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ABSTRACT Introduction: Time series studies related to blood donor candidates and blood donations are rare in Brazil. Population aging suggests a better understanding of the context related to blood donor candidates and blood donations performed. Objective: The monthly series of candidates eligible to donate blood and actual donations between 2005 and 2019 at the Hemominas Foundation, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were described and analyzed. Methods: Ten time series were constructed of blood donor candidates and blood donations. Each series covered the period from January 2005 to December 2019. The stationarity of the series was verified by the unit root test; the data distribution, by the Shapiro-Wilk test; the trend, by the Cox-Stuart test, and; the seasonality, by the Fisher's test (significance levels of 10% for the first test and 5% for the last three). Results: All series were identified as non-stationary and presented trend and seasonality components. The rate of blood donor candidates and the rate of blood donations performed evidenced a positive upward trend until the last two-year analysis, when a drop occurred, from 1.75% and 1.42% in 2017 to 1.64% and 1.35% in 2019, respectively. The rate of blood donations trended downward, from 0.054% in 2005 to 0.046% in 2019. The proportion of unsuitable or unretained candidates reduced. Conclusion: The study emphasized the need to stimulate blood donation by specific groups and increase ways to reduce the demand for blood components through the implementation of programs that expand alternatives to blood transfusions.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Doação de Sangue , Fatores de Tempo , Interpretação Estatística de DadosRESUMO
SUMMARY: During the Covid-19 pandemic that has marked the last years, while governments tried to control the spread of the virus, many-body donation programs were suspended due to difficulties that could potentially be encountered. Given the low body donation acceptance rates during this period, through this study we aimed to evaluate academics' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in cadaver acceptance and embalming practices during the pandemic. The research population of th estudy consisted of the faculty of 112 universities in Turkey who taught in under graduate and graduate programs in the Anatomy Department in 2020. An electronic questionnaire of 24 items, including demographic data, was distributed to the participants' official e-mail addresses. In addition, support was received from the Turkish Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy Society, whose members were also approached through their official group e-mail accounts. Answers were collected from 78 (39 %) out of 200 academics. The findings of the study were under 5 headings (ınformation about cadaver donation and ımported cadavers, attitude towards ımportation of cadavers and acceptance of body donations, precautions against contagion in ımportation of cadavers and acceptance of body donations and thoughts on their adequacy, considerations for adoption of cadavers for post-graduation education, advice on avoiding contagion in cadaver embalming) were collected and analyzed. The study high lights the importance of cadaver acceptance and embalming practices for medical education to minimally continue in the post-pandemic period. It can also serve as a reference for being cautious when faced with similar situations in the future.
RESUMEN: Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha marcado los últimos años, mientras los gobiernos intentaban controlar la propagación del virus, muchos programas de donación de cuerpos fueron suspendidos por las dificultades que se podían encontrar. Dadas las bajas tasas de aceptación de la donación de cuerpos durante este período, a través de este estudio buscamos evaluar el conocimiento, las actitudes y los comportamientos de los académicos en la aceptación de cadáveres y las prácticas de embalsamamiento durante la pandemia. El estudio se realizó el año 2020 en los programas de pregrado y posgrado de los Departamentos de Anatomía de 112 universidades de Turquía. Se distribuyó un cuestionario electrónico de 24 ítems, incluidos datos demográficos, a los participantes por correo electrónico oficial. Además, se recibió el apoyo de la Sociedad Turca de Anatomía y Anatomía Clínica, cuyos miembros también fueron contactados a través de las cuentas de correo electrónico de su grupo oficial. Se recopilaron respuestas de 78 (39 %) de 200 académicos. Los hallazgos del estudio se ubicaron en 5 encabezados (información sobre donación de cadáveres y cadáveres importados, actitud hacia la importación de cadáveres y aceptación de donaciones de cuerpos, precauciones contra el contagio en la importación de cadáveres y aceptación de donaciones de cuerpos y opiniones sobre su idoneidad, consideraciones para la adopción de cadáveres para la educación de posgrado y consejos para evitar el contagio en el embalsamamiento de cadáveres). El estudio destaca la importancia de la aceptación de cadáveres y las prácticas de embalsamamiento para que la educación médica continúe mínimamente en el período posterior a la pandemia. También puede servir como referencia para tenerse presente ante situaciones similares en el futuro.