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Glass wool column filtration (GWCF) selects human, bull, boar, dog and buffalo spermatozoa, but reports in the horse are scarce. Single-layer colloid centrifugation with Androcoll-E™ is currently the standard procedure to select good-quality equine sperm. This study was designed to assess GWCF (50 and 75 mg columns; GWCF-50 and GWCF-75, respectively) efficacy to select good-quality sperm from fresh and frozen-thawed equine semen, and to compare its performance with Androcoll-E™ colloid centrifugation. Percentage total motile (TM), progressively motile (PM), morphologically normal (MN), osmotically competent (HOS+) and acrosome-intact/osmotically competent (AI/HOS+) sperm were determined. In studies done with fresh semen samples (n = 17), suspensions subjected to GWCF-50 showed an improvement (p < .05) in PM and HOS+ sperm after selection. With GWCF-75, an increase (p < .05) in PM, MN and HOS+ sperm was observed. Results with GWCF were comparable or better than with Androcoll-E™ selection. Sperm recovery was similar between procedures for all semen parameters. Total sperm count recovery was lower after GWCF-75 (GWCF-50 = 60.0; GWCF-75 = 51.0; Androcoll-E™ = 76.0 million sperm; median; p = .013), but results on total progressive sperm count were similar (GWCF-50 = 23.0; GWCF-75 = 27.0; Androcoll-E™ = 24.0 million sperm; median; p = .3850). Using frozen-thawed semen samples (n = 16), an improvement (p < .05) in TM, PM, NM, HOS+ and AI/HOS+ sperm was observed in GWCF-75 filtrates. Results were comparable to Androcoll-E™ centrifugation, except HOS+ that increased (p < .05) only after GWCF-75. Recovery was comparable for all parameters in frozen samples. GWCF is a simple and low-cost procedure that selects equine sperm with a quality comparable to colloid centrifugation with Androcoll-E™.

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Resumen El milium coloide (MC) es un trastorno de depósito cutáneo poco común, asociado a cambios degenerativos secundarios a la radiación ultravioleta, que provoca degeneración de las fibras elásticas en la dermis. Tiene dos formas de presentación definidas como juvenil y del adulto. Es más común en hombres que realizan oficios al aire libre. Clínicamente se caracteriza por numerosas y pequeñas pápulas de distintos colores (amarillo, ámbar, café) o translúcidas, que suelen agruparse y se localizan en zonas fotoexpuestas. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante el estudio histopatológico y pudiera requerir tinciones especiales para diferenciar la mucina y el amiloide. Para su tratamiento se han empleado técnicas como dermoabrasión mecánica, láseres, terapia fotodinámica, entre otros.

Abstract Colloid milium is a rare skin deposition disorder associated with degenerative changes secondary to ultraviolet radiation, which causes degeneration of elastic fibers in the dermis. It has two forms of presentation defined as juvenile and adult. It is more common in men who work outdoors. Clinically it is characterized by numerous small yellow, brown, amber or translucent papules that are usually grouped together, located over photo-exposed areas. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological study and may require special stains to differentiate mucin and amyloid. Techniques such as mechanical dermabrasion, lasers, photodynamic therapy, among others, have been used for its treatment.

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Objetivo : Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la técnica de inmnunocromatografía o flujo lateral para la detección de anticuerpos en pacientes con Fasciolosis humana. Materiales y métodos : Estudio observacional, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Hemos desarrollado una prueba de flujo lateral (Fasciorap) para el diagnóstico serológico de las Fasciolosis humana por Fasciola hepatica, compuesta por antígenos de excreción-secreción de formas adultas conjugadas con orocoloidal de 40 nm y una proteína A e IgG de conejo anti Fasciola hepatica como reactivos detectores en la línea de prueba y control, flanqueados por almohadillas en un cassette. Se evaluaron 240 sueros, 120 positivos, 50 sueros de pacientes con otras parasitosis, 20 de pacientes con enfermedades infecciosas y 50 sueros de personas no parasitadas, la interpretación de resultados se realizó por inspección visual a los 15 minutos de aplicada las muestras. Resultados : La prueba detectó la presencia de anticuerpos en el suero de pacientes con fasciolosis, alcanzando una sensibilidad de 92,5%, una especificidad de 94,17%, un valor predictivo positivo de 94,07% y negativo de 92,62%; con 100% de concordancia en la repetibilidad y reproducibilidad. Conclusiones : Fasciorap detecta casos de fasciolosis, por lo tanto, es una potencial prueba diagnóstica en zonas endémicas donde se requiere pruebas de punto de atención

