RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Almost at the end of 2022, the world is experiencing a relative calm after the rigors imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowing the ideas, feelings and procedures used by people in this type of unexpected events, which exceeded all established standards of educational and health actions, can help us be prepared for the possible occurrence of similar events. This study aims to determine the main alternative conceptions that pre-service teachers hold about the pandemic and the post-pandemic within the framework of the four basic pillars of Education. METHODS: A case study was conducted using an ethnographic approach. The unit of analysis was made up of 227 students from the major of Primary Education at Universidad Técnica del Norte. Two research instruments were used to collect the data: a test for verbal associations where participants can express themselves freely with hierarchical, substitution and connotative evocations; and Specialized Analytical Summary sheets to revise and organize specialized scientific texts. The data was analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software. RESULTS: At first glance, what was expressed in the two contexts, both in the pandemic and in the post-pandemic, show a similar structure; however, a deeper analysis reveals different perspectives. CONCLUSIONS: In the end, the alternative conceptions moved from expressing fear to tranquility.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Rapid research is essential to assess impacts in communities affected by disasters, particularly those communities made "hard-to-reach" due to their active marginalization across history and in contemporary practices. In this article, we describe two rapid research projects developed to assess needs for and experiences of communities hard-hit by disasters. The first is a project on the COVID-19 pandemic in southern New Mexico (USA) that was developed to provide information to local agencies that are deploying programs to rebuild and revitalize marginalized communities. The second is a project on population displacement due to a volcanic eruption in Vanuatu, a lower-middle income country in the South Pacific, with mental and physical health outcomes data shared with the Vanuatu Ministry of Health. We describe the similar and unique challenges that arose doing rapid research in these two different contexts, the potential broader impacts of the research, and a synthesis of lessons learned. We discuss the challenges of rapidly changing rules and regulations, lack of baseline data, lack of survey instruments validated for specific populations and in local languages, limited availability of community partners, finding funding for rapid deployment of projects, rapidly training and working with research assistants, health and safety concerns of researchers and participants, and communicating with local and international partners. We also specifically discuss how we addressed our own personal challenges while also conducting time-intensive rapid research. In both studies, researchers shared results with governmental and non-governmental partners who may use the data to inform the design of their own relief programs. While different in context, type of disaster, and research strategy, our discussion of these projects provides insights into common lessons learned for working with communities at elevated risk for the worst outcomes during disasters, such as the need for flexibility, compromise, and good working relationships with community partners.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Health providers are under unprecedented pressures to perform in the COVID-19 health crisis and under unprecedented risks. We initiated a large mixed-method survey of health professionals in five large metropolitan areas in Brazil to document the risks and needs of health professionals. To initiate the study, we conducted formative research. METHODS: We conducted 77 open-ended semi-structured interviews online in a convenience sample of physicians, nurses, nurse technicians, and physiotherapists in Belem, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife, and São Paulo, Brazil. Design, data collection, and analysis were informed by Rapid Ethnographic Analysis (REA). RESULTS: Responses are organized into three themes that emerged in the interviews: the lack of preparation - both locally and nationally-for the pandemic and its effects on staffing and training; the overlap of personal, family, and professional risk and consequences; and inadequately addressed anxiety and suffering among health staff. CONCLUSIONS: Our respondents were unprepared for the epidemic, especially the institutional sequelae and psychological cost. These consequences were exacerbated by both lack of leadership and sweeping changes undercutting the Brazilian health system noted by almost all participants.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Caregiver-infant interactions in Western middle class often take place in dyadic play settings, engaged in infant-initiated object stimulation, and surrounded by a positive emotional tone, reflecting a distal parenting style. With this study we aim to investigate whether the same conception of caregiver-infant interaction is embodied in the proximal parenting style. For this purpose, we compare the context and pattern of caregiver-infant interactions in two cultural groups in Costa Rica: Urban middle-class families in San José and rural indigenous Bribri families. Naturalistic observations and caregiver interviews revealed significant differences between the groups, with San José families resembling the Western middle-class interaction pattern. Among the Bribris, adult-child play is uncommon so that children interact with adults in primary care settings and with older siblings in play settings. Bribri interactions are further characterized by emotional neutrality. The groups did not differ in terms of body contact. Also, caregivers in both samples took the lead in interactions more often than infants. The results are discussed in the context of an autonomous-relational style as combining psychological autonomy and hierarchical relatedness. We argue that early childhood theories and intervention programs need to abandon the assumption that Western middle-class strategies are universal and recognize locally relevant patterns of caregiver-infant interaction.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: se ha reportado que la prevalencia de artritis reumatoidea (AR) en la comunidad Wichí representa la más alta informada por el Grupo Latinoamericano para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Reumáticas en los Pueblos Originarios (GLADERPO). El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la experiencia sobre el proceso de salud-enfermedad-atención de pacientes con AR de la comunidad Wichí de Misión Chaqueña "El Algarrobal", Salta. Materiales y métodos: estudio narrativo. Diseño de corte etnográfico. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observaciones registradas. Se utilizaron guías de entrevistas y observación. Los aspectos incluidos fueron: concepción del proceso salud-enfermedad, percepción de la AR en la vida diaria, el acceso al sistema de salud, utilización de recursos tradicionales y de medicina tradicional. Resultados: se realizaron 10 entrevistas. Los aspectos más relevantes fueron la concepción del proceso salud-enfermedad asociado al trauma social pasado y al concepto de voluntad Wichí. Se evidenció la combinación de estrategias para mejorar el dolor (biomedicina, medicina tradicional y acompañamiento religioso). Además, se observó una relación unidireccional con el sistema de salud. Conclusiones: la AR es una enfermedad con un impacto negativo en la comunidad Wichí. Se requieren otras actividades, desde otras disciplinas, para mejorar el acceso al sistema de salud y la continuidad de los tratamientos.

