RESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as implicações sobre o bem-estar animal e a eficiência da sangria no abate halal com e sem insensibilização em ovinos. Foram avaliados 102 ovinos, em abate comercial, separados randomicamente pelo peso em dois grupos: com insensibilização (CI) e sem insensibilização (SI). Verificou-se que os animais sem insensibilização apresentaram sinais de endireitamento e vocalização após 20 segundos da degola. Houve diferença significativa para hemácias (P<0,01), hemoglobina (P<0,01), leucócitos totais (P<0,001), bem como para os biomarcadores de estresse, como CK (P<0,01) e lactato (P<0,001). Apesar de não apresentarem diferença estatística significativa, o LDH e o cortisol ficaram acima dos valores basais em ambos os grupos. Não foram observadas alterações séricas para glicose e AST. Houve diferença estatística significativa para eficiência da sangria (P<0,01). Os resultados demonstraram que houve estresse no abate halal com e sem insensibilização e melhor eficiência da sangria em animais não insensibilizados.(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the implications on animal welfare and the sangria efficiency in halal slaugther with and without stunning in sheep. 102 sheep were appraised in a commercial slaugthter, divided randomly for the weight in two groups: with stunning (CI) and without stunning (SI). It was verified that the animals without stunning presented straighten signs and vocalization after 20 seconds of decapitation. There was significant difference for erythrocytes (P<0.05), hemoglobin (P<0.01), leucocytes (P<0.01), stress of biomarkers CK (P<0.01) and lactate (P<0.01). Alterations in serum were not observed for glucose and AST. There was significant statistical difference for bleeding efficiency (P<0.01). The results demonstrated that there was stress in the halal slaugther with and without stunning and better bleeding efficiency in animals with traditional religious slaughter without stunning.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Hidrocortisona/administração & dosagem , Ovinos , Exsanguinação/veterinária , Abate de Animais/métodos , Abate de Animais/ética , Bem-Estar do Animal/ética , IslamismoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: determinar o índice de trauma cardíaco fatal na cidade de Manaus e esclarecer os mecanismos de trauma e de morte, o tratamento hospitalar prévio, assim como as lesões associadas ao trauma cardíaco. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo, observacional, transversal, que revisou os laudos de necropsias do Instituto Médico Legal de Manaus entre novembro de 2015 e outubro de 2016, cuja causa mortis foi lesão cardíaca. Resultados: o índice de trauma cardíaco foi de 5,98% (138 casos) dentre 2306 necropsias realizadas no período do estudo. Homens foram afetados em 92%. A mediana de idade foi de 27 anos (14 a 83). A arma de fogo foi o mecanismo de trauma em 62,3% e a arma branca em 29,7%. A exsanguinação foi responsável pela maioria das mortes e o tamponamento cardíaco esteve presente em segundo lugar. Óbito no local ocorreu em 86,2%. Os ventrículos foram as câmaras mais lesionadas. O hemotórax foi descrito em 90,6%. Apenas 23 (16,7%) doentes foram removidos até o pronto socorro, porém seis deles (26,2%) não foram submetidos à toracotomia, apenas à drenagem de tórax. O pulmão foi acometido em 57% unilateralmente e 43% bilateralmente. Conclusão: o trauma cardíaco fatal representou um índice de 5,98% na cidade de Manaus. A maioria dos doentes morre na cena do trauma, geralmente devido à exsanguinação causada por ferimento de arma de fogo. Cerca de um quarto dos pacientes que chegaram ao pronto socorro e morreram, não foram diagnosticados com trauma cardíaco em tempo hábil.
ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the frequency of fatal cardiac trauma in the city of Manaus, Brazil, between November 2015 and October 2016, and to clarify the mechanisms of trauma and death, previous hospital treatment, as well as the injuries associated with cardiac trauma. Methods: retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study, which reviewed the necropsy reports of individuals whose cause of death was cardiac injury. Results: the cardiac trauma rate was of 5.98% (138 cases) out of 2,306 necropsies performed in the study period by Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Manaus (IML is a Brazilian institute responsible for necropsies and cadaveric reports). Males accounted for 92% of the cases. The median age was 27 years (14-83). Gunshot wounds (GSW) was the trauma mechanism in 62.3% and stab wound (SW) in 29.7%. Exsanguination was responsible for most of the deaths and cardiac tamponade was present in second place. On-site death occurred in 86.2% of the cases. The ventricles were the most common site of cardiac injury. Hemothorax was identified in 90.6% of the individuals. Only 23 patients (16.7%) were taken to the hospital (Emergency Room), but six (26.2%) were submitted only to chest drainage, not to thoracotomy. The lung was unilaterally affected in 57% of the cases and bilaterally in 43%. Conclusion: fatal cardiac trauma represented an index of 5.98% in the city of Manaus. Most patients die at the scene of the trauma, usually due to exsanguination caused by gunshot wound. About a quarter of patients who reached the hospital and died were not diagnosed with cardiac trauma in time.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Traumatismos Torácicos/mortalidade , Tamponamento Cardíaco/mortalidade , Exsanguinação/mortalidade , Traumatismos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Traumatismos Torácicos/classificação , Traumatismos Torácicos/etiologia , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/mortalidade , Ferimentos Perfurantes/mortalidade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/etiologia , Índices de Gravidade do Trauma , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Exsanguinação/etiologia , Traumatismos Cardíacos/classificação , Traumatismos Cardíacos/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Background: Ailments that affect guttural pouches (GPs) include congenital malformations, tumors, and, especially, infections. Clinical signs of disorders of the GPs are not always specific, and include nasal secretion, epistaxis, and enlargement of regional lymph nodes. Deficient diagnosis and treatment tend to limit life expectancy. Some cases can lead to terminal exsanguination due to progression of the disorder if not diagnosed or if treatment fails. Unusual presentations may occur, and these cases require knowledge for prompt action and determination of the prognosis. The objective of this work is to report one of these unusual cases: epistaxis caused by rupture of the GP by a pharyngeal abscess.Case: A 6-year-old mare was presented for examination exhibiting purulent nasal secretion that had been ongoing for approximately 45 days (which had been treated as strangles for 7 days) and intermittent epistaxis for the past 20 days. When the mare was taken to the Veterinary Hospital, it also exhibited dysphagia with purulent nasal secretion mixed with the ingested food, a body condition score of 3/9, wheezing, mild ataxia, anemia (2.8 million RBCs/mm3 ; hematocrit = 14%), leukopenia (4,600 WBCs/mm3), and hyperfibrinogenemia (600 mg/dL). Upper airway endoscopy revealed presence of blood in the anterior third of the trachea, a blood clot in the left GP, and absence of bacterial of fungal plaques. Analysis of the bloody material collected from the GP showed presence of cocci bacteria and neutrophils. The treatment initially implemented was antibiotic therapy with enrofloxacin. Epistaxis worsened on the day following admission. Blood transfusion was carried out, but this procedure was not effective as profuse acute hemorrhage took place and led to death of the patient 48 h after admission. At necropsy, the left GP was laden with blood clots and serous/bloody content, and exhibited a circular/cylindrical lesion in its retropharyngeal portion.