RESUMO
Biosilica (BS) and spongin (SPG) from marine sponges are highlighted for their potential to promote bone regeneration. Moreover, 3D printing is introduced as a technology for producing bone grafts with optimized porous structures, allowing for better cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the BS and BS/SPG 3D printed scaffolds and to evaluate the biological effects in vitro. The scaffolds were printed using an ink containing 4 wt.% of sodium alginate. The physicochemical characteristics of BS and BS/SPG 3D printed scaffolds were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FTIR, porosity, evaluation of mass loss, and pH measurement. For in vitro analysis, the cellular viability of the MC3T3-E1 cell lineage was assessed using the AlamarBlue® assay and confocal microscopy, while genotoxicity and mineralization potential were evaluated through the micronucleus assay and Alizarin Red S, respectively. SEM analysis revealed spicules in BS, the fibrillar structure of SPG, and material degradation over the immersion period. FTIR indicated peaks corresponding to silicon oxide in BS samples and carbon oxide and amine in SPG samples. BS-SPG scaffolds exhibited higher porosity, while BS scaffolds displayed greater mass loss. pH measurements indicated a significant decrease induced by BS, which was mitigated by SPG over the experimental periods. In vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity of scaffold extracts. .Also, the scaffolds promoted cellular differentiation. The micronucleus test further confirmed the absence of genotoxicity. These findings suggest that 3D printed BS and BS/SPG scaffolds may possess desirable morphological and physicochemical properties, indicating in vitro biocompatibility.
Assuntos
Poríferos , Impressão Tridimensional , Alicerces Teciduais , Animais , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Poríferos/química , Camundongos , Dióxido de Silício/química , Regeneração Óssea , Porosidade , Sobrevivência Celular , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Linhagem Celular , Osso e OssosRESUMO
A novel manufacturing approach was used to fabricate metallic scaffolds. A calibration of the laser cutting process was performed using the kerf width compensation in the calculations of the tool trajectory. Welding defects were studied through X-ray microtomography. Penetration depth and width resulted in relative errors of 9.4%, 1.0%, respectively. Microhardness was also measured, and the microstructure was studied in the base material. The microhardness values obtained were 400 HV, 237 HV, and 215 HV for the base material, HAZ, and fusion zone, respectively. No significant difference was found between the microhardness measurement along with different height positions of the scaffold. The scaffolds' dimensions and porosity were measured, their internal architecture was observed with micro-computed tomography. The results indicated that geometries with dimensions under 500 µm with different shapes resulted in relative errors of ~2.7%. The fabricated scaffolds presented an average compressive modulus ~13.15 GPa, which is close to cortical bone properties. The proposed methodology showed a promising future in bone tissue engineering applications.
RESUMO
Introducción: la medicina regenerativa es un cautivador campo de investigación de las ciencias biomédicas, y constituye una prometedora alternativa terapéutica en expansión para el tratamiento de los defectos óseos esqueletales, incluidos los del complejo craneofacial. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el empleo de la medicina regenerativa en el tratamiento de defectos óseos del macizo craneofacial. Métodos: se realizó una revisión en el periodo comprendido entre junio y julio de 2013. Se evaluaron revistas de impacto de la Web of Sciencies relacionadas con este tema (28 revistas) y 2 revistas cubanas. Se consultaron las bases de datos de sistemas referativos, como MEDLINE, PubMed y SciELO con la utilización de descriptores como craniofacial bone defects, craniofacial regenerative medicine, bone regeneration, bone reconstruction, bone scaffolds y sus contrapartes en español. Se incluyeron artículos en idioma inglés y español y publicaciones de los últimos 5 años, con excepción de 1 de mayor tiempo. Se obtuvieron 115 artículos, el estudio se circunscribió a 51 que enfocaron esta temática de manera más integral. Se revisó un libro. Resultados: al analizar el comportamiento de los artículos sobre la temática de estudio respecto a su representatividad en las diferentes revistas científicas donde fueron publicados, 11,8 por ciento de ellos correspondieron, respectivamente, a las revistas Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery y The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. Los restantes artículos estuvieron distribuidos de manera uniforme entre las otras revistas. Conclusiones: todas las publicaciones revisadas coinciden en pronunciar que hemos entrado en una nueva era en la regeneración del hueso bucofacial, donde la mejora de los materiales osteoinductivos, las terapias basadas en CM, entre otros elementos de esta rama de investigación, se pueden utilizar para mejorar y acelerar los resultados clínicos deseables en áreas como el trauma, distracción, defectos craneofaciales, de tamaño crítico y por exéresis de entidades patológicas, atrofia alveolar, osteonecrosis y elevación de la mucosa sinusal maxilar(AU)
Introduction: regenerative medicine is a charming area of research in the biomedical sciences, it constitute a promising therapeutic alternative for expansion in the treatment of skeletal bone defects, including the craniofacial complex. Objective: to review the literature on the use of regenerative medicine in the treatment of craniofacial bone defects. Methods: a review was conducted in the period from June to July 2013. Impact journals from Web of Sciencies related to this topic were evaluated (28 journals) and 2 Cuban magazines. Were consulted databases referativos systems such as MEDLINE, PubMed and SciELO with the use of descriptors such as craniofacial bone defects, craniofacial regenerative medicine, bone regeneration, bone reconstruction, bone scaffolds and its Spanish counterparts. We included articles in English and Spanish and publications of the last five year, except for one. 115 articles were obtained, confined the study to 51 that focused this issue more comprehensively. A book was reviewed. Results: by analyzing the behavior of the articles on the subject of study with respect to their representation in the various scientific journals where they were published, 11.8% of them corresponded, respectively, to the Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. The remaining items were evenly distributed among the other magazines. Conclusions: all these publications agree pronounce that we have entered a new era in orofacial bone regeneration, where improved osteoinductive materials, CM based therapies, among other elements of this branch of research, can be used to improve and accelerate desirable clinical outcomes in areas such as trauma, distraction, craniofacial defects, critical size and excision of pathological atrophy alveolar osteonecrosis and elevated maxillary sinus mucosa(AU)