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Cadáver , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Corpo Humano , Docentes/psicologia , COVID-19 , Anatomia/educação , Turquia , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Embalsamamento , Anatomistas/psicologia , PandemiasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Time series studies related to blood donor candidates and blood donations are rare in Brazil. Population aging suggests a better understanding of the context related to blood donor candidates and blood donations performed. OBJECTIVE: The monthly series of candidates eligible to donate blood and actual donations between 2005 and 2019 at the Hemominas Foundation, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were described and analyzed. METHODS: Ten time series were constructed of blood donor candidates and blood donations. Each series covered the period from January 2005 to December 2019. The stationarity of the series was verified by the unit root test; the data distribution, by the Shapiro-Wilk test; the trend, by the Cox-Stuart test, and; the seasonality, by the Fisher's test (significance levels of 10% for the first test and 5% for the last three). RESULTS: All series were identified as non-stationary and presented trend and seasonality components. The rate of blood donor candidates and the rate of blood donations performed evidenced a positive upward trend until the last two-year analysis, when a drop occurred, from 1.75% and 1.42% in 2017 to 1.64% and 1.35% in 2019, respectively. The rate of blood donations trended downward, from 0.054% in 2005 to 0.046% in 2019. The proportion of unsuitable or unretained candidates reduced. CONCLUSION: The study emphasized the need to stimulate blood donation by specific groups and increase ways to reduce the demand for blood components through the implementation of programs that expand alternatives to blood transfusions.
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Hemotherapy services play a key role in attracting donors and providing safe blood to the population. The apher-esis platelet collection procedure is a relatively simple, safe and important procedure for increasing the stocks of these services. However, the recruitment and retention of these donors still represent a major challenge. Objec-tive: Evaluating the profile of donors of blood components by apheresis in the Transfusion Unit of Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital - UFAL, as well as knowing the hematological parameters pre- and post-donation, the occurrence of the main adverse events related to the procedure and the difficulties faced by the donor. Method:This was a cross-sectional observational study. We analyzed a total of 160 forms of apheresis donors from March 2017 to June 2018. The data were tabulated using the Excel program, and then analyzed in order to determine the objectives. Results: Most donors were male (93.13%), aged between 25 and 40 years (48.75%) and brown (25.62%). There was a slight prevalence of singles (49.37%) and 73.75% were from Maceió. The most prevalent ABO and Rh phenotyping was O+ (39.3%). Most of the procedures were simple platelet collection (75.60%) and the occurrence of adverse events during donations was 30.63%. Conclusion: Evaluation of apheresis donor profile and the knowledge of the possible side effects related to the procedure provided a better understanding of this type of donation and may improve the capture and retention processes of these individuals, minimizing the effects of lack of blood for Alagoana population. (AU)
Os serviços de hemoterapia desempenham um papel fundamental na atração de doadores e no fornecimento de sangue seguro à população. No entanto, o recrutamento e a retenção desses doadores ainda representam um gran-de desafio. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil dos doadores de hemocomponentes por aférese na Unidade de Transfusão do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes - UFAL, bem como conhecer os parâmetros hematológicos pré e pós-doação, a ocorrência dos principais eventos adversos relacionados à procedimento e as dificuldades enfrenta-das pelo doador. Método: Estudo observacional transversal. Foram analisadas 160 fichas de doadores de aférese de março de 2017 a junho de 2018. Os dados foram tabulados no programa Excel e analisados para determinar os objetivos. Resultados: A maioria dos doadores era do sexo masculino (93,13%), com idade entre 25 e 40 anos (48,75%) e parda (25,62%). Houve uma leve prevalência de solteiros (49,37%) e 73,75% eram de Maceió. A feno-tipagem ABO e Rh mais prevalente foi O+ (39,3%). A maioria dos procedimentos foi de coleta simples de plaquetas (75,60%) e a ocorrência de eventos adversos durante as doações foi de 30,63%. Conclusão: A avaliação do perfil do doador de aférese e o conhecimento dos possíveis efeitos colaterais relacionados ao procedimento proporcio-naram uma melhor compreensão sobre esse tipo de doação e podem ajudar a melhorar os processos de captura e retenção desses indivíduos, minimizando os efeitos da falta de sangue para a população Alagoana.