Objective : To determine the diagnostic performance of the immunochromatography technique or lateral flow for the detection of antibodies in patients with human fasciolosis. Materials and methods : Observational, prospective and cross-sectional study. We have developed a lateral flow test (Fasciorap) for the serological diagnosis of fasciolosis due to F. hepatica, composed of excretion-secretion antigens of adult forms conjugated with orocolloid of 40 nm and a protein A and IgG of rabbit anti F. hepatica as detector reagents in the test and control line, flanked by pads in a cassette. 240 sera were evaluated, 120 positive, 50 sera from patients with other parasites, 20 from patients with infectious diseases and 50 sera from non-parasitized people, the interpretation of results was performed by visual inspection 15 minutes after applying the samples. Results : The test detected the presence of antibodies in the serum of patients with fasciolosis, reaching a sensitivity of 92.5%, a specificity of 94.17%, a positive predictive value of 94.07% and a negative predictive value of 92.62%; with 100% agreement on repeatability and reproducibility. Conclusions : Fasciorap detects cases of fascioliasis, therefore, it is a potential diagnostic test in endemic areas where point-of-care testing is required

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Aim: To develop a new curcumin carrier consisting of murumuru butter nanoparticles (SLN-Cs). Methods: A phase-inversion temperature method was used to produce SLN-Cs. The interaction of SLN-Cs with murine colon adenocarcinoma (CT26) cells in vitro was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results: Stable SLN-Cs with a high curcumin-loading capacity were obtained. The SLN-Cs were more toxic to CT26 than free curcumin. Fluorescence microscopy images showed the SLN-Cs to be taken up by CT26 cells in vitro. Conclusion: These results indicate that SLN-Cs are suitable carriers of curcumin in aqueous media.

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Introduction: Colloid cysts are histologically benign lesions, probably derived from the endoderm, which represent 0.3-2% of brain tumors. They are usually attached to the roof of the third ventricle in direct relation to the foramen of Monro, which can cause a blockage to the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, determining hydrocephalus and in some cases sudden death. Other more common symptoms are headache, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, gait ataxia, and cognitive impairment. Treatment options include microsurgery, endoscopy, stereotaxic casting, or cerebrospinal fluid shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus. The objective of surgery is the total excision of the lesion. It should be noted that the microsurgical technique allows total excision more frequently, but at the cost of greater manipulation and tissue trauma; on the contrary, endoscopic being minimally invasive, allows better tissue preservation, although the rates of complete tumor excision are usually lower due to the difficulties in dissecting the lesions densely adhered to the roof of the third ventricle. Method: We present a clinical case of a patient with a third ventricle tumor compatible with a colloid cyst, with progressive hydrocephalus, operated with microsurgical technique and endoscopic assistance. Result: Total excision of the colloid cyst with improvement of the symptoms. Antegrade memory disorder that resolved completely after 3 months. Conclusion: The endoscopy-assisted microsurgical technique is safe for the management of this pathology and provides intraoperative benefits.

Introducción: Los quistes coloides son lesiones histológicamente benignas, probablemente derivadas del endodermo, que representan el 0,3-2% de los tumores cerebrales. Habitualmente se encuentran adheridas al techo del tercer ventrículo en relación directa con el foramen de Monro, lo que puede provocar un bloqueo a la circulación del líquido cefalorraquídeo determinando hidrocefalia y en algunos casos muerte súbita. Otros síntomas más habituales son cefalea, náuseas y vómitos, visión borrosa, ataxia de la marcha y deterioro cognitivo. Las opciones terapéuticas incluyen la microcirugía, endoscopia, vaciamiento estereotáxico o derivaciones de líquido cefalorraquídeo para el tratamiento de la hidrocefalia. El objetivo de la cirugía es la exéresis total de la lesión. Se destaca que la técnica microquirúrgica permite exéresis totales con más frecuencia, pero a costa de mayor manipulación y traumatismo tisular; por el contrario la endoscópica al ser mínimamente invasiva permite mejor preservación tisular, aunque los índices de exéresis completa del tumor suelen ser menores debido a las dificultades para disecar a las lesiones densamente adheridas al techo del tercer ventrículo. Método: Se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente con un tumor del tercer ventrículo compatible con quiste coloide, con hidrocefalia evolutiva, operado con técnica microquirúrgica y asistencia endoscópica. Resultado: Exéresis total del quiste coloide con mejoría de la sintomatología. Trastorno mnésico anterógrado que resolvió a los 3 meses completamente. Conclusión: La técnica microquirúrgica asistida por endoscopia es segura para el manejo de esta patología y aporta beneficios intraoperatorios.

