RESUMO

Consolation has been observed in several species, including marmoset monkeys, but it is often unclear to what extent they are empathy-based. Marmosets perform well in at least two of three components of empathy-based consolation, namely understanding others and prosociality, but it is unknown to what extent they show matching with others. We, therefore, tested whether non-aroused individuals would become aroused themselves when encountering an aroused group member (indicated by piloerection of the tail). We found a robust contagion effect: group members were more likely to show piloerection themselves after having encountered an aroused versus relaxed conspecific. Moreover, group members offered consolation behaviours (affiliative approaches) towards the aroused fellow group members rather than the latter requesting it. Importantly, this pattern was shown by both aroused and non-aroused individuals, which suggests that they did not do this to reduce their own arousal but rather to console the individual in distress. We conclude that marmosets have all three components of empathy-based consolation. These results are in line with observations in another cooperative breeder, the prairie vole.

RESUMO

Abstract Background False memories are memories of events that never occurred or that occurred, but not exactly as we recall. Events with emotional content are subject to false memories production similar to neutral events. However, individual differences, such as the level of maladjustment and emotional instability characteristics of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), may interfere in the production of false memories. Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of emotion in memory performance for an event witnessed by participants with and without SAD. Methods Participants were 61 young adults with SAD and 76 without any symptoms of SAD who were randomly assigned to watch a story with or without emotional arousal. Participants answered a subjective scale of emotion about the story and a recognition memory test. Results Participants with SAD recovered more true memories and more false memories for the non-emotional version compared to the emotional version of the story. Overall, participants with SAD produced fewer false memories compared to those without SAD. Discussion This finding suggests that social anxiety may have a significant impact on emotional memory accuracy, which may assist in the development and improvement of techniques for therapeutic intervention.

RESUMO

Os estudos de memória emocional para eventos complexos sugerem que o alerta aumenta o desempenho da memória de longo prazo para informações centrais e periféricas. No entanto, poucos estudos investigaram o efeito do alerta nas distorções mnemônicas. No intuito de investigar a relação entre o alerta e as memórias verdadeiras e falsas para informações centrais e periféricas, um teste de reconhecimento foi desenvolvido. O teste foi baseado na adaptação brasileira do Procedimento de Apresentação de Slides de Cahill e McGaugh (1995). O teste foi respondido por 168 estudantes universitários uma semana depois de assistirem ou a versão neutra ou a estimulante do Procedimento. A versão estimulante foi responsável pelo aumento da recuperação de informações verdadeiras periféricas e falsas centrais.

Studies on emotional memory for complex events suggest that arousal enhances long-term memory for central and peripheral information. Few studies, however, have addressed arousal effect on memory distortion. Aiming to investigate the relationship between arousal and true/false memories for central and peripheral information, a recognition test was developed. The test was supported by the Brazilian adaptation of the Cahill and McGaugh's (1995) slideshow procedure. The test was answered by 168 university students one week after they had watched either the low or the high emotional arousal version of the procedure. The arousal version of the story was responsible for better memory retrieval of true peripheral information and false central information.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Os estudos de memória emocional para eventos complexos sugerem que o alerta aumenta o desempenho da memória de longo prazo para informações centrais e periféricas. No entanto, poucos estudos investigaram o efeito do alerta nas distorções mnemônicas. No intuito de investigar a relação entre o alerta e as memórias verdadeiras e falsas para informações centrais e periféricas, um teste de reconhecimento foi desenvolvido. O teste foi baseado na adaptação brasileira do Procedimento de Apresentação de Slides de Cahill e McGaugh (1995). O teste foi respondido por 168 estudantes universitários uma semana depois de assistirem ou a versão neutra ou a estimulante do Procedimento. A versão estimulante foi responsável pelo aumento da recuperação de informações verdadeiras periféricas e falsas centrais.(AU)