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Doadores de Tecidos , Remoção de Componentes Sanguíneos , Plaquetas , Doações , Serviço de HemoterapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To metagenomically analyse blood units originating from the Brazilian Amazon and positive for parenterally transmitted infections (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), Chagas disease or syphilis). METHODS: Twenty plasma samples (35% HBV-positive, 10% HIV-positive, 10% HCV-positive, 20% positive for syphilis, 20% for Chagas disease, and 5% for HTLV) assembled in pools were analysed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. The obtained raw sequencing data were submitted to a bioinformatic pipeline set up for identification of emerging viruses. The viral reads of interest were phylogenetically analysed and confirmed by PCR in the individual samples. RESULTS: The metagenomic analysis identified contigs belonging to the emerging human Gemykibivirus-2 (HuGkV-2) in two pools. The HuGkV-1 phylogeny demonstrated that the Amazonian isolate formed a separate cluster with other HuGkV-2 strains obtained from human hosts. The PCR confirmation detected HuGkV-1 DNA in three individual samples (15%). CONCLUSIONS: HuGkV-2 is an emerging virus with unknown clinical impact. The detection of HuGkV-2 DNA in blood donations positive for parenterally transmitted infections showed that HuGkV-2 can be considered as an opportunistic viral agent with a hypothetic parenteral transmission route.
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Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Sangue/virologia , Viroses/virologia , Vírus/genética , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metagenômica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filogenia , Viroses/sangue , Viroses/epidemiologia , Vírus/classificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Influenza A virus infection has rarely been documented to cause viremia. In 28 blood donations in Brazil that were deferred because of postdonation information, we identified influenza A(H3N2) virus RNA in 1 donation using metagenomic analysis. Our finding implies theoretical risk for viremia and transfusion transmission.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A , Influenza Humana , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Brasil , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/genética , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , RNARESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar los factores intervinientes para la ejecución del presupuesto de donaciones y transferencias en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque. Material y Métodos: No experimental, descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo, corte transversal, durante el 2019. Población y muestra fue 57 colaboradores, muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Se utilizó instrumento Oria divididos en: factor institucional, factor político, factor organizacional y factor personal, la confiabilidad mediante alfa de Cronbach; además se usó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para la normalidad de la población; y para la significancia estadística el análisis descriptivo. Hallazgos: el nivel de intervención medio 3,444 para la variable factores intervinientes siendo el factor más resaltante el Político (media 3,7222) y el ítem más resaltante (84%) referido al papeleo de los procesos administrativos, retrasa la ejecución presupuestal de gastos. Conclusiones: Existe un nivel de intervención medio de los factores intervinientes para la ejecución de presupuesto de donaciones y transferencias del hospital Regional Lambayeque.
Objective: To determine the factors involved in the implementation of the donation and transfer budget at the Lambayeque Regional Hospital. Material and Methods: Not experimental, descriptive, quantitative approach, cross-section, during 2019. Population and sample was 57 collaborators, non-probabilistic sampling, for convenience. The Oria instrument was divided into : institutional factor, political factor, organizational factor and personal factor, reliability by Cronbach alpha; in addition, the Kolmogorov- Sminorv test was used for the normality of the population; and for statistical significance the descriptive analysis. Findings: the average intervention level of 3,444 for the variable factors involved being the most outstanding factor the Politician (average 3,7222) and the most outstanding item (84%) referring to the paperwork of the administrative processes, delays the budgetary execution of expenses. Conclusions: There is a medium level of intervention of the factors involved in the execution of the donation and transfer budget of the Lambayeque Regional Hospital.
