RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), inflammation is pivotal, with early senescent CD4+CD28null cells implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the functional phenotype of these cells within the coronary circulation remains unclear. METHODS: We examined CD4+ cell subpopulations in blood samples from the coronary sinus and vena cava of 24 STEMI patients and the cephalic vein of seven healthy controls. RESULTS: Our findings revealed reduced CD4+ cell counts in STEMI patients compared to controls (1,998, 1,275-3,268 vs. 4,278, 3,595-4,449), alongside an increased proportion of CD4+ cells lacking CD28 expression (20.1 vs. 6.1%). These CD4+CD28null cells in STEMI predominantly exhibited a Th1 phenotype (47.8% vs. 6.6%). Intriguingly, no significant differences were detected in CD4+CD28null cells between coronary sinus and vena cava, and cytokine levels in these compartments remained similar. CONCLUSION: CD4+CD28null cells are increased in STEMI, mainly polarized toward a Th1 phenotype, and distributed equally between the different vascular beds.
Assuntos
Antígenos CD28 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Circulação Coronária , Citocinas , Fenótipo , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST , Células Th1 , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/imunologia , Infarto do Miocárdio com Supradesnível do Segmento ST/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Antígenos CD28/metabolismo , Células Th1/imunologia , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Senescência Celular , Seio Coronário , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , ImunofenotipagemRESUMO
ABSTRACT CD28 null T helper (Th) cells are rare in healthy individuals, but they are increased in various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. In this study, we determined the size of the CD4+/CD28 null T lymphocyte compartment in the peripheral blood of 40 autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients (idiopathic and secondary) and 20 healthy control subjects, using tri-color flow cytometry. The frequency and absolute count of CD4+/CD28 null T helper (Th) cells was significantly higher in idiopathic AIHA patients, compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and to patients with secondary AIHA (p = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). The percentage of CD4+/CD28 null Th cells was also negatively correlated to the hemoglobin (Hb) level (p = 0.03). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the expansion of this phenotypically-defined population of T lymphocytes in patients with idiopathic AIHA and indicate that it likely plays an etiological role in the development of this disease. However, establishing the use of this marker for diagnosis or monitoring treatment of such patients needs further studies.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores , Anemia Hemolítica Autoimune , Linfócitos T , Antígenos CD4 , Autoimunidade , Antígenos CD28 , Células Th1 , Citometria de FluxoRESUMO
CD28 null T helper (Th) cells are rare in healthy individuals, but they are increased in various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. In this study, we determined the size of the CD4+/CD28 null T lymphocyte compartment in the peripheral blood of 40 autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients (idiopathic and secondary) and 20 healthy control subjects, using tri-color flow cytometry. The frequency and absolute count of CD4+/CD28 null T helper (Th) cells was significantly higher in idiopathic AIHA patients, compared to healthy controls (pâ¯=â¯0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and to patients with secondary AIHA (pâ¯=â¯0.04 and 0.01, respectively). The percentage of CD4+/CD28 null Th cells was also negatively correlated to the hemoglobin (Hb) level (pâ¯=â¯0.03). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the expansion of this phenotypically-defined population of T lymphocytes in patients with idiopathic AIHA and indicate that it likely plays an etiological role in the development of this disease. However, establishing the use of this marker for diagnosis or monitoring treatment of such patients needs further studies.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the proportion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 phenotypes in senescent CD4+CD28null cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its association with the pattern of joint involvement. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in SLE patients with erosive arthritis (rhupus) or nondeforming, nonerosive arthritis. Total CD4+CD28null cells as well as the proportion of these cells expressing T-bet, GATA3 or RORγt were analyzed by color-flow cytometry. Serum osteopontin levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Eighteen SLE patients (nine with rhupus and nine with nonerosive arthritis) were studied. The percentage of CD4+CD28null/CD4+ cells (17.7%, 10.3-25.0% versus 9.4%, 8.1-22.4%; P = 0.386) as well as the osteopontin levels (5800, 5,134-5995 pg/ml versus 5578, 5171-5717 pg/ml; P > 0.05) were similar in both groups. A higher percentage of CD4+CD28nullT-bet+ cells (42.8%, 33.5-53.4% versus 30.0%, 23.3-34.2%) but a lower percentage of CD4+CD28nullGATA3+ cells (3.1%, 1.7-5.6% versus 6.2%, 2.6-18.4%) was observed in patients with rhupus than in their counterparts ( P = 0.016). The frequency of CD4+CD28nullRORγt+ cells was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with rhupus, senescent CD4+CD28null cells are preferentially polarized to a Th1 phenotype, whereas this is partial towards Th2 in lupus patients with a nonerosive arthritis pattern.