Introduction: the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Wichí community has already been published, representing the highest reported by the Grupo Latinoamericano para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Reumáticas en los Pueblos Originarios (GLADERPO). The objective was to describe the experience of the health-disease-care process of patients with RA from the Wichí community of Misión Chaqueña "El Algarrobal", Salta. Materials and methods: study with ethnographic design. Semi-structured interviews and recorded observations were conducted. Interview and observation guides were used. The aspects included were: conception of the health-disease process; perception of RA in daily life, access to the health system, use of traditional resources and traditional medicine. Results: ten interviews were conducted. The most relevant aspects were the conception of the health-disease process, associated with past social trauma and the concept of "Wichí good will". The combination of strategies to improve pain (biomedicine, traditional medicine and religious accompaniment) was evidenced. In addition, a unidirectional relationship with the health system was observed. Conclusions: RA is a disease with a negative impact on the Wichí community. Other activities from other disciplines are necessary to improve access to the health system and continuity of treatment.

RESUMO

This meta-ethnography had the objectives of identifying, evaluating, and summarizing the findings of qualitative studies regarding the suffering experiences of people undergoing chemotherapy, as well as developing an explanatory conceptual structure regarding what affects these experiences. A systematic literature review was carried out, covering the past 10 years, in the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, Medline, LILACS and Scopus. By using meta-ethnographic synthesis methods, the following themes were found: the pain of loss; evaluating, measuring, and neutralizing the threat; and social contours of suffering. The experience of living with cancer and undergoing chemotherapy was synthesized into a theoretical-explanatory model with a structure that resembles barbed-wire loops. The model expresses people's suffering experiences as marked by the feeling of loss, restraint of emotions, and resilience. While transcendent movements broke the cycle of suffering, resilience emerged as a learning experience that made patients more resistant to the pain of loss. The results indicated a complex and diverse set of factors that influence suffering, which confirmed that experiences are individual, comprehensive, and continuously reinterpreted.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the Dominican Republic, a recent outbreak of malaria in the capital, Santo Domingo, threatens efforts to eliminate the disease. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been proposed as one strategy to reduce transmission. The success of MDA is contingent upon high levels of acceptance among the target population. To inform the design of future MDA campaigns, this rapid ethnographic assessment examined malaria-related knowledge and attitudes toward malaria MDA among residents of a transmission focus in Santo Domingo. METHODS: In October 2019, a rapid ethnographic assessment was conducted in the Los Tres Brazos transmission focus, which had not previously received MDA. National malaria programme staff conducted 61 structured interviews with key informants, recorded observations, and held 72 informal conversations. Using a grounded theory approach, data were analysed during three workshop sessions with research team members. RESULTS: Among those who had heard of malaria in the structured interviews (n = 39/61; 64%), understanding of the disease was largely based on personal experience from past outbreaks or through word-of-mouth. Community health workers (promotores) were trusted for health information and malaria diagnosis more so than professional clinicians. No participant (0%) was familiar with malaria MDA. After learning about MDA, almost all study participants (92%) said that they would participate, seeing it as a way to care for their community. Reasons for not participating in future MDA included not trusting drug administrators, feeling reluctant to take unprescribed medicine, and fear of missing work. Additional identified challenges to MDA included reaching specific demographic groups, disseminating effective MDA campaign messages, and managing misinformation and political influence. CONCLUSION: Residents appear accepting of MDA despite a lack of prior familiarity. Successful MDA will depend on several factors: fostering relationships among community-based health workers, clinicians, community leaders, and others; developing clear health messages that use local terms and spreading them through a variety of media and social networks; and contextualizing MDA as part of a broader effort to promote community health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo Este artigo é uma narrativa pessoal de um drama familiar representado na sequência da morte do meu irmão, decorrente de um acidente de avião. Histórias "verdadeiras" como essa se encaixam no espaço entre ficção e ciências sociais, juntando escrita etnográfica e literária, e compreensão autobiográfica e sociológica. Meu objetivo é reposicionar os leitores em relação aos outros autores de textos de ciências sociais, reconhecendo o potencial para leituras opcionais e encorajando os leitores a "experienciarem uma experiência" que pode revelar não apenas como foi para mim, mas como poderia ser ou foi também para eles alguma vez. Esta forma experimental permite a pesquisadores e leitores reconhecerem e darem voz às suas próprias experiências emocionais e incentiva sujeitos etnográficos (coautores) a reivindicarem e escreverem suas próprias vidas.

