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INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of our times. Although an important body of experimental evidence highlights the obesogenic potential of endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), the epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive and limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess associations between urinary BPA concentrations and several adiposity measures in peripubertal boys from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) cohort in Granada, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: BPA concentrations were determined in spot urine samples from 298 boys aged 9-11, and their weight, height, waist circumference, and percentage body fat mass were measured. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI z-score ≥85th percentile and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5. Associations were assessed using multivariable linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: In adjusted models, each natural log-unit increase in urinary BPA concentrations was associated with higher BMI z-score (ß = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.03, 0.41) and increased odds of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.46; 95%CI = 1.05, 2.05). Children with higher BPA concentrations had higher WHtR values (ß = 0.007; 95%CI = -0.001, 0.015), and BPA was associated with a greater risk of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.45; 95%CI = 1.03, 2.06). No associations were found with % body fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: BPA may exert an obesogenic effect in peripubertal boys, potentially increasing the risk of overweight/obesity, especially abdominal obesity. However, these results should be interpreted with caution given the modest sample size and the possibilities of reverse causality and residual confounding by diet and lifestyle patterns.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo fué conocer la relación y la fuerza de asociación que existe entre composición corporal y la concentración sérica de leptina en una población de mujeres. Se evaluaron 60 mujeres de entre 18 y 21 años de la Benemérita y Centenaria Escuela Normal del Estado de San Luis Potosí (BECENE). Se realizaron mediciones de: perímetro de cintura y cadera, talla, peso, porcentaje de masa grasa y niveles plasmáticos de: glucosa, colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDL, LDL, leptina e insulina. El procesamiento de datos se realizó en IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 (IBM Corp.), se utilizó estadística descriptiva, regresión lineal y regresión logística binomial, así como diferencia de medianas con una confiabilidad al 95%. La población estudiada presentó valores normales de glucemia y presión arterial media, sin embargo también se observó un 3% con hipercolesterolemia total; un 29,9% con sobrepeso/ obesidad; y un 26% con resistencia a insulina (HOMA2 IR mayor a 1.4). La mediana de leptina sérica fue de 6,49 ng/ml, donde un 30% de las mujeres se encontraban en condiciones de hiperleptinemia. Se observó una correlación significativa entre los niveles séricos de leptina y porcentaje de masa grasa, IMC, insulina sérica e índice HOMA2-IR. Por regresión logística binomial se observó que el IMC elevado aumenta la probabilidad de padecer hiperleptinemia 7,5 veces, y los niveles altos de masa grasa aumentan el riesgo 6,2 veces. El mejor predictor de hiperleptinemia fue el IMC(AU)

Sixty women aged between 18 and 21 from the Benemérita y Centenaria Escuela Normal del Estado de San Luis Potosí (BECENE) were evaluated. Body mass index, fat mass percentage, waist-hip ratio and several plasma components were analyzed: glucose, total colesterol, free tryglycerides, HDL, LDL, insulin and leptin. Data was processed by SPSS Statistics 20,0 software using descriptive statistics, binomial logistic regression with a confidence value of 95%. The population showed normal glycemic and blood pressure values, whereas a 29,9% of women were overweight/obese, 3% showed hypercholesterolemia and 29,9% showed insulin resistance (HOMA2 IR over 1.4). The median for blood leptin was 6.49 ng/ml, and 30% of women were hyperleptinemic. A positive and significant correlation was observed between blood leptin values and BMI, % fat mass, blood insulin and HOMA2-IR index. The odds ratio analyzed for BMI, showed that overweight and obesity increase 7,5 times the risk of hyperleptinemia. On the other hand, high levels of fat mass, increase by 6,2 times the risk of hyperleptinemia. So far, the best predictor for hyperleptinema is BMI(AU)

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Objetivo: determinar la proporción de masa grasa corporal cuantificada con pliegues subcutáneos en escolares y adolescentes de la zona de Tamborada de Cochabamba. Metodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se evaluaron a 158 escolares y adolescentes de ambos sexos entre 7 a 17 años de edad, que asisten a guarderías y centros de apoyo escolar dependientes del Centro de Desarrollo Integral (CDI). Se evaluó el IMC según edad y sexo. Para el estudio de la distribución grasa corporal, se midieron los cuatro pliegues cutáneos, pliegue tricipital, bicipital, subescapular y suprailíaco, a partir de las ecuaciones de regresión múltiple de Brook y Siri, se obtuvo la densidad y con ello el volumen total de grasa corporal de cada sujeto. Resultados: para el indicador antropométrico IMC no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la variable sexo (p = 0,165). la masa grasa corporal en porcentaje (%); en el género masculino se puede observar que ésta aumenta progresivamente hasta los 12 años y posteriormente disminuye también progresivamente. En el caso de las mujeres desde el inicio se evidencia un ascenso hasta los 13 años, para luego descender en el porcentaje de masa grasa corporal. la asociación entre los valores del porcentaje de grasa corporal y las cifras del índice de masa corporal, hay una correlación muy alta entre ambas variables (r = 0,861; p < 0,001). Discusión y Conclusión: estos datos indican que el índice de masa corporal se incrementa entre los sujetos y las cifras de porcentaje de grasa mostraron un incremento en modo paralelo.