Studies on emotional memory for complex events suggest that arousal enhances long-term memory for central and peripheral information. Few studies, however, have addressed arousal effect on memory distortion. Aiming to investigate the relationship between arousal and true/false memories for central and peripheral information, a recognition test was developed. The test was supported by the Brazilian adaptation of the Cahill and McGaugh's (1995) slideshow procedure. The test was answered by 168 university students one week after they had watched either the low or the high emotional arousal version of the procedure. The arousal version of the story was responsible for better memory retrieval of true peripheral information and false central information.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: Diferentes niveles de “alertamiento” emocional pueden favorecer la potenciación o el deterioro de la memoria. El impacto emocional en personas víctimas del desplazamiento en Colombia puede constituirse en un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). Objetivo: Evaluar la memoria emocional de sujetos en condición de desplazamiento por la violencia con y sin diagnóstico positivo para el TEPT. Método: Muestra de 95 voluntarios en condición de desplazamiento del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga (18 a 61 años), a quienes se les aplicaron los instrumentos de diagnóstico para TEPT (DSM IV, Checklist) y una prueba auditivo-visual de memoria emocional. Los participantes fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: sujetos con TEPT y sujetos sin TEPT. Ambos grupos fueron redistribuidos en cuatro subgrupos según la versión neutra y emocional de la prueba auditivo-visual. Resultados: El grupo de participantes clasificado con TEPT atribuyó Una mayor ponderación a la historia emocional, pero su contenido “alertador” no potenció la memoria de estos participantes. Conclusión: El contenido “alertante” de la prueba auditivo visual no potenció la memoria de aquellos sujetos diagnosticados con TEPT, lo cual sugiere que estos participantes pueden presentar un deterioro de las potencialidades mnemónicas dado por las limitaciones funcionales que involucran los procesos de reforzamiento emocional...

Introduction: Different levels of emotional arousal can potentiate or impair memory. Since the emotional impact on victims of displacement in Colombia may constitute a risk factor for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the objective of this study was to evaluate emotional memory of people displaced by violence with and without PTSD. Method: The sample consisted of 95 volunteers in condition of displacement of the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga (18 to 61 years old), to whom an instrument for the diagnosis of PTSD (DSM IV, Checklist) and An audio-visual Emotional Memory Test were applied. The participants were distributed into two groups: Subjects with and without PTSD. Both groups were redistributed into four subgroups according with the emotional or neutral version of the emotional memory test. Results: The group of participants with PTSD attributed an emotional rate higher to the emotional story than to the neutral story, but the emotional arousal content did not potentiate the memory of these participants. Conclusion: The emotional contents implemented in this emotional memory test did not potentiate the memory of subjects diagnosed with PTSD. Based on this, it could be that these participants present a deterioration of the mnemonic potential given by the functional limitations that involve the processes of emotional reinforcement...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Adolescent brain development seems to be important for the maturation of brain structures and behavior. Intermittent binge ethanol drinking is common among adolescents, and this type of drinking can induce brain damage and cognitive deficits. In addition, emotional changes are frequently seen in alcoholics and rodents treated with ethanol. Considering the close relation between emotional arousal and cognitive responses, the present work investigates if intermittent ethanol binge exposure could differentially alter the performance of adolescent rats in aversive and non-aversive motivated tests. Male adolescent rats were submitted to ethanol treatment (2.5 or 5.0 g/Kg, o.a.) at 48-h intervals over postnatal day (PND) 30 to 60. Control animals were exposed to a similar administration protocol with saline administration. At PND61-PND63 animals were submitted to one-trial object recognition or contextual and tone fear conditioning paradigms. Binge ethanol drinking (at both 2.5 and 5.0 g/Kg) did not change freezing response in the contextual and tone fear conditioning. However, all doses impaired recognition rates 24h after training in object recognition test. In addition, despite a diminution of horizontal locomotion in the open field (only for the 5.0 g/Kg dose), no difference was detected regarding time in immobility, time in grooming and number of rearing in this paradigm. The present results show that the cognitive impairment resulting from intermittent binge ethanol exposure has a negative correlation with learning-associated emotional arousal.

Assuntos