Abstract: This article is a personal narrative of a family drama enacted in the aftermath of my brother's death in an airplane crash. "True" stories such as this fit in the space between fiction and social science, joining ethnographic and literary writing, and auto-biographical and sociological understanding. My goal is to reposition readers vis a vis authors of texts os social science by acknowledging potential for optional readings and encouraging readers to "experience and experience" that can reveal not only how it was for me, but how it could be or once was for them. This experimental form permits researchers and readers to acknowledge and give voice to their own emotional experiences and encourages ethnographic subjects (co-authors) to reclaim and white their own lives.

Resumen: Este artículo es la narración personal del drama familiar ocurrido tras la muerte de mi hermano en un accidente aéreo. Historias "verdaderas" como esta se encajan en el limite de la ficción y las ciencias sociales, uniendo escritura etnográfica y literaria, y la comprensión autobiográfica y sociológica. Mi objetivo es reposicionar a los lectores en relación con los demás autores de textos de ciencias sociales, reconociendo el potencial de la lectura opcional y animar a los lectores a "experimentar una experiencia" que pueda revelar no solo cómo fue para mí, sino también como podría haber sido para ellos. Esta forma experimental permite a los investigadores y lectores reconocer y expresar sus propias experiencias emocionales y anima a los sujetos etnográficos (coautores) a reclamar y escribir sus propias vidas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

HIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men and transwomen in Latin America. Globally, efforts to map, enumerate, and describe male and transwomen sex workers (MTSWs) are limited. We mapped and described venue- and non-venue-based MTSWs and enumerated venuebased MTSWs in Lima, Peru's capital. With venue-based MTSWs, we identified and described the venues, SWs, and clients and enumerated the SWs. With non-venue-based MTSWs, we described SW offerings and SWs. Male SWs (MSWs) are concentrated downtown, with many moving online. Transwomen SWs (TSWs) are spread across metropolitan Lima, with fewer online. At venues, there are more TSWs than MSWs, TSWs reported more HIV and sexual risk behaviors, and MSWs had more female partners. Non-venue-based MSWs used condoms less than venue-based MSWs. Results support systematic efforts to describe hard-to-reach MTSWs and their different types of partners, all of whom have unique, differing needs for HIV/ STI education, prevention, testing, and care services.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Obesity is an enduring global health challenge. Researchers have struggled to understand the barriers and facilitators of weight loss. Using a cross-cultural comparative approach, we move away from a barriers approach to analyze obesity and overweight through the lens of social visibility to understand the persistent failure of most obesity interventions. Drawing on ethnographic data from Cuba and Samoa collected between 2010 and 2017, we argue that social visibility is a framework for analyzing some of the reasons why people do not participate in weight management programs when they have high rates of health literacy and access to free or low-cost programming. Comparing these two places with very different histories of obesity interventions, we trace how weight management practices make people socially visible (in positive and negative ways), specifically analyzing how gender and economic inequalities shape the sociality of obesity. Our findings show that regardless of barriers and facilitators of weight loss at an individual and population level, the ways weight loss activities are incorporated into or conflict with the social dynamics of everyday life can have a profound effect on weight management. Employing visibility as a analytic framework de-individualizes weight responsibility, providing a contextual way to understand the difficulties people face when they manage their weight.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Widespread use of antibiotics is of concern due to the selection for resistant bacterial strains, which render life-saving antimicrobials ineffective. Smallholders in rural Guatemala rely on human antibiotics to treat their poultry, and in this article, I aim to understand why they do so. I incorporate Ethnographic Decision Modeling (EDM) to understand treatment behaviors. Results indicate that access and affordability in opportunity costs are barriers to seeking veterinary medicines for poultry. Access to veterinary medicine and education campaigns on poultry health are necessary to support the appropriate use of antimicrobials for backyard poultry.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este artículo analiza problemas asociados a un estudio cualitativo de orientación etnográfica que explora el fenómeno de las medicinas no-convencionales en contextos hospitalarios en Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). En diálogo con la literatura académica que explora los desafíos metodológicos, éticos y políticos de hacer etnografía en el ámbito sanitario, el artículo se divide en dos apartados: (1) uno que explora las dificultades asociadas al acceso; y (2) otro que analiza las dificultades que se desprenden del carácter sensible y marginal del tema a investigar. Se constata que las características del proceso de construcción del conocimiento no son extrañas a las relaciones de poder que atraviesan el campo a ser abordadas, y que las dinámicas sociales generadas en hospitales exigen respuestas negociadas y flexibles por parte del investigador.(AU)

The present article addresses the issues faced in a qualitative ethnographic study that explores the phenomenon of nonconventional medicine in hospital environments in Buenos Aires (Argentina). While dialoguing with the academic literature that explores the methodological, ethical and political challenges of ethnography in the health field, the article is divided into two sections: 1) an exploration of the difficulties associated with access; and 2) an analysis of the barriers that result from the sensitive and marginal nature of the investigated phenomenon. The characteristics of the knowledge construction process are not unassociated from the power relations that involve the investigated field, and that the social dynamics generated in hospitals requires negotiated and flexible responses from the researcher.(AU)

Este artigo discute os problemas encontrados em um estudo qualitativo de orientação etnográfica que explora o fenômeno das medicinas não-convencionais em ambientes hospitalares, em Buenos Aires (Argentina). Em diálogo com a literatura acadêmica que explora os desafios metodológicos, éticos e políticos da etnografia no campo da saúde, o artigo é dividido em duas seções: (1) uma que explora as dificuldades associadas ao acesso; e (2) outro que analise as dificuldades que surgem da natureza sensível e marginal do fenômeno a ser investigado. Observa-se o fato de que as características do processo de construção do conhecimento não são estranhas às relações de poder que atravessam o campo a serem abordadas, e que a dinâmica social gerada nos hospitais exige respostas negociadas e flexíveis pelo pesquisador.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo debater alguns efeitos do uso do referencial teórico-metodológico da etnografia em pesquisas de psicologia social, especialmente a etnografia multissituada. Para isso, toma o caso de uma pesquisa de doutorado desenvolvida nessa interface e discute parte de seus problemas e imprevistos, bem como as escolhas e recursos utilizados para enfrentá-los. Também procura apresentar os critérios que orientaram o desenho da pesquisa de modo geral.

Résumé L'article vise à discuter des effets de l'utilisation du référentielle théorique-méthodologique de l'ethnographie dans la recherche sur la psychologie sociale, en particulier l'ethnographie multi-située. Pour ce faire, on prend le cas d'une recherche doctorale développé dans cette interface et on discute une partie de leurs problèmes et inattendue, aussi que les choix et les ressources utilisées pour y remédier. Elle vise également à présenter les critères qui ont guidé le dessin de la recherche d'un mode générale.