Objective: to determine the proportion of body fat mass quantified with subcutaneous folds in school children and adolescents in the area of "La Tamborada", Cochabamba. Methods: it is a descriptive and transversal study. A total of 158 schoolchildren and adolescents from both sexes and between 7 and 17 years of age that attend day care centers and school support centers under the Integral Development Center (CDI) were evaluated. BMI was assessed by age and sex. For the study of the body fat distribution, the four skinfolds, triceps, bicipital, subscapular and suprailiac fold were measured from Brook's and Siri multiple regression equations, the density was obtained and thus the total volume of Body fat of each subject. Results: for the anthropometric indicator BMI no statistically significant differences were found for the gender variable (p = 0.165). Body fat mass in percentage (%); in the masculine gender it is possible to be observed that this increases progressively until the 12 years and later also diminishes progressively. In the case of women from the beginning, an ascent up to the age of 13 is evident, in order to decrease the percentage of body fat. The association between body fat percentage values and body mass index values, there is a very high correlation between both variables (r = 0.861, p <0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: these data indicate that body mass index is increased between subjects and fat percentage figures showed an increase in parallel mode.

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UNLABELLED: This cross-sectional study involves randomly selected men aged 50 to 99 years and postmenopausal women. Either central fat mass or peripheral fat mass were associated to osteoporosis or osteopenia independently from fat-free body mass and other confounding factors. INTRODUCTION: Obesity and osteoporosis are public health problems that probably share common pathophysiological mechanisms. The question if body fat mass, central or peripheral, is protective or harmful for osteoporosis or osteopenia is not completely resolved. This study aims to investigate the association between osteoporosis or osteopenia, and fat body mass (central and peripheral) independently from fat-free body mass, in men aged 50 to 99 years old and postmenopausal women randomly selected in the community. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional investigation with a random sample of registered population in Niterói Family Doctor Program (FDP), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bone mineral density (BMD) and fat-free mass were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: There was statistically significant bivariate association between bone loss with gender, age, skin color, alcohol consumption at risk dose, use of thiazide, fat-free body mass, and fat body mass (central and peripheral). In the multiple analysis of fat-free body mass, central and peripheral fat body mass showed an independent and protective effect on the presence of osteoporosis or osteopenia (p value <0.001). CONCLUSION: Since both obesity and osteoporosis are public health problems worldwide, strategies aimed at preventing both conditions should be encouraged during aging.

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Idosos institucionalizados apresentam um risco aumentado de alteração do estado nutricional. Sendo assim, são necessários indicadores sensíveis para identificação da alteração do estado nutricional. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar indicadores para análise do estado nutricional de idosos institucionalizados, em um período de três meses, por meio de exames bioquímicos e antropométricos. Foram selecionados 81 voluntários, com 78 ± 10 anos, sendo 53% do sexo feminino. Os dados antropométricos evidenciaram que as variáveisíndice de massa corporal, peso, massa gorda e ângulo de fase dos idosos institucionalizados diminuíram em três meses com diferença significativa no período. Dentre todos os exames bioquímicos e antropométricos, as variáveis índice de massa corporal, peso, massa gorda, ângulo de fase e lipidograma foram os indicadores da avaliação nutricional que identificaram alterações precoces e riscos nutricionais dos idosos institucionalizados no período de três meses. Vale ressaltar que indicadores nutricionais avaliados precocemente podem evitar os riscos nutricionais de idosos institucionalizados.

Institutionalized elderly have an increased risk of changes in nutritional status, therefore sensitive parameters are necessary for the identification of changes in nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters for analysis of the nutritional status of institutionalized elderly in a period of three months by means of biochemical and anthropometric measurements. Eighty one volunteers were selected, with 78 ± 10 years old and 53% female. Anthropometric data showed that the variables body mass index, weight, fat mass, and phase angle of the institutionalized elderly in three months decreased with significant difference between the assessments. Among all the biochemical and anthropometric measurements, body mass index, weight, fat mass, phase angle and blood fat were the indicators of nutritional assessment that identified early changes and nutritional risks of institutionalized elderly in three months. It is noteworthy that the early evaluation of nutritional indicators can prevent nutritional risk among elderly in living in rest homes.

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