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Introducción: La ascitis se define como la presencia de líquido en la cavidad peritoneal. La etiología más común la constituyen las enfermedades hepáticas que cursan con hipertensión portal, dentro de ellas la cirrosis hepática reportada en un 40 por ciento, a 5 años de seguimiento de los casos. Estudios previos muestran que la ascitis por enfermedad cirrótica hepática es entre un 80-85 por ciento, también la carcinomatosis se presenta en un 10 por ciento, y dentro de las causas más raras están la insuficiencia cardiaca y la tuberculosis peritoneal en un 3 por ciento, junto con la trombosis de la vena porta, sarcoidosis, tumores intraperitoneales, ascitis pancreática y la enteritis eosinofílica. Objetivo: Describir presentaciones clínicas infrecuentes como causa de ascitis en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras. Presentación de casos: Se presentan cinco casos que ingresaron en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras con diagnóstico de Ascitis: quilosa, hemorrágica, eosinofílica y coloide, con las patologías que los llevaron a esa manifestación clínica y una breve descripción de la misma. Conclusión: El análisis de las presentaciones clínicas de los casos, los hallazgos en los estudios imagenológicos y en los exámenes de laboratorio, así como los resultados anatomopatológicos permitieron el diagnóstico de las entidades causantes de ascitis atípicas en estos pacientes(AU)

Introduction: Ascites is defined as the presence of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The most common etiology is liver diseases with portal hypertension; among them liver cirrhosis is reported in 40 percent of cases with 5-year follow-up. Previous studies demonstrate that ascites due to cirrhotic liver disease occurs in 80-85 percent of the cases, that carcinomatosis is also present in 10 percent, and also that among the rarest causes, heart failure and peritoneal tuberculosis are present in 3 percent of cases along with portal vein thrombosis, sarcoidosis, intraperitoneal tumors, pancreatic ascites and eosinophilic enteritis. Objective: To describe uncommon clinical presentations as cause of ascites in patients admitted to Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital. Case presentation: Five cases of patients admitted to Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital with the diagnosis of ascites: chylous, hemorrhagic, eosinophilic and colloid as well as the pathologies that led them to this clinical manifestation and a brief description of it are presented. Conclusion: The analysis of the clinical presentation of the cases, the findings in the imaging studies and laboratory tests and the anatomopathological results allowed the diagnosis of the entities causing atypical ascites in these patients(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Colloid cyst treatment with purely endoscopic surgery is considered to be safe and effective. Complete capsule removal for gross total resection is usually recommended to prevent recurrence but may not always be safely feasible. Our objective was to assess the results of endoscopic surgery using mainly aspiration and coagulation without complete capsule resection and discuss the rationale for the procedure. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 45 consecutive symptomatic patients with third ventricle colloid cysts that were surgically treated with purely endoscopic surgery from 1997 to 2018. RESULTS: Mean age was 35.4 years. Male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Clinical presentation included predominantly headache (80%). Transforaminal was the most used route (71.1%) followed by transeptal (24.5%) and interforniceal (4.4%). Capsule was intentionally not removed in 42 patients (93.3%) and cyst remnants were absent on postoperative MRI in 36 (85%). Mild complications occurred in 8 patients (17.8%). Surgery was statistically associated with cyst volume and ventricular size reduction. There were no serious complications, shunts or deaths. Follow-up did not show any recurrence or remnant growth that needed further treatment. CONCLUSION: Gross total resection may not be the main objective for every situation. Subtotal resection without capsule removal seems to be safer while preserving good results, especially in a limited resource environment. Remnants left behind should be followed but tend to remain clinically asymptomatic for the most part. Surgical planning allows the surgeon to choose among the different resection routes and techniques available. Decisions are predominantly based on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings.

