as an involutive alopecia. There were other proposal of classification as the most recent Olsen’s classification of female pattern hair loss (FPHL) with two types: of early and late onset and in each one with or without androgens excess. Diagnosis must be made by clinical history, clinical examination with the “pull-out sign”, “tug sign”, trichoscan®, trichoscopy, wash test and trichograms and laboratory test, especially androgenic determinations. FPHL causes important psychological problems in women, being depression the most constant symptom. Frequently, FPHL is associated with chronic telogen effluvium and frontal fibrosing alopecia.

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