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Abstract Objective: to analyze the understanding of mothers about the donation of human milk. Methods: a qualitative and quantitative study with 13 potential milk donors who answered a sociodemographic and obstetric background questionnaire, as well as a semi-structured interview guide on milk donation. Mothers were approached in the hospital environment, after delivery and the visit of the milk bank. Data were analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 and NVivo 11 Starter. Results: the mean age was 24.62 ± 3.95 years; 84.6% had more than eleven years of formal education; 38.5% declared themselves housewives; 46.2% were in a stable union and 76.9% had an income of up to two minimum wages. Most of the mothers (69.2%) experienced previous pregnancy; 76.9% had 6 or more prenatal consultations and 62.5% had previously breastfed. The motivating factors of the donation were altruism; empathy with other mothers; recognition of the primacy of breast milk; the child's understanding of breast milk need; excess milk production and family support. Unawareness of the process, limited time available, and lack of transportation and collection points can make donation difficult. Conclusions: there was a desire for information and support for breastfeeding and donation, which made the donation act complex and distant from reality.
Resumo Objetivos: analisar a compreensão de puérperas sobre a doação de leite humano. Métodos: estudo quali-quantitativo, com 13 potenciais doadoras de leite, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e de antecedentes obstétricos, além de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado sobre doação de leite. As puérperas foram abordadas no ambiente hospitalar, após o parto e a visita do banco de leite. Os dados foram analisados no Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 e NVivo 11 Starter. Resultados: a idade média foi de 24,62±3,95 anos; 84,6% possuíam mais de onze anos de escolaridade formal; 38,5% se autodeclararam do lar; 46,2% estava em união estável e 76,9% possuía renda de até dois salários mínimos. A maioria (69,2%) vivenciou gestação anterior; 76,9% realizaram 6 ou mais consultas pré-natais e 62,5% amamentaram anteriormente. Os fatores motivadores da doação foram o altruísmo; a empatia com outras mães; o reconhecimento da primazia do leite materno; a compreensão da necessidade leite materno pela criança; o excesso de produção láctea e o apoio de familiares. O desconhecimento do processo, o pouco tempo disponível, a falta de transporte e postos de coleta, podem dificultar a doação. Conclusões: foi evidenciado anseio por informações e apoio ao aleitamento materno e à doação, o que tornou a doação ato complexo e distante da realidade.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Percepção , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Bancos de Leite Humano , Doações , Promoção da Saúde , Leite Humano , Brasil , Inquéritos e Questionários , Período Pós-Parto/psicologia , EmpatiaRESUMO
Feelings of empathy and the influence of social descriptive norms are related to intentions to donate. People are more likely to help and donate to others when they empathise with them, and when they perceive descriptive norms to encourage such behaviour. However, previous work has not considered the potential interplay between empathy and descriptive norms. Across two surveys in two different national settings (Ns = 1300 and 144), we assessed the interplay between empathy and social descriptive norms on frequency of donation (Study 1) and on willingness to donate (Study 2). Consistent with our main hypotheses, in Studies 1 and 2, norms and empathy were positive predictors of frequency of donation and willingness to donate. Importantly, a consistent interaction between norms and empathy was found in both studies. Empathy was a stronger predictor of donation behaviour and disposition when norms were low. Theoretical and applied implications of these findings are discussed.
Assuntos
Empatia/fisiologia , Comportamento Social , Normas Sociais , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Continuing medical education activities are often financially supported by pharmaceutical and device companies. With the purpose to ensure ethics and accountability in the management of this assistance, the Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico formulates recommendations to medical associations' leaders in this text.
Las actividades de educación médica continua con frecuencia son apoyadas financieramente por la industria farmacéutica y de implementos médicos. Con el propósito de velar por la ética y rendición de cuentas en el manejo de estos apoyos, en el presente texto el Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-Industria (Cetremi) de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de México formula recomendaciones a los directivos de agrupaciones médicas.