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En México, la presión coloidosmótica del plasma ha sido un tema clave del estudio de la mujer embarazada por más de dos décadas. Las investigaciones clínicas han permitido conocer sus valores en población abierta, mujeres con embarazo normal, puerperio fisiológico, preeclampsia severa, síndrome HELLP y eclampsia. También se ha reportado la relación de la presión coloidosmótica del plasma con la presión sanguínea (índice de Briones), síndrome de fuga capilar y la acumulación de líquido en cavidades serosas (derrame pleural, ascitis). Revisamos la base de datos PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Artemisa, LILACS e IMBIOMED de 1997 a 2018 con las siguientes palabras clave: albúmina sérica, presión coloidosmótica del plasma, síndrome de fuga capilar, índice de Briones, derrame pleural, ascitis, preeclampsia severa, síndrome HELLP, eclampsia y cuidados críticos en obstetricia. Los criterios de inclusión fueron revisiones sistemáticas, meta-análisis, ensayos clínicos controlados y artículos con metodología de medicina basada en evidencia con recomendaciones sólidas. Incluimos 12 artículos mexicanos. Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron: revisar la literatura médica de la presión coloidosmótica del plasma en preeclampsia reportada de 1997 a 2018, describir el tratamiento con albúmina humana y las perspectivas de la investigación en los siguientes años.In Mexico, plasma colloid osmotic pressure has been a key issue in the study of pregnant women for more than two decades. Clinical investigations have allowed to know their values in the open population, as well as in women with normal pregnancy, physiological puerperium, severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and eclampsia. The relationship of plasma colloid osmotic pressure with mean arterial pressure (Briones index), capillary leak syndrome and the accumulation of fluid in serous cavities (pleural effusion, and ascites) have also been reported. We reviewed the database of PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Artemisa, LILACS, and IMBIOMED from 1997 to 2018 with the following keywords: serum albumin, plasma colloid osmotic pressure, capillary leak syndrome, Briones index, pleural effusion, ascites, severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, and obstetrics critical care. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews, meta-analysis, clinical controlled trials, and articles with evidence-based medicine methodology with strong recommendations. We included 12 Mexican articles. The objectives of the present investigation were to review the medical literature on plasma colloid osmotic pressure in preeclampsia reported from 1997 to 2018, describe the treatment with human albumin and the perspectives of the research in the following years.

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Although Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a widespread technique with applications in several fields, the SERS effect is still not thoroughly understood due to the challenge in describing how the interaction between the analyte and the metallic surface contributes to the Raman signal enhancement. One approach to distinguish the charge transfer contribution from the metal to the molecule is the comparison of the coordination complex resonance Raman spectral features with the SERS spectra of the surface complex excited at different wavelengths. Herein, we investigated the molecule 5-nitroisatin, Nisa, its complex with a silver cation, Ag(Nisa), its anionic form, Nisa-, and the adsorbed species over Ag colloid, Nisa/AgNP, by resonance Raman and SERS, respectively. The data show that the resonance Raman spectrum of the coordination complex Ag(Nisa) is comparable to the SERS spectrum obtained out of resonance condition. However, when the SERS spectra of Nisa/AgNP at resonance condition is obtained, quite distinct chromophores are observed. The SERS enhancement profile suggests a charge transfer from the metal to molecule in the green region of the visible spectrum and evidences the higher complexity of the electronic transitions that take place within the surface complex. To support the experimental data, DFT and TDDFT calculations were performed for Nisa, Ag(Nisa), Nisa- and Nisa@Ag20 cluster.

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Background: The gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) is a specie that shows great adaptability in different habitats and it is the most abundant deer specie in South America. The present work describes for the first time a case of abortion followed by death associated with colloid goiter, massive hemonchosis and necrotizing rumenitis in a captive female gray brocket deer. Case: A 4-year-old female gray brocket deer (M. gouazoubira) raised in captivity had a history of abortion during the last third of gestation. The animal was kept in an enclosure together with 3 other gray brockets deers, being 1 male of the same age and 2 juvenile brocket deer of approximately 1 and 2 years old. The animals were fed with concentrated used as cattle feed and dewormed annually with 1% Ivermectin. The animals' enclosure had vegetation cover formed by grasses and soil. The animals appeared healthy with no behavioral changes. The day after the stillbirth, the mother was found dead in the enclosure and sent to the animal pathology sector of the University of Vila Velha (UVV), Brazil. Necropsy revealed that thyroid lobules were highly increased in volume and histopathological findings were compatible with colloid goiter. A large number of nematodes were found in the abomasal content, totalizing 11,626 helminths, which were morphologically characterized as Haemonchus contortus. Grossly, the serous and ruminal mucosa exhibited an extensively reddish focal area with irregular contour, surface ulceration and a firm consistency. Microscopically, a severe necrotizing rumenitis was diagnosed. The liver showed pale multifocal areas on the subcapsular surface, friable to the touch which deepened when cut. Histopathological analysis revealed an accentuated multifocal panlobular coagulative necrosis, characterizing an acute liver necrosis. Discussion: Iodine is a mineral of great importance for thyroid hormones synthesis and your requirements are higher during pregnancy and lactation. Diets deficient in iodine causes a reduction in the basal activity of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and over-stimulation of the thyroid by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), resulting in goiter. In the present case, it is possible that the shortage of iodine in diet caused a goiter and, as a consequence, triggered the abortion. Haemonchus contortus is a pathogenic nematode of small ruminants, leading to decreased productivity and death in some cases as a result of anemia and hypoxia. The contact between domestic and wild animals, resulting in the emergence of infectious diseases and the spread of pathogens among species. In the present case, manual counting accounted for 11,626 H. contortus larvae, characterizing a massive infection and justifying the condition of severe anemia. The high parasitic load shown in this case points out this parasite's importance related to this species in captivity. In general, inflammatory lesions in the rumen are results of excessive intake of fermentable carbohydrates, which leads to a considerable decrease in ruminal pH and leads to a high proliferation of lactic acid bacteria. This lesion has been previously reported in cervids. This case of comorbidities demonstrates that failures in nutritional and health handling, may cause simultaneous multiple diseases leading to death. Preventive measures for helminth parasite control and a proper feeding management with an adequate diet must be provided in order to preserve the species in captivity.