Resumen El artículo tiene por objetivo debatir algunos efectos del uso del referencial teórico-metodológico de la etnografía en investigaciones de psicología social, en especial, la etnografía multilocal. Para ello, toma el caso de una investigación de doctorado desarrollada en dicha interfaz y discute parte de sus problemas e imprevistos, como también las opciones y recursos utilizados para enfrentarlos. También busca presentar los criterios que orientaron el diseño de la investigación de manera general.

Abstract The article aims to discuss some effects of the use of the ethnography theoretical-methodological reference in social psychology research, especially the multi-sited ethnography. For this purpose, it takes the case of a doctoral research developed in this interface and discusses some of their issues and contretemps, as well as the choices and resources used to address them. It also seeks to present the criteria that guided the research design in general terms.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen La antropología visual, como metodología de investigación, es válida en las ciencias sociales. Se destaca así, en este método, el proceso participativo y colaborativo devenido de la experiencia de trabajo etnográfico colectivo y audiovisual. Se desarrolla esta propuesta metodológica en el estudio de un caso concreto: los "pileros" afrodescendientes; obreros que trabajan en la construcción de pilas de cimentación, un oficio racia lizado, realizado por afrodescendientes de la ciudad de Medellín.

Abstract Visual anthropology, as a research methodology, is valid in the social sciences. In this method, which became the experience of the collective and audiovisual ethnographic work, the participatory and collaborative process is highlighted. This methodological proposal is developed in a concrete case study: the Afro-descendant "pileros;" who are workers who work in the construction of caissons. It is a racialized trade, carried out by people of African descent in the city of Medellín.

RESUMO

Este artigo investiga as relações estabelecidas pelas crianças do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamen-tal com as rotinas escolares. Para tanto, caracterizou-se como um estudo etnográfico, com a permanência dos pesquisadores em campo, de março a dezembro de 2014. Utiliza como fon-tes o registro em diário de campo elaborado a partir da observação em diferentes lugares da escola (entrada, aula em sala e aula de Educação Física). Os dados apontam que as crianças se apropriam da culturaescolar para tensionar as rotinas, atendendo a seus desejos e necessida-des, produzindo diferentes sentidos (AU).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este artigo discute a aproximação entre os métodos de produção de um documentário cinematográfico e de uma pesquisa em psicologia social de cunho etnográfico e como estas duas formas de elaboração de saberes podem se constituir mutuamente. A partir da experiência de realizar uma pesquisa etnográfica paralelamente à produção de um documentário, o texto problematiza os posicionamentos políticos, éticos e estéticos que as produções desses dois campos implicam. É analisado como foi o ingresso no campo de pesquisa, as condições de produção das imagens e a montagem do documentário e do texto da pesquisa ­ momentos esses que dão visibilidade ao modo como a etnografia e o cinema documentário podem se encontrar no processo de imersão em um campo a ser pesquisado. A discussão da experiência vivida em ambos os processos dialoga com teóricos da antropologia, como José Magnani e Massimo Canevacci, e com a perspectiva de cinema documentário do teórico francês Jean-Louis Comolli e Eduardo Coutinho. Essas abordagens teóricas possibilitaram fundamentar a aproximação e o intercâmbio proposto entre uma produção artística e outra acadêmica, bem como afirmar a potência das imagens para a pesquisa.