Assuntos
Indústria Farmacêutica/economia , Educação Médica Continuada/economia , Apoio Financeiro/ética , Indústria Farmacêutica/ética , Educação Médica Continuada/ética , Humanos , México , Sociedades MédicasRESUMO
Resumo Revisão sistemática da caracterização nutricional e sociodemográfica de lactantes, por meio da literatura publicada entre 2004-2014, indexadas na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e Medline. Foram identificados 561 artigos com os descritores: "Leite Humano" e "Bancos de Leite"; palavras-chave: "Perfil", "Nutricional", "Doadoras de leite", "Nutriz" e "Nutrizes"; resumos disponíveis; data e idioma. Destes, 84,1% foram excluídos por não atenderem a temática, 1,8% por se tratarem de revisão e 7,5% por estarem indisponíveis para consulta. Foram selecionados 37 artigos, dos quais, 18,9% analisaram o perfil da doadora de LH. Do total, 89,2% referiram a idade, maioria entre 20 e 30 anos. Nível de escolaridade foi mencionado em 32,4%, variando entre ensino fundamental e superior. Quanto à renda, encontrou-se predominância de baixo nível socioeconômico. No âmbito nutricional, 45,9% dos estudos avaliaram o Índice de Massa Corporal e 29,4% o relataram na faixa de excesso de peso. Observaram-se carências, sobretudo de vitamina A, com as frequências de inadequações entre 9-26%. Observou-se predominância de adultas jovens, escolaridade variada, baixa renda e deficiências nutricionais demandando intervenções para contribuir na melhoria da saúde e aumento das doações de LH.
Abstract A systematic review of nutritional and sociodemographic characteristics of nursing mothers, using the published literature from 2004 to 2014 in the Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde and Medline databases. Using the following key words, 561 articles were identified: "Human Milk" and "Milk Banks"; keywords: "Profile," "Nutritional," "Milk Donor," "Nursing Mother" and "Nursing Mothers"; available abstracts; date and language. From these, 84.1% were excluded for not dealing with the established subject, 1.8% for being a review and 7.5% for the unavailability of abstracts for study. Thirty-seven articles were selected, of which 18.9% analyzed the profile of the HM donor. Of the total, 89.2% reported age, the majority between 20 and 30 years of age. The level of schooling was mentioned in 32.4% ranging from elementary school and higher education. With respect to income, a higher prevalence of low socioeconomic status was observed. About the nutritional status, 45.9% of the studies measured the body mass index and 29.4% reported the predominance of excess weight. There were deficiencies, particularly of vitamin A, with frequencies between 9% and 26%. A majority of young adult mothers, varied schooling, low income and nutritional deficiencies were noted, demanding interventions to improve health and increase HM donations.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Lactação , Estado Nutricional , Mães , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Deficiência de Vitamina A/epidemiologia , Peso Corporal , Aleitamento Materno , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
Con el objetivo de elevar los conocimientos acerca de medicina transfusional en profesionales de la salud que cursan el posgrado, se decidió elaborar un producto informático que incluyera los temas correspondientes a la transmisión de infecciones bacterianas por medio de la sangre y las medidas de prevención para lograr una hemoterapia de mayor seguridad. Dicho producto fue desarrollado en la plataforma virtual Chreasoft 3.2, y en él aparecen diferentes módulos que enlazan imágenes y texto, lo cual posibilita una mejor comprensión de la materia y contribuye a motivar el aprendizaje
With the objective of increasing the knowledge about transfusional medicine in postdegree students health professionals, it was decided to elaborate a computer product that included the topics corresponding to the transmission of bacterial infections by means of blood and the preventive measures to achieve a safer hemotherapy. This product was developed in the Chreasoft 3.2 virtual platform, in which different units appear connecting images and text, that facilitates a better understanding of the matter and contributes to motivate the learning
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doadores de Sangue , Software , Medicina Transfusional/educação , Infecções Bacterianas , Transfusão de SangueRESUMO
The current study explores different routes to civic involvement by identifying how a context-specific dimension of empathy and beliefs of autonomy and dependency might jointly predict different types of giving behaviors (i.e., monetary donations), which in turn should predict civic engagement. The sample consisted of 1,294 participants (656 females) between the ages of 18 to 64 (M(age) = 38.44, SD = 14.71), randomly selected from seven different cities in Chile. Even after controlling for gender, age, and the socioeconomic status of participants, results mainly support the role of giving behaviors as drivers of actual engagement in civic life. Monetary donations, in turn, are predicted by higher levels of empathy toward poverty and autonomy-oriented beliefs. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of agentic perspectives on civic participation.
Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade/psicologia , Empatia , Pobreza/psicologia , Responsabilidade Social , Voluntários/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autonomia Pessoal , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this survey was to assess the public's knowledge and attitudes toward vascularized composite allotransplantation and donation. METHODS: Members of the public (n = 5942) were surveyed using a questionnaire that examined their knowledge and attitudes concerning solid organs (kidney, heart, liver, lung, and pancreas) and vascularized composite tissue (hand/upper extremity, lower extremity, abdominal wall, and face) transplantations and donations. RESULTS: Respondents demonstrated greater (all P < 0.05) knowledge and willingness to donate and/or receive solid organs than vascularized composite tissues. Educational level, accurate knowledge, willingness to donate, and willingness to receive were significant (all P < 0.05) determinants of acceptance to donate and/or receive hand/upper extremity, lower extremity, face, and/or abdominal wall. CONCLUSION: The public presented less knowledge and willingness to donate and/or receive hand/upper extremity, lower extremity, abdominal wall, and face. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos , Alotransplante de Tecidos Compostos Vascularizados , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Opinião Pública , Autorrelato , Adulto JovemRESUMO
En el Banco de Sangre Provincial de Cienfuegos se incluye, además de las pruebas reguladas en Cuba para la selección de los donantes de sangre, la prueba de lipemia predonación. Un plasma con apariencia turbia es causa de exclusión transitoria del donante. A fin de evaluar la eficacia diagnóstica de esta prueba se realizaron dos estimaciones visuales del plasma en busca de turbidez, la primera antes de donar y la segunda en la unidad de plasma obtenida a partir de la sangre total colectada, esta última utilizada como prueba de referencia para este estudio. Ambas observaciones fueron realizadas por el mismo observador siguiendo un protocolo establecido. Como parte del estudio, la presencia de una prueba de lipemia positiva predonación no constituyó causa de exclusión de donantes. Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad diagnóstica, el valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y el valor predictivo negativo (VPN), además la eficiencia de la prueba dentro de un intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento. Se obtuvo el 98,4 por ciento de especificidad, el 80 por ciento de sensibilidad, así como el 66,6 por ciento de valor predictivo positivo y el 99,0 por ciento de valor predictivo negativo, con el 95,7 por ciento de eficiencia diagnóstica. La prueba resulta útil en la selección de donantes de sangre y se recomienda su uso en todas las dependencias de colecta de sangre que cuenten con las condiciones técnicas para su realización...
In addition to the Cuban regulated tests for donor selection, the Cienfuegos provincial blood bank uses a predonation lipemia test. The present study evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of this test. Two visual estimates of plasma for turbidity were performed: the first before donation and the second one to the plasma unit obtained from the whole blood collected, this one used as a reference test for this study. Both observations were made by the same observer following an established protocol. As part of the study, the presence of a positive test predonation lipemia was not cause for excluding donors. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and efficiency of the test within a confidence interval of 95 percent were calculated. We obtained 98,4 percent specificity, 80 percent sensitivity and 66,6 percent positive predictive value and 99,0 percent negative predictive value, with 95,7 percent diagnostic accuracy. The test is useful for the selection of blood donors and we recommended its use in all blood collection services having technical conditions for its fulfillment...
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Humanos , Doadores de Sangue/ética , Lipase Lipoproteica , Seleção do Doador/métodos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a public appeal to encourage voluntary blood donation by comparing the pattern of blood donations in 2000 and 2007. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of blood donation records was conducted at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) Blood Collection Centre from April to December of2000 and 2007. Data were analysed to identify any significant changes in donation patterns and donor profiles. RESULTS: The total number of blood donor records reviewed was 3194 in 2000 and 2634 in 2007 representing 69.0% and 72.3% of the total blood donations, respectively. Autologous donations accounted for 1% in 2000 and 2.2% in 2007; however, there was no corresponding change in voluntary donations (3.4% in 2000 and 3.2% in 2007). Despite a reduction in the number of first-time donors (1539 in 2000 and 1115 in 2007), the percentage of units discarded for the presence of a marker of transfusion transmission infection (TTI) increased, being 6.5% in 2000 and 7.4% in 2007. Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) was the most common infectious marker in 2000 (3.4% of donors) whereas reactive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) predominated in 2007 (3.6% of donors). CONCLUSION: The per capita donations (0.99% in 2000 and 0.88% in 2007) failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for an adequate blood supply of 1-3%. Despite a national effort to improve voluntary donations, the positive changes in the pattern of blood donation over a period of seven years were limited to a decrease in the proportion of first-time donors and an increase in blood donors with one to four previous donations.
OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es investigar el efecto de un llamado público para fomentar la donación voluntaria de sangre, comparando el patrón de las donaciones de sangre en 2000 y 2007. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de expedientes de donación de sangre en el Centro de recogida de sangre del Hospital Universitario de West Indies desde abril a diciembre de 2000 y 2007. Los datos fueron analizados para identificar cambios significativos en los patrones de donación y perfiles de donantes. RESULTADOS: El número total de registros de donantes de sangre revisados fue 3194 en 2000 y 2634 en 2007, lo que representa el 69,0% y 72,3% del total de las donaciones de sangre, respectivamente. Las donaciones autólogas representaron el 1% en el año 2000 y el 2.2% en 2007. Sin embargo, no hubo un cambio correspondiente con respecto a las donaciones voluntarias (3.4% en el año 2000 y 3.2% en 2007). A pesar de la reducción en el número de donantes primerizos (1539 en 2000 y 1115 en 2007), aumentó el porcentaje de unidades descartadas por la presencia de un marcador de infección transmitida por transfusión, que fue de un 6.5% en 2000 y 7,4% en 2007. El virus linfotrópico humano de células T (HTLV) fue el marcador de infecciones más común en el año 2000 (3.4% de los donantes) mientras que las pruebas reactivas del Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Venéreas (VDRL), predominaron en 2007 (3.6% de los donantes). CONCLUSIÓN: Las donaciones per cápita (0.99% en el año 2000 y 0.88% en 2007) no cumplieron con la recomendación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en cuanto a un adecuado suministro de sangre de 1-3%. A pesar del esfuerzo nacional por mejorar las donaciones voluntarias, los cambios positivos en el patrón de la donación de sangre durante un período de siete años, se limitaron a una disminución en la proporción de donantes primerizos, un aumento de los donantes de sangre con una a cuatro donaciones previas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Seleção de Pacientes , Reação Transfusional , Hospitais UniversitáriosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The shortage of organs for transplantation is a worldwide problem and the main cause is the refusal of family members to donate. Consent to donate is influenced by many factors and educational interventions are strongly recommended. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an educational, theaterbased strategy on the attitudes toward organ donation. METHODS: This study employed an intervention using theater as the central tool. The impact of this intervention on the intention to donate was assessed through a controlled, prospective, nonrandomized designed study. The sample consisted of 1,038 people. All the participants answered a survey that asked about sex, age and intent to donate. Afterward, one portion of the sample was exposed to the play, The Gift of Life, and a subsequent discussion forum that was guided by experts. The same survey was administered again after the intervention. RESULTS: Before the intervention, donation attitudes were positive in 68.3% of the responses, negative in 6.8% and uncertain in 24.9%. Females showed a greater intent to donate while age had no apparent influence on the donation decision. Those exposed to the intervention were found to be more likely to donate and show a favorable change in attitude toward donation than those who were not exposed to the intervention. CONCLUSION: An educational intervention using theater is an effective tool to generate a short-term change in the intent to donate. Educational strategies should be employed to increase the rates of organ donation.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La escasa disponibilidad de órganos para transplantes es un problema de escala mundial y la principal causa es la negativa de los familiares del donante. El consentimiento para donar está influenciado por una multitud de factores y las intervenciones educativas han sido intensamente recomendadas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de una estrategia pedagógica basada en el teatro sobre las actitudes hacia la donación de órganos. METODOLOGÍA: Este estudio utilizó una intervención teatral como herramienta central de trabajo y evaluó su impacto sobre la intención de donación usando un diseño controlado, prospectivo y no aleatorizado. La muestra consistió de 1,038 personas. Todos los participantes respondieron una encuesta que preguntaba acerca del género, edad e intención de donación. Después de ésta, una parte de la muestra fue expuesta a la obra teatral El Regalo de la Vida, seguida de un foro de discusión con expertos. La misma encuesta inicial fue aplicada de nuevo después de la intervención. RESULTADOS: Antes de la intervención, las actitudes hacia la donación fueron positivas en 68.3% de los casos, negativa en 6.8% e incierta en 24.9%. Las mujeres mostraron una mayor intención de donación mientras que la edad no tuvo ninguna influencia. Aquellas personas expuestas a la intervención estuvieron más inclinadas hacia la donación y mostraron un cambio favorable en su actitud que aquellas que no fueron expuestas a ésta. CONCLUSIÓN: Una intervención educativa usando el teatro es una herramienta efectiva para generar un cambio en al intención de donación de órganos. Estrategias educativas similares a ésta deben implementarse para incrementar la tasa de donación de órganos entre la población general.