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Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare lesions. To our knowledge, only 23 familial cases of colloid cysts have been reported in the literature. The country of origin of the patients with familial cases had not been previously studied as a group. A 49-year-old female patient from Puerto Rico and her 21-year-old daughter underwent surgical resection for colloid cysts within a period of 5 years. The daughter presented with symptomatic hydrocephalus, while the mother only had mild chronic headaches. The occurrence of a colloid cyst in this family prompted us to perform a literature review and tabulate all the familial cases. This report presents the 24th case of a familial colloid cyst, and the fourth involving a mother and daughter. Australia is the country with the largest amount of reported cases. For smaller countries such as Sweden and Finland, two cases had been reported for each of them. Due to the unlikely probability of familial colloid cyst occurring at random, a genetic component is likely to be involved. The occurrence of several reports from patients from Australia, Finland, Sweden, and Puerto Rico where the population is smaller or more segregated may also suggest a genetic inheritance. Screening of first-degree-related subjects is recommended for families in which two or more members are affected. The presence of a colloid cyst in a twin mandates neuroimaging in the other twin, as there are five familial cases in twins reported in the literature.

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The objective of this study was to design a protocol to separate spermatozoa from seminal plasma of raw llama semen without prior enzymatic treatment using a single-layer centrifugation with Androcoll-E™ (AE). Two experiments were performed: (a) samples were divided into three aliquots (1 ml) that were deposited on the top of 4, 5 or 6 ml of AE and were centrifuged at 800g for 20 min and (b) samples were divided into two aliquots (1 ml) that were deposited on the top of 4 ml of AE and were centrifuged at 600g or 1,000g for 20 min. Columns of 5 and 6 ml of AE showed a total sperm motility (TM) significantly lower, while in the 4 ml column, this parameter was not different from the TM of samples before the AE treatment. The percentage of spermatozoa with intact and functional membranes, normal morphology and intact acrosomes, as well as the percentages of sperm with highly condensed chromatin, was conserved (p Ëƒ .05) in the three column heights and in the two centrifugation speeds evaluated. In conclusion, the different column heights of AE (4, 5 and 6 ml) and the different centrifugation speeds used (600, 800 and 1,000g) allow separating spermatozoa of raw llama semen without enzymatic treatment, preserving the evaluated sperm characteristics. However, of all the studied treatments, centrifugation in the 4 ml column of AE at 800g would be the method of choice to process raw llama semen samples destined for reproductive biotechnologies.

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Paramylon, a high molecular weight polysaccharide, is a linear and unbranched (1 → 3)-ß-d-glucan. Despite its numerous biological benefits, the poor aqueous solubility of crystalline paramylon is a drawback that has hampered some of its applications. In an effort to make this biomaterial amenable to practical uses, cationic and anionic paramylon derivatives were obtained. The degrees of substitution of both products were determined. The products were characterized by FT-IR spectrocopy, ESI mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C and 1H-13C NMR and SEM microscopy. These techniques confirmed the success of the substitution reactions. 1H NMR analysis was used to develop alternative methods for an approximate estimation of the degree of substitution. 1H-13C HSQC NMR spectra were assigned for both derivatives. New applications of native, cationic and anionic paramylon were found. Native paramylon showed similar performance as pharmaceutical tablet disintegrant than sodium croscarmellose. Cationic paramylon behavior as colloid flocculant was comparable with commercial cationic polyacrylamides. The anionic derivative could eventually be used in the formulation of matrix controlled release systems or as a suspending agent.

