RESUMO
Bioactive compounds from food products made from natural ingredients such as corn and common bean could target the NLRP3 inflammasome, protein scaffolds with a key role in the moderation of intestinal inflammation. This research aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect from the fermented non-digestible fraction of baked corn and common bean snack (FNDF), and its main components, on the modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome markers in vitro. For this, a THP-1 macrophage/differentiated Caco-2 cell co-culture was used as a model of intestinal inflammation. A disease control (DC) (LPS/human IFN-γ, 10 ng/mL) was compared with FNDF (40-300 µg/mL) and its pure components: gallic (38.85 µM) and butyric acids (6 µM), verbascose (0.06 µM), their mixture, and an anti-inflammatory control (tofacitinib, 5 µM). Compared to DC, FNDF (40 µg/mL) reduced the 48 h-basolateral nitrites (40-60%), IL-1ß/IL-18, and TNF-α production. Additionally, it decreased the total reactive oxygen species (36.3%) and nitric oxide synthase (6.9%) activities, increasing superoxide dismutase (228.2%) activity. Compared to NLRP3 positive control, FNDF components decreased NLRP3 markers (caspase-1 activity, IL-1ß, and apoptosis). These results highlight NLRP3-anti-inflammatory effects from FNDF components. This is the first report of the NLRP3 inflammasome modulation by digested food matrix components, using a co-culture approach.
Assuntos
Ácido Butírico/farmacologia , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Inflamassomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Enteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cocultura , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ácido Gálico/administração & dosagem , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidade , Monócitos , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintase , Nitritos/metabolismo , Superóxido DismutaseRESUMO
One of the food security problems faced worldwide is the occurrence of mycotoxins in grains and their foods. Fumonisins (FBs) are mycotoxins which are prevalent in corn (Zea mays L.) and its based foods. Their intake and exposure have been epidemiologically and inconclusively associated with oesophageal cancer and neural tube defects in humans, and other harmful health effects in animals. The toxic effects of FBs can be acute or chronic and these metabolites bioaccumulate mainly in liver and kidney tissues. Among FBs, fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most relevant moiety although the 'hidden' forms produced after food thermal processes are becoming relevant. Corn is the grain most susceptible to Fusarium and FBs contamination and the mould growth is affected both by abiotic and biotic factors during grain maturation and storage. Mould counts are mainly affected by the grain water activity, the environmental temperature during grain maturation and insect damage. The abiotic factors affected by climatic change patterns have increased their incidence in other regions of the world. Among FBs, the hidden forms are the most difficult to detect and quantify. Single or combined physical, chemical and biological methods are emerging to significantly reduce FBs in processed foods and therefore diminish their toxicological effects.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos , Fumonisinas/análise , Zea mays/química , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are low-level inflammation processes affected by several factors including diet. It has been reported that mixed whole grain and legume consumption, e.g. corn and common bean, might be a beneficial combination due to its content of bioactive compounds. A considerable amount would be retained in the non-digestible fraction (NDF), reaching the colon, where microbiota produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and phenolic compounds (PC) with known anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to estimate the anti-inflammatory potential of fermented-NDF of corn-bean chips (FNDFC) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. After 24â¯h, FNDFC produced SCFAs (0.156-0.222â¯mmol/l), inhibited nitric oxide productionâ¯>â¯80% and H2O2â¯>â¯30%, up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (I-TAC, TIMP-1)â¯>â¯2-fold, and produced angiostatic and protective factors against vascular/tissue damage, and amelioration of tumor necrosis factor signalling and inflammatory bowel disease. These results confirm the anti-inflammatory potential derived from healthy corn-bean chips.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Phaseolus/química , Zea mays/química , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/microbiologia , Culinária , Citocinas/metabolismo , Digestão , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fermentação , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Phaseolus/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratos , Zea mays/metabolismoRESUMO
Natural mycoflora and co-occurrence of fumonisins (FB(1), FB(2)) and aflatoxins (AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1) and AFG(2)) in freshly harvested corn grain samples from four regions of Brazil were investigated. Fusarium verticillioides was predominant in all samples. Analysis of fumonisins showed that 98% of the samples were contaminated with FB(1) and 74.5% with FB(1) + FB(2), with toxin levels ranging from 0.015 to 9.67 microg/g for FB(1) and from 0.015 to 3.16 microg/g for FB(2). Twenty-one (10.5%) samples were contaminated with AFB(1), seven (3.5%) with AFB(2) and only one (0.5%) with AFG(1) and AFG(2) Co-contamination with aflatoxins and fumonisins was observed in 7% of the samples. The highest contamination of fumonisins and aflatoxins was observed in Nova Odessa (SP) and Várzea Grande (MT), respectively. The lowest contamination of these mycotoxins was found in Várzea Grande and Nova Odessa, respectively.