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cavalos , Epistaxe/etiologia , Epistaxe/veterinária , Faringe/patologia , Abscesso/veterinária , Exsanguinação/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Ailments that affect guttural pouches (GPs) include congenital malformations, tumors, and, especially, infections. Clinical signs of disorders of the GPs are not always specific, and include nasal secretion, epistaxis, and enlargement of regional lymph nodes. Deficient diagnosis and treatment tend to limit life expectancy. Some cases can lead to terminal exsanguination due to progression of the disorder if not diagnosed or if treatment fails. Unusual presentations may occur, and these cases require knowledge for prompt action and determination of the prognosis. The objective of this work is to report one of these unusual cases: epistaxis caused by rupture of the GP by a pharyngeal abscess.Case: A 6-year-old mare was presented for examination exhibiting purulent nasal secretion that had been ongoing for approximately 45 days (which had been treated as strangles for 7 days) and intermittent epistaxis for the past 20 days. When the mare was taken to the Veterinary Hospital, it also exhibited dysphagia with purulent nasal secretion mixed with the ingested food, a body condition score of 3/9, wheezing, mild ataxia, anemia (2.8 million RBCs/mm3 ; hematocrit = 14%), leukopenia (4,600 WBCs/mm3), and hyperfibrinogenemia (600 mg/dL). Upper airway endoscopy revealed presence of blood in the anterior third of the trachea, a blood clot in the left GP, and absence of bacterial of fungal plaques. Analysis of the bloody material collected from the GP showed presence of cocci bacteria and neutrophils. The treatment initially implemented was antibiotic therapy with enrofloxacin. Epistaxis worsened on the day following admission. Blood transfusion was carried out, but this procedure was not effective as profuse acute hemorrhage took place and led to death of the patient 48 h after admission. At necropsy, the left GP was laden with blood clots and serous/bloody content, and exhibited a circular/cylindrical lesion in its retropharyngeal portion.[...]
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Abscesso/veterinária , Cavalos , Epistaxe/etiologia , Epistaxe/veterinária , Faringe/patologia , Exsanguinação/veterináriaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las fístulas aortobronquiales son una causa muy infrecuente de hemoptisis masiva. Se asocia a la presencia de un aneurisma aórtico, y su evolución es siempre letal sin un tratamiento oportuno. El objetivo es presentar un caso de fístula aortobronquial y la revisión de bibliografía respectiva. Presentación del caso: Paciente de género femenino, de 76 años, hipertensa y diabética, sin otros antecedentes mórbidos. Ingresó al Servicio de Urgencia por hemoptisis posterior a caída a nivel. La radiografía de tórax mostró imagen hiperdensa en vértice pulmonar izquierdo, asociada a desviación mediastínica contralateral. Evolucionó con episodio de hemoptisis masiva el cual fue tratado satisfactoriamente con reposición de volumen y transfusión de hemoderivados. La tomografía computada de tórax con contraste mostró aneurisma de aorta torácica, de diámetro máximo de 10,8 cm...
INTRODUCTION: Aortobronchial fistula is a very rare cause of massive hemoptysis. It is associated with the presence of an aortic aneurysm and its evolution is always fatal without prompt treatment. The objective is to present a case of aortobronchial fistula and to review the respective literature. Case Report: A 76 years old woman, hypertensive and diabetic, no other known morbid history. She was admitted to emergency room with mild hemoptysis after a fall. Chest X-ray showed hyperdense image in the left lung apex, associated with contralateral mediastinal shift. She was treated with antibiotics and antitussives. She evolved with an episode of massive hemoptysis which was successfully treated with fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion. Chest computed tomography showed large thoracic aortic aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 10.8 cm
Assuntos
Humanos , Aneurisma Aórtico , Aneurisma Aórtico/complicações , Fístula Vascular , Fístula Vascular/complicações , Hemoptise/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Fístula Brônquica , Fístula Brônquica/complicações , Evolução FatalRESUMO
Es indudable que en los últimos años ha mejorado significativamente los sistemas de medicina prehospitalaria. Este logro, ha creado nuevos desafíos: ahora llegan a los hospitales pacientes que anteriormente fallecían en la escena del accidente. Son pacientes que han experimentado traumatismos de alta energía, presentando lesiones de mayor complejidad; desarrollando un deterioro fisiológico más profundo. El abordaje quirúrgico clásico de estos pacientes, con cirugía en un solo tiempo, para controlar la hemorragia, contaminación y la reparación completa de todas las lesiones, se asocia a una elevada mortalidad. Ya que se puede presentar severas anormalidades metabólicas, desencadenando la llamada ®tríada mortal¼, compuesta por: a) hipotermia, b) coagulopatía y c) acidosis. Si estas alteraciones no son controladas adecuadamente, pueden llevar a la muerte. Este enfoque ha permitido el surgimiento de la ®cirugía de control de daños¼; que tiene como objetivo esencial la restauración de la fisiología por encima de la anatomía.