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The objective this study is to evaluate colloid osmotic pressure (COP) fluctuations in adult and senile dogs during surgical interventions. Thirty-six healthy dogs to surgical interventions, distributed in two groups, A and B, according to their age, and were all subjected to the same anesthetic protocol. Values of albumin, total plasmatic protein and COP were evaluated from samples collected before pre-anesthetic medication, fifteen minutes after pre-anesthetic medication, and shortly after the end of the intervention. Results were tested using t-test to compare among groups and ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey's test to compare different moments within the same group. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. In both groups, significant decreases were observed in colloid osmotic pressure, as well as albumin and total proteins (p<0.001). Despite slightly lower COP values for the group of adult animals, this difference was not significant as there was a high individual variation within groups. The results therefore indicate no difference in colloid osmotic pressure values or fluctuation patterns among adult and senile dogs (p=0.124). The observed results indicate that colloid osmotic pressure decreases significantly during surgical procedures, due to hypotension caused by the anesthetic drugs and to hemodilution caused by the fluid administration but there is no difference between groups. However, in both adult and senile dogs, these variables recover gradually after the animals awaken, through increased urine production and recovery of vascular tonus, indicating the successful reestablishment of homeostasis.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as flutuações da pressão coloidosmótica (PCO) em cães adultos e idosos durante a intervenção cirúrgica. Foram utilizados 36 cães hígidos submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica, distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com a idade e submetidos ao mesmo protocolo anestésico. Os valores de albumina, proteína plasmática total e PCO foram avaliados de amostras coletadas antes da medicação pré-anestésica, 15 minutos após e ao final do procedimento cirúrgico. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do teste-t para comparação entre os grupos e ANOVA para medidas repetidas seguido do teste de Tukey para comparar diferentes momentos dentro do mesmo grupo. Foram considerados estastisticamente diferentes com p<0.05. Em ambos os grupos foram observados decréscimo dos valores da pressão coloidosmótica, como os valores de albumina e proteína total (p<0.001). Apesar de ligeiramente inferior, os valores de PCO para o grupo adulto não apresentaram diferença significativa. Os resultados indicam que não houve diferença nos valores da pressão oncótica ou padrão de flutuação entre adultos e idosos (p=0,124). Os resultados observados indicam significativo decréscimo da pressão coloidosmótica durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos devido à hipotensão causada pelos fármacos anestésicos e pela hemodiluição causada pela administração de fluídos, mas não houve diferença entre os grupos. Entretanto, tanto em cães adultos como idosos, essas variações retornaram gradualmente após a recuperação dos animals, através do aumento da produção de urina e da recuperação do tônus vascular, indicando restabelecimento da homeostase.(AU)

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Abstract Introduction To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution ultrasonography in differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules in comparison to results of guided fine needle aspiration cytology based on the Bayes rule. Objective To assess the validity of ultrasonography results of thyroid nodules in comparison to guided fine needle aspiration cytology findings. Methods This study was done on randomly chosen 80 patients presented with palpable thyroid nodules, undergone real-time sonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules to characterize features, internal consistency, margins, echotexture, calcification, peripheral lucent halo and vascularity. Ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology studies of thyroid nodules were done. Results Palpable thyroid nodules were highly prevalent in fourth and fifth decades of life with female-male ratio, 4:1. Solid internal consistency was demonstrated by 75% malignant nodules. Hypoechogenicity and intra-nodular micro-calcifications were observed in 92% malignant nodules; 83% malignant nodules had intra-nodular vascularity and absence of peripheral halo. The pre-test prevalence of malignant nodules in the targeted population was 17.5%. As type I error, 2.5% false-positive cases and as type II error, 5.0% false-negative cases were detected. Values of sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasonography test were 71.43 and 96.97%, respectively. Conclusion Malignant thyroid nodules demonstrated ultrasonography characteristics of hypoechoic texture, intra-nodular micro-calcifications, solid consistency, internal vascularity and absence of peripheral halo. The ultrasonography test has 92.5% diagnostic accuracy to differentiate malignant from benign lesions in comparison to the gold standard fine needle aspiration cytology test.