RESUMO
La vigilancia en salud constituye un componente de trabajo obligado para todos los profesionales de este sector con la finalidad de lograr que los resultados de las acciones de vigilancia sean el modelo en que se inspiren todos los que se dedican a esta actividad, por lo que es necesario proveerles de información oportuna y válida que permita la toma de decisiones mßs adecuadas en aras de resolver los múltiples eventos que puedan afectar la salud nuestra población. Con este ánimo, la Dirección del Banco de Sangre Provincial de Cienfuegos realiza la edición trimestral de un boletín informativo dirigido fundamentalmente a las instituciones de la provincia que conforman la red de bancos de sangre, las autoridades sanitarias de los diferentes niveles de dirección, los centros productores de hemoderivados y el Centro Estatal para el Control de Medicamentos, para lograr que la información que se obtenga de la realización de las actividades de vigilancia sea difundida y posibilite la adopción de acciones de prevención y control más efectivas, oportunas y dinámicas en los diferentes niveles
Health surveillance is a compulsory component in the work of all health professionals, and is aimed at ensuring that the results of surveillance actions are a model inspiring all those engaged in this activity. This is the reason why it is necessary to provide them with timely, valid information enabling the taking of the most appropriate decisions with a view to resolving the many events that may affect the health of our population. It is with this purpose that the Management of Cienfuegos Provincial Blood Bank publishes a quarterly newsletter mainly intended for the institutions making up the provincial network of blood banks, health authorities from the various management levels, blood product manufacturing centers, and the State Drug Control Center, to ensure that the information obtained from the conduct of surveillance activities is disseminated, thus enabling the adoption of more effective, timely and dynamic prevention and control actions at the various levels
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de infecciones virales (VHB, VHC y VIH) en período de ventana serológica en donadores de sangre evaluados con la prueba de ácidos nucleicos (NAT). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron donadores de sangre evaluados de 2008 a 2009 con pruebas serológicas y moleculares del VHB, VHC y VIH. El período de ventana serológica se definió con la prueba de NAT positiva y la prueba serológica negativa. RESULTADOS: Durante un año se evaluaron 47 847 donadores de sangre; no se identificó ningún caso con infección viral (VHB, VHC y VIH) en período de ventana serológica; únicamente se demostró NAT positivo en donadores con pruebas serológicas positivas: 26 de 78 con VHB, 56 de 318 con VHC y 16 de 155 con VIH. CONCLUSIÓN: Este es el primer estudio en México que demostró en donadores de sangre la ausencia de infecciones virales (VHB, VHC y VIH) en período de ventana serológica con la prueba de NAT.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of viral infections (HBV, HCV and HIV) in serological window period in blood donors screened with nucleic acid testing (NAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed all blood donors from July 2008 to June 2009 at the Central Blood Bank of the Mexican Institute of Social Security. Medical history was made and provided an information brochure and self-exclusion questionnaire. All blood donors were tested with serological tests (Ag-HBVs, Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV) and molecular testing with NAT for HBV, HCV and HIV. The window period was defined with the positive NAT and negative serological test. RESULTS: During one year, we evaluated 47 847 blood donors. None subject was identified with viral infection (HBV, HCV and HIV) in serological window period. Positive serological testing were found for HBV in 78 (0.2 percent), 318 (0.7 percent) for HCV and 155 (0.3 percent) for HIV. Positive NAT was demonstrated only in donors with positive serology: 26 of 78 with HBV, 56 of 318 with HCV and 16 of 155 with HIV. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in México showed no viral infections (HBV, HCV and HIV) during serological window period in blood donors; The medical history and the self-exclusion questionnaire help to improve blood transfusion safety.