No doubt in the last years pre-hospital medicine systems have improved significantly. This achievement has created new challenges: to hospitals now come patients that formerly died in the accident scene. They are patients that have had high energy traumas, showing more complex injuries, and developing deeper physiological deterioration. The classic surgical approach with these patients, with one time surgery, to control haemorrhage, contamination and complete repair of all injuries, is associated to a high mortality rate. Since severe metabolic abnormalities can be present liberating the so called mortal triad, which is composed by: a) hypothermia, b) coagulopathy, and c) acidosis. If these alterations are not appropriately controlled, can lead to death. This approach has allowed the arising of damage control surgery which essential objective is the recovery of the physiology above the anatomy.
Assuntos
Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada , Hipotermia , Cetose , Traumatismo Múltiplo/terapia , Hemorragia , Assistência Pré-Hospitalar , ChoqueRESUMO
Humane slaughter can be defined as the set of technical and scientific procedures that assure the animals welfare from loading the trucks in the farm until the exsanguination in the slaughterhouse. Animals should be slaughtered without unnecessary suffering and humane conditions should prevail at all times during the pre-slaughter management. Animal stunning is considered to be the most critical operation during slaughter as animals should be unconscious until the end of exsanguination, preventing suffering and assuring an efficient blood loss. This article presents aspects related to ante-mortem processing such as transport, pen management, stunning and exsanguination methods and their effect on animal welfare and meat quality.
Abate humanitário pode ser definido como o conjunto de procedimentos técnicos e científicos que garantem o bem-estar dos animais desde o embarque na propriedade rural até a operação de sangria no matadouro-frigorífico. O abate de animais deve ser realizado sem sofrimentos desnecessários. As condições humanitárias devem prevalecer em todos os momentos precedentes ao abate. A insensibilização de animais é considerada a operação mais crítica durante o abate de bovinos. Tem por objetivo colocar o animal em estado de inconsciência, que perdure até o fim da sangria, não causando sofrimento desnecessário e promovendo uma sangria tão completa quanto possível. Neste artigo são abordados os temas referentes às operações ante-mortem, como transporte, manejo nos currais e operações de insensibilização e sangria e seus efeitos no bem-estar animal e na qualidade da carne.
RESUMO
Humane slaughter can be defined as the set of technical and scientific procedures that assure the animals welfare from loading the trucks in the farm until the exsanguination in the slaughterhouse. Animals should be slaughtered without unnecessary suffering and humane conditions should prevail at all times during the pre-slaughter management. Animal stunning is considered to be the most critical operation during slaughter as animals should be unconscious until the end of exsanguination, preventing suffering and assuring an efficient blood loss. This article presents aspects related to ante-mortem processing such as transport, pen management, stunning and exsanguination methods and their effect on animal welfare and meat quality.
Abate humanitário pode ser definido como o conjunto de procedimentos técnicos e científicos que garantem o bem-estar dos animais desde o embarque na propriedade rural até a operação de sangria no matadouro-frigorífico. O abate de animais deve ser realizado sem sofrimentos desnecessários. As condições humanitárias devem prevalecer em todos os momentos precedentes ao abate. A insensibilização de animais é considerada a operação mais crítica durante o abate de bovinos. Tem por objetivo colocar o animal em estado de inconsciência, que perdure até o fim da sangria, não causando sofrimento desnecessário e promovendo uma sangria tão completa quanto possível. Neste artigo são abordados os temas referentes às operações ante-mortem, como transporte, manejo nos currais e operações de insensibilização e sangria e seus efeitos no bem-estar animal e na qualidade da carne.