Resumo Introdução Avaliar a precisão diagnóstica da ultrassonografia de alta resolução na diferenciação de nódulos tireoidianos benignos e malignos em comparação com os resultados da citologia de aspiração por agulha fina baseada na regra de Bayes. Objetivo Avaliar a validade dos resultados da USG de nódulos da tireoide em comparação com os resultados obtidos por citologia de aspiração por agulha fina. Método Este estudo foi feito em 80 pacientes selecionados aleatoriamente, que apresentavam nódulos palpáveis da tireoide, submetidos à avaliação ultrassonográfica em tempo real de nódulos da tireoide para estabelecer características, consistência interna, margens, ecotextura, calcificação, halo lucente periférico e vascularização. Foram feitos estudos por citologia de aspiração por agulha fina guiados pela USG dos nódulos de tireoide. Resultados Nódulos palpáveis da tireoide foram altamente prevalentes na quarta e quinta décadas de vida com uma razão sexo feminino-masculino de 4:1. A consistência interna sólida foi demonstrada em 75% de nódulos malignos. Hipoecogenicidade e microcalcificações intranodulares foram observadas em 92% de nódulos malignos; 83% dos nódulos malignos apresentaram vascularidade intranodular e ausência de halo periférico. A prevalência pré-teste de nódulos malignos na população alvo foi de 17,5%. Como erro tipo I, houve 2,5% de casos falso-positivos e como erro tipo II, foram detectados 5,0% de casos falso-negativos. Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade do exame por USG foram de 71,43 e 96,97%, respectivamente. Conclusão Nódulos malignos da tireoide mostraram características de textura hipoecoica, microcalcificações intranodulares, consistência sólida, vascularidade interna e ausência de halo periférico na USG. O exame por USG tem 92,5% de precisão diagnóstica para diferenciar lesões malignas de benignas em comparação com o padrão ouro da citologia de aspiração por agulha fina.

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The objective this study is to evaluate colloid osmotic pressure (COP) fluctuations in adult and senile dogs during surgical interventions. Thirty-six healthy dogs to surgical interventions, distributed in two groups, A and B, according to their age, and were all subjected to the same anesthetic protocol. Values of albumin, total plasmatic protein and COP were evaluated from samples collected before pre-anesthetic medication, fifteen minutes after pre-anesthetic medication, and shortly after the end of the intervention. Results were tested using t-test to compare among groups and ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey's test to compare different moments within the same group. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. In both groups, significant decreases were observed in colloid osmotic pressure, as well as albumin and total proteins (p<0.001). Despite slightly lower COP values for the group of adult animals, this difference was not significant as there was a high individual variation within groups. The results therefore indicate no difference in colloid osmotic pressure values or fluctuation patterns among adult and senile dogs (p=0.124). The observed results indicate that colloid osmotic pressure decreases significantly during surgical procedures, due to hypotension caused by the anesthetic drugs and to hemodilution caused by the fluid administration but there is no difference between groups. However, in both adult and senile dogs, these variables recover gradually after the animals awaken, through increased urine production and recovery of vascular tonus, indicating the successful reestablishment of homeostasis.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as flutuações da pressão coloidosmótica (PCO) em cães adultos e idosos durante a intervenção cirúrgica. Foram utilizados 36 cães hígidos submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica, distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com a idade e submetidos ao mesmo protocolo anestésico. Os valores de albumina, proteína plasmática total e PCO foram avaliados de amostras coletadas antes da medicação pré-anestésica, 15 minutos após e ao final do procedimento cirúrgico. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do teste-t para comparação entre os grupos e ANOVA para medidas repetidas seguido do teste de Tukey para comparar diferentes momentos dentro do mesmo grupo. Foram considerados estastisticamente diferentes com p<0.05. Em ambos os grupos foram observados decréscimo dos valores da pressão coloidosmótica, como os valores de albumina e proteína total (p<0.001). Apesar de ligeiramente inferior, os valores de PCO para o grupo adulto não apresentaram diferença significativa. Os resultados indicam que não houve diferença nos valores da pressão oncótica ou padrão de flutuação entre adultos e idosos (p=0,124). Os resultados observados indicam significativo decréscimo da pressão coloidosmótica durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos devido à hipotensão causada pelos fármacos anestésicos e pela hemodiluição causada pela administração de fluídos, mas não houve diferença entre os grupos. Entretanto, tanto em cães adultos como idosos, essas variações retornaram gradualmente após a recuperação dos animals, através do aumento da produção de urina e da recuperação do tônus vascular, indicando restabelecimento da homeostase.(AU)

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RESUMO

Ion-exchange chromatography has been widely used as a standard process in purification and analysis of protein, based on the electrostatic interaction between the protein and the stationary phase. Through the years, several approaches are used to improve the thermodynamic description of colloidal particle-surface interaction systems, however there are still a lot of gaps specifically when describing the behavior of protein adsorption. Here, we present an improved methodology for predicting the adsorption equilibrium constant by solving the modified Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation in bispherical coordinates. By including dispersion interactions between ions and protein, and between ions and surface, the modified PB equation used can describe the Hofmeister effects. We solve the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation to calculate the protein-surface potential of mean force, treated as spherical colloid-plate system, as a function of process variables. From the potential of mean force, the Henry constants of adsorption, for different proteins and surfaces, are calculated as a function of pH, salt concentration, salt type, and temperature. The obtained Henry constants are compared with experimental data for several isotherms showing excellent agreement. We have also performed a sensitivity analysis to verify the behavior of different kind of salts and the Hofmeister effects.

