RESUMO
The sequential fractionation by supercritical-CO2 (SC-CO2) was applied to obtain fractions enriched in bioactive compounds of pomegranate peel, and we investigated if pomegranate peel extract and fractions would be effective to inhibit lipid and protein oxidation, and discolouration of bluefish patties stored at 4 °C for 9 days, after UV-C irradiation. The non-fractionated SC-CO2 extract from pomegranate peel was rich in phenolic compounds, mainly ellagitannins, besides, it possessed lipophilic compounds such as tocopherols and ß-carotene. These compounds were successfully separated by the fractionation protocols, in a lipid fraction concentrated in lipophilic compounds, and one or two fractions enriched with phenolic compounds, especially ellagitannins. The lipid fraction and the high phenolics fraction from pomegranate peel were then as effective as the synthetic antioxidant BHT in avoiding bluefish patties oxidation during refrigerated storage. Our data indicates that pomegranate peel fractions could be used to replace a synthetic antioxidant in fish meat.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/química , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Produtos Pesqueiros , Perciformes , Punica granatum/química , Animais , Antioxidantes/análise , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Cor , Proteínas de Peixes da Dieta/química , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Frutas/química , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/análise , Lipídeos/química , Oxirredução , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Tocoferóis/análise , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
This work aimed to contribute to the nutritional and functional characterization of roasted baru nuts, a seed widely consumed and produced in Brazil. Baru nut was characterized in terms of its nutritional value and volatile composition (SPME-GC-MS analysis). The ultrasound assisted extraction was used to extract free and bound phenolic compounds that were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method. Bioactivity assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity (ORAC and HOSC assay) and anticancer effect (inhibition of HT29 cell growth and targeting of cancer stemness) of baru nut extracts and phenolic compounds. Results showed that baru is a good source of protein and monounsaturated fatty acids, specifically oleic acid (47.20 g/100 g). The predominant volatile compounds are hexanal (71.18%) and 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine (9.43%). The main phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid and its derivatives, such as gallic acid esters and gallotannins. Among all, gallic acid and methyl gallate seemed to be the main compounds responsible for the high antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative effect evaluated of baru extracts in HT29 cell line showed ability to impair cell growth in both monolayer and spheroid cultures and to reduce ALDH+ population. These results supply new information about the functional compounds presents in baru nut, which are important sources of natural antioxidants and antiproliferative compounds.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Dipteryx/química , Valor Nutritivo , Nozes/química , Fenóis/análise , Brasil , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Gálico/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Células HT29 , Humanos , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
Brazilian native fruits (BNF) remain unexplored and underutilized resources with a high potential to improve human health and wellness. In our study, five new BNF (Eugenia stipitata, Sageretia elegans, Byrsonima arthropoda, Spondias mombin andRubus rosaefolius)were evaluated for their phenolic composition by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS; and for their ROS and RNS scavenging effects (ROO, O2-, NO, HOCl); in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (neutrophil migration); and in vivo acute toxicity in Galleria mellonella. Eighty-six phenolic compounds were identified, including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and ellagitannins, several of which had never been reported in BNF. The BNF exhibited high antioxidant effects against biologically relevant radicals, and treated animals showed decreased neutrophil influx and NF-kB activation. Thus, these BNF are good sources of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules that can be beneficial for human health as functional foods. Based on their bioactivity, they can be considered as new Brazilian superfruits.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Antocianinas/análise , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida , Ácidos Cumáricos/análise , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacologia , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Alimento Funcional , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/análise , Taninos Hidrolisáveis/farmacologia , Hidroxibenzoatos/análise , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacologia , Lepidópteros/efeitos dos fármacos , Lepidópteros/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) is considered a "super fruit" due to its remarkable phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Despite the great potential of its peels, to our knowledge the investigation of novel nanostructured systems with this natural raw material, still considered an industrial residue, is scarce. The present study aimed to obtain nanodispersions with its peel's extract through a low energy method. Antioxidant assays were performed, showing positive results for DPPH (IC50â¯=â¯0.89⯵g/mL) and FRAP (225.53⯵mol equivalent ferrous sulphate/g). The chemical characterization in terms of flavonoids (2.56%) and total monomeric anthocyanins (0.80%) contents were also performed. Overall, the nanodispersion prepared with the non-ionic surfactant polysorbate 85 and the hydroalcoholic extract standardized in ellagic acid (129⯵g/mL) presented the best properties regarding particle size distribution and zeta potential. Thus, it opens perspectives for the generation of novel food-grade nanodispersions through an ecofriendly approach that is in accordance to sustainable concepts.