This article is about an approach between the methods of a documentary film's production and an ethnographic research, and how these two forms of intellectual production can work together. Starting from an ethnographic research that occurred inside a documentary production, the text discuss the political, ethics and aesthetics characteristics involved in this two process. It told us how was the work in with the field, the conditions of the image's production and the film editing of the documentary - moments that gives a view about how ethnographic research and documentary film can have similar ways in their course. The field experience dialogue with the theory of anthropologists like José Magnani and Massimo Canevacci and with the cinema's theorists Jean-Louis Comolli and Eduardo Coutinho. This theories help us to see how possible is the approach and the reciprocity between an artistic and an academic production.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Understanding social conditions prior to intervention design can enhance tobacco control interventions. This paper describes formative research conducted in 2010 about tobacco use in eight economically disadvantaged Dominican Republic communities, four of which participated in a previous intervention study (2003-2008). A combined US-Dominican team used a rapid assessment process to collect qualitative social and cultural data on tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes; plus observations about social and policy factors, such as exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), tobacco regulations, pregnancy, health care provider (HCP) practices and sustainability of the 2003-2008 intervention. This assessment found that tobacco use varied by age. While all ages typically used cigarettes, older adults used relatively more unprocessed tobacco, which is seen as less harmful and less addictive. Middle-aged smokers typically used commercial cigarettes, which are viewed as dangerous, addictive, expensive and offensive. Young adults reported avoiding smoking, but using relatively more smokeless tobacco. Smoking during pregnancy has reportedly decreased. SHS was viewed as harmful, although smoke-free homes were uncommon. HCPs discussed tobacco issues mostly for patients with tobacco-related conditions. Sustainability of the 2003-2008 intervention appeared to be linked to active Community Technology Centers with strong leadership, and community social capital. This information could be used to design better targeted interventions in these communities.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introduction Latina mothers play a central role in raising and socializing their children; however, few studies have examined the cultural, socio-cognitive and neighborhood-related variables influencing the level of communication between Puerto Rican mothers and their children about sexuality and sexual health. This cross-sectional study sought to examine these influences. Methods Puerto Rican mothers with children aged 10-19 years (n = 193) were selected randomly for an ethnographic interview as part of a community participatory action research project in a U.S. urban northeastern community. Results Bivariate analyses found statistically significant associations between the child's age (p = 0.002), the mother's past communication about traditional gender role norms of women (marianismo) (p < 0.001), her positive outcome expectations for communications with her child (p < 0.025), and her perceptions of the physical condition (p < 0.001) and sexual health problems (p = 0.047) in the neighborhood. In a multivariate model, all of these variables remained significant except sexual health problems, and mother's attitudes toward the obligations of children to parents (familismo) emerged as a factor associated with a decrease in the number of sexual health topics that mothers raised with their children. No significant effects were found for mother's spiritual and religious experience (religiosidad). Discussion Our study highlights the importance of marianismo as a framework within which Puerto Rican mothers communicate sexual health information as well as the need to improve mothers' confidence discussing sexual health issues with their children. Future public health interventions to promote communication about sexuality and sexual health among Puerto Rican mothers should consider addressing this issue as a part of comprehensive neighborhood improvement projects.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This article is the result of research based on the human and social sciences aiming to understand the everyday life of crack users in the center of Porto Alegre city. Participant observations and informal interviews were conducted to characterize users, the forms and effects of drug use, the disease and health process in their daily life and their survival strategies. The daily life of the place studied is connected to the history of degradation of the city's central area, currently marked by attempts to control and arrange the urban space. Most users were males, lived on the streets, had transmitted diseases and a compulsive pattern of crack use linked to the economic and social precariousness of their lives, although crack users have been observed who are capable of controlling their relationship with the drug, employing strategies of self-control and survival.

Este artigo é resultado de uma investigação que, com base no campo das ciências humanas e sociais aplicadas à saúde, visou compreender o cotidiano de usuários de crack na região central da cidade de Porto Alegre. Foram realizadas observações participantes e entrevistas informais para caracterizar os usuários, as formas e efeitos do uso de drogas, o processo saúde-doença em seu cotidiano e suas estratégias de sobrevivência. O cotidiano do local pesquisado liga-se à história de degradação da região central da cidade, marcada atualmente por tentativas de controle e ordenação do espaço urbano. A maioria dos usuários era do sexo masculino, estava em situação de rua, apresentava doenças transmissíveis e um padrão de uso compulsivo de crack, que se articulavam à precariedade econômica e social de suas vidas, embora tenham sido observados usuários capazes de controlar sua relação com o uso de substâncias psicoativas, empregando estratégias de autocontrole e de sobrevivência.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen:

Objetivo: este texto tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre el aporte de la antropología como recurso para analizar, evaluar y explicar la visión de los actores sociales/sujetos de cuidado en situación de exclusión social. Metodología: la metodología es cualitativa de tipo etnográfica, focalizada en la entrevista etnográfica. Resultados: se observa que un gesto, una mentira, una sonrisa encubren sufrimientos y relaciones de poder que se ponen en contexto, pues operan en procesos transaccionales que muchas veces pasan inadvertidos y sostienen la exclusión social en salud. De este modo, se descubren representaciones y prácticas encarnados en una mujer/madre que como sujeto de cuidado visibiliza una realidad sociocultural e histórica individual y colectiva no homogénea. Discusión: la herramienta metodológica empleada es apropiada para analizar el funcionamiento de las políticas públicas y para promover el autocuidado de los sujetos, a partir del sentido dado a las significaciones y prácticas en salud.

Assuntos