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RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The objective this study is to evaluate colloid osmotic pressure (COP) fluctuations in adult and senile dogs during surgical interventions. Thirty-six healthy dogs to surgical interventions, distributed in two groups, A and B, according to their age, and were all subjected to the same anesthetic protocol. Values of albumin, total plasmatic protein and COP were evaluated from samples collected before pre-anesthetic medication, fifteen minutes after pre-anesthetic medication, and shortly after the end of the intervention. Results were tested using t-test to compare among groups and ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukeys test to compare different moments within the same group. Statistical significance was set at p 0.05. In both groups, significant decreases were observed in colloid osmotic pressure, as well as albumin and total proteins (p 0.001). Despite slightly lower COP values for the group of adult animals, this difference was not significant as there was a high individual variation within groups. The results therefore indicate no difference in colloid osmotic pressure values or fluctuation patterns among adult and senile dogs (p=0.124). The observed results indicate that colloid osmotic pressure decreases significantly during surgical procedures, due to hypotension caused by the anesthetic drugs and to hemodilution caused by the fluid administration but there is no difference between groups. However, in both adult and senile dogs, these variables recover gradually after the animals awaken, through increased urine production and recovery of vascular tonus, indicating the successful reestablishment of homeostasis.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as flutuações da pressão coloidosmótica (PCO) em cães adultos e idosos durante a intervenção cirúrgica. Foram utilizados 36 cães hígidos submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica, distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com a idade e submetidos ao mesmo protocolo anestésico. Os valores de albumina, proteína plasmática total e PCO foram avaliados de amostras coletadas antes da medicação pré-anestésica, 15 minutos após e ao final do procedimento cirúrgico. Os dados obtidos foram analisados através do teste-t para comparação entre os grupos e ANOVA para medidas repetidas seguido do teste de Tukey para comparar diferentes momentos dentro do mesmo grupo. Foram considerados estastisticamente diferentes com p 0.05. Em ambos os grupos foram observados decréscimo dos valores da pressão coloidosmótica, como os valores de albumina e proteína total (p 0.001). Apesar de ligeiramente inferior, os valores de PCO para o grupo adulto não apresentaram diferença significativa. Os resultados indicam que não houve diferença nos valores da pressão oncótica ou padrão de flutuação entre adultos e idosos (p=0,124). Os resultados observados indicam significativo decréscimo da pressão coloidosmótica durante os procedimentos cirúrgicos devido à hipotensão causada pelos fármacos anestésicos e pela hemodiluição causada pela administração de fluídos, mas não houve diferença entre os grupos. Entretanto, tanto em cães adultos como idosos, essas variações retornaram gradualmente após a recuperação dos animals, através do aumento da produção de urina e da recuperação do tônus vascular, indicando restabelecimento da homeostase.

RESUMO

Introducción: los quistes coloideos (QC) son tumores benignos de crecimiento lento, que comprenden menos del 1% de los tumores intracraneales. Se presentan en adultos jóvenes y se ubican más frecuentemente en el techo del tercer ventrículo. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una serie de pacientes con QC del tercer ventrículo operados por vía endoscópica, analizar la técnica quirúrgica, ventajas y desventajas. Desarrollo: se realizó una búsqueda retrospectiva de pacientes operados por vía endoscópica, en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, de tumores del tercer ventrículo en un período de 2 años (2013-2015), con diagnóstico de QC confirmado por anatomía patológica . Se identificaron cinco pacientes, tres mujeres y dos hombres, cuyo promedio de edad fue de 50 años. No hubo complicaciones perioperatorias y ninguno mostró recidiva en el lapso de observación. Conclusión: la vía endoscópica es una vía técnicamente simple y con muy baja morbilidad. Si bien no siempre puede realizarse una exéresis completa, los trabajos prospectivos permitirán definir si esto resulta suficiente para el control de la enfermedad. (AU)

Colloid cysts are benign, slow-growing tumors, comprising less than 1% of intracranial tumors. They occur in young adults and are more frequently located on the roof of the third ventricle. The objective of this study is to present a series of patients with Colloid cysts operated endoscopically and analyze advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique. We performed a retrospective review of Colloid Cysts operated on endoscopically, at the Neurosurgical Department of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires in a period of 2 years (2013-2015). Five patients were identified, three women and two men whose average age was 50 years. No perioperative complications were observed, with no recurrences during the follow up period. Conclusion: the endoscopic approach is technically simple and has very low morbidity. Although a complete excision can not always be performed, prospective studies will allow us to define whether if is sufficient to control the disease. (AU)

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