Assuntos
Myrtaceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Antocianinas/análise , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácido Elágico/química , Flavonoides/análise , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Myrtaceae/metabolismo , Nanotecnologia , Tamanho da Partícula , Polissorbatos/químicaRESUMO
In this study, the profile of the bioactive compounds of sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis Cambess) and its by-products have been investigated. The phenolic profile by LC-ESI-MS/MS, the total phenolic content, the condensed tannins and the antioxidant activity of the sapucaia nut and shell were determined. 14 phenolic compounds were identified in the sapucaia nut extract, primarily phenolic acids and flavonoids. Catechin, epicatechin, myricetin, ellagic acid and ferulic acid presented significant correlation to the antioxidant activity. The sapucaia shell contained 22 phenolic compounds, 13 of which were quantified. The sapucaia shell extract showed a high content of total phenolic compounds, a high condensed tannins content, and high antioxidant activity. The higher antioxidant activity of the shell can be associated with a higher content of phenolics. Overall, it can be concluded that the sapucaia nut is a raw material rich in phenolic compounds that present high antioxidant activity. The nuts and the cake may be used as a promising raw material for the food industry, while the shells could be an alternative source of natural antioxidants. Further use in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry may also be envisaged.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Lecythidaceae/química , Nozes/química , Fenóis/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with statistical tools (factorial design, response surface methodology and kinetics) were used to evaluate the effects of the experimental conditions of temperature, solid-to-solvent ratio, ethanol concentration and time for the extraction of the total phenolic content from pecan nut shells. The optimal conditions for the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract (with 20% v/v of ethanol) were 60 and 80⯰C; solid to solvent ratio of 30â¯mL·g-1 (for both) and extraction time of 35 and 25â¯min, respectively. Using these optimize extraction conditions, 426 and 582â¯mgâ¯GAE·g-1 of phenolic compounds, from the aqueous and hydroalcoholic phases respectively, were obtained. In addition, the analysis of the phenolic compounds using the LC-ESI-MS/MS system allowed the identification of 29 phenolic compounds, 24 of which had not been reported in literature for this raw material yet.
Assuntos
Carya/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Nozes/química , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Ultrassom , Cinética , Modelos Estatísticos , Solventes/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
Brazilian berries present great nutritional, functional and economic characteristics comparable to temperate berries. They constitute an important innovation domain for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, due to their positive health effects and market potential. The main objective of this review was to describe the physicochemical, nutritional and biological aspects of six Brazilian small native wild fruits from the Arecaceae (açaí, buriti and pupunha), Mirtaceae (camu-camu and jaboticaba) and Malpighiaceae (murici) families, highlighting their antioxidant, anti-lipidaemic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antigenotoxic potential among others. It also discussed some relevant topics for new studies that could be of benefit to industry and improve the local economy where these fruits are found. Thus, the dissemination of the works already carried out with these fruits strategically relevant can stimulate new lines of research to consolidate this new field for the food industries.
Assuntos
Arecaceae/química , Suplementos Nutricionais , Frutas/química , Malpighiaceae/química , Myrtaceae/química , Valor Nutritivo , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Arecaceae/efeitos adversos , Brasil , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Frutas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Malpighiaceae/efeitos adversos , Myrtaceae/efeitos adversos , Preparações de Plantas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Scutia buxifolia is a native tree of Southern Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina, which is popularly known as "coronilha" and it is used as a cardiotonic, antihypertensive and diuretic substance. The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark Scutia buxifolia in male and female mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The toxicity studies were based on the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD-guidelines 423 and 407). In an acute study, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of Scutia buxifolia was administered orally to male and female mice. Mortality, behavioral changes, and biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. In the sub-acute study, Scutia buxifolia was administered orally to male and female mice at doses of 100, 200, and 400mg/kg/day for 28 days. Behavioral changes and biochemical, hematological, and histological analysis were evaluated. RESULTS: The acute administration of Scutia buxifolia did not cause changes in behavior or mortality. Male and female mice presented decreased levels of platelets. Female mice presented decreased levels of leukocytes. On the other hand, in a sub-acute toxicity study, we observed no behavioral changes in male or female mice. Our results demonstrated a reduction in glucose levels in male mice treated to 200 and 400mg/kg of Scutia buxifolia. Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) activity was increased by Scutia buxifolia at 400mg/kg in male mice. In relation to the hematological parameters, male mice presented a reduction in hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) when treated to 400mg/kg of plant fraction. Female mice showed no change in these parameters. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed slight abnormalities that were consistent with the biochemical variations observed. CONCLUSION: Scutia buxifolia, after acute administration, may be classified as safe (category 5), according to the OECD guide. However, the alterations observed, after sub-acute administration with high doses of ethyl acetate fraction from the stem bark Scutia buxifolia, suggest that repeated administration of this fraction plant can cause adverse hepatic, renal, and hematological effects.